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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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The Compendium of Tafsir al-Tabari,

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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Baqarah.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“The foolish of the people will say: What hath turned them from the qiblah which they formerly observed? Say: Unto Allah belong the East and the West. He guideth whom He will unto a straight path.” (2:142)

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“The foolish of the people will say: What hath turned them from the qiblah which they formerly observed? Say: Unto Allah belong the East and the West. He guideth whom He will unto a straight path.” (2:142)

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The foolish among the people—namely the Jews and the hypocrites—will say:

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"What has turned their faces away,

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diverting them from the direction they used to face in their prayers?"

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Say to them:

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To Allah belong the east and the west and whatever lies between them in the entire world;

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He guides whom He wills of His creation,

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directing and granting him success toward the straight path.

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He has indeed guided us by directing us toward the Sacred Mosque,

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the Qiblah of Ibrahim,

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while He has led you astray, O Jews and hypocrites, and left you forsaken.

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“Thus We have appointed you a middle nation, that ye may be witnesses against mankind, and that the messenger may be a witness against you. And We appointed the qiblah which ye formerly observed only that We might know him who followeth the messenger, from him who turneth on his heels. In truth it was a hard (test) save for those whom Allah guided. But it was not Allah's purpose that your faith should be in vain, for Allah is Full of Pity, Merciful toward mankind.” (2:143)

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“Thus We have appointed you a middle nation, that ye may be witnesses against mankind, and that the messenger may be a witness against you. And We appointed the qiblah which ye formerly observed only that We might know him who followeth the messenger, from him who turneth on his heels. In truth it was a hard (test) save for those whom Allah guided. But it was not Allah's purpose that your faith should be in vain, for Allah is Full of Pity, Merciful toward mankind.” (2:143)

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“Thus We have appointed you a middle nation, that ye may be witnesses against mankind, and that the messenger may be a witness against you. And We appointed the qiblah which ye formerly observed only that We might know him who followeth the messenger, from him who turneth on his heels. In truth it was a hard (test) save for those whom Allah guided. But it was not Allah's purpose that your faith should be in vain, for Allah is Full of Pity, Merciful toward mankind.” (2:143)

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“Thus We have appointed you a middle nation, that ye may be witnesses against mankind, and that the messenger may be a witness against you. And We appointed the qiblah which ye formerly observed only that We might know him who followeth the messenger, from him who turneth on his heels. In truth it was a hard (test) save for those whom Allah guided. But it was not Allah's purpose that your faith should be in vain, for Allah is Full of Pity, Merciful toward mankind.” (2:143)

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"...from him who turns back on his heels."

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“Thus We have appointed you a middle nation, that ye may be witnesses against mankind, and that the messenger may be a witness against you. And We appointed the qiblah which ye formerly observed only that We might know him who followeth the messenger, from him who turneth on his heels. In truth it was a hard (test) save for those whom Allah guided. But it was not Allah's purpose that your faith should be in vain, for Allah is Full of Pity, Merciful toward mankind.” (2:143)

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“Thus We have appointed you a middle nation, that ye may be witnesses against mankind, and that the messenger may be a witness against you. And We appointed the qiblah which ye formerly observed only that We might know him who followeth the messenger, from him who turneth on his heels. In truth it was a hard (test) save for those whom Allah guided. But it was not Allah's purpose that your faith should be in vain, for Allah is Full of Pity, Merciful toward mankind.” (2:143)

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"Indeed, Allah is to the people Kind and Merciful."

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Just as We have guided you, O believers, through Muhammad,

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peace and blessings be upon him,

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and singled you out with divine favor to follow the Qiblah and creed of Ibrahim,

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We have likewise favored you over all other religious communities

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by making you a justly balanced, choice nation—

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neither people of religious excess,

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like the Christians who exceeded proper bounds in monasticism and in what they claimed about 'Isa,

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nor people of neglect and falling short,

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like the neglect of the Jews who altered the Book of Allah,

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killed their prophets, lied against their Lord, and disbelieved in Him;

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rather, you are people of moderation and upright balance.

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This is so that you may be witnesses for My prophets and messengers against their nations regarding the delivery of the message—

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testifying that they faithfully conveyed what they were commanded to deliver of His messages—

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and that My Messenger Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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may be a witness over you concerning your faith in him and in what he brought to you.

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And We did not decree your turning away from Bayt al-Maqdis

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except so that My Messenger, My party, and My allies might distinguish those who truly follow Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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in whatever Allah commands him,

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from those who turn back as apostates from their religion.

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Although Our shifting you away from it was indeed a grave matter,

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it was not so for those whom Allah granted success,

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guiding them to believe in you and affirm your truthfulness.

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And Allah would never let your affirmation of His Messenger, peace be upon him, go to waste—namely your prayers

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that you offered facing Bayt al-Maqdis;

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for that was on your part an affirmation of My Messenger and an obedience to My command.

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Indeed, Allah is toward all His servants Full of Kindness—

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which is the highest expression of mercy—

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and He is Merciful toward the believers in this worldly life and the Hereafter.

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"We will surely turn you to a Qiblah that pleases you;

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so turn your face toward the Sacred Mosque.

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And wherever you may be, turn your faces toward it."

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“We have seen the turning of thy face to heaven (for guidance, O Muhammad). And now verily We shall make thee turn (in prayer) toward a qiblah which is dear to thee. So turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship, and ye (O Muslims), wheresoever ye may be, turn your faces (when ye pray) toward it. Lo! Those who have received the Scripture know that (this revelation) is the Truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do.” (2:144)

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“We have seen the turning of thy face to heaven (for guidance, O Muhammad). And now verily We shall make thee turn (in prayer) toward a qiblah which is dear to thee. So turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship, and ye (O Muslims), wheresoever ye may be, turn your faces (when ye pray) toward it. Lo! Those who have received the Scripture know that (this revelation) is the Truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do.” (2:144)

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We have indeed seen, O Muhammad, the shifting and turning of your face toward the sky,

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so We will surely divert you from Bayt al-Maqdis to a Qiblah that will please you,

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one you desire and love.

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So turn your face and direct it straight toward the Sacred Mosque.

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And wherever you may be on earth, O believers,

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turn your faces in prayer toward the Sacred Mosque and its direction.

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Indeed, the rabbis of the Jews and the learned scholars of the Christians

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know full well that facing this Mosque

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is the truth that Allah, Glorified and Sublime, ordained upon Ibrahim, his descendants, and all His servants thereafter.

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And Allah is not unaware of what you do, O believers,

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in following His command and resolving to obey Him,

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nor is He oblivious to it;

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rather, exalted be His praise, He records it for you and stores it up on your behalf,

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so that He may reward you with the finest recompense

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and grant you the best of returns.

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“And even if thou broughtest unto those who have received the Scripture all kinds of portents, they would not follow thy qiblah, nor canst thou be a follower of their qiblah; nor are some of them followers of the qiblah of others. And if thou shouldst follow their desires after the knowledge which hath come unto thee, then surely wert thou of the evil-doers.” (2:145)

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“And even if thou broughtest unto those who have received the Scripture all kinds of portents, they would not follow thy qiblah, nor canst thou be a follower of their qiblah; nor are some of them followers of the qiblah of others. And if thou shouldst follow their desires after the knowledge which hath come unto thee, then surely wert thou of the evil-doers.” (2:145)

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"Nor will some of them follow the Qiblah of others."

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“And even if thou broughtest unto those who have received the Scripture all kinds of portents, they would not follow thy qiblah, nor canst thou be a follower of their qiblah; nor are some of them followers of the qiblah of others. And if thou shouldst follow their desires after the knowledge which hath come unto thee, then surely wert thou of the evil-doers.” (2:145)

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“And even if thou broughtest unto those who have received the Scripture all kinds of portents, they would not follow thy qiblah, nor canst thou be a follower of their qiblah; nor are some of them followers of the qiblah of others. And if thou shouldst follow their desires after the knowledge which hath come unto thee, then surely wert thou of the evil-doers.” (2:145)

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Even if you, O Muhammad, were to bring the Jews and Christians every proof and argument

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that the truth is what you have brought them,

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regarding the obligation to turn from the Qiblah of Bayt al-Maqdis in prayer

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to the Qiblah of the Sacred Mosque,

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they would not believe in it nor follow it, despite the proof having been fully established against them.

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Nor do you have any way, O Muhammad, to follow their Qiblah;

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this is because the Jews face Bayt al-Maqdis in their prayers,

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while the Christians face the east.

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How, then, could you follow their Qiblah when their directions are completely at odds?

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Therefore, adhere strictly to your own Qiblah toward which you were commanded to face.

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The Jews will never follow the Qiblah of the Christians,

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nor will the Christians ever follow the Qiblah of the Jews.

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And if you, O Muhammad, were to seek the pleasure of these Jews and Christians

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after the divine knowledge that has reached you—

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knowing that they persist in falsehood and stubborn defiance of the truth—

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you would then be among the servants who wrong their own souls,

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defying My command and abandoning obedience to Him.

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"Those to whom We gave the Scripture recognize it as they recognize their own sons."

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“Those unto whom We gave the Scripture recognise (this revelation) as they recognise their sons. But lo! a party of them knowingly conceal the truth.” (2:146)

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"...while they know."

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These rabbis of the Jews and scholars of the Christians know

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that the Sacred House is their true Qiblah, the Qiblah of Ibrahim, and the Qiblah of the prophets before you,

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just as they recognize their own sons.

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Yet a faction among the Jews and Christians

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deliberately conceal the Qiblah toward which Allah, Glorified and Sublime, directed His Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him;

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along with that, they have also concealed the mission of Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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even though they find it written with them in the Torah and the Gospel.

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So Allah, Glorified and Sublime, revealed to Muhammad, peace be upon him, and his Ummah their betrayal and concealment of that,

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while they know full well they have no right to conceal it;

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thus they deliberately disobey Allah, Blessed and Exalted.

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"The truth is from your Lord, so never be among the doubters."

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Know, O Muhammad, that the truth is what your Lord has taught you, not what the Jews and Christians say to you.

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So act upon the truth, and never be among those who doubt that the Qiblah toward which I directed you

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is the Qiblah of Ibrahim, My intimate friend, peace be upon him,

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and the Qiblah of all the other prophets.

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Every religious community has a direction

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toward which all of them turn their faces.

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So hasten and race to perform good deeds in gratitude to your Lord;

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for in whatever place or land you perish,

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Allah will bring you all together on the Day of Resurrection,

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along with whoever opposed your Qiblah, your religion, and your sacred law,

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so that the doer of good may be fully requited for his good deeds, and the evildoer for his evil deeds.

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Indeed, Allah is fully capable of gathering you after your death.

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And from whatever place you set out,

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turn your face, O Muhammad;

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for facing toward it

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is indeed the undoubted truth from your Lord.

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So maintain it steadfastly,

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and obey Allah in turning toward His Qiblah.

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For Allah is not oblivious to your deeds, nor is He heedless of them,

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but He records them for you so that He may recompense you for them on the Day of Resurrection.

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“Whencesoever thou comest forth turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship; and wheresoever ye may be (O Muslims) turn your faces toward it (when ye pray) so that men may have no argument against you, save such of them as do injustice - Fear them not, but fear Me! - and so that I may complete My grace upon you, and that ye may be guided.” (2:150)

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“Whencesoever thou comest forth turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship; and wheresoever ye may be (O Muslims) turn your faces toward it (when ye pray) so that men may have no argument against you, save such of them as do injustice - Fear them not, but fear Me! - and so that I may complete My grace upon you, and that ye may be guided.” (2:150)

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From whatever place or land you journey and depart, O Muhammad,

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turn your face straight toward the Sacred Mosque.

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And wherever you believers may be in any land of Allah,

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turn your faces toward it in your prayers,

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so that the People of the Book will have no dispute or false claim against you, save the polytheists of Quraysh.

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For they will make a false claim and an unjust argument against you,

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saying among themselves: "Muhammad has returned to our Qiblah, and he will soon return to our religion."

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That was among their claims and false wishful thinking;

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it was the pretext that Quraysh held against the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and his Companions.

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So do not fear these wrongdoers in their arguments and disputes,

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but fear Me alone;

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fear My punishment if you abandon obedience to Me in what I have commanded you of praying toward the Sacred Mosque.

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And this is so that I may complete My guidance to you toward the Qiblah of Ibrahim, the intimate friend of Allah, peace be upon him,

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and thereby perfect My favor upon you,

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and so that you may be guided to the correct direction of the Qiblah.

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“Even as We have sent unto you a messenger from among you, who reciteth unto you Our revelations and causeth you to grow, and teacheth you the Scripture and wisdom, and teacheth you that which ye knew not.” (2:151)

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"...reciting to you Our verses..."

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“Even as We have sent unto you a messenger from among you, who reciteth unto you Our revelations and causeth you to grow, and teacheth you the Scripture and wisdom, and teacheth you that which ye knew not.” (2:151)

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“Even as We have sent unto you a messenger from among you, who reciteth unto you Our revelations and causeth you to grow, and teacheth you the Scripture and wisdom, and teacheth you that which ye knew not.” (2:151)

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And that I may complete My blessing upon you and that you may be guided,

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just as I initiated My favor upon you

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when I sent among you a Messenger to you from among yourselves,

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and he is Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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reciting to you the verses of the Qur'an,

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purifying you from the filth of sins,

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teaching you the rulings of the Book, the Sunnahs, and fiqh in religion,

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teaching you from the accounts of the prophets

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and the stories of past nations,

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as well as the news of what will occur and come to pass among matters that the Arabs did not know.

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“Therefore remember Me, I will remember you. Give thanks to Me, and reject not Me.” (2:152)

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So remember Me through your obedience to Me in what I command you and what I forbid you;

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I shall remember you with My mercy and My forgiveness for you.

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And be grateful to Me, O believers, for the blessings of Islam and guidance I have bestowed upon you,

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and do not deny My benevolence toward you,

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lest I strip you of the blessing I have conferred upon you;

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rather, show gratitude to Me, and I will increase you and complete My favor upon you.

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“O ye who believe! Seek help in steadfastness and prayer. Lo! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:153)

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"Indeed, Allah is with those who are patient."

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“O ye who believe! Seek help in steadfastness and prayer. Lo! Allah is with the steadfast.” (2:153)

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Patient in carrying out My obedience and fulfilling My obligations,

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and submitting to My command in whatever I enjoin upon you—

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both at the time of binding you to its ruling,

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and in shifting from it after We have directed you away from it,

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even if you encounter harm in that from the words of your enemies among the disbelievers,

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or physical hardship,

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or loss of wealth;

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and patient in striving against your enemies and fighting them in My cause.

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Seek help in that through patience and bearing its distress and heavy burden,

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and then by turning eagerly to prayer;

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for whoever is patient, Allah is his helper, his supporter, and well pleased with his deed.

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“And call not those who are slain in the way of Allah "dead." Nay, they are living, only ye perceive not.” (2:154)

183
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“And call not those who are slain in the way of Allah "dead." Nay, they are living, only ye perceive not.” (2:154)

184
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“And call not those who are slain in the way of Allah "dead." Nay, they are living, only ye perceive not.” (2:154)

185
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The dead is the one whose life has been stripped away and whose senses have been extinguished,

186
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so he feels no pleasure and perceives no delight.

187
00:15:58,360 --> 00:16:03,360
But those who are slain in My cause are alive with Me in vitality and bliss,

188
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rejoicing in the honor I have granted them.

189
00:16:08,360 --> 00:16:11,360
Yet you do not see them, so as to perceive that they are truly alive.

190
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“And surely We shall try you with something of fear and hunger, and loss of wealth and lives and crops; but give glad tidings to the steadfast,” (2:155)

191
00:16:19,580 --> 00:16:29,580
“And surely We shall try you with something of fear and hunger, and loss of wealth and lives and crops; but give glad tidings to the steadfast,” (2:155)

192
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"And give good tidings to the patient."

193
00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:39,000
We will surely test you with something of fear that will afflict you from your enemy,

194
00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:43,000
and with a drought that strikes you, bringing famine,

195
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:46,000
whereby your wealth will diminish,

196
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:50,000
and with wars that take place between you and your enemies,

197
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:52,000
whereby your numbers will decrease,

198
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:56,000
and with crop failures that occur, diminishing your produce;

199
00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:59,000
all of that is a test from Me for you,

200
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:04,000
so that those among you who are truthful in their faith may be distinguished from those who are false.

201
00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:08,000
And give good tidings, O Muhammad, to those who are patient under My trial.

202
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:14,099
“Who say, when a misfortune striketh them: Lo! we are Allah's and lo! unto Him we are returning.” (2:156)

203
00:17:15,099 --> 00:17:21,099
“Who say, when a misfortune striketh them: Lo! we are Allah's and lo! unto Him we are returning.” (2:156)

204
00:17:22,579 --> 00:17:24,579
And give good tidings, O Muhammad, to the patient—

205
00:17:25,579 --> 00:17:27,579
those who say when tested by Me:

206
00:17:28,579 --> 00:17:30,579
"Indeed, we are the possessed servants of our Lord and our Object of worship,

207
00:17:31,579 --> 00:17:32,579
and we are His slaves,

208
00:17:33,579 --> 00:17:36,579
and to Him after our death we shall surely return,"

209
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in complete submission to My decree and contentment with My judgments.

210
00:17:40,579 --> 00:17:47,640
“Such are they on whom are blessings from their Lord, and mercy. Such are the rightly guided.” (2:157)

211
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"And it is they who are the guided."

212
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These patient ones—

213
00:17:56,960 --> 00:17:59,960
for them is forgiveness, and for them is mercy from Allah and kindness.

214
00:18:00,960 --> 00:18:01,960
These patient ones

215
00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:04,960
are the ones who attain the path of truth,

216
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and the ones who perform that by which they have earned from Allah an immense reward.

217
00:18:10,990 --> 00:18:15,660
The Compendium of Tafsir al-Tabari.