WEBVTT 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:03.379 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.379 --> 00:00:06.349 Ifadah Center 00:00:06.349 --> 00:00:09.550 for Humanities Studies and Research 00:00:09.550 --> 00:00:10.949 presents 00:00:10.949 --> 00:00:15.949 The Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari 00:00:15.949 --> 00:00:19.929 Chapter: Estimating the Yield of Fruit 00:00:19.929 --> 00:00:23.940 On the authority of Abu Humayd al-Sa'idi, who said: 00:00:23.940 --> 00:00:29.239 We went on the expedition of Tabuk with the Prophet, peace be upon him. 00:00:29.239 --> 00:00:32.039 When we reached Wadi al-Qura, 00:00:32.140 --> 00:00:35.369 there was a woman in her garden. 00:00:35.369 --> 00:00:39.369 The Prophet, peace be upon him, said to his Companions: 00:00:39.369 --> 00:00:40.869 "Estimate [the yield]." 00:00:40.869 --> 00:00:46.270 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, estimated it at ten wasqs. 00:00:46.270 --> 00:00:47.770 He then said to her: 00:00:47.770 --> 00:00:50.600 "Keep track of what it produces." 00:00:50.600 --> 00:00:52.899 When we arrived at Tabuk, 00:00:52.899 --> 00:00:54.100 he said: 00:00:54.100 --> 00:00:58.100 "A fierce wind will blow tonight, 00:00:58.100 --> 00:01:00.700 so let no one stand up. 00:01:00.700 --> 00:01:04.299 Whoever has a camel, let him hobble it." 00:01:04.299 --> 00:01:06.200 So we hobbled them. 00:01:06.200 --> 00:01:08.700 A fierce wind blew, 00:01:08.700 --> 00:01:10.299 and a man stood up 00:01:10.299 --> 00:01:13.260 and was carried away by the wind to the mountain of Tayy. 00:01:13.260 --> 00:01:17.260 The King of Ayla gifted the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:01:17.260 --> 00:01:19.060 a white mule 00:01:19.060 --> 00:01:21.060 and clothed him in a garment. 00:01:21.060 --> 00:01:23.659 And he wrote to him regarding their sea [territory]. 00:01:23.659 --> 00:01:26.260 When he returned to Wadi al-Qura, 00:01:26.260 --> 00:01:27.959 he asked the woman: 00:01:27.959 --> 00:01:30.260 "How much did your garden yield?" 00:01:30.260 --> 00:01:31.260 She replied: 00:01:31.260 --> 00:01:33.260 "Ten wasqs." 00:01:33.260 --> 00:01:37.319 [This matched] what the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had estimated. 00:01:37.319 --> 00:01:40.920 Then the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 00:01:40.920 --> 00:01:43.920 "I am hastening to Medina; 00:01:43.920 --> 00:01:46.920 so whoever among you wishes to hasten with me, 00:01:46.920 --> 00:01:48.989 let him do so." 00:01:48.989 --> 00:01:52.189 When he came in sight of Medina, he said: 00:01:52.189 --> 00:01:54.609 "This is Tabah [Medina]." 00:01:54.609 --> 00:01:57.609 When he saw Mount Uhud, he said: 00:01:57.609 --> 00:02:01.569 "This is a mountain that loves us and we love it." 00:02:01.569 --> 00:02:04.969 "Shall I inform you of the best of the households of the Ansar?" 00:02:04.969 --> 00:02:06.670 They replied: "Yes." 00:02:06.670 --> 00:02:07.769 He said: 00:02:07.769 --> 00:02:09.770 "The household of Banu al-Najjar, 00:02:09.770 --> 00:02:12.569 then the household of Banu 'Abd al-Ashhal, 00:02:12.569 --> 00:02:14.969 then the household of Banu Sa'idah, 00:02:14.969 --> 00:02:18.169 or the household of Banu al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj." 00:02:18.169 --> 00:02:20.969 "And in all the households of the Ansar 00:02:20.969 --> 00:02:23.229 there is goodness." 00:02:23.229 --> 00:02:24.629 In another narration: 00:02:24.629 --> 00:02:27.229 Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah caught up with us, 00:02:27.229 --> 00:02:28.430 and said: 00:02:28.430 --> 00:02:30.030 "O Abu Usaid, 00:02:30.030 --> 00:02:33.629 did you not see that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:02:33.629 --> 00:02:35.430 ranked the Ansar, 00:02:35.430 --> 00:02:37.860 and placed us last?" 00:02:37.860 --> 00:02:41.860 So Sa'd caught up with the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:02:41.860 --> 00:02:43.060 and said: 00:02:43.060 --> 00:02:44.860 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:02:44.860 --> 00:02:46.860 you ranked the households of the Ansar, 00:02:46.860 --> 00:02:49.259 and placed us last." 00:02:49.259 --> 00:02:50.659 He replied: 00:02:50.659 --> 00:02:55.699 "Is it not enough for you to be among the best?" 00:02:55.699 --> 00:02:58.979 Commentary on the hadith: 00:02:58.979 --> 00:03:00.979 Chapter: Estimating the Yield of Fruit. 00:03:00.979 --> 00:03:04.169 "Al-Khars" means estimation. 00:03:04.169 --> 00:03:05.669 Wadi al-Qura 00:03:05.669 --> 00:03:08.169 is a town north of Medina, 00:03:08.169 --> 00:03:12.370 approximately three hundred and fifty kilometers away. 00:03:12.370 --> 00:03:15.300 It is called Wadi al-'Ula today. 00:03:15.300 --> 00:03:16.800 "In a garden" 00:03:16.800 --> 00:03:18.099 The garden 00:03:18.099 --> 00:03:20.830 is an orchard enclosed by a wall. 00:03:20.830 --> 00:03:22.229 "Estimate" 00:03:22.229 --> 00:03:23.430 Estimation 00:03:23.430 --> 00:03:27.389 is for the zakat collector to guess how much fruit is on the trees. 00:03:27.389 --> 00:03:29.189 "Ten wasqs" 00:03:29.189 --> 00:03:31.789 A wasq is sixty sa's, 00:03:31.789 --> 00:03:36.449 which is approximately one hundred and fifty kilograms. 00:03:36.449 --> 00:03:37.650 "Keep track" 00:03:37.650 --> 00:03:40.550 meaning, keep a record of its measured amount. 00:03:40.550 --> 00:03:41.550 Tabuk 00:03:41.550 --> 00:03:44.949 is a city between Medina and Damascus, 00:03:44.949 --> 00:03:47.150 located north of Medina, 00:03:47.150 --> 00:03:51.969 seven hundred and seventy-eight kilometers away. 00:03:51.969 --> 00:03:53.370 "Hobble" 00:03:53.370 --> 00:03:54.770 Hobbling a camel 00:03:54.770 --> 00:03:56.770 is to bend the camel's foreleg 00:03:56.770 --> 00:04:00.469 and tie it with a rope at the middle of the forearm. 00:04:00.469 --> 00:04:02.069 "Mountain of Tayy" 00:04:02.069 --> 00:04:04.530 named after a tribe. 00:04:04.530 --> 00:04:05.729 "Ayla" 00:04:05.729 --> 00:04:08.330 is a town on the seashore, 00:04:08.330 --> 00:04:11.400 at the end of the Hijaz and the beginning of the Levant. 00:04:11.400 --> 00:04:12.800 "Regarding their sea" 00:04:12.800 --> 00:04:14.830 meaning, regarding their land. 00:04:14.830 --> 00:04:16.029 "Came in sight of" 00:04:16.029 --> 00:04:19.360 meaning, he drew near to it and looked upon it. 00:04:19.360 --> 00:04:21.160 "This is Tabah" 00:04:21.160 --> 00:04:22.759 meaning, the pleasant one. 00:04:22.759 --> 00:04:25.519 It is Medina al-Munawwarah. 00:04:25.519 --> 00:04:27.120 "This is a mountain" 00:04:27.120 --> 00:04:28.519 a diminutive form of 'mountain'. 00:04:28.519 --> 00:04:30.120 Expressing affection. 00:04:30.120 --> 00:04:32.319 "Best of the households of the Ansar" 00:04:32.319 --> 00:04:34.600 meaning, the most virtuous of them. 00:04:34.600 --> 00:04:38.290 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:04:38.290 --> 00:04:40.490 It is derived from the hadith: 00:04:40.490 --> 00:04:44.490 The legitimacy of estimating the amount of zakat on fruits, 00:04:44.490 --> 00:04:48.089 and allowing the owner of the wealth to dispose of the fruit 00:04:48.089 --> 00:04:50.089 on the condition of guaranteeing the zakat. 00:04:50.089 --> 00:04:54.889 The hadith demonstrates a miracle of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:04:54.889 --> 00:04:58.490 in his foretelling of the wind that would blow. 00:04:58.490 --> 00:05:01.689 It includes training and educating followers, 00:05:01.689 --> 00:05:05.490 and taking precautions against what is feared. 00:05:05.490 --> 00:05:09.089 It shows the legitimacy of taking necessary precautions, 00:05:09.089 --> 00:05:12.290 and that this does not contradict reliance upon Allah (tawakkul). 00:05:12.290 --> 00:05:15.089 It highlights the virtue of Medina, 00:05:15.089 --> 00:05:17.689 the virtue of Mount Uhud, 00:05:17.689 --> 00:05:21.290 and the virtue of the Ansar, may Allah be pleased with them. 00:05:21.290 --> 00:05:24.089 It shows that the households of the Ansar, may Allah be pleased with them, 00:05:24.089 --> 00:05:26.490 vary in their degree of virtue, 00:05:26.490 --> 00:05:28.920 yet all of them possess goodness. 00:05:28.920 --> 00:05:32.519 It permits accepting gifts from non-Muslims. 00:05:32.519 --> 00:05:38.120 The hadith indicates that disobeying what the Messenger, peace be upon him, said 00:05:38.120 --> 00:05:43.240 leads to hardship and affliction. 00:05:43.240 --> 00:05:46.639 Chapter: The Tithe (Ushr) on what is watered by rain, 00:05:46.639 --> 00:05:49.579 or by flowing water. 00:05:49.579 --> 00:05:52.579 From 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both: 00:05:52.579 --> 00:05:56.779 The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 00:05:56.779 --> 00:05:59.579 "On what is watered by rain or springs, 00:05:59.579 --> 00:06:02.980 or is naturally irrigated (athari), is the tithe (one-tenth)." 00:06:02.980 --> 00:06:07.199 "And what is watered by drawing water (nadh) is half the tithe." 00:06:07.199 --> 00:06:10.379 Commentary on the hadith: 00:06:10.379 --> 00:06:13.209 "Rain" refers to rainfall. 00:06:13.209 --> 00:06:16.209 "Athari" (naturally irrigated) 00:06:16.209 --> 00:06:19.839 is that which drinks through its roots without artificial irrigation. 00:06:19.839 --> 00:06:22.439 "Nadh" (drawing water) 00:06:22.439 --> 00:06:25.439 refers to the camels used for drawing water, 00:06:25.439 --> 00:06:29.819 meaning anything that incurs the cost of irrigation. 00:06:29.819 --> 00:06:33.480 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:06:33.480 --> 00:06:35.680 It is derived from the hadith: 00:06:35.680 --> 00:06:39.680 Zakat on crops and fruits is due if they reach the minimum threshold (nisab). 00:06:39.680 --> 00:06:42.879 If there is no cost for irrigation or the like, 00:06:42.879 --> 00:06:44.480 then one-tenth is due, 00:06:44.480 --> 00:06:47.410 meaning one-tenth for every hundred. 00:06:47.410 --> 00:06:50.610 As for that which incurs the cost of irrigation or the like, 00:06:50.610 --> 00:06:55.910 its zakat is five for every hundred. 00:06:55.910 --> 00:06:59.910 Chapter: Taking the charity of dates at the time of harvest. 00:06:59.910 --> 00:07:04.959 Should a child be left to touch the charity dates? 00:07:04.959 --> 00:07:08.560 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:07:08.560 --> 00:07:11.560 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:07:11.560 --> 00:07:14.959 would be brought dates at the time of harvest. 00:07:14.959 --> 00:07:17.160 One person would bring his dates, 00:07:17.160 --> 00:07:19.160 and another would bring his, 00:07:19.160 --> 00:07:22.829 until he had a pile of dates. 00:07:22.829 --> 00:07:26.029 Al-Hasan and al-Husayn, may Allah be pleased with them, began 00:07:26.029 --> 00:07:28.860 playing with those dates. 00:07:28.860 --> 00:07:31.259 One of them took a date, 00:07:31.259 --> 00:07:32.860 in another narration: 00:07:32.860 --> 00:07:36.459 Al-Hasan ibn 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:07:36.459 --> 00:07:38.660 and put it in his mouth. 00:07:38.660 --> 00:07:42.860 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, looked at him, 00:07:42.860 --> 00:07:45.319 and took it out of his mouth. 00:07:45.319 --> 00:07:46.920 In another narration: 00:07:46.920 --> 00:07:50.319 The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 00:07:50.319 --> 00:07:51.920 "Kakh, kakh!" 00:07:51.920 --> 00:07:53.790 [to make him] spit it out. 00:07:53.790 --> 00:07:55.189 Then he said: 00:07:55.189 --> 00:07:59.189 "Do you not know that the family of Muhammad, peace be upon him, 00:07:59.189 --> 00:08:02.519 do not eat charity?" 00:08:02.519 --> 00:08:05.709 Commentary on the hadith: 00:08:05.709 --> 00:08:07.709 "At the time of harvest" 00:08:07.709 --> 00:08:10.370 means at the time of gathering and picking them. 00:08:10.370 --> 00:08:12.370 "A pile" 00:08:12.370 --> 00:08:13.569 A pile 00:08:13.569 --> 00:08:16.360 is a large quantity of something. 00:08:16.360 --> 00:08:17.959 "Family of Muhammad" 00:08:17.959 --> 00:08:19.759 are the Banu Hashim, 00:08:19.759 --> 00:08:22.560 including the family of 'Ali, the family of 'Abbas, 00:08:22.560 --> 00:08:25.160 the family of Ja'far, the family of 'Aqil, 00:08:25.160 --> 00:08:28.519 and the family of al-Harith ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib. 00:08:28.519 --> 00:08:30.720 "Do not eat charity" 00:08:30.720 --> 00:08:33.909 means charity is not lawful for them. 00:08:33.909 --> 00:08:37.509 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:37.509 --> 00:08:39.509 It is derived from the hadith: 00:08:39.509 --> 00:08:44.710 That children must avoid what adults must avoid regarding prohibitions. 00:08:44.710 --> 00:08:51.710 That guardians of children must monitor them in matters of their religion. 00:08:51.710 --> 00:08:56.309 Chapter: Whoever sells his fruits, palm trees, land, or crops 00:08:56.309 --> 00:08:59.509 when the tithe or charity has become due upon them, 00:08:59.509 --> 00:09:02.110 and he pays the zakat from other sources, 00:09:02.110 --> 00:09:07.159 or sells his fruits when charity has not yet become due. 00:09:07.159 --> 00:09:10.759 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:09:10.759 --> 00:09:13.360 The Prophet, peace be upon him, forbade 00:09:13.360 --> 00:09:14.960 the sale of fruit 00:09:14.960 --> 00:09:17.919 until its ripeness becomes evident. 00:09:17.919 --> 00:09:19.320 In one narration: 00:09:19.320 --> 00:09:22.320 "Do not sell fruit for dates." 00:09:22.320 --> 00:09:23.919 And in another narration: 00:09:23.919 --> 00:09:26.980 "He forbade both the seller and the buyer." 00:09:26.980 --> 00:09:29.980 When he was asked about its ripeness, 00:09:29.980 --> 00:09:30.980 He said: 00:09:30.980 --> 00:09:34.450 "Until its blight is gone." 00:09:34.450 --> 00:09:37.830 Commentary on the hadith: 00:09:37.830 --> 00:09:40.529 "It appears" (yabdu) means it becomes visible. 00:09:40.529 --> 00:09:45.320 "He" refers to ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both. 00:09:45.320 --> 00:09:48.840 "Its blight" (‘ahatuhu) refers to its defect or disease. 00:09:48.840 --> 00:09:52.480 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:09:52.480 --> 00:09:54.679 It is derived from the hadith: 00:09:54.679 --> 00:09:58.080 The prohibition of selling fruit upon which zakat has become due, 00:09:58.080 --> 00:10:00.279 Before the zakat has been paid. 00:10:00.279 --> 00:10:06.159 It also contains guidance on cutting off the causes of dispute. 00:10:06.159 --> 00:10:10.360 From Jabir Ibn ‘Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:10:10.360 --> 00:10:12.960 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, forbade: 00:10:12.960 --> 00:10:14.559 Mukhabara (sharecropping), 00:10:14.559 --> 00:10:16.159 Muhaqala (selling unharvested crops), 00:10:16.159 --> 00:10:18.159 Muzabana (bartering unharvested fruit for harvested fruit), 00:10:18.159 --> 00:10:22.320 And the sale of fruit until its ripeness is apparent. 00:10:22.320 --> 00:10:23.720 In one narration: 00:10:23.720 --> 00:10:25.519 "Until it becomes good." 00:10:25.519 --> 00:10:27.120 And in another narration: 00:10:27.120 --> 00:10:29.149 "Until it shows color." 00:10:29.149 --> 00:10:30.350 It was asked: 00:10:30.350 --> 00:10:32.350 "And what is showing color?" 00:10:32.350 --> 00:10:33.350 He said: 00:10:33.350 --> 00:10:35.750 "It turns red and yellow, 00:10:35.750 --> 00:10:37.909 And can be eaten from." 00:10:37.909 --> 00:10:41.909 And that it should not be sold except for dinars and dirhams, 00:10:41.909 --> 00:10:44.679 Except for ‘Araya (small-scale gift exchanges). 00:10:44.679 --> 00:10:48.059 Commentary on the hadith: 00:10:48.059 --> 00:10:49.659 Mukhabara: 00:10:49.659 --> 00:10:53.460 Meaning working the land for a portion of what it produces. 00:10:53.460 --> 00:10:54.460 It is also said: 00:10:54.460 --> 00:10:58.250 It is leasing land for a third or a quarter of the yield. 00:10:58.250 --> 00:10:59.850 Muhaqala: 00:10:59.850 --> 00:11:04.480 It is the sale of wheat in its ears for cleaned wheat. 00:11:04.480 --> 00:11:06.080 Muzabana: 00:11:06.080 --> 00:11:09.080 It is the sale of fresh dates for dried dates by measurement. 00:11:09.080 --> 00:11:12.480 And the sale of raisins for grapes by measurement. 00:11:12.480 --> 00:11:13.679 It is also said: 00:11:13.679 --> 00:11:16.879 The intent is any sale containing gharar (uncertainty/risk). 00:11:16.879 --> 00:11:22.970 It is the sale of anything in bulk without knowing its measure, weight, or count. 00:11:22.970 --> 00:11:24.370 ‘Araya: 00:11:24.370 --> 00:11:29.149 These are palm trees given to someone to take their fruit. 00:11:29.149 --> 00:11:32.720 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:11:32.720 --> 00:11:34.919 It is derived from the hadith: 00:11:34.919 --> 00:11:38.750 The prohibition of sales containing gharar. 00:11:38.750 --> 00:11:42.549 The hadith contains an indication of the virtue of gifts. 00:11:42.549 --> 00:11:46.129 ‘Araya. 00:11:46.129 --> 00:11:49.330 From Anas Ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:11:49.330 --> 00:11:52.529 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:11:52.529 --> 00:11:56.429 Forbade the sale of fruits until they are ripe. 00:11:56.429 --> 00:11:58.029 In one narration: 00:11:58.029 --> 00:12:02.029 "He forbade the sale of fruit until its ripeness is apparent, 00:12:02.029 --> 00:12:05.230 And of palm trees until they are ripe." 00:12:05.230 --> 00:12:06.629 It was said to him: 00:12:06.629 --> 00:12:08.429 "And what is 'ripe' (tuzhi)?" 00:12:08.429 --> 00:12:09.429 He said: 00:12:09.429 --> 00:12:11.590 "Until they turn red." 00:12:11.590 --> 00:12:12.990 In one narration: 00:12:12.990 --> 00:12:15.480 "They turn red and yellow." 00:12:15.480 --> 00:12:19.480 Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:12:19.480 --> 00:12:22.679 "What do you think if Allah withholds the fruit? 00:12:22.679 --> 00:12:26.269 On what basis would one of you take his brother's wealth?" 00:12:26.269 --> 00:12:29.450 Commentary on the hadith: 00:12:29.450 --> 00:12:31.850 "If Allah withholds the fruit," 00:12:31.850 --> 00:12:35.840 Meaning if a blight strikes it and destroys it. 00:12:35.840 --> 00:12:38.840 "On what basis would one of you take his brother's wealth?" 00:12:38.840 --> 00:12:42.039 Meaning, for what reason would one of you take his brother's wealth, 00:12:42.039 --> 00:12:44.039 If the fruit is destroyed? 00:12:44.039 --> 00:12:45.440 The intent is: 00:12:45.440 --> 00:12:49.289 By what right does one of you make his brother's wealth lawful for himself? 00:12:49.289 --> 00:12:53.149 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:12:53.149 --> 00:12:55.149 It is derived from the hadith: 00:12:55.350 --> 00:12:59.149 The prohibition of sales containing gharar. 00:12:59.149 --> 00:13:06.129 It contains an exhortation to avoid consuming people's wealth unjustly. 00:13:06.129 --> 00:13:07.129 Chapter: 00:13:07.129 --> 00:13:10.960 May a man buy back his own charity? 00:13:10.960 --> 00:13:13.960 From ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:13:13.960 --> 00:13:17.360 I donated a horse in the cause of Allah, 00:13:17.360 --> 00:13:20.490 But the one who had it neglected it. 00:13:20.490 --> 00:13:21.889 In one narration: 00:13:21.889 --> 00:13:24.320 I found it being sold, 00:13:24.320 --> 00:13:26.720 So I wanted to buy it, 00:13:26.720 --> 00:13:29.720 And I thought he would sell it cheaply. 00:13:29.720 --> 00:13:33.720 I asked the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:13:33.720 --> 00:13:36.750 And he said: "Do not buy it." 00:13:36.750 --> 00:13:39.940 In one narration: "Do not purchase it, 00:13:39.940 --> 00:13:42.940 And do not return to your charity, 00:13:42.940 --> 00:13:44.940 Even if he gives it to you for a dirham, 00:13:44.940 --> 00:13:47.940 For the one who returns to his charity 00:13:47.940 --> 00:13:50.580 Is like one who returns to his vomit." 00:13:50.580 --> 00:13:54.090 Commentary on the hadith: 00:13:54.090 --> 00:13:57.090 "I donated a horse in the cause of Allah," 00:13:57.090 --> 00:14:00.090 Meaning I gave him a horse as a gift of ownership. 00:14:00.090 --> 00:14:03.090 So he has the right to do with it as he wishes. 00:14:03.090 --> 00:14:05.279 "Neglected it," 00:14:05.279 --> 00:14:09.279 The intent is that he did not know its value, so he sold it. 00:14:09.279 --> 00:14:12.440 "I thought" means I supposed. 00:14:12.440 --> 00:14:14.440 "Sell it cheaply," 00:14:14.440 --> 00:14:16.440 Meaning for less than its market value. 00:14:16.440 --> 00:14:19.600 "Do not return to your charity," 00:14:19.600 --> 00:14:22.700 Meaning do not take back what you gave in charity. 00:14:22.700 --> 00:14:24.700 "For the one who returns to his charity," 00:14:24.700 --> 00:14:28.279 Meaning the one who takes it back. 00:14:28.279 --> 00:14:32.139 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:14:32.139 --> 00:14:34.139 It is derived from the hadith: 00:14:34.139 --> 00:14:37.139 The legitimacy of using parables to deter people 00:14:37.139 --> 00:14:39.139 From reprehensible actions. 00:14:39.139 --> 00:14:42.139 It also contains the legitimacy of enjoining good 00:14:42.139 --> 00:14:44.139 And forbidding evil. 00:14:44.139 --> 00:14:49.029 Chapter: Charity for the freed slaves (mawali) 00:14:49.029 --> 00:14:52.539 Of the wives of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:14:52.539 --> 00:14:56.539 From Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:14:56.539 --> 00:14:59.539 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, found 00:14:59.539 --> 00:15:01.539 A dead sheep. 00:15:01.539 --> 00:15:05.600 It had been given to a freed slave of Maymuna as charity. 00:15:05.600 --> 00:15:08.600 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:15:08.600 --> 00:15:11.600 "Why did you not benefit from its hide?" 00:15:11.600 --> 00:15:13.730 In one narration: 00:15:13.730 --> 00:15:16.730 "Why did you not enjoy its skin?" 00:15:16.730 --> 00:15:19.799 They said: "It is dead (carrion)." 00:15:19.799 --> 00:15:24.440 He said: "Only eating it is forbidden." 00:15:24.440 --> 00:15:26.440 Commentary on the hadith: 00:15:26.440 --> 00:15:28.820 "Benefit from its hide," 00:15:28.820 --> 00:15:32.820 Such as using it as a utensil after tanning. 00:15:32.820 --> 00:15:34.980 "Enjoy," 00:15:34.980 --> 00:15:36.980 Meaning benefit from. 00:15:36.980 --> 00:15:37.980 "Its skin," 00:15:37.980 --> 00:15:39.980 Meaning its hide. 00:15:39.980 --> 00:15:43.299 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:15:43.299 --> 00:15:46.000 It is derived from the hadith: 00:15:46.000 --> 00:15:49.000 The purification of the hide of a dead animal through tanning. 00:15:49.000 --> 00:15:54.000 The hadith contains an indication of the permissibility of selling the hide of a dead animal. 00:15:54.000 --> 00:15:58.919 From ‘Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: 00:15:58.919 --> 00:16:01.919 There were three rulings regarding Barira: 00:16:01.919 --> 00:16:04.919 She was freed and given a choice. 00:16:04.919 --> 00:16:06.919 In one narration: 00:16:06.919 --> 00:16:09.919 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, called her, 00:16:09.919 --> 00:16:11.919 And gave her the choice regarding her husband. 00:16:11.919 --> 00:16:13.919 She said: 00:16:13.919 --> 00:16:15.919 "If he gave me such and such," 00:16:15.919 --> 00:16:17.919 Nothing was established with him, 00:16:17.919 --> 00:16:19.919 So she chose herself. 00:16:19.919 --> 00:16:23.919 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:16:23.919 --> 00:16:26.919 "The right of inheritance (wala') belongs to the one who frees." 00:16:26.919 --> 00:16:30.149 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, entered, 00:16:30.149 --> 00:16:33.149 And a pot was on the fire. 00:16:33.149 --> 00:16:37.149 Bread and stew from the house's provisions were brought to him. 00:16:37.149 --> 00:16:39.149 He said: 00:16:39.149 --> 00:16:41.149 "Did I not see a pot?" 00:16:41.149 --> 00:16:42.240 It was said: 00:16:42.240 --> 00:16:45.240 "Meat that was given as charity to Barira, 00:16:45.240 --> 00:16:48.240 And you do not eat charity." 00:16:48.240 --> 00:16:49.309 He said: 00:16:49.309 --> 00:16:51.309 "It is charity for her, 00:16:51.309 --> 00:16:53.309 But a gift for us." 00:16:53.309 --> 00:16:56.980 Commentary on the hadith: 00:16:56.980 --> 00:16:59.590 "Three rulings," 00:16:59.590 --> 00:17:01.590 Meaning three legal judgments. 00:17:01.590 --> 00:17:03.590 "Given a choice," 00:17:03.590 --> 00:17:06.589 Meaning the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, gave her the choice 00:17:06.589 --> 00:17:08.589 To annul the marriage, 00:17:08.589 --> 00:17:10.589 As her husband was a slave. 00:17:10.589 --> 00:17:12.750 "The right of inheritance belongs to the one who frees." 00:17:12.750 --> 00:17:14.750 Wala': 00:17:14.750 --> 00:17:17.750 A legal kinship resulting from manumission, 00:17:17.750 --> 00:17:20.750 Which entails special rulings, 00:17:20.750 --> 00:17:21.750 Such as inheritance. 00:17:21.750 --> 00:17:23.910 "A pot" (burma): 00:17:23.910 --> 00:17:24.910 The burma is 00:17:24.910 --> 00:17:29.910 A pot made of stone known in the Hijaz and Yemen. 00:17:29.910 --> 00:17:32.039 "Brought to him," 00:17:32.039 --> 00:17:33.039 Meaning presented to him. 00:17:33.039 --> 00:17:35.069 "Stew" (adam): 00:17:35.069 --> 00:17:36.069 Meaning a condiment, 00:17:36.069 --> 00:17:39.069 Like oil, vinegar, and the like. 00:17:39.069 --> 00:17:43.569 Chapter: If charity is transferred. 00:17:43.569 --> 00:17:47.240 From Anas, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:17:47.240 --> 00:17:50.240 That the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:17:50.240 --> 00:17:54.279 Was brought meat that had been given as charity to Barira. 00:17:54.279 --> 00:17:55.279 He said: 00:17:55.279 --> 00:17:57.279 "It is charity for her, 00:17:57.279 --> 00:17:59.279 But it is a gift for us." 00:17:59.279 --> 00:18:02.849 Commentary on the hadith: 00:18:02.849 --> 00:18:05.269 "Was brought meat," 00:18:05.269 --> 00:18:07.269 Meaning meat was presented to him. 00:18:07.269 --> 00:18:10.880 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:18:10.880 --> 00:18:13.799 It is derived from the hadith: 00:18:13.799 --> 00:18:18.799 Once the recipient of charity has taken possession of it and owns it, 00:18:18.799 --> 00:18:20.799 It is permissible for them to dispose of it, 00:18:20.799 --> 00:18:24.869 Through sale, gift, and the like. 00:18:24.869 --> 00:18:29.869 The hadith clarifies that the prohibition of certain things is not due to their essence, 00:18:29.869 --> 00:18:31.869 But due to known legal reasons. 00:18:31.869 --> 00:18:35.869 Once those impediments are lifted, it becomes permissible. 00:18:35.869 --> 00:18:42.920 Chapter: The Imam’s prayer and supplication for the one who gives charity. 00:18:42.920 --> 00:18:46.619 On the authority of ‘Abdullah Ibn Abi Awfa. 00:18:46.619 --> 00:18:48.619 He was one of the people of the Tree. 00:18:48.619 --> 00:18:49.619 He said: 00:18:49.619 --> 00:18:52.619 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:18:52.619 --> 00:18:55.619 when a group brought him charity, 00:18:55.619 --> 00:18:56.619 would say: 00:18:56.619 --> 00:18:59.619 "O Allah, send Your blessings upon them." 00:18:59.619 --> 00:19:02.619 My father came to him with his charity, 00:19:02.619 --> 00:19:03.619 and he said: 00:19:03.619 --> 00:19:07.619 "O Allah, send Your blessings upon the family of Abi Awfa." 00:19:07.619 --> 00:19:10.970 Commentary on the hadith: 00:19:10.970 --> 00:19:13.549 "From the people of the Tree," 00:19:13.549 --> 00:19:16.710 meaning those who gave the pledge of allegiance at al-Ridwan. 00:19:16.710 --> 00:19:18.710 "O Allah, send Your blessings upon them," 00:19:18.710 --> 00:19:22.710 refers to his, peace be upon him, prayer for his Ummah. 00:19:22.710 --> 00:19:24.710 It is a supplication for their forgiveness. 00:19:24.710 --> 00:19:26.710 The Ummah’s prayer for him 00:19:26.710 --> 00:19:30.710 is a supplication for his increase in proximity and high station. 00:19:30.710 --> 00:19:34.190 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:19:34.190 --> 00:19:36.990 One learns from the hadith 00:19:36.990 --> 00:19:39.990 the clarification of the virtue of the people of the pledge of al-Ridwan. 00:19:39.990 --> 00:19:42.990 It also contains the recommendation to supplicate for the one who gives charity. 00:19:42.990 --> 00:19:48.990 It also contains the permissibility of invoking blessings upon those other than the Prophets, peace be upon them. 00:19:48.990 --> 00:19:54.289 Chapter: Regarding the fifth of buried treasure (rikaz). 00:19:54.289 --> 00:19:57.960 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:19:58.960 --> 00:20:02.960 that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:20:02.960 --> 00:20:06.059 "The animal is a waste (no liability)." 00:20:06.059 --> 00:20:07.059 In one narration: 00:20:07.059 --> 00:20:09.059 "Its injury is a waste." 00:20:09.059 --> 00:20:11.059 And in one narration: 00:20:11.059 --> 00:20:13.509 "Its damage is a waste." 00:20:13.509 --> 00:20:15.509 "The well is a waste." 00:20:15.509 --> 00:20:17.509 "And the mineral is a waste." 00:20:17.509 --> 00:20:21.119 "And in the rikaz, the fifth." 00:20:21.119 --> 00:20:24.660 Commentary on the hadith: 00:20:24.660 --> 00:20:25.660 "The animal" (al-‘ajma’), 00:20:25.660 --> 00:20:27.660 meaning the beast. 00:20:27.660 --> 00:20:29.660 It is called al-‘ajma’ 00:20:29.660 --> 00:20:31.660 because it cannot speak. 00:20:31.660 --> 00:20:33.690 "A waste" (jibar), 00:20:33.690 --> 00:20:34.690 meaning it is exempt from liability (hadar). 00:20:34.690 --> 00:20:36.789 There is no compensation for it. 00:20:36.789 --> 00:20:37.789 "The mineral," 00:20:37.789 --> 00:20:39.950 meaning that which is inside the earth. 00:20:39.950 --> 00:20:41.950 "Rikaz," 00:20:41.950 --> 00:20:42.950 the intended meaning here 00:20:42.950 --> 00:20:45.140 is the treasure of the Age of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah). 00:20:45.140 --> 00:20:48.910 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:20:48.910 --> 00:20:50.910 One learns from the hadith 00:20:50.910 --> 00:20:55.910 that if an animal destroys something without negligence from its owner, 00:20:55.910 --> 00:20:57.910 then there is no liability. 00:20:57.910 --> 00:21:04.859 It also indicates that the foundations of financial transactions are established by divine decree (tawqifiyyah). 00:21:04.859 --> 00:21:09.690 Chapter: The Imam marking the camels of charity with his own hand. 00:21:09.690 --> 00:21:12.690 On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:21:12.690 --> 00:21:14.690 When Umm Sulaym gave birth, 00:21:14.690 --> 00:21:16.690 she said to me: 00:21:16.690 --> 00:21:17.690 "O Anas, 00:21:17.690 --> 00:21:19.690 watch this boy, 00:21:19.690 --> 00:21:21.690 and do not let him consume anything 00:21:21.690 --> 00:21:27.690 until you take him to the Prophet, peace be upon him, so he may perform tahnik (chewing a date and rubbing it on the infant's palate) for him." 00:21:27.690 --> 00:21:29.690 So I took him, 00:21:29.690 --> 00:21:30.690 in one narration: 00:21:30.690 --> 00:21:33.690 ‘Abdullah Ibn Abi Talhah, 00:21:33.690 --> 00:21:35.690 and he was in a garden. 00:21:35.690 --> 00:21:37.690 In one narration: 00:21:37.690 --> 00:21:39.759 In a livestock enclosure. 00:21:39.759 --> 00:21:42.759 He was wearing a black, square, patterned cloak (khamisah). 00:21:42.759 --> 00:21:46.759 He was marking the camels that had arrived during the Conquest. 00:21:46.759 --> 00:21:48.980 In one narration: 00:21:48.980 --> 00:21:50.980 He was marking the camels of charity. 00:21:50.980 --> 00:21:52.980 And in one narration: 00:21:52.980 --> 00:21:57.519 I saw him marking a sheep on its ears. 00:21:57.519 --> 00:21:59.519 Commentary on the hadith: 00:21:59.519 --> 00:22:02.069 "Watch this boy," 00:22:02.069 --> 00:22:04.099 meaning guard him. 00:22:04.099 --> 00:22:06.099 "Do not let him consume anything," 00:22:06.099 --> 00:22:08.130 meaning of food. 00:22:08.130 --> 00:22:09.130 "Take him," 00:22:09.130 --> 00:22:11.130 meaning go with him. 00:22:11.130 --> 00:22:12.130 "Perform tahnik for him," 00:22:12.130 --> 00:22:15.130 meaning to rub the palate of the newborn 00:22:15.130 --> 00:22:18.130 with a chewed date or similar. 00:22:18.130 --> 00:22:20.200 "He was in a garden," 00:22:20.200 --> 00:22:22.200 the garden meaning the orchard. 00:22:22.200 --> 00:22:24.200 "And he was wearing a khamisah," 00:22:24.200 --> 00:22:28.200 the khamisah is a black, square, patterned garment. 00:22:29.319 --> 00:22:30.319 "Harithiyyah," 00:22:30.319 --> 00:22:32.319 attributed to Harith, 00:22:32.319 --> 00:22:34.319 a man from the tribe of Quda'ah. 00:22:34.319 --> 00:22:36.420 "And he was marking," 00:22:36.420 --> 00:22:37.420 the mark (wasm) 00:22:37.420 --> 00:22:39.420 is an effect made by a sign, 00:22:39.420 --> 00:22:42.420 such as branding or cutting an ear. 00:22:42.420 --> 00:22:43.420 "The camels" (al-zahr), 00:22:43.420 --> 00:22:45.420 the intended meaning is camels. 00:22:45.420 --> 00:22:47.420 They were named as such 00:22:47.420 --> 00:22:50.420 because they carry burdens on their backs. 00:22:50.420 --> 00:22:53.799 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:22:53.799 --> 00:22:56.920 One learns from the hadith 00:22:56.920 --> 00:22:59.920 the recommendation of taking a newborn to a righteous person 00:22:59.920 --> 00:23:02.920 for tahnik and supplication for him. 00:23:02.920 --> 00:23:07.019 It also contains the permissibility of branding animals out of necessity. 00:23:07.019 --> 00:23:09.019 It also shows that it is upon the Imam 00:23:09.019 --> 00:23:11.019 to take care of charity funds 00:23:11.019 --> 00:23:13.019 and manage them personally. 00:23:13.019 --> 00:23:17.079 The hadith also contains the permissibility of performing manual labor 00:23:17.079 --> 00:23:19.079 out of a desire to increase one's reward 00:23:19.079 --> 00:23:21.079 and to negate arrogance. 00:23:21.079 --> 00:23:27.279 Chapters on Zakat al-Fitr. 00:23:27.279 --> 00:23:31.359 Chapter: The obligation of Zakat al-Fitr. 00:23:31.359 --> 00:23:36.039 On the authority of Ibn ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:23:36.039 --> 00:23:40.039 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, obligated 00:23:40.039 --> 00:23:42.039 Zakat al-Fitr, 00:23:42.039 --> 00:23:44.039 a sa‘ of dates 00:23:44.039 --> 00:23:46.039 or a sa‘ of barley, 00:23:46.039 --> 00:23:48.039 upon the slave and the free, 00:23:48.039 --> 00:23:50.039 the male and the female, 00:23:50.039 --> 00:23:53.039 and the young and the old among the Muslims. 00:23:53.039 --> 00:23:58.039 He commanded that it be paid before the people go out to the prayer. 00:23:58.039 --> 00:24:01.710 Commentary on the hadith: 00:24:01.710 --> 00:24:04.119 "A sa‘," 00:24:04.119 --> 00:24:06.119 the sa‘ is four mudds. 00:24:06.119 --> 00:24:10.119 It is equivalent to approximately 2.5 kilograms. 00:24:10.119 --> 00:24:14.380 "He commanded it," meaning Zakat al-Fitr, 00:24:14.380 --> 00:24:17.380 "that it be paid," meaning that it be distributed, 00:24:17.380 --> 00:24:20.380 "to the prayer," meaning the Eid prayer. 00:24:20.380 --> 00:24:23.829 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:24:23.829 --> 00:24:26.660 One learns from the hadith 00:24:26.660 --> 00:24:31.660 that the amount of Zakat al-Fitr is a sa‘ of the local staple food. 00:24:31.660 --> 00:24:37.660 The hadith also indicates that the amount and timing of Zakat al-Fitr are matters of divine decree. 00:24:37.660 --> 00:24:41.640 Chapter: 00:24:41.640 --> 00:24:45.380 Zakat al-Fitr is a sa‘ of barley. 00:24:45.380 --> 00:24:49.410 On the authority of Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:24:49.410 --> 00:24:54.410 We used to give it during the time of the Prophet, peace be upon him. 00:24:54.410 --> 00:24:56.480 In one narration: 00:24:56.480 --> 00:25:02.480 We used to give it out during the era of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, on the day of Fitr, 00:25:02.480 --> 00:25:04.480 or a sa‘ of food, 00:25:04.480 --> 00:25:06.480 or a sa‘ of dates, 00:25:06.480 --> 00:25:08.480 or a sa‘ of barley. 00:25:08.480 --> 00:25:10.480 In one narration: 00:25:10.480 --> 00:25:12.640 Or a sa‘ of dried yogurt (aqt), 00:25:12.640 --> 00:25:14.640 or a sa‘ of raisins. 00:25:14.640 --> 00:25:16.700 In one narration: 00:25:16.700 --> 00:25:18.700 Abu Sa‘id said: 00:25:18.700 --> 00:25:24.019 Our food was barley, raisins, dried yogurt, and dates. 00:25:24.019 --> 00:25:28.019 When Mu‘awiyah came and wheat (samra’) arrived, 00:25:28.019 --> 00:25:33.849 he said: "I see that a mudd of this is equivalent to two mudds." 00:25:33.849 --> 00:25:37.430 Commentary on the hadith: 00:25:37.430 --> 00:25:41.430 "We used to give it," meaning we used to distribute Zakat al-Fitr, 00:25:41.430 --> 00:25:45.430 "in the time of the Prophet, peace be upon him," 00:25:45.430 --> 00:25:49.430 meaning during the era of the Prophet, peace be upon him. 00:25:49.430 --> 00:25:53.430 "And wheat arrived," meaning the wheat of al-Sham. 00:25:53.430 --> 00:25:55.430 "I see a mudd," 00:25:55.430 --> 00:25:59.430 the mudd is the amount a person can hold in their two hands. 00:25:59.430 --> 00:26:04.430 It is equivalent to approximately 625 grams. 00:26:04.430 --> 00:26:11.910 "Aqt" is dried, hard, solidified milk used in cooking. 00:26:11.910 --> 00:26:15.769 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:26:15.769 --> 00:26:18.769 One learns from the hadith that the statement of a Companion: 00:26:18.769 --> 00:26:22.769 "We were in the time of the Prophet, peace be upon him," 00:26:22.769 --> 00:26:24.769 has the status of a marfu‘ (attributed to the Prophet) hadith, 00:26:24.769 --> 00:26:27.769 especially in matters that cannot be reached through personal opinion. 00:26:27.769 --> 00:26:31.900 The hadith also contains an indication regarding the valuation of zakat. 00:26:31.900 --> 00:26:35.900 It also shows the ijtihad (legal reasoning) of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, regarding the text. 00:26:35.900 --> 00:26:41.900 It also clarifies the etiquette of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, in matters of disagreement. 00:26:41.900 --> 00:26:47.759 Chapter: Zakat al-Fitr is a sa‘ of dates. 00:26:47.759 --> 00:26:50.329 On the authority of Nafi‘, 00:26:50.329 --> 00:26:53.329 from Ibn ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:26:53.329 --> 00:26:58.329 The Prophet, peace be upon him, obligated Zakat al-Fitr, 00:26:58.329 --> 00:27:00.329 or he said Ramadan, 00:27:00.329 --> 00:27:02.329 upon the male and the female, 00:27:02.329 --> 00:27:04.329 and the free and the slave, 00:27:04.329 --> 00:27:06.329 a sa‘ of dates 00:27:06.329 --> 00:27:08.329 or a sa‘ of barley. 00:27:08.329 --> 00:27:12.329 So the people equated it to half a sa‘ of wheat. 00:27:12.329 --> 00:27:14.400 In one narration: 00:27:14.400 --> 00:27:16.400 ‘Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 00:27:16.400 --> 00:27:20.400 The people made its equivalent two mudds of wheat. 00:27:20.400 --> 00:27:25.619 Ibn ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, used to give dates. 00:27:25.619 --> 00:27:28.619 When dates became scarce for the people of Medina, 00:27:28.619 --> 00:27:30.619 he gave barley. 00:27:30.619 --> 00:27:34.619 Ibn ‘Umar used to give it on behalf of the young and the old, 00:27:34.619 --> 00:27:38.680 to the extent that he would even give it on behalf of my children. 00:27:38.680 --> 00:27:43.680 Ibn ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, used to give it to those who accepted it. 00:27:43.680 --> 00:27:48.680 They used to give it a day or two before Fitr. 00:27:48.680 --> 00:27:52.230 Commentary on the hadith: 00:27:52.230 --> 00:27:54.799 "So the people equated it," 00:27:54.799 --> 00:27:58.799 meaning Mu‘awiyah, may Allah be pleased with him, and those with him, 00:27:58.799 --> 00:28:02.799 valued the sa‘ of dates and barley by what is equivalent to it in wheat. 00:28:02.799 --> 00:28:06.029 "Of wheat," meaning of grain. 00:28:06.029 --> 00:28:09.160 "When dates became scarce for the people of Medina," 00:28:09.160 --> 00:28:12.160 meaning they were in need of dates and could not find them. 00:28:12.160 --> 00:28:15.250 "He gave it to those who accepted it," 00:28:15.250 --> 00:28:19.250 meaning he gave it to those appointed by the Imam to collect zakat. 00:28:19.250 --> 00:28:24.250 It is also said he gave it to those who said, "I am poor." 00:28:24.250 --> 00:28:29.279 "They used to give," meaning the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them. 00:28:29.279 --> 00:28:33.559 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:28:33.559 --> 00:28:37.559 The hadith indicates the legitimacy of assessing the value of zakat. 00:28:37.559 --> 00:28:40.559 This was the practice of Mu'awiyah, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:28:40.559 --> 00:28:45.559 It also establishes the permissibility of paying sadaqat al-fitr a day or two in advance. 00:28:45.559 --> 00:28:49.559 It further demonstrates that hardship and necessity bring about ease. 00:28:49.559 --> 00:28:56.559 It shows that the statements of the Tabi'un were often based upon the actions of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them. 00:28:56.559 --> 00:29:01.599 The hadith also implies that whoever declares themselves to be in need may accept zakat. 00:29:01.599 --> 00:29:05.599 They are to be given it without being questioned about the reality of their poverty.