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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

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A Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

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Authored by Sheikh Musa bin Rashid al-Azimi.

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May Allah preserve him.

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The Change of the Qibla.

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The Qibla was changed from Bayt al-Maqdis to the Sacred Mosque (al-Masjid al-Haram).

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This occurred in the middle of Rajab in the second year after the Hijrah.

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Allah then revealed:

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“We have seen the turning of thy face to heaven (for guidance, O Muhammad). And now verily We shall make thee turn (in prayer) toward a qiblah which is dear to thee. So turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship, and ye (O Muslims), wheresoever ye may be, turn your faces (when ye pray) toward it. Lo! Those who have received the Scripture know that (this revelation) is the Truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do.” (2:144)

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"We will surely turn you to a qibla that will please you."

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"So turn your face toward the Sacred Mosque."

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"And wherever you [believers] are, turn your faces toward it."

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“We have seen the turning of thy face to heaven (for guidance, O Muhammad). And now verily We shall make thee turn (in prayer) toward a qiblah which is dear to thee. So turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship, and ye (O Muslims), wheresoever ye may be, turn your faces (when ye pray) toward it. Lo! Those who have received the Scripture know that (this revelation) is the Truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do.” (2:144)

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"And Allah is not unaware of what they do."

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Imam al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded in their respective Sahih collections:

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On the authority of al-Bara' Ibn 'Azib, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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"We prayed with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,"

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"facing Bayt al-Maqdis"

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"for sixteen or seventeen months,"

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"then we were turned toward the Ka'bah."

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Al-Hakim also recorded in al-Mustadrak with a hasan (sound) chain:

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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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"The first thing to be abrogated in the Qur'an, as far as we have been informed,"

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"was the matter of the Qibla. Allah said:"

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"To Allah belong the east and the west."

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"So wherever you turn, there is the Face of Allah."

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“Unto Allah belong the East and the West, and whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance. Lo! Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.” (2:115)

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had been

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praying toward Bayt al-Maqdis,

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and had left the Ancient House (the Ka'bah).

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He said:

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“The foolish of the people will say: What hath turned them from the qiblah which they formerly observed? Say: Unto Allah belong the East and the West. He guideth whom He will unto a straight path.” (2:142)

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“The foolish of the people will say: What hath turned them from the qiblah which they formerly observed? Say: Unto Allah belong the East and the West. He guideth whom He will unto a straight path.” (2:142)

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referring to Bayt al-Maqdis.

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So He abrogated it, and Allah turned him toward the Ancient House.

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He said:

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"And from wherever you go out, turn your face toward the Sacred Mosque."

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"And wherever you are, turn your faces toward it."

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Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said regarding the words of the Almighty:

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"And wherever you are, turn your faces toward it."

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He said:

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"This indicates the command to face it in any place one happens to be."

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"The Almighty did not restrict the departure to a specific destination,"

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"but rather made its destination absolute, just as He generalized its starting point."

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"So from wherever one departs, to whatever destination one goes,"

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"whether for prayer, military expedition, Hajj, or otherwise,"

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"one is commanded to face the Sacred Mosque,"

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"both he and the Ummah."

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"And in whatever spot on earth they may be,"

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"he and the Ummah are commanded to face it."

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"Thus, the two verses encompass all the states of the Ummah:"

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"in the beginning of their movement from wherever they depart,"

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"in its destination to wherever they arrive,"

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"and in their state of settlement wherever they may be."

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"This signifies the generality of the command"

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"to face it in the three states from which a servant is never free."

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Imam al-Suhayli said:

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"The Creator, the Almighty, repeated the command"

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"to turn toward the Sacred House in three verses,"

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"because those who denied the change of the Qibla"

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"consisted of three categories of people:"

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"First, the Jews,"

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"because they do not believe in abrogation as a principle of their creed."

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"Second, the people of doubt and hypocrisy,"

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"whose denial of it was intense,"

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"because it was the first abrogation to be revealed."

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"Third,"

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"the disbelievers of Quraysh,"

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"because they said:"

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"'Muhammad has regretted leaving our religion,'"

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"'so he will return to it just as he returned to our Qibla.'"

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The fasting of the month of Ramadan was made obligatory

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in the second year after the Hijrah.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, passed away

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having fasted nine Ramadans.

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Allah the Almighty said:

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"O you who have believed,"

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"fasting is prescribed for you,"

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“O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, even as it was prescribed for those before you, that ye may ward off (evil);” (2:183)

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“O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, even as it was prescribed for those before you, that ye may ward off (evil);” (2:183)

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"that you may become righteous."

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It was the guidance of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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in the month of Ramadan

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to increase in all types of acts of worship.

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Gabriel used to study the Qur'an with him during Ramadan.

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And when he met Gabriel,

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he was more generous in doing good than a sent wind.

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He was the most generous of people,

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and he was at his most generous during Ramadan,

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increasing his charity, benevolence,

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recitation of the Qur'an,

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prayer, remembrance, and i'tikaf (seclusion in the mosque).

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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said:

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"Allah the Almighty says,"

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"addressing the believers of this Ummah,"

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"and commanding them to fast,"

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"which is to abstain from food, drink, and sexual intercourse,"

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"with a sincere intention for Allah, the Mighty and Majestic,"

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"due to the purification and cleansing of the soul it provides,"

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"and its refinement from base traits"

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"and ignoble characteristics."

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A Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

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If the longing of the worlds for one another grows long,

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the longing for you is of an extent that cannot be encompassed.

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May Allah send blessings upon you as long as the call to prayer is raised,

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and your lips move with the remainder.