WEBVTT 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:03.439 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.439 --> 00:00:06.370 The Ifadah Center 00:00:06.370 --> 00:00:09.570 for Human Studies and Research 00:00:09.570 --> 00:00:10.849 presents: 00:00:10.849 --> 00:00:16.250 A Summary of Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:16.250 --> 00:00:20.410 Chapter: Encouraging Archery. 00:00:20.410 --> 00:00:24.940 On the authority of Salamah ibn al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:00:24.940 --> 00:00:31.140 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) passed by a group of the Aslam tribe who were competing in target shooting. 00:00:31.460 --> 00:00:34.859 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:00:34.859 --> 00:00:40.259 "Shoot, O sons of Ishmael, for your father was an archer! 00:00:40.259 --> 00:00:43.859 Shoot, and I am with such-and-such a team." 00:00:43.859 --> 00:00:48.460 He said: Upon hearing this, one of the two teams stopped shooting. 00:00:48.460 --> 00:00:52.140 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) asked: 00:00:52.140 --> 00:00:54.340 "What is the matter with you? Why are you not shooting?" 00:00:54.340 --> 00:00:58.259 They replied, "How can we shoot when you are with them?" 00:00:58.259 --> 00:01:01.420 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:01:01.420 --> 00:01:06.060 "Shoot! I am with all of you." 00:01:06.060 --> 00:01:09.450 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:01:09.450 --> 00:01:12.209 "Encouraging" means urging and inspiring. 00:01:12.209 --> 00:01:16.439 "Competing in target shooting" means racing against one another in archery. 00:01:16.439 --> 00:01:19.439 "One of the two teams stopped shooting" 00:01:19.439 --> 00:01:23.299 means they refrained and held back from shooting. 00:01:23.299 --> 00:01:26.780 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:01:26.780 --> 00:01:28.780 Among the lessons drawn from this hadith: 00:01:28.780 --> 00:01:32.180 The term "father" can be applied to a grandfather, no matter how far back the lineage goes. 00:01:32.180 --> 00:01:35.620 It establishes the permissibility of holding archery competitions. 00:01:35.620 --> 00:01:39.579 It highlights the command to learn horsemanship and martial skills and the encouragement toward them, 00:01:39.579 --> 00:01:44.120 especially archery. 00:01:44.120 --> 00:01:47.719 On the authority of Abu Usaid (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:01:47.719 --> 00:01:52.560 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to us on the day of Badr, 00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:53.920 and in another narration: 00:01:53.920 --> 00:01:57.560 when we lined up against Quraysh and they lined up against us: 00:01:57.560 --> 00:01:59.439 "If they draw near to you—" 00:01:59.480 --> 00:02:01.480 meaning, if they come close to you in large numbers— 00:02:01.480 --> 00:02:02.879 "—then shoot at them, 00:02:02.879 --> 00:02:06.019 but conserve your arrows." 00:02:06.019 --> 00:02:09.159 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:02:09.159 --> 00:02:10.879 "If they draw near to you" 00:02:10.879 --> 00:02:14.319 means if they approach and come close to you. 00:02:14.319 --> 00:02:16.280 "Conserve your arrows" 00:02:16.280 --> 00:02:18.800 means do not shoot at them while they are still far away, 00:02:18.800 --> 00:02:21.639 as that would waste arrows unnecessarily. 00:02:21.639 --> 00:02:25.219 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:02:25.219 --> 00:02:27.139 Among the lessons drawn from this hadith: 00:02:27.139 --> 00:02:30.699 Guidance on effective tactical planning in warfare. 00:02:30.740 --> 00:02:34.740 The hadith contains an indication that wasting resources is disliked. 00:02:37.240 --> 00:02:40.780 Chapter: Playing with Spears and Similar Weapons. 00:02:40.780 --> 00:02:44.300 On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:02:44.300 --> 00:02:50.180 While some Abyssinians were playing with their spears in the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:02:50.180 --> 00:02:51.699 'Umar entered, 00:02:51.699 --> 00:02:55.259 reached down for some pebbles, and threw them at the Abyssinians. 00:02:55.259 --> 00:02:56.539 But the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:02:56.539 --> 00:02:59.349 "Leave them be, O 'Umar!" 00:02:59.349 --> 00:03:02.680 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:03:02.719 --> 00:03:06.960 "Abyssinians" refers to a well-known ethnic group from East Africa. 00:03:06.960 --> 00:03:09.599 "Reached down" means he reached out with the intention of grabbing pebbles. 00:03:09.599 --> 00:03:13.909 "Threw them" means he pelted them with pebbles. 00:03:13.909 --> 00:03:17.460 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:03:17.460 --> 00:03:19.379 Among the lessons drawn from this hadith: 00:03:19.379 --> 00:03:21.740 The permissibility of weapon play with spears, 00:03:21.740 --> 00:03:25.340 so that it serves as training and preparation for facing the enemy. 00:03:25.340 --> 00:03:27.939 If a person makes an independent judgment based on interpretation and commits an error, 00:03:27.939 --> 00:03:29.699 no blame attaches to him, 00:03:29.699 --> 00:03:31.900 because the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:03:31.939 --> 00:03:34.340 did not censure 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:03:34.340 --> 00:03:36.819 since he had acted out of a well-intentioned interpretation. 00:03:36.819 --> 00:03:40.699 The hadith indicates that one should not rush to denounce an action 00:03:40.699 --> 00:03:45.180 until the religious ruling regarding it is clearly known. 00:03:45.180 --> 00:03:46.580 Chapter: The Shield, 00:03:46.580 --> 00:03:50.460 and using a companion's shield for protection. 00:03:50.460 --> 00:03:53.419 On the authority of 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:03:53.419 --> 00:03:55.379 The properties of Banu al-Nadir were 00:03:55.379 --> 00:04:00.099 among the spoils that Allah bestowed upon His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:04:00.139 --> 00:04:04.860 without the Muslims having to spur horses or riding-camels against them. 00:04:04.860 --> 00:04:09.659 Thus, they belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:04:09.659 --> 00:04:13.340 He would allocate from them a year's provision for his family, 00:04:13.340 --> 00:04:19.860 and whatever remained he would devote to arms and horses as equipment for the cause of Allah. 00:04:19.860 --> 00:04:23.240 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:04:23.240 --> 00:04:28.079 "The shield" is a protective weapon that conceals and covers its bearer. 00:04:28.079 --> 00:04:29.720 "Bestowed as spoils" 00:04:29.720 --> 00:04:34.800 refers to wealth obtained by Muslims from disbelievers without actual fighting. 00:04:34.800 --> 00:04:36.160 "Without spurring" 00:04:36.160 --> 00:04:39.259 means they did not have to make strenuous exertion or effort to acquire it. 00:04:39.259 --> 00:04:40.500 "Riding-camels" 00:04:40.500 --> 00:04:42.930 refers specifically to camels used for riding. 00:04:42.930 --> 00:04:44.730 "A year's provision" 00:04:44.730 --> 00:04:47.470 means sufficient living expenses for a full year. 00:04:47.470 --> 00:04:48.750 "Horses" 00:04:48.750 --> 00:04:50.949 refers specifically to horses used in war. 00:04:50.949 --> 00:04:51.949 "Equipment" 00:04:51.949 --> 00:04:54.290 means preparation and military readiness. 00:04:54.290 --> 00:04:57.730 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:04:57.730 --> 00:04:59.769 Among the lessons drawn from this hadith: 00:04:59.810 --> 00:05:03.810 The permissibility of setting aside a full year's living expenses in advance. 00:05:03.810 --> 00:05:12.170 Taking worldly means does not contradict reliance upon Allah, the Mighty and Sublime. 00:05:12.170 --> 00:05:15.449 On the authority of 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:05:15.449 --> 00:05:20.769 I never heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) invoke both his parents for anyone 00:05:20.769 --> 00:05:23.329 except for Sa'd ibn Malik. 00:05:23.329 --> 00:05:26.569 For I heard him say on the day of Uhud: 00:05:26.569 --> 00:05:28.250 "Shoot, O Sa'd! 00:05:28.250 --> 00:05:31.550 May my father and mother be ransomed for you!" 00:05:31.589 --> 00:05:34.810 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:05:34.810 --> 00:05:36.370 "Sa'd ibn Malik" 00:05:36.370 --> 00:05:40.050 refers to Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:05:40.050 --> 00:05:42.769 "Shoot! May my father and mother be ransomed for you!" 00:05:42.769 --> 00:05:45.850 Offering one's parents as a ransom in speech is an expression of affection, honor, and deep affection, 00:05:45.850 --> 00:05:48.949 and an indication of the Prophet's love for him. 00:05:48.949 --> 00:05:52.389 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:05:52.389 --> 00:05:56.990 The hadith highlights a great merit of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:05:56.990 --> 00:06:01.949 as the Prophet (peace be upon him) offered his own parents as a ransom for him. 00:06:01.949 --> 00:06:07.610 It contains an encouragement toward archery and an explanation of its virtue. 00:06:07.610 --> 00:06:11.860 Chapter: What Has Been Said Regarding the Adornment of Swords. 00:06:11.860 --> 00:06:14.180 On the authority of Abu Umamah, who said: 00:06:14.180 --> 00:06:16.660 A people achieved great victories 00:06:16.660 --> 00:06:20.899 whose swords were not adorned with gold or silver, 00:06:20.899 --> 00:06:26.730 but rather their adornments were sinew, lead, and iron. 00:06:26.730 --> 00:06:30.180 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:06:30.180 --> 00:06:33.500 "Adornment" refers to whatever is used for embellishment. 00:06:33.540 --> 00:06:36.420 "Sinew" refers to animal tendons, 00:06:36.420 --> 00:06:38.939 which are taken while moist, bound tightly around the sword hilt, 00:06:38.939 --> 00:06:41.459 and left until they dry. 00:06:41.459 --> 00:06:44.860 "Lead" refers to ordinary lead metal. 00:06:44.860 --> 00:06:48.370 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:06:48.370 --> 00:06:50.410 Among the lessons drawn from this hadith: 00:06:50.410 --> 00:06:56.250 An exposition of the modest means and poverty experienced by the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). 00:06:56.250 --> 00:07:02.060 Guidance to make use of whatever simple means are readily available. 00:07:02.100 --> 00:07:07.740 Chapter: Hanging One's Sword on a Tree During a Midday Rest While Traveling. 00:07:07.740 --> 00:07:11.379 On the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), 00:07:11.379 --> 00:07:17.089 that he participated in a campaign alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) toward Najd. 00:07:17.089 --> 00:07:22.769 When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) returned, Jabir returned with him. 00:07:22.769 --> 00:07:27.129 Midday overtook them in a valley dense with thorny trees, 00:07:27.129 --> 00:07:30.889 so the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) dismounted, 00:07:30.889 --> 00:07:34.879 and the people dispersed to seek shade under the trees. 00:07:34.879 --> 00:07:39.439 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) dismounted beneath an acacia tree 00:07:39.439 --> 00:07:41.680 and hung his sword from it. 00:07:41.680 --> 00:07:43.759 We slept for a short while, 00:07:43.759 --> 00:07:48.160 when suddenly the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was calling us, 00:07:48.160 --> 00:07:50.879 and there was a Bedouin sitting before him. 00:07:50.879 --> 00:07:56.199 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "This man unsheathed my sword against me while I was asleep. 00:07:56.199 --> 00:07:59.800 I woke up to find it drawn in his hand, 00:07:59.800 --> 00:08:03.199 and he asked me: 'Who will protect you from me?' 00:08:03.199 --> 00:08:07.120 I replied: 'Allah!' three times." 00:08:07.120 --> 00:08:10.399 In another narration: The Bedouin then sheathed the sword, 00:08:10.399 --> 00:08:14.050 and the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not punish him, but remained sitting. 00:08:14.050 --> 00:08:17.439 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:08:17.439 --> 00:08:20.879 "Toward" means in the direction of. 00:08:20.879 --> 00:08:23.279 "Returned" means he turned back from the expedition. 00:08:23.279 --> 00:08:26.600 "Midday rest" refers to sleeping during the middle of the day. 00:08:26.600 --> 00:08:30.759 "Thorny trees" refers to large trees with sharp thorns. 00:08:30.759 --> 00:08:34.159 "Acacia tree" is a well-known type of desert tree. 00:08:34.159 --> 00:08:37.960 The Bedouin's name was Ghawrath ibn al-Harith; 00:08:37.960 --> 00:08:41.600 it is also said to be Ghawrak, among other opinions. 00:08:41.600 --> 00:08:44.159 "Unsheathed" means he pulled the sword from its scabbard. 00:08:44.159 --> 00:08:48.480 "Drawn" means brandishing the sword with intent to strike. 00:08:48.480 --> 00:08:52.120 "Sheathed the sword" means he put it back into its scabbard; 00:08:52.120 --> 00:08:54.399 it can also mean drawing a sword, 00:08:54.399 --> 00:08:57.110 making it one of the contronyms in Arabic vocabulary. 00:08:57.110 --> 00:09:00.720 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:09:00.759 --> 00:09:02.720 Among the lessons drawn from this hadith: 00:09:02.720 --> 00:09:06.120 A demonstration of the supreme courage of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:09:06.120 --> 00:09:08.240 and the perfection of his reliance upon Allah. 00:09:08.240 --> 00:09:13.639 A warrior is permitted to sleep and put down his weapon when feeling secure. 00:09:13.639 --> 00:09:20.120 An indication of the permissibility of guarding the leader during midday rest and at other times. 00:09:20.120 --> 00:09:25.909 A leader may choose to forgo punishing someone who acts harshly or threatens him. 00:09:25.909 --> 00:09:31.659 The recommendation of pardoning those who act out of ignorance. 00:09:31.700 --> 00:09:36.139 Chapter: What Has Been Said Regarding the Prophet's Chainmail Coat 00:09:36.139 --> 00:09:39.220 and Shirt During Battle. 00:09:39.220 --> 00:09:42.220 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), 00:09:42.220 --> 00:09:45.259 that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:09:45.259 --> 00:09:48.659 said while inside a dome tent on the day of Badr: 00:09:48.659 --> 00:09:52.820 "O Allah, I beseech You by Your covenant and Your promise! 00:09:52.820 --> 00:09:57.379 O Allah, if You will [our destruction], You will not be worshipped after this day." 00:09:57.379 --> 00:10:00.460 Abu Bakr took him by the hand and said: 00:10:00.460 --> 00:10:02.620 "That is sufficient, O Messenger of Allah! 00:10:02.620 --> 00:10:05.080 You have pressed your entreaty to your Lord." 00:10:05.080 --> 00:10:07.440 The Prophet (peace be upon him) was moving energetically while wearing his chainmail coat, 00:10:07.440 --> 00:10:09.639 and he emerged reciting: 00:10:09.639 --> 00:10:14.299 “The hosts will all be routed and will turn and flee.” (54:45) 00:10:14.299 --> 00:10:17.759 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:10:17.759 --> 00:10:20.720 "In a dome tent" means inside a small hide tent. 00:10:20.720 --> 00:10:23.519 "I beseech You" means I implore You. 00:10:23.519 --> 00:10:26.279 "That is sufficient" means that is enough for you. 00:10:26.279 --> 00:10:29.870 "You have pressed your entreaty" means you have supplicated intensely and at length. 00:10:29.870 --> 00:10:31.789 "Moving energetically while wearing his chainmail coat" 00:10:31.789 --> 00:10:35.059 means he was wearing his chainmail securely and moving with vigor. 00:10:35.059 --> 00:10:38.299 “The hosts will all be routed and will turn and flee.” (54:45) 00:10:38.299 --> 00:10:42.940 That is, Allah Almighty routed the largest enemy host on the day of Badr, 00:10:42.940 --> 00:10:47.299 killing their chief leaders and elders, thereby humiliating them, 00:10:47.299 --> 00:10:52.690 and Allah granted victory to His religion, His Prophet, and His believing party. 00:10:52.690 --> 00:10:56.259 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:10:56.259 --> 00:10:58.299 Among the lessons drawn from this hadith: 00:10:58.340 --> 00:11:02.940 The obligation of turning sincerely to Allah and offering earnest supplication when meeting the enemy. 00:11:02.940 --> 00:11:06.460 The commendability of being persistent in supplication. 00:11:06.460 --> 00:11:12.220 The obligation of employing both material preparation and spiritual means in warfare. 00:11:12.220 --> 00:11:16.179 Complete certainty in the ultimate victory granted by Allah Almighty. 00:11:16.179 --> 00:11:22.919 A demonstration of the excellence and profound understanding of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:11:22.919 --> 00:11:25.899 Chapter: Wearing Silk in Warfare. 00:11:25.899 --> 00:11:28.259 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:11:28.259 --> 00:11:31.419 that 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Auf and al-Zubayr 00:11:31.419 --> 00:11:35.139 complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:11:35.139 --> 00:11:36.899 Namely, lice. 00:11:36.899 --> 00:11:39.649 So he granted the two of them a concession to wear silk. 00:11:39.649 --> 00:11:41.009 In another narration: 00:11:41.009 --> 00:11:43.049 Wearing a shirt of silk, 00:11:43.049 --> 00:11:45.970 Due to an itching condition they suffered from. 00:11:45.970 --> 00:11:49.919 And I saw them wearing it during a military expedition. 00:11:49.919 --> 00:11:53.370 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:11:53.370 --> 00:11:55.649 "So he granted the two of them a concession to wear silk" 00:11:55.649 --> 00:12:00.129 Meaning, he permitted them to wear it due to an ailment and necessity. 00:12:00.129 --> 00:12:03.700 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:12:03.700 --> 00:12:05.740 Among the points learned from the hadith: 00:12:05.740 --> 00:12:09.299 The permissibility of wearing silk due to an ailment or necessity. 00:12:09.299 --> 00:12:13.460 It also indicates that if a person is afflicted with an illness such as severe itching, 00:12:13.460 --> 00:12:16.379 They may wear silk as a medical remedy, 00:12:16.379 --> 00:12:19.620 Whereby the underlying cause for its prohibition no longer applies. 00:12:19.620 --> 00:12:27.019 The hadith further points to the principle that necessity renders prohibited things permissible. 00:12:27.059 --> 00:12:30.490 Chapter: What Has Been Said Regarding Fighting the Byzantines 00:12:30.490 --> 00:12:32.090 On the authority of Umm Haram, 00:12:32.090 --> 00:12:36.889 That she heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: 00:12:36.889 --> 00:12:40.409 "The first army from my Ummah to undertake a naval expedition 00:12:40.409 --> 00:12:42.129 Have assuredly rendered Paradise binding upon themselves." 00:12:42.129 --> 00:12:44.009 Umm Haram said: 00:12:44.009 --> 00:12:45.970 I asked, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:12:45.970 --> 00:12:47.570 Am I among them?" 00:12:47.570 --> 00:12:48.570 He said: 00:12:48.570 --> 00:12:50.409 "You are among them." 00:12:50.409 --> 00:12:54.129 Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:12:54.129 --> 00:12:58.370 "The first army from my Ummah to raid the city of Caesar 00:12:58.370 --> 00:13:00.409 Shall be forgiven." 00:13:00.409 --> 00:13:01.490 I asked: 00:13:01.490 --> 00:13:04.129 "Am I among them, O Messenger of Allah?" 00:13:04.129 --> 00:13:06.389 He replied, "No." 00:13:06.389 --> 00:13:09.909 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:13:09.909 --> 00:13:11.389 "Have assuredly rendered Paradise binding upon themselves" 00:13:11.389 --> 00:13:14.990 Meaning, they have performed an act that merits Paradise for them. 00:13:14.990 --> 00:13:17.870 Umm Haram is the daughter of Milhan, 00:13:17.870 --> 00:13:22.269 And she was an unmarriageable relative (*mahram*) of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:13:22.269 --> 00:13:24.070 "The city of Caesar" 00:13:24.110 --> 00:13:27.179 Refers to Constantinople. 00:13:27.179 --> 00:13:29.980 "I asked, 'Am I among them, O Messenger of Allah?' He replied, 'No.'" 00:13:29.980 --> 00:13:31.419 He replied, "No." 00:13:31.419 --> 00:13:37.830 This indicates that the conquest of Constantinople would occur after the naval expedition. 00:13:37.830 --> 00:13:41.299 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:13:41.299 --> 00:13:43.940 The hadith is among the proofs of prophethood, 00:13:43.940 --> 00:13:46.899 As the naval expedition for military campaign indeed came to pass. 00:13:46.899 --> 00:13:50.840 It also highlights the permissibility of wishing to participate in military expeditions and attain martyrdom. 00:13:50.840 --> 00:13:55.240 Furthermore, the hadith points to the virtue of Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:13:55.279 --> 00:13:56.879 And constitutes a merit attributed to him, 00:13:56.879 --> 00:14:01.820 As he was the first to lead a naval campaign. 00:14:01.820 --> 00:14:05.100 Chapter: Fighting the Jews 00:14:05.100 --> 00:14:08.539 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), 00:14:08.539 --> 00:14:12.740 That the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:14:12.740 --> 00:14:15.100 "You shall fight the Jews," 00:14:15.100 --> 00:14:16.580 In another narration: 00:14:16.580 --> 00:14:18.500 "The Jews shall fight you, 00:14:18.500 --> 00:14:21.019 But you will be given mastery over them, 00:14:21.019 --> 00:14:24.580 To the extent that one of them will hide behind a rock, 00:14:24.580 --> 00:14:25.740 And it will say: 00:14:25.740 --> 00:14:27.620 'O servant of Allah, 00:14:28.460 --> 00:14:30.139 O Muslim, 00:14:30.139 --> 00:14:33.899 Here is a Jew behind me, so come and kill him!'" 00:14:33.899 --> 00:14:37.250 And on the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:14:37.250 --> 00:14:41.409 From the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), who said: 00:14:41.409 --> 00:14:45.690 "The Hour shall not arrive until you fight the Jews, 00:14:45.690 --> 00:14:49.409 Until the rock says, behind which the Jew is hiding: 00:14:49.409 --> 00:14:50.929 'O Muslim, 00:14:50.929 --> 00:14:54.570 Here is a Jew behind me, so come and kill him!'" 00:14:54.570 --> 00:14:58.179 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:14:59.080 --> 00:15:01.120 "Chapter: Fighting the Jews" 00:15:01.120 --> 00:15:04.100 An allusion to their enmity. 00:15:04.100 --> 00:15:07.340 "To the extent that one of them will hide behind a rock" 00:15:07.340 --> 00:15:09.970 Meaning, seeking refuge to avoid being killed. 00:15:09.970 --> 00:15:13.370 "Until the rock says, behind which the Jew is hiding: 'O Muslim, here is a Jew behind me, so come and kill him!'" 00:15:13.370 --> 00:15:17.370 The rock will literally speak in reality. 00:15:17.370 --> 00:15:20.690 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:15:20.690 --> 00:15:24.259 The hadith points to the remaining application 00:15:24.259 --> 00:15:26.539 Of the sacred law of our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:15:26.580 --> 00:15:31.179 For Jesus (peace be upon him) will judge according to it. 00:15:31.179 --> 00:15:34.779 The hadith is also among the signs of prophethood, 00:15:34.779 --> 00:15:37.379 As it foretold future events involving the speech of inanimate objects. 00:15:37.379 --> 00:15:41.419 It also indicates the corruption of the religions of the Jews and Christians. 00:15:41.419 --> 00:15:48.110 Chapter: Fighting the Turks 00:15:48.110 --> 00:15:51.129 On the authority of 'Amr Ibn Taghlib, who said: 00:15:51.129 --> 00:15:53.649 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:15:53.649 --> 00:15:56.970 "Indeed, among the portents of the Hour 00:15:57.009 --> 00:15:59.370 Is that you will fight a people who wear footwear made of hair. 00:15:59.370 --> 00:16:03.970 And indeed, among the portents of the Hour 00:16:03.970 --> 00:16:06.370 Is that you will fight a broad-faced people, 00:16:06.370 --> 00:16:09.769 Whose faces resemble hammered shields." 00:16:09.769 --> 00:16:14.070 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:16:14.070 --> 00:16:17.419 "Among the portents of the Hour" 00:16:17.419 --> 00:16:19.259 Meaning, among the signs of the Day of Resurrection. 00:16:19.259 --> 00:16:22.340 "Who wear footwear made of hair" 00:16:22.340 --> 00:16:24.779 Meaning, they fashion footwear out of animal hair, 00:16:24.779 --> 00:16:27.659 Due to the abundance of snow in their lands. 00:16:27.659 --> 00:16:31.059 "Broad-faced people," meaning wide-faced. 00:16:31.059 --> 00:16:34.559 "Shields (*al-majan*)," plural of *mijan*, meaning a shield. 00:16:34.559 --> 00:16:38.700 "Hammered (*al-mutraqah*)," meaning covered with leather. 00:16:38.700 --> 00:16:43.059 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:16:43.059 --> 00:16:46.759 The hadith is among the signs of prophethood, 00:16:46.759 --> 00:16:49.320 As it foretold a future event that would take place. 00:16:49.320 --> 00:16:52.220 It is said that what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) foretold 00:16:52.220 --> 00:16:56.600 Indeed occurred in the year 617 AH, 00:16:56.600 --> 00:17:01.000 When a vast army emerged from the lands of the Turks, 00:17:01.000 --> 00:17:04.400 Killing and spreading slaughter across the Islamic lands. 00:17:04.400 --> 00:17:10.180 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:17:10.180 --> 00:17:12.859 From the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:17:12.859 --> 00:17:16.759 "The Hour shall not arrive until you fight a people whose footwear is made of hair, 00:17:16.759 --> 00:17:22.259 And until you fight the Turks." 00:17:22.259 --> 00:17:25.089 In another narration: 00:17:25.089 --> 00:17:26.490 "Until you fight non-Arabs from the people of Khuz and Kirman: 00:17:26.490 --> 00:17:31.250 Small-eyed, 00:17:31.250 --> 00:17:33.049 Red-faced, 00:17:33.049 --> 00:17:34.549 Flat-nosed." 00:17:34.549 --> 00:17:36.430 In another narration: 00:17:36.430 --> 00:17:37.789 "Snub-nosed, 00:17:37.789 --> 00:17:39.890 Whose faces resemble hammered shields. 00:17:39.890 --> 00:17:43.789 And you will find the best of people to be those who hate this matter [of leadership] most, 00:17:43.789 --> 00:17:48.690 Until they fall into it. 00:17:48.690 --> 00:17:50.829 And people are like mines of metals; 00:17:50.829 --> 00:17:52.769 The best of them in the pre-Islamic era are the best of them in Islam, 00:17:52.769 --> 00:17:57.289 Provided they gain sound religious understanding (*fipq*)." 00:17:57.289 --> 00:17:58.670 In another narration: 00:17:58.670 --> 00:18:00.529 "If they gain sound religious understanding. 00:18:00.529 --> 00:18:03.730 A time will surely come upon one of you 00:18:03.730 --> 00:18:10.349 When seeing me will be dearer to him than having the equivalent of his family and wealth." 00:18:10.349 --> 00:18:13.599 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:18:13.599 --> 00:18:15.099 "Red-faced" 00:18:15.099 --> 00:18:18.740 Meaning fair-skinned with a reddish complexion. 00:18:18.740 --> 00:18:20.380 "Flat-nosed (*dhalf al-anuf*)" 00:18:20.380 --> 00:18:21.579 *Al-adhlaf* 00:18:21.599 --> 00:18:24.539 Is one with a small nose and a flattened tip, 00:18:24.539 --> 00:18:26.569 Which is synonymous with being snub-nosed (*fatas*). 00:18:26.569 --> 00:18:27.869 "And you will find" 00:18:27.869 --> 00:18:29.670 Meaning, you will encounter. 00:18:29.670 --> 00:18:31.130 "The best of people" 00:18:31.130 --> 00:18:33.130 Meaning, the most virtuous among them. 00:18:33.130 --> 00:18:34.470 "This matter" 00:18:34.470 --> 00:18:36.970 Meaning, leadership and governance. 00:18:36.970 --> 00:18:38.849 "Until they fall into it" 00:18:38.849 --> 00:18:41.980 Meaning, until people compel them to assume it. 00:18:41.980 --> 00:18:43.920 "Khuz and Kirman" 00:18:43.920 --> 00:18:46.880 Are two cities in the land of Persia, 00:18:46.880 --> 00:18:50.269 Both located today in present-day Iran. 00:18:50.309 --> 00:18:53.839 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:18:53.839 --> 00:18:56.000 Among the points learned from the hadith: 00:18:56.000 --> 00:19:00.119 That individuals possessing honor and noble character in the pre-Islamic era, 00:19:00.119 --> 00:19:02.200 When they accept Islam and gain sound religious understanding, 00:19:02.200 --> 00:19:04.400 Become the best of people. 00:19:04.400 --> 00:19:10.799 The hadith also contains an admonition against eager ambition for leadership. 00:19:10.799 --> 00:19:16.160 Chapter: Supplicating Against the Polytheists for Defeat and Destruction 00:19:16.160 --> 00:19:19.279 On the authority of 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:19:19.279 --> 00:19:21.599 On the Day of the Confederates (*Al-Ahzab*), 00:19:21.640 --> 00:19:25.319 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:19:25.319 --> 00:19:29.119 "May Allah fill their houses and graves with fire, 00:19:29.119 --> 00:19:34.200 Just as they distracted us from the middle prayer until the sun set." 00:19:34.200 --> 00:19:38.049 In another narration: "They detained us." 00:19:38.049 --> 00:19:41.440 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:19:41.440 --> 00:19:44.640 "Their houses," meaning while they are alive; 00:19:44.640 --> 00:19:48.519 "And their graves," meaning while they are dead. 00:19:48.519 --> 00:19:51.720 "They distracted us," meaning through engaging us in battle, 00:19:51.720 --> 00:19:56.140 "From the middle prayer," which is the 'Asr prayer. 00:19:56.140 --> 00:19:59.799 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:19:59.799 --> 00:20:03.079 The hadith specifically identifies the middle prayer. 00:20:03.079 --> 00:20:10.349 It also highlights the imperative of maintaining the performance of prayer within its prescribed time. 00:20:10.349 --> 00:20:13.230 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), 00:20:13.230 --> 00:20:18.309 That some Jews came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said: 00:20:18.309 --> 00:20:20.390 "Death be upon you (*As-Samu 'alaykum*)." 00:20:20.390 --> 00:20:22.190 'A'ishah said: 00:20:22.190 --> 00:20:23.390 "Upon you, 00:20:23.390 --> 00:20:25.029 And may Allah curse you 00:20:25.029 --> 00:20:27.549 And send His wrath upon you!" 00:20:27.549 --> 00:20:28.589 He said: 00:20:28.589 --> 00:20:30.670 "Gently, O 'A'ishah! 00:20:30.670 --> 00:20:32.470 You must adhere to gentleness, 00:20:32.470 --> 00:20:35.349 And beware of harshness and vulgarity." 00:20:35.349 --> 00:20:36.789 In another narration: 00:20:36.789 --> 00:20:41.369 "Indeed, Allah is Gentle and loves gentleness in all matters." 00:20:41.369 --> 00:20:42.490 She said: 00:20:42.490 --> 00:20:44.970 "Did you not hear what they said?" 00:20:44.970 --> 00:20:46.009 He replied: 00:20:46.009 --> 00:20:48.490 "Did you not hear what I said? 00:20:48.490 --> 00:20:49.809 In another narration: 00:20:49.809 --> 00:20:52.210 'I said: And upon you.' 00:20:52.210 --> 00:20:54.089 I returned it upon them, 00:20:54.089 --> 00:20:56.210 So my supplication against them will be answered, 00:20:56.210 --> 00:20:59.730 While theirs against me will not be answered." 00:20:59.730 --> 00:21:03.039 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:21:03.039 --> 00:21:05.519 "*As-Sam*" means death. 00:21:05.519 --> 00:21:07.079 "May Allah curse you" 00:21:07.079 --> 00:21:10.240 Meaning, may Allah banish you from His mercy. 00:21:10.240 --> 00:21:12.160 "Gently, O 'A'ishah!" 00:21:12.160 --> 00:21:14.079 Meaning, compose yourself and do not rush. 00:21:14.079 --> 00:21:15.799 "You must adhere to gentleness" 00:21:15.799 --> 00:21:17.799 Meaning, leniency. 00:21:17.799 --> 00:21:19.640 "And beware of harshness" 00:21:19.640 --> 00:21:23.200 Meaning, guard against severity, hardness, and roughness. 00:21:23.240 --> 00:21:24.359 "And vulgarity" 00:21:24.359 --> 00:21:27.160 That is, foul or obscene speech. 00:21:27.160 --> 00:21:30.829 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:21:30.829 --> 00:21:32.789 It is learned from the hadith 00:21:32.789 --> 00:21:36.430 That the People of the Book are not to be initiated with the greeting of peace. 00:21:36.430 --> 00:21:40.589 In it is an indication that the condition of the Jews is built upon treachery and deceit, 00:21:40.589 --> 00:21:46.480 Thus, it is obligatory to be on guard against them in both word and deed. 00:21:46.480 --> 00:21:51.759 Chapter: Supplicating for the Guidance of the Polytheists to Win Their Hearts. 00:21:51.759 --> 00:21:55.200 On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: 00:21:55.240 --> 00:22:01.720 Al-Tufail ibn 'Amr al-Dawsi and his companions came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:22:01.720 --> 00:22:02.960 And they said: 00:22:02.960 --> 00:22:04.759 "O Messenger of Allah! 00:22:04.759 --> 00:22:07.599 Indeed, the tribe of Daws has disobeyed and refused, 00:22:07.599 --> 00:22:10.079 So supplicate to Allah against them." 00:22:10.079 --> 00:22:11.200 Whereupon it was said: 00:22:11.200 --> 00:22:13.160 "Daws is destroyed!" 00:22:13.160 --> 00:22:14.359 But he said: 00:22:14.359 --> 00:22:18.450 "O Allah, guide Daws and bring them [to Islam]." 00:22:18.450 --> 00:22:21.809 Commentary on the hadith: 00:22:21.809 --> 00:22:23.529 "Indeed, Daws"— 00:22:23.569 --> 00:22:27.289 Daws is one of the tribes of Yemen. 00:22:27.289 --> 00:22:28.930 "Disobeyed and refused"— 00:22:28.930 --> 00:22:31.690 Meaning, they did not accept Islam. 00:22:31.690 --> 00:22:35.529 "And bring them," meaning as Muslims. 00:22:35.529 --> 00:22:39.089 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:22:39.089 --> 00:22:41.049 It is learned from the hadith 00:22:41.049 --> 00:22:45.650 The legitimacy of supplicating for the disbelievers in the hope of their guidance. 00:22:45.650 --> 00:22:53.500 In it is a demonstration of the Prophet's mercy (peace be upon him) to all people. 00:22:53.539 --> 00:22:59.380 Chapter: The Prophet's Call of the People to Islam and Prophethood. 00:22:59.380 --> 00:23:05.039 “Say: O People of the Scripture! Come to an agreement between us and you: that we shall worship none but Allah, and that we shall ascribe no partner unto Him, and that none of us shall take others for lords beside Allah. And if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are they who have surrendered (unto Him).” (3:64) 00:23:05.039 --> 00:23:07.920 On the authority of Sahl ibn Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:23:07.920 --> 00:23:13.039 That the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said on the day of Khaybar: 00:23:13.039 --> 00:23:18.440 "Tomorrow I shall surely give this banner to a man at whose hands Allah will grant victory, 00:23:18.440 --> 00:23:20.599 Who loves Allah and His Messenger, 00:23:20.599 --> 00:23:23.480 And whom Allah and His Messenger love." 00:23:23.519 --> 00:23:29.559 He said: The people spent their night debating which of them would be given it. 00:23:29.559 --> 00:23:31.599 When morning came upon the people, 00:23:31.599 --> 00:23:35.119 They went early to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:23:35.119 --> 00:23:38.240 Every one of them hoping to be given it. 00:23:38.240 --> 00:23:42.200 He said: "Where is 'Ali ibn Abi Talib?" 00:23:42.200 --> 00:23:46.759 It was said: "O Messenger of Allah, he is suffering from an ailment in his eyes." 00:23:46.759 --> 00:23:49.480 He said: "Send for him." 00:23:49.480 --> 00:23:50.960 So he was brought, 00:23:51.000 --> 00:23:56.519 And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) spat in his eyes and supplicated for him, 00:23:56.519 --> 00:24:00.440 And he was healed as if he had never had any pain. 00:24:00.440 --> 00:24:02.640 Then he gave him the banner. 00:24:02.640 --> 00:24:04.079 Thereupon 'Ali said: 00:24:04.079 --> 00:24:05.680 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:24:05.680 --> 00:24:09.200 Shall I fight them until they become like us?" 00:24:09.200 --> 00:24:10.440 He replied: 00:24:10.440 --> 00:24:14.759 "Proceed steadily until you alight in their territory, 00:24:14.759 --> 00:24:17.039 Then call them to Islam, 00:24:17.039 --> 00:24:21.440 And inform them of what is obligatory upon them regarding Allah's rights therein. 00:24:21.440 --> 00:24:25.400 For by Allah, if Allah guides a single man through you, 00:24:25.400 --> 00:24:30.359 It is better for you than possessing red camels." 00:24:30.359 --> 00:24:33.869 Commentary on the hadith: 00:24:33.869 --> 00:24:39.430 Chapter: The Prophet's Call of the People to Islam and Prophethood. 00:24:39.430 --> 00:24:43.789 “Say: O People of the Scripture! Come to an agreement between us and you: that we shall worship none but Allah, and that we shall ascribe no partner unto Him, and that none of us shall take others for lords beside Allah. And if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are they who have surrendered (unto Him).” (3:64) 00:24:43.829 --> 00:24:48.470 That is, human beings and all creation are within the realm of servanthood; 00:24:48.470 --> 00:24:52.789 None of them deserves any of the attributes of Lordship, 00:24:52.789 --> 00:24:55.740 Nor any of the characteristics of Divinity. 00:24:55.740 --> 00:24:58.180 "The banner," meaning the flag. 00:24:58.180 --> 00:25:01.660 "Spent their night debating," meaning they engaged in deep discussion regarding it, 00:25:01.660 --> 00:25:05.900 Exchanging views on who among them would be chosen for it. 00:25:05.900 --> 00:25:08.460 "Hoping," meaning wishing for it. 00:25:08.460 --> 00:25:11.859 "Suffering from an ailment in his eyes," meaning conjunctivitis (ophthalmia). 00:25:12.819 --> 00:25:14.460 Meaning: so he was brought forward. 00:25:14.460 --> 00:25:17.180 "Spat," meaning he blew lightly with saliva. 00:25:17.180 --> 00:25:19.819 "Was healed," meaning he was cured. 00:25:19.819 --> 00:25:22.250 "Pain," meaning an affliction. 00:25:22.250 --> 00:25:24.490 "Until they become like us," 00:25:24.490 --> 00:25:28.009 Meaning: until they become Muslims like us. 00:25:28.009 --> 00:25:29.890 "Proceed steadily," 00:25:29.890 --> 00:25:33.759 Meaning: do not rush the matter, and proceed with calmness and gentleness, 00:25:33.759 --> 00:25:36.039 "Until you alight in their territory," 00:25:36.039 --> 00:25:38.200 Meaning: close to them. 00:25:38.200 --> 00:25:40.319 "Then call them to Islam," 00:25:40.440 --> 00:25:42.799 Meaning: the religion of pure monotheism. 00:25:42.799 --> 00:25:46.640 "And inform them of what is obligatory upon them regarding Allah's rights therein," 00:25:46.640 --> 00:25:49.920 Meaning: performing acts of obedience, avoiding acts of disobedience, 00:25:49.920 --> 00:25:52.900 And adhering to Islamic etiquette. 00:25:52.900 --> 00:25:54.339 "Red camels," 00:25:54.339 --> 00:25:58.109 Meaning: the most expensive, precious, and prized of them. 00:25:58.109 --> 00:26:01.839 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:26:01.839 --> 00:26:06.079 The hadith contains signs of prophethood, both verbal and practical. 00:26:06.079 --> 00:26:07.440 As for the verbal signs: 00:26:07.480 --> 00:26:09.960 It is his informing (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:26:09.960 --> 00:26:13.880 That Allah would grant victory at the hands of 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:26:13.880 --> 00:26:15.680 And so it occurred. 00:26:15.680 --> 00:26:17.039 As for the practical signs: 00:26:17.039 --> 00:26:19.839 The spitting of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:26:19.839 --> 00:26:22.799 Into the eyes of 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:26:22.799 --> 00:26:25.490 When he was suffering from conjunctivitis, and he was instantly healed. 00:26:25.490 --> 00:26:29.809 In it is an indication that likening the matters of the Hereafter to the affairs of this world 00:26:29.809 --> 00:26:33.180 Is merely to bring the concepts closer to human understanding. 00:26:33.180 --> 00:26:37.140 In it is a demonstration of the virtue of calling to Allah, Mighty and Majestic. 00:26:37.180 --> 00:26:41.059 In it is the affirmation of giving guidance and direction to servants. 00:26:41.059 --> 00:26:44.980 In it is the permissibility of a person aspiring to noble and lofty matters. 00:26:44.980 --> 00:26:48.980 In it is that the statement of sincere faith (La ilaha illallah) grants sanctity to blood. 00:26:48.980 --> 00:26:53.539 In it is a demonstration of the virtue of 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:26:53.539 --> 00:26:59.650 In it is guidance toward sound management and strategic planning. 00:26:59.650 --> 00:27:03.049 On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: 00:27:03.049 --> 00:27:06.769 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:27:06.769 --> 00:27:12.769 "I have been commanded to fight the people until they say: 'There is no god but Allah.' 00:27:12.769 --> 00:27:16.049 So whoever says: 'There is no god but Allah,' 00:27:16.049 --> 00:27:19.250 Has protected his life and property from me, 00:27:19.250 --> 00:27:24.240 Except by its right, and his reckoning rests with Allah." 00:27:24.240 --> 00:27:27.400 Commentary on the hadith: 00:27:27.400 --> 00:27:30.640 "Protected," meaning safeguarded and secured. 00:27:30.640 --> 00:27:32.720 "And his reckoning rests with Allah," 00:27:32.720 --> 00:27:37.819 Meaning: regarding what he conceals or keeps secret of disbelief and sins. 00:27:37.819 --> 00:27:41.519 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:27:41.519 --> 00:27:45.119 It is learned from the hadith that judgment is based on outward appearances, 00:27:45.119 --> 00:27:47.920 While Allah alone takes charge of the secret intentions. 00:27:47.920 --> 00:27:53.240 In it is that the statement of sincere faith protects blood and safeguards wealth. 00:27:53.240 --> 00:28:00.529 In the hadith is an indication that the execution of legal punishments belongs to the ruler. 00:28:00.529 --> 00:28:04.410 Chapter: One Who Intends a Military Expedition and Conceals It by Mentioning Another, and One Who Prefers Setting Out on Thursday. 00:28:04.410 --> 00:28:08.759 And one who prefers setting out on a Thursday. 00:28:08.799 --> 00:28:11.799 On the authority of Ka'b ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:28:11.799 --> 00:28:14.359 That the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:28:14.359 --> 00:28:17.880 Set out on Thursday for the Expedition of Tabuk, 00:28:17.880 --> 00:28:21.740 And he used to love setting out on Thursdays. 00:28:21.740 --> 00:28:23.180 In another narration: 00:28:23.180 --> 00:28:27.980 Rarely did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) set out 00:28:27.980 --> 00:28:32.710 On a journey except on a Thursday. 00:28:32.710 --> 00:28:36.130 Commentary on the hadith: 00:28:36.130 --> 00:28:39.210 "And he used to love setting out on Thursdays"— 00:28:39.250 --> 00:28:44.759 This is understood as referring to the majority of his journeys (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:28:44.759 --> 00:28:48.400 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:28:48.400 --> 00:28:50.319 It is learned from the hadith 00:28:50.319 --> 00:28:53.200 The desirability of traveling on a Thursday. 00:28:53.200 --> 00:28:56.920 In it is that indirect speech or misdirection is permissible during necessities, 00:28:56.920 --> 00:28:59.440 And in it is a valid alternative to lying.