WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.469 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.469 --> 00:00:07.469 Abridged Book 00:00:07.469 --> 00:00:09.470 Ramadan 00:00:09.470 --> 00:00:11.470 Events and Lessons 00:00:11.470 --> 00:00:15.419 The Battle of Shaqhab 00:00:15.419 --> 00:00:18.769 The Time 00:00:18.769 --> 00:00:20.769 On Saturday 00:00:20.769 --> 00:00:22.769 the second of Ramadan 00:00:22.769 --> 00:00:24.769 in the year seven hundred and two 00:00:24.769 --> 00:00:30.190 Hijri. 00:00:30.190 --> 00:00:32.189 The Battle of Ain Jalut was not 00:00:32.189 --> 00:00:34.189 decisive in eradicating the Tatars 00:00:34.189 --> 00:00:36.189 from the lands of Sham, 00:00:36.189 --> 00:00:38.189 and a lesson for them. 00:00:38.189 --> 00:00:40.189 A military and psychological lesson 00:00:40.189 --> 00:00:42.189 lessened the intensity of their aggression 00:00:42.189 --> 00:00:44.189 and made them reconsider 00:00:44.189 --> 00:00:46.189 and reorganize their affairs 00:00:46.189 --> 00:00:48.189 anew, 00:00:48.189 --> 00:00:50.189 and correct their excessive confidence 00:00:50.189 --> 00:00:52.189 in their strength and numbers. 00:00:52.189 --> 00:00:54.380 Indeed, the Tatars remained, 00:00:54.380 --> 00:00:56.380 wounded from the Battle of Ain Jalut, 00:00:56.380 --> 00:00:58.380 for a period. 00:00:58.380 --> 00:01:00.380 Then they attacked the lands of Sham once again, 00:01:00.380 --> 00:01:02.380 thinking that they 00:01:02.380 --> 00:01:04.379 could this time 00:01:04.379 --> 00:01:06.379 satisfy the Muslims 00:01:06.379 --> 00:01:08.379 and quench their hearts' anger towards them. 00:01:08.379 --> 00:01:10.379 So they prepared a large 00:01:10.379 --> 00:01:12.379 force during the days 00:01:12.379 --> 00:01:14.379 of Ghazan, grandson of Hulegu, 00:01:14.379 --> 00:01:16.379 who sent his commander 00:01:16.379 --> 00:01:18.379 Qutlugh Shah. 00:01:18.379 --> 00:01:20.379 He allied with the Crusaders 00:01:20.379 --> 00:01:22.379 and marched with his army 00:01:22.379 --> 00:01:24.379 into the lands of Islam again. 00:01:24.379 --> 00:01:26.379 So the decisive battle 00:01:26.379 --> 00:01:28.379 occurred at Shaqhab. 00:01:28.379 --> 00:01:31.629 The location of the battle 00:01:31.629 --> 00:01:33.890 and its time. 00:01:33.890 --> 00:01:35.890 This battle is called 00:01:35.890 --> 00:01:37.890 the Battle of Shaqhab 00:01:37.890 --> 00:01:39.890 or Marj al-Saffar, 00:01:39.890 --> 00:01:41.890 because it took place in a location 00:01:41.890 --> 00:01:43.890 called Shaqhab, 00:01:43.890 --> 00:01:45.890 beneath Mount Ghabaqib, 00:01:45.890 --> 00:01:47.890 and it is on the northern side 00:01:47.890 --> 00:01:50.019 Marj al-Saffar 00:01:50.019 --> 00:01:52.019 and Shaqhab, a place near 00:01:52.019 --> 00:01:54.019 Damascus, on the border of 00:01:54.019 --> 00:01:56.019 the Hauran region. 00:01:56.019 --> 00:01:58.019 It is approximately 00:01:58.019 --> 00:02:00.019 37 kilometers from Damascus, 00:02:00.019 --> 00:02:02.109 roughly. 00:02:02.109 --> 00:02:04.109 It began on Saturday, 00:02:04.109 --> 00:02:06.109 the second of Ramadan, 00:02:06.109 --> 00:02:08.110 in the year 700 00:02:08.110 --> 00:02:10.110 Hijri. 00:02:10.110 --> 00:02:12.110 It lasted for three days, 00:02:12.110 --> 00:02:14.110 from the afternoon of Saturday 00:02:14.110 --> 00:02:16.110 until the morning of Monday, 00:02:16.110 --> 00:02:19.460 the fourth of Ramadan. 00:02:19.460 --> 00:02:21.810 Before the battle, 00:02:21.810 --> 00:02:23.810 it was the custom of the Tatars 00:02:23.810 --> 00:02:25.810 to inflict upon the Muslims 00:02:25.810 --> 00:02:27.810 psychological warfare before they reached 00:02:27.810 --> 00:02:29.810 them, 00:02:29.810 --> 00:02:31.810 by sending threats that 00:02:31.810 --> 00:02:33.810 instilled terror in the ranks of the people 00:02:33.810 --> 00:02:35.810 so they would surrender their cities. 00:02:35.810 --> 00:02:37.810 Then the Tatars would advance, 00:02:37.810 --> 00:02:39.810 and whoever fled, fled. 00:02:39.810 --> 00:02:41.810 They would kill and capture, 00:02:41.810 --> 00:02:43.810 and take captive whoever remained, 00:02:43.810 --> 00:02:45.810 and burn whatever was before them, 00:02:45.810 --> 00:02:47.810 green and dry alike. 00:02:47.810 --> 00:02:49.810 This is what instilled 00:02:49.810 --> 00:02:51.810 fear of them in the hearts of the people 00:02:51.810 --> 00:02:53.840 at that time. 00:02:53.840 --> 00:02:55.840 And in this engagement, 00:02:55.840 --> 00:02:57.840 the role of the devoted scholars emerged 00:02:57.840 --> 00:02:59.840 in strengthening the people, 00:02:59.840 --> 00:03:01.840 encouraging them 00:03:01.840 --> 00:03:03.840 and rallying them to fight their enemies. 00:03:03.840 --> 00:03:05.840 Amidst the wave of panic 00:03:05.840 --> 00:03:07.840 that afflicted the people, 00:03:07.840 --> 00:03:09.840 Imam Taqi al-Din 00:03:09.840 --> 00:03:11.840 Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him, 00:03:11.840 --> 00:03:13.840 played a witnessed role 00:03:13.840 --> 00:03:15.840 in dispelling the people's fear 00:03:15.840 --> 00:03:17.840 of the Tatars, and rallying 00:03:17.840 --> 00:03:19.840 their ranks, and mobilizing them 00:03:19.840 --> 00:03:21.840 to the battlefield, 00:03:21.840 --> 00:03:23.840 and engaging in the fight himself. 00:03:23.840 --> 00:03:25.840 He also undertook 00:03:25.840 --> 00:03:27.840 He was tasked with urging the Sultan and the Emirs 00:03:27.840 --> 00:03:29.840 to confront the Tatars 00:03:29.840 --> 00:03:31.840 and promised them victory. 00:03:31.840 --> 00:03:33.840 He swore allegiance to him to that effect. 00:03:33.840 --> 00:03:35.840 Also, 00:03:35.840 --> 00:03:37.840 he had a great stance 00:03:37.840 --> 00:03:39.840 in dispelling doubts about fighting 00:03:39.840 --> 00:03:41.840 these Tatars, 00:03:41.840 --> 00:03:43.840 who were outwardly professing Islam 00:03:43.840 --> 00:03:45.840 falsely and deceitfully, adhering to the law of 00:03:45.840 --> 00:03:47.840 the Yassa. 00:03:47.840 --> 00:03:49.840 And we do not forget the wise fiqh 00:03:49.840 --> 00:03:51.840 in his fatwa to the Islamic army 00:03:51.840 --> 00:03:53.840 regarding the permissibility of breaking the fast in Ramadan 00:03:53.840 --> 00:03:55.840 to strengthen them. 00:03:55.840 --> 00:03:57.840 This was among the great deeds 00:03:57.840 --> 00:03:59.840 that had a significant impact 00:03:59.840 --> 00:04:01.840 in the victory of the Muslims 00:04:01.840 --> 00:04:04.219 at that time. 00:04:04.219 --> 00:04:06.219 This event occurred during the reign of the Caliph 00:04:06.219 --> 00:04:08.219 Al-Mustakfi Billah 00:04:08.219 --> 00:04:10.219 and Sultan Al-Nasir 00:04:10.219 --> 00:04:12.219 Muhammad ibn Qalawun, 00:04:12.219 --> 00:04:14.219 and they were residing in Egypt. 00:04:14.219 --> 00:04:16.220 News had reached them 00:04:16.220 --> 00:04:18.220 of the Tatars' resolve 00:04:18.220 --> 00:04:20.220 to devastate the lands of Sham. 00:04:20.220 --> 00:04:22.220 Al-Nasir answered the call 00:04:22.220 --> 00:04:24.220 and personally attended the battle. 00:04:24.220 --> 00:04:26.379 Ibn Kathir said: 00:04:26.379 --> 00:04:28.379 "On the eighteenth, 00:04:28.379 --> 00:04:30.379 a large contingent arrived 00:04:30.379 --> 00:04:32.379 of the Egyptian army, 00:04:32.379 --> 00:04:34.379 including Emir Rukn al-Din 00:04:34.379 --> 00:04:36.379 Baybars al-Jashankir, 00:04:36.379 --> 00:04:38.379 and Emir Husam al-Din 00:04:38.379 --> 00:04:40.379 Lajin, known as 00:04:40.379 --> 00:04:42.379 Al-Astadar Al-Mansuri, 00:04:42.379 --> 00:04:44.379 and Emir Saif al-Din 00:04:44.379 --> 00:04:46.379 Kiray Al-Mansuri. 00:04:46.379 --> 00:04:48.379 Then another contingent arrived after them, 00:04:48.379 --> 00:04:50.379 including 00:04:50.379 --> 00:04:52.379 Badr al-Din, the Master of Arms, 00:04:52.379 --> 00:04:54.379 and Aybak al-Khazindar. 00:04:54.379 --> 00:04:56.379 This bolstered spirits 00:04:56.379 --> 00:04:58.379 and reassured many people. 00:04:58.379 --> 00:05:00.379 However, the people 00:05:00.379 --> 00:05:02.379 were in a great state of panic 00:05:02.379 --> 00:05:04.379 from the lands of Aleppo, Hama, and Homs 00:05:04.379 --> 00:05:06.379 and those surrounding areas. 00:05:06.379 --> 00:05:08.379 The Aleppine army retreated, 00:05:08.379 --> 00:05:10.379 and the army from Hama [retreated] to Homs. 00:05:10.379 --> 00:05:12.379 Then they feared that they would be surprised 00:05:12.379 --> 00:05:14.379 by the Tatars. 00:05:14.379 --> 00:05:16.379 So they came and encamped in the Marj 00:05:16.379 --> 00:05:18.379 on Sunday, the twenty-fifth of Sha'ban. 00:05:18.379 --> 00:05:20.379 And the Tatars arrived 00:05:20.379 --> 00:05:22.379 at Homs and Baalbek, 00:05:22.379 --> 00:05:24.379 and wrought great corruption in those lands. 00:05:24.379 --> 00:05:26.379 The people were agitated, 00:05:26.379 --> 00:05:28.379 greatly agitated, 00:05:28.379 --> 00:05:30.379 and feared intensely. 00:05:30.379 --> 00:05:32.379 The city was in turmoil 00:05:32.379 --> 00:05:34.379 due to the delay in the Sultan's arrival 00:05:34.379 --> 00:05:36.379 with the rest of the army. 00:05:36.379 --> 00:05:38.379 The people said, 00:05:38.379 --> 00:05:40.379 "The Syrian army has no strength 00:05:40.379 --> 00:05:42.379 with these Egyptians 00:05:42.379 --> 00:05:44.379 to face the Tatars, due to their vast numbers." 00:05:44.379 --> 00:05:46.379 "Their only course of action 00:05:46.379 --> 00:05:48.379 is to retreat from them, stage by stage." 00:05:48.379 --> 00:05:50.379 And people spread rumors. 00:05:50.379 --> 00:05:52.379 So the commanders gathered 00:05:52.379 --> 00:05:54.379 on the aforementioned Sunday 00:05:54.379 --> 00:05:56.379 in the Green Field, 00:05:56.379 --> 00:05:58.379 and pledged to confront the enemy. 00:05:58.379 --> 00:06:00.379 They emboldened themselves, 00:06:00.379 --> 00:06:02.379 and a proclamation was made throughout the city, 00:06:02.379 --> 00:06:04.379 that no one should depart from it. 00:06:04.379 --> 00:06:06.379 So the people settled down. 00:06:06.379 --> 00:06:08.379 The judges sat in the mosque, 00:06:08.379 --> 00:06:10.379 and a group of jurists 00:06:10.379 --> 00:06:12.379 and the common folk swore allegiance to fight. 00:06:12.379 --> 00:06:14.379 And Sheikh 00:06:14.379 --> 00:06:16.379 Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah proceeded 00:06:16.379 --> 00:06:18.379 to the army that had arrived from Hama. 00:06:18.379 --> 00:06:20.379 He met with them in al-Qutayfah, 00:06:20.379 --> 00:06:22.379 and informed them 00:06:22.379 --> 00:06:24.379 of the pact made by 00:06:24.379 --> 00:06:26.379 the commanders and the people to confront the enemy. 00:06:26.379 --> 00:06:28.379 They agreed to this, 00:06:28.379 --> 00:06:30.379 and swore allegiance with them. 00:06:30.379 --> 00:06:32.379 And Sheikh Taqi al-Din 00:06:32.379 --> 00:06:34.379 Ibn Taymiyyah was swearing 00:06:34.379 --> 00:06:36.379 to the commanders and the people, 00:06:36.379 --> 00:06:38.379 "You shall, in this encounter, 00:06:38.379 --> 00:06:40.379 They were victorious over the Tatars. 00:06:40.379 --> 00:06:42.379 The emirs would say to him, 00:06:42.379 --> 00:06:44.379 "Say, 'If Allah wills.'" 00:06:44.379 --> 00:06:46.379 And he would say, "If Allah wills." 00:06:46.379 --> 00:06:48.379 This was a confirmation, not a mere statement. 00:06:50.379 --> 00:06:52.379 He used to interpret in this regard 00:06:52.379 --> 00:06:54.379 certain verses from the Book of Allah, 00:06:54.379 --> 00:06:56.379 including His saying, exalted is He: 00:06:56.379 --> 00:06:58.379 "That is so, for whoever has retaliated 00:06:58.379 --> 00:07:00.379 “That (is so). And whoso hath retaliated with the like of that which he was made to suffer and then hath (again) been wronged, Allah will succour him. Lo! Allah verily is Mild, Forgiving.” (22:60) 00:07:00.379 --> 00:07:02.379 and then transgressed against him 00:07:02.379 --> 00:07:04.379 after that, Allah will surely support him. 00:07:04.379 --> 00:07:06.379 Indeed, Allah is Pardoning 00:07:06.379 --> 00:07:08.699 and Forgiving." 00:07:08.699 --> 00:07:10.699 People have discussed the manner 00:07:10.699 --> 00:07:12.699 of fighting these Tatars, 00:07:12.699 --> 00:07:14.699 in a way that is 00:07:14.699 --> 00:07:16.699 because they profess Islam 00:07:16.699 --> 00:07:18.699 and are not rebels against the ruler. 00:07:18.699 --> 00:07:20.699 For they were not 00:07:20.699 --> 00:07:22.699 in obedience to him at any time 00:07:22.699 --> 00:07:24.740 and then they disobeyed him. 00:07:24.740 --> 00:07:26.740 So Sheikh Taqi al-Din said, 00:07:26.740 --> 00:07:28.740 "These are of the same kind as the Khawarij. 00:07:28.740 --> 00:07:30.740 They believed that they 00:07:30.740 --> 00:07:32.740 were more deserving of authority. 00:07:32.740 --> 00:07:34.740 And these claim that they 00:07:34.740 --> 00:07:36.740 are more deserving of establishing the truth than the Muslims. 00:07:36.740 --> 00:07:38.740 And they criticize 00:07:38.740 --> 00:07:40.740 the Muslims for what they are involved in, 00:07:40.740 --> 00:07:42.740 namely sins and injustice, 00:07:42.740 --> 00:07:44.740 while they themselves are involved 00:07:44.740 --> 00:07:46.740 in something far greater than that, 00:07:46.740 --> 00:07:48.769 many times over. 00:07:48.769 --> 00:07:50.769 So the scholars and the people understood 00:07:50.769 --> 00:07:52.769 this point. 00:07:52.769 --> 00:07:54.769 And he used to say to the people, 00:07:54.769 --> 00:07:56.769 "If you see me on that side, 00:07:56.769 --> 00:07:58.769 with a copy of the Qur'an on my head, 00:07:58.769 --> 00:08:00.769 then kill me." 00:08:00.769 --> 00:08:02.769 So the people were emboldened in fighting the Tatars, 00:08:02.769 --> 00:08:04.769 and their hearts grew stronger, 00:08:04.769 --> 00:08:06.769 and their intentions. 00:08:06.769 --> 00:08:08.930 Praise be to Allah. 00:08:08.930 --> 00:08:10.930 On Wednesday, 00:08:10.930 --> 00:08:12.930 the twenty-eighth of Sha'ban, 00:08:12.930 --> 00:08:14.930 the Syrian armies marched out 00:08:14.930 --> 00:08:16.930 and encamped on the bridges 00:08:16.930 --> 00:08:18.930 on the side of al-Kiswa. 00:08:18.930 --> 00:08:20.930 And the judges were with them. 00:08:20.930 --> 00:08:22.930 So the people became divided into two groups regarding them. 00:08:22.930 --> 00:08:24.930 One group said: 00:08:24.930 --> 00:08:26.930 "They only marched 00:08:26.930 --> 00:08:28.930 to choose a location for the battle. 00:08:28.930 --> 00:08:30.930 For indeed, the place they are heading towards 00:08:30.930 --> 00:08:32.929 has abundant water, 00:08:32.929 --> 00:08:34.929 so they will not be able to fight effectively there." 00:08:34.929 --> 00:08:36.929 And another group said: 00:08:36.929 --> 00:08:38.929 "They only marched in that direction 00:08:38.929 --> 00:08:40.929 to flee and to join 00:08:40.929 --> 00:08:42.929 the Sultan." 00:08:42.929 --> 00:08:44.929 Then, on Thursday night, 00:08:44.929 --> 00:08:46.929 they marched towards the area of 00:08:46.929 --> 00:08:48.929 Al-Kiswa, which strengthened 00:08:48.929 --> 00:08:50.929 people's suspicions of their flight. 00:08:50.929 --> 00:08:52.929 And the Tatars had already reached 00:08:52.929 --> 00:08:54.929 Qara. 00:08:54.929 --> 00:08:56.929 And it was said that they reached 00:08:56.929 --> 00:08:58.929 Al-Qutayfah, causing the people 00:08:58.929 --> 00:09:00.929 great distress. 00:09:00.929 --> 00:09:02.929 And there were no villages left around the city. 00:09:02.929 --> 00:09:04.929 And the citadel was filled, 00:09:04.929 --> 00:09:06.929 and the houses, 00:09:06.929 --> 00:09:08.929 streets, 00:09:08.929 --> 00:09:10.929 and pathways became crowded. 00:09:10.929 --> 00:09:12.929 And the people were agitated. 00:09:12.929 --> 00:09:14.929 Sheikh Taqi al-Din 00:09:14.929 --> 00:09:16.929 Ibn Taymiyyah went out on Thursday morning 00:09:16.929 --> 00:09:18.929 of the aforementioned month 00:09:18.929 --> 00:09:20.929 through the Bab al-Nasr gate with great difficulty. 00:09:20.929 --> 00:09:22.929 A group accompanied him 00:09:22.929 --> 00:09:24.929 to witness the battle himself, 00:09:24.929 --> 00:09:26.929 along with those with him. 00:09:26.929 --> 00:09:28.929 So they thought he was only leaving 00:09:28.929 --> 00:09:30.929 to flee. 00:09:30.929 --> 00:09:32.929 Consequently, he faced blame from some people. 00:09:32.929 --> 00:09:34.929 They said, "You prevented us 00:09:34.929 --> 00:09:36.929 from fleeing, 00:09:36.929 --> 00:09:38.929 and now you yourself are fleeing the city." 00:09:38.929 --> 00:09:40.929 But he did not respond to them. 00:09:40.929 --> 00:09:42.929 And the city was left without 00:09:42.929 --> 00:09:44.929 a ruler. 00:09:44.929 --> 00:09:46.929 Thieves and ruffians began to roam 00:09:46.929 --> 00:09:48.929 through it and the people's gardens, 00:09:48.929 --> 00:09:50.929 destroying and looting 00:09:50.929 --> 00:09:52.929 whatever they could. 00:09:52.929 --> 00:09:54.929 And they were cutting apricots before their season. 00:09:54.929 --> 00:09:56.929 And likewise, the remaining ones who... 00:09:56.929 --> 00:09:58.929 and wheat and barley 00:09:58.929 --> 00:10:00.929 and all other vegetables 00:10:00.929 --> 00:10:02.929 And We place a barrier between people and their desires. 00:10:02.929 --> 00:10:04.929 The report of the army 00:10:04.929 --> 00:10:06.929 The routes to the covering (of the Ka'bah) were cut off. 00:10:06.929 --> 00:10:08.929 And a sense of desolation spread over the land. 00:10:08.929 --> 00:10:10.929 and settled communities 00:10:10.929 --> 00:10:12.929 ...and people have no other concern than 00:10:12.929 --> 00:10:14.929 Ascending to the minarets 00:10:14.929 --> 00:10:16.929 They look right and left. 00:10:16.929 --> 00:10:18.929 And towards the direction of the covering. 00:10:18.929 --> 00:10:20.929 Then they say 00:10:20.929 --> 00:10:22.929 We saw dust 00:10:22.929 --> 00:10:24.929 They fear it might be from the Tatars. 00:10:24.929 --> 00:10:26.929 and they marvel at 00:10:26.929 --> 00:10:28.929 The report of the army, despite its large numbers. 00:10:28.929 --> 00:10:30.929 Where did they go? 00:10:30.929 --> 00:10:32.929 And they do not know what he did. 00:10:32.929 --> 00:10:34.929 Allah, by them. 00:10:34.929 --> 00:10:36.929 And hopes were cut off. 00:10:36.929 --> 00:10:38.929 And the people persisted in supplication. 00:10:38.929 --> 00:10:40.929 and supplication 00:10:40.929 --> 00:10:42.929 And in prayers, and in every state. 00:10:42.929 --> 00:10:44.929 That was on a Thursday. 00:10:44.929 --> 00:10:46.929 The twenty-ninth of Sha'ban. 00:10:46.929 --> 00:10:48.929 And people were in 00:10:48.929 --> 00:10:50.929 Fear and terror beyond description. 00:10:50.929 --> 00:10:52.929 From him (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:10:52.929 --> 00:10:54.929 However, relief from that situation came. 00:10:54.929 --> 00:10:56.929 Soon, but 00:10:56.929 --> 00:10:58.929 They do not know. 00:10:58.929 --> 00:11:00.929 As narrated in the hadith of Abu Razeen. 00:11:00.929 --> 00:11:02.929 Allah is amazed 00:11:02.929 --> 00:11:04.929 ...from despairing of His servants. 00:11:04.929 --> 00:11:06.929 And his jealousy intensified. 00:11:06.929 --> 00:11:08.929 He looks upon you, despairing and dejected. 00:11:08.929 --> 00:11:10.929 He would then continue to laugh. 00:11:10.929 --> 00:11:12.929 He knows that your private parts 00:11:12.929 --> 00:11:15.149 It is near. 00:11:15.149 --> 00:11:17.149 When the end of this day arrived 00:11:17.149 --> 00:11:19.149 The Amir Fakhr al-Din arrived. 00:11:19.149 --> 00:11:21.149 He made me despair of the bequest. 00:11:21.149 --> 00:11:23.149 One of the emirs of Damascus 00:11:23.149 --> 00:11:25.149 So give glad tidings to the people of good. 00:11:25.149 --> 00:11:27.149 This refers to the Sultan having arrived. 00:11:27.149 --> 00:11:29.149 And it has been gathered 00:11:29.149 --> 00:11:31.149 The Egyptian and Syrian armies 00:11:31.149 --> 00:11:33.149 And He sent me 00:11:33.149 --> 00:11:35.149 Reveal whether anyone has approached the city. 00:11:35.149 --> 00:11:37.149 from the Tatars 00:11:37.149 --> 00:11:39.149 He found the matter to be as he wished. 00:11:39.149 --> 00:11:41.149 None of them had knocked on it. 00:11:41.149 --> 00:11:43.149 This is because the Tatars 00:11:43.149 --> 00:11:45.149 They turned back from Damascus towards the region of 00:11:45.149 --> 00:11:47.149 The Egyptian armies 00:11:47.149 --> 00:11:49.149 They did not occupy themselves with the city. 00:11:49.149 --> 00:11:51.149 Rather, they said, "If we are overcome..." 00:11:51.149 --> 00:11:53.149 The land belongs to us. 00:11:53.149 --> 00:11:55.149 and we were overcome 00:11:55.149 --> 00:11:57.220 Therefore, we have no need for it. 00:11:57.220 --> 00:11:59.220 And a call was made throughout the land. 00:11:59.220 --> 00:12:01.220 To comfort hearts. 00:12:01.220 --> 00:12:03.220 And the Sultan has arrived. 00:12:03.220 --> 00:12:05.220 The people were reassured and calmed. 00:12:05.220 --> 00:12:07.220 Their hearts 00:12:07.220 --> 00:12:09.220 The month was confirmed on the night of Friday. 00:12:09.220 --> 00:12:11.220 The judge, Taqi al-Din, 00:12:11.220 --> 00:12:13.220 Al-Hanbali, for the sky 00:12:13.220 --> 00:12:15.220 It was cloudy. 00:12:15.220 --> 00:12:17.220 The lamps were hung. 00:12:17.220 --> 00:12:19.220 And I prayed the Tarawih prayers. 00:12:19.220 --> 00:12:21.220 The people rejoiced at the arrival of the month of Ramadan. 00:12:21.220 --> 00:12:23.220 And the people became on Friday 00:12:23.220 --> 00:12:25.220 in severe distress and fear 00:12:25.220 --> 00:12:27.220 Certainly, because they 00:12:27.220 --> 00:12:29.220 They do not know the news of the people. 00:12:29.220 --> 00:12:31.220 While they were in that state 00:12:31.220 --> 00:12:33.220 When the Amir came 00:12:33.220 --> 00:12:35.220 Sayf al-Din Qurl al-'Adili 00:12:35.220 --> 00:12:37.220 So the deputy of the citadel gathered with us. 00:12:37.220 --> 00:12:39.220 Then he returned quickly. 00:12:39.220 --> 00:12:41.220 and no one understood what 00:12:41.220 --> 00:12:43.220 It was reported by him. 00:12:43.220 --> 00:12:45.220 And people fell into rumors and falsehoods. 00:12:45.220 --> 00:12:47.820 The encounter 00:12:47.820 --> 00:12:49.820 The one who bleeds in Shaqhab. 00:12:49.820 --> 00:12:52.179 The two armies met at Shaqab. 00:12:52.179 --> 00:12:54.179 And it revolved between them 00:12:54.179 --> 00:12:56.179 A fierce battle raged. 00:12:56.179 --> 00:12:58.179 The scale 00:12:58.179 --> 00:13:00.179 at its beginning, for the benefit of the Tatars. 00:13:00.179 --> 00:13:02.179 But the Muslims 00:13:02.179 --> 00:13:04.179 They remained steadfast despite the many casualties. 00:13:04.179 --> 00:13:06.179 until He granted them power 00:13:06.179 --> 00:13:08.179 Allah from the necks of the Tatars. 00:13:08.179 --> 00:13:10.179 During these three days, 00:13:10.179 --> 00:13:12.179 they killed some of them, 00:13:12.179 --> 00:13:14.179 took others captive, and seized whatever spoils they wished. 00:13:14.179 --> 00:13:16.399 For it was reported 00:13:16.399 --> 00:13:18.399 that the Tatars arrived with fifty thousand men, 00:13:18.399 --> 00:13:20.399 led by Qutlugh Shah, the deputy of Ghazan. 00:13:20.399 --> 00:13:22.399 So the army 00:13:22.399 --> 00:13:24.399 donned their armor entirely. 00:13:24.399 --> 00:13:26.399 And they agreed to fight 00:13:26.399 --> 00:13:28.399 the Tatars at Shaqhab, 00:13:28.399 --> 00:13:30.399 beneath Mount Ghabaqib. 00:13:30.399 --> 00:13:32.399 When the arrangements were complete, 00:13:32.399 --> 00:13:34.399 the Tatar divisions advanced, 00:13:34.399 --> 00:13:36.399 like pieces of the night. 00:13:36.399 --> 00:13:38.399 And this was at the time of Dhuhr on 00:13:38.399 --> 00:13:40.399 Saturday, the second of Ramadan 00:13:40.399 --> 00:13:42.399 of that year. 00:13:42.399 --> 00:13:44.399 Qutlugh Shah advanced with those accompanying him, 00:13:44.399 --> 00:13:46.399 from the vanguard. 00:13:46.399 --> 00:13:48.399 They engaged the right flank, 00:13:48.399 --> 00:13:50.399 but the right flank held firm against them, 00:13:50.399 --> 00:13:52.399 and they fought them with the fiercest of battles. 00:13:52.399 --> 00:13:54.399 Then many from the right flank were killed. 00:13:54.399 --> 00:13:56.399 So they were reached 00:13:56.399 --> 00:13:58.399 by the commanders from the center 00:13:58.399 --> 00:14:00.399 and from the left flank, 00:14:00.399 --> 00:14:02.399 and they continued in the fight 00:14:02.399 --> 00:14:04.399 until they repelled the Tatars 00:14:04.399 --> 00:14:06.399 from the Muslims. 00:14:06.399 --> 00:14:08.399 The fighting continued between the Tatars 00:14:08.399 --> 00:14:10.399 and the Muslims until 00:14:10.399 --> 00:14:12.399 each of the two groups 00:14:12.399 --> 00:14:14.399 ceased fighting. 00:14:14.399 --> 00:14:16.399 And he who was with him went up to a mountain 00:14:16.399 --> 00:14:18.399 nearby, 00:14:18.399 --> 00:14:20.399 and ascended it, 00:14:20.399 --> 00:14:22.399 believing in his heart that he had won, 00:14:22.399 --> 00:14:24.399 and that Qutlugh Shah was in pursuit 00:14:24.399 --> 00:14:26.399 of the fleeing Muslims. 00:14:26.399 --> 00:14:28.399 When he ascended the mountain, 00:14:28.399 --> 00:14:30.399 he saw the plain and the rough terrain 00:14:30.399 --> 00:14:32.399 entirely filled with armies, 00:14:32.399 --> 00:14:34.399 and the Sultan's left flank holding firm, 00:14:34.399 --> 00:14:36.399 and its banners fluttering. 00:14:36.399 --> 00:14:38.399 So Qutlugh Shah was astonished 00:14:38.399 --> 00:14:40.399 and bewildered. 00:14:40.399 --> 00:14:42.399 He remained in his place, 00:14:42.399 --> 00:14:44.399 and those who were behind 00:14:44.399 --> 00:14:46.399 the defeated from the Sultan's right flank 00:14:46.399 --> 00:14:48.399 and with them were several 00:14:48.399 --> 00:14:50.399 Muslims who had been 00:14:50.399 --> 00:14:52.399 captured. At that point, 00:14:52.399 --> 00:14:54.399 Qutlūshāh gathered his men 00:14:54.399 --> 00:14:56.399 and consulted them about what 00:14:56.399 --> 00:14:58.399 to do. Then the Sultan's 00:14:58.399 --> 00:15:00.399 kettle drums and trumpets 00:15:00.399 --> 00:15:02.399 advanced, shaking 00:15:02.399 --> 00:15:04.399 the earth and unsettling hearts 00:15:04.399 --> 00:15:06.399 with their sound. 00:15:06.399 --> 00:15:08.399 Būlāy did not stand firm, 00:15:08.399 --> 00:15:10.399 and he departed from Qutlūshāh's direction 00:15:10.399 --> 00:15:12.399 with about twenty thousand 00:15:12.399 --> 00:15:14.399 Tatars. 00:15:14.399 --> 00:15:16.399 He descended from the mountain after sunset, 00:15:16.399 --> 00:15:18.399 and passed by Rabā. 00:15:18.399 --> 00:15:20.399 The Sultan and the rest of 00:15:20.399 --> 00:15:22.399 his armies spent the night on horseback, 00:15:22.399 --> 00:15:24.399 with drums beating. 00:15:24.399 --> 00:15:26.399 Those who had been defeated were pursuing them 00:15:26.399 --> 00:15:28.399 little by little, 00:15:28.399 --> 00:15:30.399 and they were aiming to strike 00:15:30.399 --> 00:15:32.399 the Sultan's drums and trumpets. 00:15:32.399 --> 00:15:34.529 The Sultan's army surrounded the mountain on which 00:15:34.529 --> 00:15:36.529 the Tatars had spent the night. 00:15:36.529 --> 00:15:38.529 Qutlūshāh, along with those with him, 00:15:38.529 --> 00:15:40.529 was making arrangements. 00:15:40.529 --> 00:15:42.529 They descended on foot 00:15:42.529 --> 00:15:44.529 and on horseback and fought 00:15:44.529 --> 00:15:46.529 the armies. 00:15:46.529 --> 00:15:48.529 The Sultan's Mamluks, led by their commanders, 00:15:48.529 --> 00:15:50.529 advanced against Qutlūshāh 00:15:50.529 --> 00:15:52.529 and Jūbān. 00:15:52.529 --> 00:15:54.529 They engaged in a great battle with them, 00:15:54.529 --> 00:15:56.529 sometimes 00:15:56.529 --> 00:15:58.529 shooting arrows at them, 00:15:58.529 --> 00:16:00.529 and at other times confronting them 00:16:00.529 --> 00:16:02.529 with lances. 00:16:02.529 --> 00:16:04.529 The emirs also engaged 00:16:04.529 --> 00:16:06.529 in fighting those in their sector, 00:16:06.529 --> 00:16:08.529 taking turns in the battle, 00:16:08.529 --> 00:16:10.529 one emir after another. 00:16:10.529 --> 00:16:12.529 The Sultan's Mamluks persisted 00:16:12.529 --> 00:16:14.529 in the fight, 00:16:14.529 --> 00:16:16.529 and on that day they displayed 00:16:16.529 --> 00:16:18.529 a level of courage and horsemanship 00:16:18.529 --> 00:16:20.529 that cannot be described, 00:16:20.529 --> 00:16:22.529 So much so that some of them were killed beneath it. 00:16:22.529 --> 00:16:24.529 The three types of horses 00:16:24.529 --> 00:16:26.529 And the rulers did not adorn themselves with that. 00:16:26.529 --> 00:16:28.529 Until Sunday noon. 00:16:28.529 --> 00:16:30.529 Qutluh Shah ascended. 00:16:30.529 --> 00:16:32.529 The mountain 00:16:32.529 --> 00:16:34.529 And about [number] from his army were killed 00:16:34.529 --> 00:16:36.529 A man 00:16:36.529 --> 00:16:38.529 Many were wounded, and their thirst intensified. 00:16:38.529 --> 00:16:40.529 It so happened that some of 00:16:40.529 --> 00:16:42.529 He was taken captive by the Tatars. 00:16:42.529 --> 00:16:44.529 He fled and went down to the Sultan. 00:16:44.529 --> 00:16:46.529 and to make him recognize that the Tatars 00:16:46.529 --> 00:16:48.529 They have unanimously agreed on the descent. 00:16:48.529 --> 00:16:50.529 in the magic, to confront 00:16:50.529 --> 00:16:52.529 The Sultan's armies 00:16:52.529 --> 00:16:54.529 And they were in severe thirst. 00:16:54.529 --> 00:16:56.529 The opinion then necessitated 00:16:56.529 --> 00:16:58.529 for Allah to grant them relief upon their arrival. 00:16:58.529 --> 00:17:00.529 and the army will ride 00:17:00.529 --> 00:17:02.559 I turned my back on them. 00:17:02.559 --> 00:17:04.559 When they spent the night in that state 00:17:04.559 --> 00:17:06.559 They awoke on Monday morning. 00:17:06.559 --> 00:17:08.559 The Tatars rode out in the fourth [year]. 00:17:08.559 --> 00:17:10.559 of the day 00:17:10.559 --> 00:17:12.559 They descended from the mountain, and no one bothered them. 00:17:12.559 --> 00:17:14.559 They have one 00:17:14.559 --> 00:17:16.559 They marched to the river and plunged into it. 00:17:16.559 --> 00:17:18.559 At that point, they mounted them. 00:17:18.559 --> 00:17:20.559 Allah's trials for the Muslims 00:17:20.559 --> 00:17:22.559 And Allah, the Most High, supported them. 00:17:22.559 --> 00:17:24.559 with His victory 00:17:24.559 --> 00:17:26.559 until they reaped the heads of the Tatars 00:17:26.559 --> 00:17:28.559 concerning their bodies 00:17:28.559 --> 00:17:30.559 And they drew their swords against them. 00:17:30.559 --> 00:17:32.559 killed and captured 00:17:32.559 --> 00:17:34.559 until the afternoon prayer 00:17:34.559 --> 00:17:36.559 They returned to the Sultan. 00:17:36.559 --> 00:17:38.559 Recognize Him through this great victory. 00:17:38.559 --> 00:17:40.559 And the rulers continued 00:17:40.559 --> 00:17:42.559 and the rest of the armies are in pursuit. 00:17:42.559 --> 00:17:44.559 The Tatars to the two villages 00:17:44.559 --> 00:17:46.559 The Tatar horses grew weary. 00:17:46.559 --> 00:17:48.559 Their souls grew weak. 00:17:48.559 --> 00:17:50.559 They laid down their weapons. 00:17:50.559 --> 00:17:52.559 They surrendered to be killed. 00:17:52.559 --> 00:17:54.559 and the armies kill them 00:17:54.559 --> 00:17:56.559 without any resistance 00:17:56.559 --> 00:17:58.559 even the lowest of the common people and the youths 00:17:58.559 --> 00:18:00.559 killed many of them 00:18:00.559 --> 00:18:02.559 and they captured at that time 00:18:02.559 --> 00:18:04.589 spoils of war 00:18:04.589 --> 00:18:06.589 and one soldier from the army would kill 00:18:06.589 --> 00:18:08.589 twenty of the Tatars 00:18:08.589 --> 00:18:10.589 or more 00:18:10.589 --> 00:18:12.589 then the nomadic tribes of the land 00:18:12.589 --> 00:18:14.589 betrayed the Tatars and began their treachery 00:18:14.589 --> 00:18:16.589 so they would bring 00:18:16.589 --> 00:18:18.589 two or three 00:18:18.589 --> 00:18:20.589 up to a large number of Tatars 00:18:20.589 --> 00:18:22.589 as if they were guiding them 00:18:22.589 --> 00:18:24.589 to a nearby path 00:18:24.589 --> 00:18:26.589 a desert plain, and they would deliver them 00:18:26.589 --> 00:18:28.589 to the wilderness 00:18:28.589 --> 00:18:30.589 and leave them there 00:18:30.589 --> 00:18:32.589 so they would die of thirst 00:18:32.589 --> 00:18:34.589 and some they led around 00:18:34.589 --> 00:18:36.589 and brought them to the Ghouta of Damascus 00:18:36.589 --> 00:18:38.589 so the general populace of Damascus came out to them 00:18:38.589 --> 00:18:40.589 the general populace of Damascus 00:18:40.589 --> 00:18:42.589 and killed many of them 00:18:42.589 --> 00:18:44.589 and on Monday 00:18:44.589 --> 00:18:46.589 the fourth of the month 00:18:46.589 --> 00:18:48.589 the people returned from the Kiswah 00:18:48.589 --> 00:18:50.589 to Damascus 00:18:50.589 --> 00:18:52.819 and they gave the people glad tidings of victory 00:18:52.819 --> 00:18:54.819 and Ibn Kathir said 00:18:54.819 --> 00:18:56.819 and they remained in what they were upon 00:18:56.819 --> 00:18:58.819 of fear and hardship 00:18:58.819 --> 00:19:00.819 so they saw from the minarets 00:19:00.819 --> 00:19:02.819 blackness and dust 00:19:02.819 --> 00:19:04.819 from the direction of the army and the enemy 00:19:04.819 --> 00:19:06.819 so it was strongly suspected that the battle 00:19:06.819 --> 00:19:08.819 was on this day 00:19:08.819 --> 00:19:10.819 so they implored Allah, the Mighty and Majestic 00:19:10.819 --> 00:19:12.819 with supplication in the mosques and the city 00:19:12.819 --> 00:19:14.819 and the women came out 00:19:14.819 --> 00:19:16.819 and the children onto the rooftops 00:19:16.819 --> 00:19:18.819 and they uncovered their heads 00:19:18.819 --> 00:19:20.819 and the city cried out with a great cry 00:19:20.819 --> 00:19:22.819 and it happened at that time 00:19:22.819 --> 00:19:24.819 at that time a great, heavy rain fell 00:19:24.819 --> 00:19:26.819 then the people calmed down 00:19:26.819 --> 00:19:28.819 and when it was after noon 00:19:28.819 --> 00:19:30.819 a notice was read in the congregational mosque 00:19:30.819 --> 00:19:32.819 stating that 00:19:32.819 --> 00:19:34.819 In the second hour 00:19:34.819 --> 00:19:36.819 ...of this Saturday's daylight. 00:19:36.819 --> 00:19:38.819 The armies of Sham convened. 00:19:38.819 --> 00:19:40.819 and Egyptian with the Sultan 00:19:40.819 --> 00:19:42.819 in the meadow of Safar 00:19:42.819 --> 00:19:44.819 And in it is the request for prayer from the people. 00:19:44.819 --> 00:19:46.819 and the command to guard the fortress 00:19:46.819 --> 00:19:48.819 and caution regarding the walls 00:19:48.819 --> 00:19:50.819 So let people be 00:19:50.819 --> 00:19:52.819 and the one who gives the call to prayer and the land. 00:19:52.819 --> 00:19:54.819 The day has passed. 00:19:54.819 --> 00:19:56.819 It was a tremendously unsettling day. 00:19:56.819 --> 00:19:58.819 And the people awoke on Sunday 00:19:58.819 --> 00:20:00.819 They speak with a broken [spirit/will]. 00:20:00.819 --> 00:20:02.819 The Tatars 00:20:02.819 --> 00:20:04.819 And the people went out towards the area of Al-Kiswah. 00:20:04.819 --> 00:20:06.819 They returned, and with them 00:20:06.819 --> 00:20:08.819 something from earnings 00:20:08.819 --> 00:20:10.819 And with them were prominent leaders. 00:20:10.819 --> 00:20:12.849 The Tatars 00:20:12.849 --> 00:20:14.849 And the oppression of the Tatars grew stronger. 00:20:14.849 --> 00:20:16.849 And it increases little by little. 00:20:16.849 --> 00:20:18.849 until the entire matter became clear 00:20:18.849 --> 00:20:20.849 But when people have 00:20:20.849 --> 00:20:22.849 From the intensity of the fear 00:20:22.849 --> 00:20:24.849 And the abundance of Tatars does not mean they are truthful. 00:20:24.849 --> 00:20:27.940 The results of the battle 00:20:27.940 --> 00:20:30.319 This was 00:20:30.319 --> 00:20:32.319 The overwhelming victory 00:20:32.319 --> 00:20:34.319 It was a decisive blow against the Tatar's lineage. 00:20:34.319 --> 00:20:36.319 Those who have not returned since then 00:20:36.319 --> 00:20:38.319 with major campaigns 00:20:38.319 --> 00:20:40.319 to the lands of ash-Sham 00:20:40.319 --> 00:20:42.319 The people then found relief from their evil. 00:20:42.319 --> 00:20:44.319 The widespread 00:20:44.319 --> 00:20:46.319 Rather, they openly declared their Islam. 00:20:46.319 --> 00:20:48.319 After a period of time 00:20:48.319 --> 00:20:50.319 by the age of their Islam 00:20:50.319 --> 00:20:52.319 So, to Allah be all praise for their embracing Islam. 00:20:52.319 --> 00:20:54.319 And to Allah belongs all praise. 00:20:54.319 --> 00:20:56.319 ...for the well-being of the lands of Islam. 00:20:56.319 --> 00:20:58.319 from their harm 00:20:58.319 --> 00:21:00.319 But among the matters that call for 00:21:00.319 --> 00:21:02.319 It is astonishing. 00:21:02.319 --> 00:21:04.319 The Mongol Tatar people 00:21:04.319 --> 00:21:06.319 that which was done to the world 00:21:06.319 --> 00:21:08.319 Islamic, from the categories 00:21:08.319 --> 00:21:10.319 The annihilation and the brutal punishment that was inflicted. 00:21:10.319 --> 00:21:12.319 returns to the religion 00:21:12.319 --> 00:21:14.319 those who were subjugated by them 00:21:14.319 --> 00:21:16.319 and whom they swept over 00:21:16.319 --> 00:21:18.319 one of the facts that many do not know 00:21:18.319 --> 00:21:20.319 is that the Tatars 00:21:20.319 --> 00:21:22.319 have a great merit 00:21:22.319 --> 00:21:24.319 in spreading Islam in regions 00:21:24.319 --> 00:21:26.319 that Muslims had not reached 00:21:26.319 --> 00:21:28.319 before them. 00:21:28.319 --> 00:21:30.319 They ruled them and conquered countries, 00:21:30.319 --> 00:21:32.319 so they became among the best 00:21:32.319 --> 00:21:34.319 of people in their adherence to Islam, 00:21:34.319 --> 00:21:36.319 even up to our 00:21:36.319 --> 00:21:38.319 present time. 00:21:38.319 --> 00:21:40.319 Our Muslim brothers in Turkestan 00:21:40.319 --> 00:21:42.319 are from the descendants of the Tatars. 00:21:42.319 --> 00:21:44.319 And what has happened 00:21:44.319 --> 00:21:46.319 to them now in terms of persecution by the Chinese 00:21:46.319 --> 00:21:48.319 Buddhists 00:21:48.319 --> 00:21:50.319 and they are steadfast in their religion, 00:21:50.319 --> 00:21:52.319 patient in their trials, 00:21:52.319 --> 00:21:54.319 is nothing but proof of the strength 00:21:54.319 --> 00:21:56.319 of their Islam. 00:21:56.319 --> 00:21:58.319 We ask Allah to relieve them. 00:21:58.319 --> 00:22:02.529 Ramadan: 00:22:02.529 --> 00:22:04.529 events and lessons.