WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.169 --> 00:00:08.070 Summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.589 --> 00:00:12.689 Abridged by Dr. Aqeel ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:14.140 --> 00:00:16.339 Surah al-An'am. 00:00:18.250 --> 00:00:23.579 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.579 --> 00:00:27.480 “(Remember) when Abraham said unto his father Azar: Takest thou idols for gods? Lo! I see thee and thy folk in error manifest.” (6:74) 00:00:27.480 --> 00:00:30.780 "Do you take idols as gods?" 00:00:31.179 --> 00:00:34.380 "Do you take idols as gods?" 00:00:34.380 --> 00:00:40.979 “(Remember) when Abraham said unto his father Azar: Takest thou idols for gods? Lo! I see thee and thy folk in error manifest.” (6:74) 00:00:42.439 --> 00:00:46.640 And recall, O Muhammad, for the sake of your argument with which you debate your people, 00:00:47.039 --> 00:00:51.240 when Abraham said to his father, faulting his worship of idols: 00:00:51.840 --> 00:00:52.840 "O Azar! 00:00:53.340 --> 00:00:55.640 Do you take idols as gods, 00:00:55.640 --> 00:00:59.240 worshipping them instead of Allah who created you and fashioned you proportioned? 00:00:59.640 --> 00:01:04.439 Indeed, I see you, O Azar, and your people who worship idols alongside you, 00:01:04.840 --> 00:01:07.040 straying far from the clear path of truth, 00:01:07.540 --> 00:01:12.840 and turning away in a manner that is manifestly evident to any observer as a deviation from the straight way." 00:01:14.280 --> 00:01:20.079 “Thus did We show Abraham the kingdom of the heavens and the earth that he might be of those possessing certainty:” (6:75) 00:01:20.079 --> 00:01:23.480 "And so that he might be among those who possess certainty." 00:01:24.439 --> 00:01:27.239 And just as We granted him insight into his religion, 00:01:27.640 --> 00:01:30.439 We show him the kingdom and dominion of the heavens and the earth, 00:01:30.640 --> 00:01:34.040 including whatever Allah created within them—the sun, the moon, 00:01:34.239 --> 00:01:37.040 the stars, the beasts, and all else— 00:01:37.439 --> 00:01:40.239 so that he would be among those who affirm the oneness of Allah, 00:01:40.640 --> 00:01:45.239 knowing the absolute reality of the monotheistic truth to which He guided him. 00:01:46.409 --> 00:01:53.209 “When the night grew dark upon him he beheld a star. He said: This is my Lord. But when it set, he said: I love not things that set.” (6:76) 00:01:53.409 --> 00:01:56.010 "He said, 'This is my Lord.'" 00:01:56.409 --> 00:02:02.810 “When the night grew dark upon him he beheld a star. He said: This is my Lord. But when it set, he said: I love not things that set.” (6:76) 00:02:04.150 --> 00:02:06.750 So when the night covered him with its darkness and veiled him, 00:02:07.150 --> 00:02:09.349 he saw a star as it rose, 00:02:09.949 --> 00:02:11.550 and he said: "This is my Lord." 00:02:12.150 --> 00:02:13.949 He then observed it until it set and disappeared. 00:02:14.550 --> 00:02:18.550 When it vanished, he said: "I do not love that which sets." 00:02:19.150 --> 00:02:22.349 Thus he knew that his true Lord is everlasting and never passes away. 00:02:23.490 --> 00:02:29.889 “And when he saw the moon uprising, he exclaimed: This is my Lord. But when it set, he said: Unless my Lord guide me, I surely shall become one of the folk who are astray.” (6:77) 00:02:30.490 --> 00:02:35.490 So when it set, he said: "Unless my Lord guides me, 00:02:35.490 --> 00:02:42.090 I shall surely be among the misguided people." 00:02:43.599 --> 00:02:45.000 Then when the moon rose, 00:02:45.400 --> 00:02:50.000 Abraham saw it shining and said: "This is my Lord." 00:02:50.599 --> 00:02:53.400 But when it set, Abraham said: 00:02:54.000 --> 00:02:59.000 "Unless my Lord guides me and grants me success in attaining the truth regarding His absolute oneness, 00:02:59.599 --> 00:03:03.400 I shall surely be among those who have missed the truth in this matter 00:03:03.400 --> 00:03:05.000 and failed to attain right guidance." 00:03:06.439 --> 00:03:12.439 Then when he saw the sun rising, he said: "This is my Lord; 00:03:12.439 --> 00:03:14.240 this is greater." 00:03:14.840 --> 00:03:21.439 “And when he saw the sun uprising, he cried: This is my Lord! This is greater! And when it set he exclaimed: O my people! Lo! I am free from all that ye associate (with Him).” (6:78) 00:03:22.439 --> 00:03:30.009 So when Abraham saw the sun rising, he said: 00:03:30.009 --> 00:03:32.009 "This rising body is my Lord; 00:03:32.009 --> 00:03:35.009 this is larger than the star and the moon." 00:03:36.009 --> 00:03:40.009 But when it set, Abraham said to his people: 00:03:40.009 --> 00:03:46.009 "O my people! I am entirely free from all that you associate with Allah in worship, of false deities and idols. 00:03:48.069 --> 00:03:56.069 “Lo! I have turned my face toward Him Who created the heavens and the earth, as one by nature upright, and I am not of the idolaters.” (6:79) 00:03:56.069 --> 00:03:59.069 And I am not of those who associate partners with Him. 00:04:00.069 --> 00:04:06.479 Indeed, I have turned my face in devoted worship to the One who created the heavens and the earth— 00:04:06.479 --> 00:04:09.479 the Everlasting who abides forever and never perishes— 00:04:10.479 --> 00:04:14.479 as an upright monotheist, holding fast to what is required of true monotheism by sincerely devoting all worship to Him alone. 00:04:14.479 --> 00:04:20.480 And I am not of those who follow your religion or adopt your creed, O polytheists!" 00:04:20.480 --> 00:04:37.430 “His people argued with him. He said: Dispute ye with me concerning Allah when He hath guided me? I fear not at all that which ye set up beside Him unless my Lord willeth aught. My Lord includeth all things in His knowledge. Will ye not then remember?” (6:80) 00:04:37.430 --> 00:04:46.430 “His people argued with him. He said: Dispute ye with me concerning Allah when He hath guided me? I fear not at all that which ye set up beside Him unless my Lord willeth aught. My Lord includeth all things in His knowledge. Will ye not then remember?” (6:80) 00:04:46.430 --> 00:04:50.430 “His people argued with him. He said: Dispute ye with me concerning Allah when He hath guided me? I fear not at all that which ye set up beside Him unless my Lord willeth aught. My Lord includeth all things in His knowledge. Will ye not then remember?” (6:80) 00:04:50.430 --> 00:04:54.430 "Will you not then remember?" 00:04:54.430 --> 00:05:01.680 And Abraham argued with his people concerning the oneness of Allah and his complete renunciation of their idols. 00:05:01.680 --> 00:05:10.680 Abraham said: "Do you debate with me concerning the oneness of Allah and the devotion of deeds to Him alone, to the exclusion of all other deities, 00:05:10.680 --> 00:05:16.680 when my Lord has guided me to the knowledge of His oneness and granted me insight into the path of truth? 00:05:16.680 --> 00:05:25.680 I do not fear the deities you invoke besides Him in the least, nor do I fear that any harm or calamity from them could afflict me. 00:05:25.680 --> 00:05:33.680 My fear is reserved solely for Allah, who, if He wills to afflict me in my person or wealth with whatever He chooses, can surely do so. 00:05:33.680 --> 00:05:38.680 My Lord encompasses all things in knowledge, so nothing whatsoever is hidden from Him. 00:05:38.680 --> 00:05:46.680 Will you not then take heed, O ignorant ones, and realize the gravity of the error you persist in by worshipping other than Allah, 00:05:46.680 --> 00:05:53.680 and by abandoning the worship of the One who created you and created all things, and who possesses power over all things?" 00:05:53.680 --> 00:06:03.319 “How should I fear that which ye set up beside Him, when ye fear not to set up beside Allah that for which He hath revealed unto you no warrant? Which of the two factions hath more right to safety? (Answer me that) if ye have knowledge.” (6:81) 00:06:03.319 --> 00:06:14.319 “How should I fear that which ye set up beside Him, when ye fear not to set up beside Allah that for which He hath revealed unto you no warrant? Which of the two factions hath more right to safety? (Answer me that) if ye have knowledge.” (6:81) 00:06:14.319 --> 00:06:24.319 “How should I fear that which ye set up beside Him, when ye fear not to set up beside Allah that for which He hath revealed unto you no warrant? Which of the two factions hath more right to safety? (Answer me that) if ye have knowledge.” (6:81) 00:06:24.319 --> 00:06:29.699 "And how should I fear or dread those whom you have associated in worship with your Lord, 00:06:30.699 --> 00:06:38.699 when they can neither harm nor benefit, while you yourselves do not fear Allah—the Omnipotent—in your act of associating partners in His worship, 00:06:38.699 --> 00:06:44.699 for which He has sent down to you no authority nor provided any proof? 00:06:44.699 --> 00:06:53.699 Which of the two parties then has a greater right to security from the consequence of worship: I, who worship my Lord, or you, who worship idols besides Allah? 00:06:53.699 --> 00:06:58.310 Answer me, if you truly know the truth of what I say!" 00:06:58.310 --> 00:07:15.310 “Those who believe and obscure not their belief by wrongdoing, theirs is safety; and they are rightly guided.” (6:82) 00:07:15.310 --> 00:07:22.850 Those who believe in Allah, sincerely devote their worship to Him, and do not taint their faith with polytheism— 00:07:22.850 --> 00:07:26.850 they are far more entitled to safety and security than those who associate partners with Him. 00:07:26.850 --> 00:07:37.850 For the polytheists are the ones who shall fear His severe punishment due to their detestable worship, whereas those who believe are rightly guided onto the straight path and walking the route of salvation. 00:07:37.850 --> 00:07:56.839 “That is Our argument. We gave it unto Abraham against his folk. We raise unto degrees of wisdom whom We will. Lo! thy Lord is Wise, Aware.” (6:83) 00:07:56.839 --> 00:08:02.480 Allah—exalted be His mention—refers here to Abraham's decisive argument against his opponent: 00:08:02.480 --> 00:08:13.480 Which of the two groups is more entitled to security: the one who worships one Lord, or the one who worships many lords? Thus he forced them to pass judgment against themselves. 00:08:13.480 --> 00:08:21.480 In doing so, their excuses were entirely dismantled, their arguments broken, and Abraham's proof triumphed over them. 00:08:21.480 --> 00:08:29.480 "That was Our argument which We granted to Abraham against his people. We raise in rank whom We will." 00:08:29.480 --> 00:08:39.570 Thus We elevated his status above them. Indeed, your Lord, O Muhammad, is All-Wise in His management of His creation and in all His divine decrees, 00:08:39.570 --> 00:08:44.570 All-Knowing of the ultimate outcome regarding His messengers and those to whom they are sent. 00:08:44.570 --> 00:09:07.370 “And We bestowed upon him Isaac and Jacob; each of them We guided; and Noah did We guide aforetime; and of his seed (We guided) David and Solomon and Job and Joseph and Moses and Aaron. Thus do We reward the good.” (6:84) 00:09:07.370 --> 00:09:11.370 "And thus do We reward the doers of good." 00:09:12.820 --> 00:09:22.820 So We rewarded Abraham by bestowing upon him righteous offspring whom We distinguished with prophethood: his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. 00:09:22.820 --> 00:09:29.820 We guided all of them to the path of righteousness, granting them success in holding fast to the true and correct religion. 00:09:29.820 --> 00:09:35.820 And We had likewise guided Noah before Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 00:09:36.820 --> 00:09:44.820 And We also guided from the descendants of Noah: David, Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses, and Aaron. 00:09:44.820 --> 00:09:51.820 And just as We rewarded these Prophets for their excellent obedience to Us and their steadfast patience through trials for Our sake, 00:09:51.820 --> 00:09:55.820 so too do We reward every doer of good for their righteous deeds. 00:09:55.820 --> 00:10:05.299 "And Zechariah, John, Jesus, and Elias—every one of them was of the righteous." 00:10:06.299 --> 00:10:13.679 And We also granted guidance and rectitude—similar to that which We bestowed upon Noah—to those among his descendants: 00:10:13.679 --> 00:10:25.679 Zechariah, John the son of Zechariah, Jesus the son of Mary, and Elias. Every single one of these whom We have named was of the righteous. 00:10:25.679 --> 00:10:38.129 “And Ishmael and Elisha and Jonah and Lot. Each one (of them) did We prefer above (Our) creatures,” (6:86) 00:10:38.129 --> 00:10:49.580 And We also guided from the descendants of Noah: Ishmael, Elisha, Jonah, and Lot; and each of them We favored above the people of their respective times. 00:10:49.580 --> 00:11:05.090 “With some of their forefathers and their offspring and their brethren; and We chose them and guided them unto a straight path.” (6:87) 00:11:05.090 --> 00:11:17.799 And We also guided from their forefathers, their descendants, and their brothers—others besides them—to the ultimate truth and pure faith free of all polytheism. 00:11:17.799 --> 00:11:26.799 We granted them success, chose them for Our religion, and directed them firmly, guiding them to an unswerving, straight path. 00:11:26.799 --> 00:11:42.559 “Such is the guidance of Allah wherewith He guideth whom He will of His bondmen. But if they had set up (for worship) aught beside Him, (all) that they did would have been vain.” (6:88) 00:11:42.559 --> 00:11:52.139 That guidance is the divine success and subtle grace of Allah, by which He guides whom He wills among His beloved creation. 00:11:52.139 --> 00:12:05.139 Had these named Prophets associated partners with Allah, all the rewards for the righteous deeds they had performed would have been rendered void and lost, for Allah accepts no deed accompanied by polytheism. 00:12:06.139 --> 00:12:26.940 “Those are they unto whom We gave the Scripture and command and prophethood. But if these disbelieve therein, then indeed We shall entrust it to a people who will not be disbelievers therein.” (6:89) 00:12:26.940 --> 00:12:42.580 These whom We have named among His Prophets and Messengers are those to whom We gave the Scripture—meaning the Scriptures of Abraham and Moses, the Psalms of David, and the Gospel of Jesus. 00:12:42.580 --> 00:13:02.580 And We granted them deep understanding of the Scripture and sound knowledge of its rulings. So if these polytheists, O Muhammad, deny this revelation, We have already entrusted it to Our Messengers and Prophets before you, who would never deny its truth nor reject it. 00:13:02.580 --> 00:13:22.250 “Those are they whom Allah guideth, so follow their guidance. Say (O Muhammad, unto mankind): I ask of you no fee for it. Lo! it is naught but a Reminder to (His) creatures.” (6:90) 00:13:22.250 --> 00:13:37.990 These noble Prophets are the ones whom Allah guided to His true religion; so follow their guidance, O Muhammad, adopt their methodology, and walk their path. And say to the polytheists among your people: 00:13:37.990 --> 00:13:55.990 "I ask of you no monetary reward or earthly compensation for this guidance to which I call you and this Qur'an I have brought you. My message is nothing but a reminder to you and to all who are like you, warning that the punishment and wrath of Allah may descend upon you." 00:13:55.990 --> 00:14:20.720 “And they measure not the power of Allah its true measure when they say: Allah hath naught revealed unto a human being. Say (unto the Jews who speak thus): Who revealed the Book which Moses brought, a light and guidance for mankind, which ye have put on parchments which ye show, but ye hide much (thereof), and (by which) ye were taught that which ye knew not yourselves nor (did) your fathers (know it)? Say: Allah. Then leave them to their play of cavilling.” (6:91) 00:14:20.720 --> 00:14:45.590 “And they measure not the power of Allah its true measure when they say: Allah hath naught revealed unto a human being. Say (unto the Jews who speak thus): Who revealed the Book which Moses brought, a light and guidance for mankind, which ye have put on parchments which ye show, but ye hide much (thereof), and (by which) ye were taught that which ye knew not yourselves nor (did) your fathers (know it)? Say: Allah. Then leave them to their play of cavilling.” (6:91) 00:14:45.590 --> 00:15:06.480 They did not venerate Allah with the veneration due to Him when they asserted, "Allah has never sent down any revelation or scripture to any human being." Say, O Muhammad: "Who then sent down the Scripture that Moses brought as a light to disperse the darkness of misguidance and as a clear exposition for humanity, clarifying truth from falsehood? 00:15:06.480 --> 00:15:19.480 You transcribe it onto separate sheets of paper, disclosing some to the people while concealing much of it—including the prophecy regarding Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:15:19.480 --> 00:15:41.519 And Allah taught you through this Scripture that which neither you nor your forefathers knew of the news of nations past and future." Say: "Allah sent it down upon Moses!" Then leave them, O Muhammad, to play in their vain discourse, for I am ever watching over their mockery. 00:15:41.519 --> 00:16:09.220 “And this is a blessed Scripture which We have revealed, confirming that which (was revealed) before it, that thou mayst warn the Mother of Villages and those around her. Those who believe in the Hereafter believe herein, and they are careful of their worship.” (6:92) 00:16:09.220 --> 00:16:28.080 And this Qur'an, O Muhammad, written and revealed by Us to you, is a blessed Book, confirming the divine Scriptures that came before it and agreeing with them, that you may warn thereby of the punishment and wrath of Allah upon the inhabitants of Mecca and all those around it, east and west. 00:16:28.080 --> 00:16:43.080 And whoever truly believes in the coming of the Hour and the final Return in the Hereafter will believe in this Book which We have sent down to you, and will strictly maintain the prescribed prayers that Allah has commanded to be established. 00:16:43.080 --> 00:17:12.599 And who is more unjust than one who invents a lie against Allah, or says, "It has been revealed to me," when nothing has been revealed to him, or one who says, "I will send down the like of what Allah has sent down"? And if you could but see when the wrongdoers are in the agonies of death while the angels stretch forth their hands... 00:17:12.599 --> 00:17:41.599 “Who is guilty of more wrong than he who forgeth a lie against Allah, or saith: I am inspired, when he is not inspired in aught; and who saith: I will reveal the like of that which Allah hath revealed? If thou couldst see, when the wrong-doers reach the pangs of death and the angels stretch their hands out (saying): Deliver up your souls. This day ye are awarded doom of degradation for that ye spake concerning Allah other than the truth, and used to scorn His portents.” (6:93) 00:17:42.599 --> 00:17:58.400 And who is more erroneous in speech or more ignorant in deed than one who fabricates lies against Allah, claiming, "Allah has inspired me," when nothing was revealed to him, or saying, "I shall produce the like of what Allah has revealed"? 00:17:58.400 --> 00:18:21.400 If only you could see, O Muhammad, when death overwhelms these wrongdoers with its agonies, and the angels stretch forth their hands, striking their faces and backs, saying to them: "Yield up your souls to the wrath and curse of Allah! Today you shall be recompensed with the humiliating punishment of Hell for your disbelief in Allah, 00:18:21.400 --> 00:18:32.400 which will disgrace and debase you because of the falsehoods you used to utter against Him and because of your arrogant refusal to submit to the command of Allah and the command of His Messenger." 00:18:32.400 --> 00:19:01.069 “Now have ye come unto Us solitary as We did create you at the first, and ye have left behind you all that We bestowed upon you, and We behold not with you those your intercessors, of whom ye claimed that they possessed a share in you. Now is the bond between you severed, and that which ye presumed hath failed you.” (6:94) 00:19:01.069 --> 00:19:10.640 “Now have ye come unto Us solitary as We did create you at the first, and ye have left behind you all that We bestowed upon you, and We behold not with you those your intercessors, of whom ye claimed that they possessed a share in you. Now is the bond between you severed, and that which ye presumed hath failed you.” (6:94) 00:19:10.640 --> 00:19:23.640 "And now you have come to Us individually, stripped of wealth and all the worldly favors Allah had bestowed upon you in the world, just as We created you the first time—barefoot, naked, and uncircumcised. 00:19:23.640 --> 00:19:32.640 You have left behind all the worldly possessions We granted you, which you used to boast about, unable to carry any of it with you. 00:19:32.640 --> 00:19:44.640 And We do not see with you your intercessors whom you claimed would intercede for you before your Lord on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed, all the bonds that connected you in the worldly life have been severed, 00:19:44.640 --> 00:19:54.640 and all that you falsely claimed to be partners with your Lord and intercessors for you has failed and departed from your path." 00:19:54.640 --> 00:19:59.569 Summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.