WEBVTT 00:00:00.020 --> 00:00:04.019 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:04.019 --> 00:00:13.470 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 00:00:13.470 --> 00:00:18.820 *Al-Mukhtasar fi al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah* (The Abridged Prophetic Biography), 00:00:18.820 --> 00:00:22.820 Authored by Shaykh Musa ibn Rashid al-'Azimi, 00:00:22.820 --> 00:00:24.980 May Allah preserve him. 00:00:24.980 --> 00:00:34.259 The Expedition of al-Ta'if. 00:00:34.259 --> 00:00:37.259 Imam al-Bukhari said in his *Sahih*: 00:00:37.259 --> 00:00:39.259 "Chapter: The Expedition of al-Ta'if, 00:00:39.259 --> 00:00:42.259 in Shawwal of the eighth year [of the Hijrah]." 00:00:42.259 --> 00:00:44.259 This was stated by Musa ibn 'Uqbah. 00:00:44.259 --> 00:00:46.450 Al-Hafiz [Ibn Hajar] said in *Fath al-Bari*: 00:00:46.450 --> 00:00:49.450 "Thus he mentioned it in *Al-Maghazi*, 00:00:49.450 --> 00:00:54.880 and it is the view of the majority of the scholars of military expeditions." 00:00:54.880 --> 00:00:57.420 The reason for the expedition: 00:00:57.420 --> 00:00:59.420 Ibn Ishaq said: 00:00:59.420 --> 00:01:02.420 When Thaqif arrived in al-Ta'if, 00:01:02.420 --> 00:01:05.420 they locked the gates of their city against them 00:01:05.420 --> 00:01:08.420 and prepared fortresses and equipment for battle. 00:01:08.420 --> 00:01:17.689 The Prophet's march to al-Ta'if: 00:01:17.689 --> 00:01:21.689 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) marched to al-Ta'if 00:01:21.689 --> 00:01:23.689 as soon as he concluded the Battle of Hunayn, 00:01:23.689 --> 00:01:25.689 and he laid siege to them. 00:01:25.689 --> 00:01:28.750 Imam Muslim recorded in his *Sahih* 00:01:28.750 --> 00:01:32.750 on the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:01:32.750 --> 00:01:35.750 "Then we departed for al-Ta'if 00:01:35.750 --> 00:01:38.750 and besieged them for forty nights." 00:01:38.750 --> 00:01:44.750 Yet Allah, Glorified and Exalted, did not grant His Messenger (peace be upon him) permission to conquer al-Ta'if at that time, 00:01:44.750 --> 00:01:50.750 and that was after several attempts by the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to conquer it. 00:01:50.750 --> 00:01:53.849 The two Shaykhs [al-Bukhari and Muslim] recorded in their *Sahih*s 00:01:53.849 --> 00:01:57.849 on the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:01:57.849 --> 00:02:02.849 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) besieged the people of al-Ta'if, 00:02:02.849 --> 00:02:04.849 but he did not achieve anything against them. 00:02:04.849 --> 00:02:06.849 So he said: 00:02:06.849 --> 00:02:09.849 'We are returning, if Allah wills.' 00:02:09.849 --> 00:02:11.849 That is, turning back. 00:02:11.849 --> 00:02:15.979 His Companions said, 'Shall we return without having conquered it?' 00:02:15.979 --> 00:02:19.979 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to them: 00:02:19.979 --> 00:02:21.979 'Go out to fight in the morning.' 00:02:21.979 --> 00:02:24.979 They went out to fight in the morning and suffered many wounds. 00:02:24.979 --> 00:02:29.979 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to them: 00:02:29.979 --> 00:02:31.979 'We are returning tomorrow.' 00:02:31.979 --> 00:02:33.979 That pleased them, 00:02:33.979 --> 00:02:37.979 and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) smiled." 00:02:37.979 --> 00:02:40.199 Al-Hafiz [Ibn Hajar] said in *Fath al-Bari*: 00:02:40.199 --> 00:02:42.199 "The upshot of the report is 00:02:42.199 --> 00:02:47.199 that when he first informed them of returning without conquest, they were displeased. 00:02:47.199 --> 00:02:51.199 When he saw that, he commanded them to fight. 00:02:51.199 --> 00:02:53.199 Yet victory was not granted to them, 00:02:53.199 --> 00:02:55.199 and they suffered wounds 00:02:55.199 --> 00:02:58.199 because the enemy shot at them from atop the fortress wall; 00:02:58.199 --> 00:03:01.199 they struck them with their arrows, 00:03:01.199 --> 00:03:04.199 while the Muslims' arrows could not reach those on top of the wall. 00:03:04.199 --> 00:03:06.259 When they saw that, 00:03:06.259 --> 00:03:09.259 the wisdom of returning became evident to them. 00:03:09.259 --> 00:03:13.259 So when he reiterated the decision to return, 00:03:13.259 --> 00:03:15.259 it pleased them then. 00:03:15.259 --> 00:03:16.259 For this reason, the narrator said: 00:03:16.259 --> 00:03:18.259 'He smiled.'" 00:03:18.259 --> 00:03:24.439 Praying for the guidance of the people of al-Ta'if: 00:03:24.439 --> 00:03:29.020 When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) intended 00:03:29.020 --> 00:03:31.020 to withdraw from al-Ta'if, 00:03:31.020 --> 00:03:34.020 he prayed for its people to be guided. 00:03:34.020 --> 00:03:38.139 Imam Ahmad recorded in his *Musnad* with an authentic chain of narration 00:03:38.139 --> 00:03:42.139 on the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:03:42.139 --> 00:03:46.139 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:03:46.139 --> 00:03:49.139 'O Allah, guide Thaqif!'" 00:03:49.139 --> 00:03:52.139 In another wording in *Jami' al-Tirmidhi*, 00:03:52.139 --> 00:03:55.139 on the authority of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:03:55.139 --> 00:03:57.139 "They said, 'O Messenger of Allah, 00:03:57.139 --> 00:04:00.139 the arrows of Thaqif have burnt us, 00:04:00.139 --> 00:04:02.139 so pray to Allah against them.' 00:04:02.139 --> 00:04:06.139 But the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:04:06.139 --> 00:04:09.139 'O Allah, guide Thaqif!'" 00:04:09.139 --> 00:04:15.189 The Prophet's return 00:04:15.189 --> 00:04:19.189 and the distribution of the spoils of Hunayn: 00:04:19.189 --> 00:04:24.060 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) returned 00:04:24.060 --> 00:04:27.060 to al-Ji'ranah, waiting for Thaqif, 00:04:27.060 --> 00:04:29.060 hoping that they might accept Islam 00:04:29.060 --> 00:04:33.060 and thereby recover the captive women and offspring taken from them. 00:04:33.060 --> 00:04:36.279 When their arrival was delayed, 00:04:36.279 --> 00:04:40.279 he proceeded to distribute the spoils of Hunayn among the Muslims. 00:04:40.279 --> 00:04:43.279 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) began 00:04:43.279 --> 00:04:46.279 with those whose hearts were to be reconciled, 00:04:46.279 --> 00:04:48.279 who were prominent chieftains of the Arabs, 00:04:48.279 --> 00:04:52.310 reconciling their hearts toward Islam through these gifts. 00:04:52.310 --> 00:04:55.310 Imam Muslim recorded in his *Sahih* 00:04:55.310 --> 00:04:59.310 on the authority of Rafi' ibn Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:04:59.310 --> 00:05:02.310 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave 00:05:02.310 --> 00:05:04.310 Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, 00:05:04.310 --> 00:05:06.310 Safwan ibn Umayyah, 00:05:06.310 --> 00:05:08.310 'Uyaynah ibn Hisn, 00:05:08.310 --> 00:05:10.310 and al-Aqra' ibn Habis, 00:05:10.310 --> 00:05:14.470 each one of them one hundred camels." 00:05:14.470 --> 00:05:17.470 Imam Muslim recorded in his *Sahih*, 00:05:17.470 --> 00:05:19.470 as well as Imam Ahmad and al-Tirmidhi, 00:05:19.470 --> 00:05:23.470 on the authority of Safwan ibn Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:05:23.470 --> 00:05:28.470 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave to me on the day of Hunayn, 00:05:28.470 --> 00:05:31.470 while he was the most hated of creation to me. 00:05:31.470 --> 00:05:33.470 Yet he kept giving to me 00:05:33.470 --> 00:05:36.470 until he became the most beloved of creation to me." 00:05:36.470 --> 00:05:40.500 And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave 00:05:40.500 --> 00:05:44.500 Hakim ibn Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him) one hundred camels. 00:05:44.500 --> 00:05:47.699 The two Shaykhs recorded in their *Sahih*s 00:05:47.699 --> 00:05:51.699 on the authority of Hakim ibn Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:05:51.699 --> 00:05:56.699 "I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) [for wealth], and he gave me; 00:05:56.699 --> 00:05:59.699 I asked him again, and he gave me; 00:05:59.699 --> 00:06:02.699 then I asked him again, and he gave me. 00:06:02.699 --> 00:06:03.699 Then he said: 00:06:03.699 --> 00:06:08.699 'O Hakim, this wealth is indeed green and sweet. 00:06:08.699 --> 00:06:12.699 Whoever takes it with generosity of soul will be blessed in it, 00:06:12.699 --> 00:06:17.699 but whoever takes it with an eager, covetous soul will not be blessed in it, 00:06:17.699 --> 00:06:20.699 and he will be like the one who eats and is never satisfied. 00:06:20.699 --> 00:06:24.790 And the upper hand is better than the lower hand.' 00:06:24.790 --> 00:06:27.790 Hakim said: 'I said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:06:27.790 --> 00:06:30.790 by the One Who sent you with the truth, 00:06:30.790 --> 00:06:35.790 I shall never take anything from anyone after you until I depart this world!"' 00:06:35.790 --> 00:06:38.790 Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) used to 00:06:38.790 --> 00:06:41.790 invite Hakim to take his stipends, 00:06:41.790 --> 00:06:43.790 but he would refuse to accept anything from him. 00:06:43.790 --> 00:06:47.790 Then 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) invited him to give him his share, 00:06:47.790 --> 00:06:50.790 but he refused to accept anything from him. 00:06:50.790 --> 00:06:51.790 Thereupon 'Umar said: 00:06:51.790 --> 00:06:55.790 'I call you to witness, O assembly of Muslims, regarding Hakim, 00:06:55.790 --> 00:06:59.790 that I offer him his rightful share of this state revenue (*fay'*), 00:06:59.790 --> 00:07:01.790 but he refuses to take it.' 00:07:01.790 --> 00:07:08.949 Thus Hakim never accepted anything from anyone after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:07:08.949 --> 00:07:10.949 until he passed away." 00:07:10.949 --> 00:07:12.949 Al-Hafiz [Ibn Hajar] said in *Fath al-Bari*: 00:07:12.949 --> 00:07:15.949 "Hakim only refrained from taking the stipend, 00:07:15.949 --> 00:07:17.949 despite it being his rightful due, 00:07:17.949 --> 00:07:22.949 because he feared accepting something from anyone and thereby becoming accustomed to it, 00:07:22.949 --> 00:07:26.949 leading his soul beyond what he desired; 00:07:26.949 --> 00:07:28.949 so he weaned his soul from it 00:07:28.949 --> 00:07:32.949 and left that which brought doubt for that which did not." 00:07:32.949 --> 00:07:37.110 And there crowded around the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:07:37.110 --> 00:07:41.110 those weak in faith from among the new Muslims of the Conquest and others. 00:07:41.110 --> 00:07:45.339 Imam Ahmad recorded in his *Musnad* with a good chain of narration 00:07:45.339 --> 00:07:49.339 on the authority of 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:07:49.339 --> 00:07:53.339 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) distributed 00:07:53.339 --> 00:07:56.339 the spoils of Hunayn at al-Ji'ranah, 00:07:56.339 --> 00:07:58.339 and the people crowded around him. 00:07:58.339 --> 00:08:01.339 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:08:01.339 --> 00:08:04.339 'Indeed, a servant from among the servants of Allah 00:08:04.339 --> 00:08:07.339 was sent by Allah, Mighty and Majestic, to his people, 00:08:07.339 --> 00:08:10.339 but they rejected him and wounded his head. 00:08:10.339 --> 00:08:13.339 He began wiping the blood from his forehead, saying: 00:08:13.339 --> 00:08:16.339 "O Lord, forgive my people, 00:08:16.339 --> 00:08:18.339 for they know not."' 00:08:18.339 --> 00:08:20.370 'Abdullah said: 00:08:20.370 --> 00:08:24.370 'It is as though I am still looking at the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:08:24.370 --> 00:08:26.370 wiping his forehead, 00:08:26.370 --> 00:08:28.370 demonstrating the Prophet's actions.'" 00:08:28.370 --> 00:08:31.459 Imam Muslim recorded in his *Sahih* 00:08:31.459 --> 00:08:35.460 on the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:08:35.460 --> 00:08:39.460 "A man asked the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:08:39.460 --> 00:08:41.460 for a flock of sheep filling the valley between two mountains, 00:08:41.460 --> 00:08:43.460 and he gave it to him. 00:08:43.460 --> 00:08:45.460 The man returned to his people and said: 00:08:45.460 --> 00:08:47.460 'O my people, embrace Islam! 00:08:47.460 --> 00:08:49.460 For by Allah, Muhammad 00:08:49.460 --> 00:08:53.460 gives gifts like one who does not fear poverty!' 00:08:53.460 --> 00:08:56.779 Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 00:08:56.779 --> 00:09:00.779 'A man might accept Islam seeking nothing but worldly gain, 00:09:00.779 --> 00:09:06.779 yet no sooner had he embraced Islam than it became dearer to him than the world and all that is in it.'" 00:09:06.779 --> 00:09:09.980 Imam al-Nawawi said: 00:09:09.980 --> 00:09:13.980 "What is meant is that he initially displayed Islam for worldly gain, 00:09:13.980 --> 00:09:16.980 without a sincere intention in his heart; 00:09:16.980 --> 00:09:21.980 then, through the blessing of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the light of Islam, 00:09:21.980 --> 00:09:27.980 it was not long before his heart expanded with true faith, 00:09:27.980 --> 00:09:29.980 which firmly established itself within him, 00:09:29.980 --> 00:09:34.980 making Islam then dearer to him than the world and everything in it." 00:09:34.980 --> 00:09:40.139 *Al-Mukhtasar fi al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah* (The Abridged Prophetic Biography). 00:09:40.139 --> 00:09:47.139 Though all the world's longing for one another may endure, 00:09:47.139 --> 00:09:54.389 longing for you exceeds all bounds and measure. 00:09:54.389 --> 00:10:00.389 May Allah send blessings upon you as long as the call to prayer is raised, 00:10:00.389 --> 00:10:09.419 and lips move with remembrance of the Everlasting.