WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.000 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:07.570 The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari, 00:00:07.570 --> 00:00:12.789 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqeel Ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.789 --> 00:00:16.170 Surah an-Nisa'. 00:00:16.170 --> 00:00:22.769 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:22.769 --> 00:00:29.769 “O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Lord Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain hath spread abroad a multitude of men and women. Be careful of your duty toward Allah in Whom ye claim (your rights) of one another, and toward the wombs (that bare you). Lo! Allah hath been a watcher over you.” (4:1) 00:00:29.769 --> 00:00:42.770 “O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Lord Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain hath spread abroad a multitude of men and women. Be careful of your duty toward Allah in Whom ye claim (your rights) of one another, and toward the wombs (that bare you). Lo! Allah hath been a watcher over you.” (4:1) 00:00:42.770 --> 00:00:49.770 “O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Lord Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain hath spread abroad a multitude of men and women. Be careful of your duty toward Allah in Whom ye claim (your rights) of one another, and toward the wombs (that bare you). Lo! Allah hath been a watcher over you.” (4:1) 00:00:49.770 --> 00:00:56.770 “O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Lord Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain hath spread abroad a multitude of men and women. Be careful of your duty toward Allah in Whom ye claim (your rights) of one another, and toward the wombs (that bare you). Lo! Allah hath been a watcher over you.” (4:1) 00:00:56.770 --> 00:01:02.770 “O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Lord Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain hath spread abroad a multitude of men and women. Be careful of your duty toward Allah in Whom ye claim (your rights) of one another, and toward the wombs (that bare you). Lo! Allah hath been a watcher over you.” (4:1) 00:01:02.770 --> 00:01:10.340 O people, beware of your Lord, lest you disobey Him in what He has commanded you and what He has forbidden you— 00:01:10.340 --> 00:01:14.340 He who created you from a single soul, which is Adam, 00:01:14.340 --> 00:01:17.340 And created from Adam [his wife] Eve, 00:01:17.340 --> 00:01:21.340 And dispersed from both of them many men and women. 00:01:21.340 --> 00:01:27.340 And fear Allah, O people, in whose name you question and appeal to one another, 00:01:27.340 --> 00:01:31.340 Whereby the asker says to the person asked, "I ask you by Allah!" 00:01:31.340 --> 00:01:37.340 So just as you venerate your Lord with your tongues, venerate Him through your obedience, 00:01:37.340 --> 00:01:40.439 And beware of severing the ties of kinship. 00:01:40.439 --> 00:01:47.439 Indeed, Allah is ever watchful over people, keeping meticulous account of your deeds. 00:01:47.439 --> 00:01:56.019 And give the orphans their properties, and do not exchange the bad for the good. 00:01:56.019 --> 00:02:08.020 “Give unto orphans their wealth. Exchange not the good for the bad (in your management thereof) nor absorb their wealth into your own wealth. Lo! that would be a great sin.” (4:2) 00:02:08.020 --> 00:02:14.590 And give, O guardians of orphans, their properties to them once they reach puberty 00:02:14.590 --> 00:02:16.590 And sound judgment is perceived in them. 00:02:16.590 --> 00:02:22.590 And do not substitute what is unlawful for you of their wealth for your own lawful wealth, 00:02:22.590 --> 00:02:28.590 Whereby you take their prime, high-quality assets and give inferior ones in their place. 00:02:28.590 --> 00:02:34.590 Nor should you mix the orphans' wealth with your own, consuming it alongside yours; 00:02:34.590 --> 00:02:39.590 Indeed, consuming the wealth of your orphans is a grave sin in the sight of Allah. 00:02:39.590 --> 00:02:55.849 “And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the orphans, marry of the women, who seem good to you, two or three or four; and if ye fear that ye cannot do justice (to so many) then one (only) or (the captives) that your right hands possess. Thus it is more likely that ye will not do injustice.” (4:3) 00:02:55.849 --> 00:03:07.849 “And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the orphans, marry of the women, who seem good to you, two or three or four; and if ye fear that ye cannot do justice (to so many) then one (only) or (the captives) that your right hands possess. Thus it is more likely that ye will not do injustice.” (4:3) 00:03:07.849 --> 00:03:14.419 And if you fear that you will not act equitably concerning the wealth of orphans and deal fairly with them, 00:03:14.419 --> 00:03:21.419 Then likewise fear lest you fail to act equitably regarding the rights of women that Allah has obligated upon you; 00:03:21.419 --> 00:03:28.419 So do not marry of them except as many as you feel secure from wronging: two, three, or four. 00:03:28.419 --> 00:03:32.419 And if you also fear that in this regard, then marry only one, 00:03:32.419 --> 00:03:36.419 And if you still fear regarding one, then resort to those whom your right hands possess. 00:03:36.419 --> 00:03:43.419 That is closer and more suitable so that you do not incline toward injustice, for they are your rightful possessions, 00:03:43.419 --> 00:03:48.740 And there are not binding upon you regarding them the same rights as are binding toward free women. 00:03:48.740 --> 00:03:55.740 And give women their dowries as a willing gift. 00:03:55.740 --> 00:04:10.740 “And give unto the women (whom ye marry) free gift of their marriage portions; but if they of their own accord remit unto you a part thereof, then ye are welcome to absorb it (in your wealth).” (4:4) 00:04:10.740 --> 00:04:15.419 And give women their dowries as an obligatory grant, 00:04:15.419 --> 00:04:26.930 But if they, O men, willingly remit to you anything of their dowries of their own accord, then consume it with good cheer and ease. 00:04:26.930 --> 00:04:44.930 “Give not unto the foolish (what is in) your (keeping of their) wealth, which Allah hath given you to maintain; but feed and clothe them from it, and speak kindly unto them.” (4:5) 00:04:44.930 --> 00:04:54.600 And do not give the incompetent your wealth, whether they be young children or grown men, male or female. 00:04:54.600 --> 00:05:01.600 The incompetent person to whom his guardian is not permitted to give his wealth is the one deserving of interdiction, 00:05:01.600 --> 00:05:06.600 Due to squandering his wealth, his corruption, ruinous behavior, and poor management. 00:05:06.600 --> 00:05:15.600 Do not give them your wealth—some of which belongs to you and some to them—which Allah has made a means of sustenance and support for your livelihoods; 00:05:15.600 --> 00:05:24.600 But spend on your incompetent dependents, whose maintenance is obligatory upon you, by providing their food and clothing from your wealth, 00:05:24.600 --> 00:05:27.600 And speak to the incompetent in terms of appropriate kindness, 00:05:27.600 --> 00:05:33.600 Saying, for example, "When you show uprightness and maturity of judgment, we will hand over your wealth to you; 00:05:34.600 --> 00:05:37.600 So fear Allah concerning yourselves and your wealth," 00:05:37.600 --> 00:05:40.600 And similar goodly words. 00:06:04.889 --> 00:06:09.889 “Prove orphans till they reach the marriageable age; then, if ye find them of sound judgment, deliver over unto them their fortune; and devour it not by squandering and in haste lest they should grow up Whoso (of the guardians) is rich, let him abstain generously (from taking of the property of orphans); and whoso is poor let him take thereof in reason (for his guardianship). And when ye deliver up their fortune unto orphans, have (the transaction) witnessed in their presence. Allah sufficeth as a Reckoner.” (4:6) 00:06:09.889 --> 00:06:16.889 And whoever among you is poor, let him consume in an acceptable, reasonable manner. 00:06:16.889 --> 00:06:26.889 “Prove orphans till they reach the marriageable age; then, if ye find them of sound judgment, deliver over unto them their fortune; and devour it not by squandering and in haste lest they should grow up Whoso (of the guardians) is rich, let him abstain generously (from taking of the property of orphans); and whoso is poor let him take thereof in reason (for his guardianship). And when ye deliver up their fortune unto orphans, have (the transaction) witnessed in their presence. Allah sufficeth as a Reckoner.” (4:6) 00:06:27.889 --> 00:06:35.779 And test the mental maturity of your orphans regarding their comprehension and ability to manage their wealth once they reach puberty; 00:06:35.779 --> 00:06:43.779 If you perceive sound judgment and financial competence in them, then deliver their wealth to them, and do not withhold it from them, 00:06:43.779 --> 00:06:48.779 Nor consume it extravagantly beyond what Allah has made lawful for you, 00:06:48.779 --> 00:06:53.779 Nor consume it hastily before they reach adulthood and demonstrate sound judgment, 00:06:53.779 --> 00:06:58.779 Out of fear that they will grow up and you will be obliged to hand it over to them. 00:06:58.779 --> 00:07:05.779 And whoever among the guardians of the orphans' wealth is rich, let him abstain completely from consuming it, 00:07:05.779 --> 00:07:10.779 But whoever among them is poor, let him consume from the orphan's wealth in a reasonable manner, 00:07:10.779 --> 00:07:15.779 In cases of dire necessity and genuine need, strictly as a loan. 00:07:15.779 --> 00:07:21.779 Then when you, O guardians of the orphans' wealth, hand over to the orphans their property, 00:07:21.779 --> 00:07:26.779 Call witnesses over them to attest that they have received it in full from you; 00:07:26.779 --> 00:07:31.779 And Allah is sufficient as a Reckoner, far greater than any witnesses summoned 00:07:31.779 --> 00:07:36.709 By the orphan's guardian to witness handing over his orphan's wealth to him. 00:07:36.709 --> 00:07:43.709 “Unto the men (of a family) belongeth a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, and unto the women a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, whether it be little or much - a legal share.” (4:7) 00:07:43.709 --> 00:07:54.810 “Unto the men (of a family) belongeth a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, and unto the women a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, whether it be little or much - a legal share.” (4:7) 00:07:54.810 --> 00:08:02.810 “Unto the men (of a family) belongeth a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, and unto the women a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, whether it be little or much - a legal share.” (4:7) 00:08:02.810 --> 00:08:08.509 For men, from the children of the deceased, there is a share of his inheritance, 00:08:08.509 --> 00:08:11.509 And for women among them there is a share of it, 00:08:11.509 --> 00:08:18.509 Be it little or much of what he left behind—a determined, known, and decreed share. 00:08:18.509 --> 00:08:25.639 And when relatives, orphans, and the needy attend the division, 00:08:25.639 --> 00:08:35.639 “And when kinsfolk and orphans and the needy are present at the division (of the heritage), bestow on them therefrom and speak kindly unto them.” (4:8) 00:08:37.500 --> 00:08:41.500 And when there attend the division of the testator's wealth by will 00:08:41.500 --> 00:08:45.500 His non-inheriting relatives, orphans, and the needy, 00:08:45.500 --> 00:08:48.500 Bequeath a portion of your wealth to the relatives, 00:08:48.500 --> 00:08:52.500 And speak to the orphans and the needy in terms of appropriate kindness, 00:08:52.500 --> 00:08:55.980 Praying for goodness on their behalf. 00:08:55.980 --> 00:09:05.980 “And let those fear (in their behaviour toward orphans) who if they left behind them weak offspring would be afraid for them. So let them mind their duty to Allah, and speak justly.” (4:9) 00:09:05.980 --> 00:09:11.980 “And let those fear (in their behaviour toward orphans) who if they left behind them weak offspring would be afraid for them. So let them mind their duty to Allah, and speak justly.” (4:9) 00:09:11.980 --> 00:09:16.980 And let them speak words of appropriate justice. 00:09:17.980 --> 00:09:23.659 “And let those fear (in their behaviour toward orphans) who if they left behind them weak offspring would be afraid for them. So let them mind their duty to Allah, and speak justly.” (4:9) 00:09:23.659 --> 00:09:28.659 They would fear poverty for their own offspring if they had dispersed their wealth during their lives 00:09:28.659 --> 00:09:31.659 Or distributed it by means of a will 00:09:31.659 --> 00:09:35.659 To their relatives and to the orphans and the needy, 00:09:35.659 --> 00:09:40.659 Preferring instead to keep their wealth for their children out of fear of poverty befalling them after their death, 00:09:40.659 --> 00:09:43.659 Given their vulnerability and incapacity to earn a livelihood. 00:09:43.659 --> 00:09:50.659 So let them direct whoever is making a bequest in their presence concerning his relatives, the orphans, the needy, 00:09:50.659 --> 00:09:53.659 And other matters of his estate, to act with complete justice; 00:09:53.659 --> 00:09:57.659 And let them fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice, 00:09:57.659 --> 00:10:01.659 Which is to inform him of what Allah has permitted him regarding bequests, 00:10:01.659 --> 00:10:07.659 And what He has chosen for testators among the people of faith in Allah, His Book, and His Sunnah. 00:10:23.360 --> 00:10:28.809 Indeed, those who consume the property of orphans unjustly 00:10:28.809 --> 00:10:32.840 Only swallow fire into their bellies on the Day of Resurrection, 00:10:32.840 --> 00:10:36.840 And they will burn in a blazing, ignited Fire. 00:11:00.639 --> 00:11:03.639 Here concludes the text. 00:11:03.639 --> 00:11:13.639 “Allah chargeth you concerning (the provision for) your children: to the male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance, and if there be one (only) then the half. And to each of his parents a sixth of the inheritance, if he have a son; and if he have no son and his parents are his heirs, then to his mother appertaineth the third; and if he have brethren, then to his mother appertaineth the sixth, after any legacy he may have bequeathed, or debt (hath been paid). Your parents and your children: Ye know not which of them is nearer unto you in usefulness. It is an injunction from Allah. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise.” (4:11) 00:11:13.639 --> 00:11:21.639 “Allah chargeth you concerning (the provision for) your children: to the male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance, and if there be one (only) then the half. And to each of his parents a sixth of the inheritance, if he have a son; and if he have no son and his parents are his heirs, then to his mother appertaineth the third; and if he have brethren, then to his mother appertaineth the sixth, after any legacy he may have bequeathed, or debt (hath been paid). Your parents and your children: Ye know not which of them is nearer unto you in usefulness. It is an injunction from Allah. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise.” (4:11) 00:11:21.639 --> 00:11:28.639 “Allah chargeth you concerning (the provision for) your children: to the male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance, and if there be one (only) then the half. And to each of his parents a sixth of the inheritance, if he have a son; and if he have no son and his parents are his heirs, then to his mother appertaineth the third; and if he have brethren, then to his mother appertaineth the sixth, after any legacy he may have bequeathed, or debt (hath been paid). Your parents and your children: Ye know not which of them is nearer unto you in usefulness. It is an injunction from Allah. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise.” (4:11) 00:11:28.639 --> 00:11:35.639 After any bequest he may have made or debt. 00:11:35.639 --> 00:11:45.639 “Allah chargeth you concerning (the provision for) your children: to the male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance, and if there be one (only) then the half. And to each of his parents a sixth of the inheritance, if he have a son; and if he have no son and his parents are his heirs, then to his mother appertaineth the third; and if he have brethren, then to his mother appertaineth the sixth, after any legacy he may have bequeathed, or debt (hath been paid). Your parents and your children: Ye know not which of them is nearer unto you in usefulness. It is an injunction from Allah. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise.” (4:11) 00:11:45.639 --> 00:11:55.470 “Allah chargeth you concerning (the provision for) your children: to the male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance, and if there be one (only) then the half. And to each of his parents a sixth of the inheritance, if he have a son; and if he have no son and his parents are his heirs, then to his mother appertaineth the third; and if he have brethren, then to his mother appertaineth the sixth, after any legacy he may have bequeathed, or debt (hath been paid). Your parents and your children: Ye know not which of them is nearer unto you in usefulness. It is an injunction from Allah. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise.” (4:11) 00:12:00.179 --> 00:12:05.179 If one of you passes away leaving behind male and female children, 00:12:05.179 --> 00:12:10.179 Then for his male and female offspring is his entire inheritance divided among them: 00:12:10.179 --> 00:12:14.179 For the male, what is equal to the share of two females. 00:12:14.179 --> 00:12:19.179 But if the surviving daughters left by the deceased are more than two in number, 00:12:19.179 --> 00:12:22.179 Then for his daughters is two-thirds of the estate; 00:12:22.179 --> 00:12:27.179 And if there is only one surviving daughter left, then for her is half of what he left. 00:12:27.179 --> 00:12:32.179 And for the parents of the deceased, to each one of them is a sixth of his estate, 00:12:32.179 --> 00:12:39.240 If he has a child, whether male or female, single or multiple. 00:12:39.240 --> 00:12:45.240 But if the deceased has no child, male or female, and his parents inherit from him, 00:12:45.240 --> 00:12:49.269 Then for his mother is a third of his estate. 00:12:49.269 --> 00:12:53.269 But if he has siblings—two or more— 00:12:53.269 --> 00:12:56.269 Whether they are two females or more, 00:12:56.269 --> 00:12:59.269 Or two males or more, 00:12:59.269 --> 00:13:03.269 Or one of them is male and the other female, 00:13:03.269 --> 00:13:05.269 Then for his mother is a sixth. 00:13:05.269 --> 00:13:09.269 All of that is divided after the settlement of any debts owed by the deceased, 00:13:09.269 --> 00:13:12.299 And after the execution of his will. 00:13:12.299 --> 00:13:18.299 Your parents and your children—give them their prescribed rights from the inheritance of their deceased, 00:13:18.299 --> 00:13:26.299 For you do not know which of them is nearer and of greater benefit to you in the immediate worldly life or in the hereafter. 00:13:26.299 --> 00:13:30.299 And if he has siblings, then for his mother is a sixth— 00:13:30.299 --> 00:13:33.299 Determined shares made clear by Allah. 00:13:33.299 --> 00:13:37.299 Indeed, Allah is ever All-Knowing of what rectifies His creation, 00:13:37.299 --> 00:13:40.299 And ever All-Wise in His management, 00:13:40.299 --> 00:13:44.299 And in the rulings He decrees among you.