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Summary of the concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah

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The misguidance of both philosophers and theologians on the issue of prophethood

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Prophethood, as we have previously stated, is divine revelation to a human being.

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Two groups remained on this issue.

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First, the philosophers.

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They made prophethood an acquired matter,

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which one obtains through their effort, self-discipline, and extensive contemplation.

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And they ruled out the possibility of revelation from Allah to any human being.

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Second, the theologians.

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They intended to refute the philosophers' claim with pure reason,

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in their usual manner of prioritizing reason over textual evidence.

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So they began with their tripartite division of rational matters:

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the rationally obligatory, the rationally impossible, and the rationally permissible.

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If the philosophers considered prophethood, which means revelation,

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to be in the category of the rationally impossible,

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then the Mu'tazilah placed it in the category of the rationally obligatory.

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And the Ash'aris placed it in the category of the rationally permissible.

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The reason for their collective misguidance on the issue of prophethood

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is their prioritization of reason over textual evidence and their reliance on it.

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The decisive word is that prophethood, while rationally permissible,

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has been indicated by the reasoning we have previously presented,

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by examining the excellent conduct of the Prophet and his worship of his Lord,

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and by examining the truthfulness of the miracles he possessed,

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and that Allah has supported him with them.

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Summary of the concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah