In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
With the pens of longing
And the ink of love
We are recording lines more precious than gold.
Regarding the description of the Master of Creation, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
The Prophetic characteristics (Shama'il)
Chapter on what has been narrated regarding the names of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
Jubayr Ibn Mut'im, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that he said:
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:
I have names.
I am Muhammad.
And I praise Allah.
And I am al-Mahi (the Effacer), through whom Allah shall efface disbelief.
The one through whom Allah effaces disbelief.
And I am the Gatherer.
He who will gather the people upon His two feet.
And I am the 'Aqib (the last of the prophets).
And the Final One, after whom there is no prophet.
In this hadith
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, informs us that he has several names.
Among them is Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
This is his name, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
Whom his grandfather, ‘Abd al-Muttalib, named.
Through the inspiration of Allah, the Exalted.
So that he may be praiseworthy in this world and the Hereafter.
And the meaning of Muhammad is...
He who possesses virtuous attributes.
And the noble virtues that are worthy of praise.
And among his names is Ahmad.
He is the person who praises Allah the most.
And they are the greatest of people in their praise of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic.
This is why, when the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, intercedes,
For the first and the last generations on the Day of Resurrection.
Allah teaches him through the praise and commendation bestowed upon him.
That which belongs to no one else among all the worlds.
Among his names is al-Mahi (the Effacer).
He explained that by saying:
He is the one through whom Allah erases disbelief.
Meaning that Allah, the Exalted, sent him to eradicate disbelief through him.
And through it, He effaces misguidance.
And through it, He opens eyes that were blind and hearts that were sealed.
And He made our ears deaf.
And among His names is al-Hashir (the Gatherer).
He explained it by saying:
The One who will gather all people upon His two feet.
Meaning that he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
People will come forward on the Day of Resurrection.
And he will be the first person for whom the grave splits open.
Then the people followed in his footsteps.
And among his names is al-'Aqib (the Successor).
Meaning that Allah, glorified and exalted is He, has ordained it.
the Seal of the Prophets.
There is no prophet after him.
He is the 'Aqib (the Successor), who came after all the prophets.
And His saying:
And the Final One, after whom there is no prophet.
It has been said that this statement is among the words of al-Zuhri.
Thus, it is considered an interpolated addition to the hadith.
And on the authority of Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, he said:
I met the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
In some of the routes of Medina
He then said
I am Muhammad.
And I praise Allah.
And I am the Prophet of mercy.
And the Prophet of repentance.
And I am the Successor.
And I am the Gatherer.
And the Prophet of the great battles.
In this hadith
A mention of the names of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
In addition to what was mentioned in the previous hadith.
Among these is the Prophet of Mercy, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
Meaning, Allah the Exalted sent him to be a mercy to the worlds.
For all mercy lies in following him, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
Among them is the Prophet of Repentance.
So the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent him.
to call people to Allah.
towards repentance to Allah, the Exalted.
And turning in repentance to Him.
Thus, the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was
The leader of those who frequently repent.
Among them is the one who follows in the footsteps of others.
Or the one who follows in his footsteps.
It is a concept that is highly active and influential.
Its meaning, therefore, is
The one who followed, meaning he pursued or came after.
The legacy of the Prophets, peace be upon them.
Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
And from this is His saying, the Exalted:
“Those are they whom Allah guideth, so follow their guidance. Say (O Muhammad, unto mankind): I ask of you no fee for it. Lo! it is naught but a Reminder to (His) creatures.” (6:90)
So follow his guidance.
And it is a passive participle.
Its meaning, therefore, is
Who followed in the footsteps of the prophets.
That is, he came after them.
And from this is His saying, the Exalted:
Then We sent Our messengers following in their footsteps.
The intended meaning in both expressions is one and the same.
Among his names is the Prophet of the Great Battles.
The term *malahim* is the plural of *malhama*.
It is the war.
And war was termed a 'malhama' (epic battle).
Because flesh and bodies
In it, they become intertwined and inseparable.
And it is afflicted by what it is afflicted by.
Whoever strikes or stabs.
A beneficial point.
Does the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, have
Other names.
Scholars have authored works dedicated to compiling the names of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
Numerous scholarly compilations.
They have differed regarding many names.
Is it valid to attribute it to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, or not?
And among the most significant causes of the disagreement
That some of them considered every description
Which the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to describe it.
In the Noble Qur'an.
Among His names
Consider, for example, one of His names.
The witness and the bringer of glad tidings.
And the warner and the caller.
And the illuminating lamp.
Some of those who concerned themselves with this matter have indeed gone to great lengths.
He then conveyed the names of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
to three hundred names
Among them are those who traced them to a thousand names.
And the correct view is
That which has a basis in the foundational texts.
The name of
And that is but a small amount.
Or a description
And he is the most...
Beyond that, there is no basis for it.
Thus, the term 'Prophet'—may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him—should not be applied in a general or unrestricted sense.
Being wary of excess and extremism.
Chapter on what has been narrated regarding the life of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
Simak Ibn Harb reported:
I heard al-Nu'man Ibn Bashir, may Allah be pleased with him, saying:
Are you not enjoying whatever food and drink you desire?
I have indeed seen your Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
And he would not even find enough poor-quality dates to fill his stomach.
In this hadith, al-Nu'man ibn Bashir (may Allah be pleased with both of them) says:
To those around him from the Tabi'un.
Are you not enjoying whatever food and drink you desire?
This means you have reached a certain state of living.
For whatever food or drink you may desire or crave.
You will find it made easy for you.
Then he continues by saying
I have indeed seen your Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
And he would not even find enough poor-quality dates to fill his stomach.
Ad-daqal refers to inferior-quality dates.
Meaning that he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
He could not even find enough of the lowest-quality dates to fill his stomach.
How, then, could it be regarding his neck?
Not to mention other types of fine food.
'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, reported:
We, the family of Muhammad, peace be upon him, were such that
We would remain for a month without lighting a fire.
It is nothing but dates and water.
In this hadith
'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, mentions
That the family of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
They would often go for a month at a time without lighting a fire.
This means that they were not in the habit of baking bread.
And they should not cook anything during this period.
And her statement, "It is nothing but dates and water."
This means that their only food was dates and water.
And on the authority of Abu Qilabah, may Allah be pleased with him, he said:
We complained to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, about our hunger.
And we lifted our stomachs away from the stone, one stone after another.
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, raised
From his stomach, [he tied] two stones.
In this hadith
That the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them,
They complained to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, about their hunger.
They lifted their garments to reveal a stone tied against their stomachs.
Meaning that each one of them tied a stone against his stomach.
In order to appease their hunger.
When a person is overcome by intense hunger,
For he would press his hand against his stomach.
He then feels that his hunger has subsided.
Thus, the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, were
Sometimes, the period of hunger lasts a long time for them.
At that point, it is not sufficient to merely press on the abdomen with the hand.
Each one of them would take a small stone.
And he would bind it tightly against his stomach.
And regarding his statement, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, raised [his hands/his voice].
Regarding his stomach, [he tied] two stones [to it].
That is, due to the intensity of the hunger.
This hadith is weak.
However, its meaning is correct.
Other authentic hadiths bear witness to it.
Among these instances is what has been recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari.
Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that he said
On the day of the Trench, we were digging.
Then, a severe hardship was presented.
Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, came.
They said, "This is a trench that has appeared in the ditch."
He said, "I will descend."
Then he stood up, with a stone bound against his stomach.
We had remained for three days without tasting a thing.
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, went out
at an hour he would not usually go out,
and no one would meet him at that time.
Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, came to him.
He said, "What brought you here, O Abu Bakr?"
He replied, "I went out to meet the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
to look upon his face and greet him."
It was not long before ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, came.
He said, "What brought you here, O ‘Umar?"
He said, "Hunger, O Messenger of Allah."
He, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"I have also experienced some of that."
So they set off to the home of Abu al-Haytham ibn al-Tayyihan al-Ansari.
He was a man with many date palms and sheep,
but he had no servants.
They did not find him.
They said to his wife,
"Where is your husband?"
She said,
"He went out to fetch us some fresh water."
It was not long before Abu al-Haytham arrived, carrying a water skin.
He set it down,
then came to embrace the Prophet, peace be upon him,
and offered his own father and mother as a ransom for him.
Then he took them to his garden.
He spread a mat for them.
Then he went to his date palms
and returned with a cluster of dates, which he placed before them.
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"Could you not have selected some of the ripe dates for us?"
He said, "O Messenger of Allah,
I wanted you to choose or select from both the ripe and the semi-ripe dates."
So they ate,
and drank from that water.
Then he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"This, by the One in whose hand is my soul,
is part of the bounty about which you will be questioned on the Day of Resurrection:
cool shade,
delicious dates,
and cold water."
Abu al-Haytham went off to prepare some food for them.
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"Do not slaughter for us a milk-producing animal."
So he slaughtered a young goat or a kid for them.
He brought it to them,
and they ate.
Then he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"Do you have a servant?"
He said, "No."
He said,
"When some captives come to us, come to us."
Then two captives were brought to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and no third with them.
Abu al-Haytham came to him,
and the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"Choose one of the two."
He said,
"O Messenger of Allah, choose for me."
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"The one consulted is a trustee.
Take this one,
for I have seen him praying.
And treat him well."
Abu al-Haytham went to his wife
and told her what the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had said.
His wife said,
"You will not fulfill the right of what the Prophet, peace be upon him, said about him
except by setting him free."
He said,
"Then he is free."
Then he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"Allah has not sent a prophet or a caliph
but that he has two inner circles:
an inner circle that enjoins him to do good and forbids him from evil,
and an inner circle that does not spare him any corruption.
Whoever is protected from the evil inner circle has indeed been protected."
In this hadith is a remarkable story
that clarifies the state of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
and his senior Companions regarding their asceticism in this world,
and the trials of hunger and hardship they faced at times.
For he, peace be upon him, went out
at an hour he would not usually go out.
This hour, and Allah knows best, was during the day.
Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, came to him,
and he was constantly with the Prophet, peace be upon him,
in a complete companionship, both at home and while traveling.
He said, "What brought you here, O Abu Bakr?"
He said, "I went out to meet the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,"
meaning he desired to meet the Prophet, peace be upon him,
to look at him and hear his speech.
This is what brought him out at that hour.
They had not waited long before ‘Umar came.
He, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"What brought you here, O ‘Umar?"
He said, "Hunger, O Messenger of Allah."
He, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"I have also experienced some of that,"
meaning from the hunger.
So they set off to the home of Abu al-Haytham ibn al-Tayyihan al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased with him.
He was a man with many date palms and sheep,
whom Allah, the Almighty, had blessed with wealth.
He had an orchard of date palms and livestock,
but he had no servants.
They did not find him at home,
so they asked his wife about him.
She said,
"He went out to fetch us fresh water,"
meaning he carried a water skin and went to bring us fresh water.
They had not waited long before Abu al-Haytham arrived, carrying a water skin,
meaning he was carrying it.
When he saw the Prophet, peace be upon him, and those with him,
he set the water skin down from his shoulder,
then came to embrace the Prophet, peace be upon him,
meaning he hugged him out of joy at his arrival,
and offered his father and mother as a ransom for him,
meaning he said to him, "I ransom you with my father and mother, O Messenger of Allah."
Then he took them to his garden,
meaning his orchard.
He spread a mat for them,
meaning he placed a covering on the ground for them to sit on.
Then he went to a date palm
and returned with a cluster of dates, which he placed down.
He means he brought a whole branch containing both ripe and semi-ripe dates,
and placed it before the Prophet, peace be upon him.
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"Could you not have selected some of the ripe dates for us?"
Meaning there was no need to cut the entire cluster from the tree;
if you had picked some ripe dates for us, it would have sufficed.
He said, "O Messenger of Allah,
I wanted you to choose from its ripe and semi-ripe dates."
Meaning when the whole cluster is before a person,
he can choose what he likes from it,
which is more appetizing and delicious than if some were picked for him.
The Prophet, peace be upon him, and his two companions ate,
and they drank from that fresh water
which he had brought in the water skin.
Then he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"This, by the One in whose hand is my soul,
is part of the bounty about which you will be questioned on the Day of Resurrection:
cool shade, delicious dates, and cold water."
Then he recited:
“Then, on that day, ye will be asked concerning pleasure.” (102:8)
Bounty is everything a person enjoys
and finds pleasure in during this life.
Then Abu al-Haytham, may Allah be pleased with him, went off
to prepare food for them,
because what they had eaten of the dates was by way of fruit.
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"Do not slaughter a milk-producing animal,"
meaning do not slaughter a milking ewe,
so that it remains to benefit from its milk.
So he slaughtered a young goat or a kid for them.
The 'anaq' is a young female goat,
and the 'jadi' is a young male goat.
He brought them the food after he had cooked, prepared, and arranged it.
They ate,
and he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to him,
"Do you have a servant?" This question
was for the sake of rewarding him for this deed.
He said, "No."
So he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"When some captives come to us, come to us."
Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was brought
two captives, and no third with them.
Meaning the Prophet, peace be upon him, was brought
two men who had been captured from the enemy,
with no third person with them.
Abu al-Haytham came to him at the appointed time,
and the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to him,
"Choose one of the two."
He said,
"O Messenger of Allah, choose for me."
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"The one consulted is a trustee."
Meaning that whoever is consulted by someone
has been entrusted to be sincere to him.
So he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,
"Take this one, for I have seen him praying."
In this is the greatness of the matter of prayer,
and that it is the first thing one should be concerned with when asking about people,
whether for marriage, employment, or other matters.
Then the Prophet, peace be upon him, advised him to treat him well.
Abu al-Haytham went off with him to his wife
and informed her of the words of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
and his recommendation regarding this servant.
His wife said,
"You will not fulfill the right of what the Prophet, peace be upon him, said about him
except by setting him free."
Abu al-Haytham, may Allah be pleased with him, said without hesitation,
"Then he is free."
Knowing that Abu al-Haytham, may Allah be pleased with him,
had a farm with date palms and trees
that required work,
and he also had livestock
It requires care.
He is also occupied with the needs of his family.
He draws water for them to drink.
And he has no one to serve him.
So when this servant came to him,
he emancipated him, acting upon the instruction of the Prophet, peace be upon him.
The Prophet, peace be upon him, said:
"Allah has not sent a prophet nor a successor
but that he has two inner circles:
an inner circle that commands him to do good and forbids him from evil,
and an inner circle that does not spare him from corruption."
The inner circle,
what is meant by it
is the minister and the advisor,
and the counselor who is close to a person.
So if a ruler has an inner circle of good,
then this is from the success granted by Allah, the Glorified and Exalted.
And if he has an inner circle of evil,
then he must beware of them,
for they do not spare him from corruption.
Meaning, they do not care about causing him to fall into evil and corruption.
Then the Prophet, peace be upon him, said:
"And whoever is protected from an evil inner circle has indeed been protected."
This means that if Allah honors a ruler
by protecting him from an evil inner circle,
then he has been protected from evil, corruption, and ruin.
The hadith has more to follow, if Allah wills.
And Allah knows best.
May Allah send peace and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad,
and upon all his family and companions.