WEBVTT 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:03.600 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:04.370 --> 00:00:06.370 Ifadah Center 00:00:06.370 --> 00:00:09.650 for Humanities Studies and Research 00:00:09.650 --> 00:00:11.970 presents 00:00:11.970 --> 00:00:17.920 The Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari 00:00:17.920 --> 00:00:20.320 Chapter: Zakat on Cattle 00:00:20.320 --> 00:00:24.690 Narrated Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:00:24.690 --> 00:00:28.769 I came to the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:00:28.769 --> 00:00:29.969 and he said: 00:00:29.969 --> 00:00:32.289 "By Him in Whose hand is my soul," 00:00:32.450 --> 00:00:35.890 or "By Him besides Whom there is no god," 00:00:35.890 --> 00:00:37.890 or as he swore, 00:00:37.890 --> 00:00:43.009 "There is no man who possesses camels, cows, or sheep 00:00:43.009 --> 00:00:45.409 and does not pay their due, 00:00:45.409 --> 00:00:48.289 but he will be brought on the Day of Resurrection 00:00:48.289 --> 00:00:51.329 in their greatest and fattest form, 00:00:51.329 --> 00:00:56.109 trampling him with their hooves and goring him with their horns. 00:00:56.109 --> 00:01:00.750 Whenever the last of them passes, the first of them returns to him, 00:01:00.829 --> 00:01:04.640 until judgment is passed between the people." 00:01:04.640 --> 00:01:08.030 Commentary on the hadith: 00:01:08.030 --> 00:01:10.829 "I came to" means I arrived at. 00:01:10.829 --> 00:01:16.129 "Man" is used in the general sense, which includes women. 00:01:16.129 --> 00:01:19.730 "Does not pay their due" refers to zakat. 00:01:19.730 --> 00:01:23.120 It is said it may also include other obligations. 00:01:23.120 --> 00:01:25.120 "In their greatest form" 00:01:25.120 --> 00:01:27.700 means in strength and fatness. 00:01:27.700 --> 00:01:29.939 "Trampling him with their hooves" 00:01:30.019 --> 00:01:33.120 means treading upon him with their feet. 00:01:33.120 --> 00:01:36.319 "Whenever they pass" means whenever they go by. 00:01:36.319 --> 00:01:39.280 "Returns" means they are brought back. 00:01:39.280 --> 00:01:41.680 "Until judgment is passed between the people" 00:01:41.680 --> 00:01:45.230 means until the reckoning is finished. 00:01:45.230 --> 00:01:48.829 Benefits of the hadith: 00:01:48.829 --> 00:01:54.510 The hadith indicates the obligation of zakat on camels, cows, and sheep. 00:01:54.510 --> 00:01:56.909 Some have used this hadith as evidence 00:01:56.989 --> 00:02:03.390 that the milk of livestock and the fruits of trees contain a right for the poor and the wayfarer. 00:02:03.390 --> 00:02:06.180 This right is distinct from zakat. 00:02:06.180 --> 00:02:12.500 The hadith shows that the Prophet, peace be upon him, warned his Ummah against withholding zakat 00:02:12.500 --> 00:02:14.419 and described the punishment for doing so. 00:02:14.419 --> 00:02:17.969 Thus, there is no excuse for those who withhold it on the Day of Resurrection. 00:02:17.969 --> 00:02:24.030 It also permits swearing an oath without being asked to do so. 00:02:24.030 --> 00:02:27.780 Chapter: Zakat on Relatives 00:02:27.780 --> 00:02:31.729 Narrated Anas Ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:02:31.729 --> 00:02:37.090 Abu Talhah was the wealthiest of the Ansar in Medina in terms of palm trees. 00:02:37.090 --> 00:02:41.169 His most beloved property was Bayruha. 00:02:41.169 --> 00:02:44.050 It faced the mosque, 00:02:44.050 --> 00:02:51.360 and the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, used to enter it and drink from its sweet water. 00:02:51.360 --> 00:02:52.879 Anas said: 00:02:52.879 --> 00:02:55.520 When this verse was revealed: 00:02:55.520 --> 00:03:01.199 ﴾You will not attain righteousness until you spend from that which you love﴿, 00:03:01.199 --> 00:03:06.960 Abu Talhah stood up and went to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and said: 00:03:06.960 --> 00:03:08.909 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:03:08.909 --> 00:03:12.509 Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, says: 00:03:12.509 --> 00:03:18.270 ﴾You will not attain righteousness until you spend from that which you love﴿. 00:03:18.270 --> 00:03:21.949 My most beloved property is Bayruha, 00:03:21.949 --> 00:03:24.590 and it is a charity for the sake of Allah. 00:03:24.669 --> 00:03:28.270 I hope for its righteousness and its reward with Allah. 00:03:28.270 --> 00:03:32.419 So place it, O Messenger of Allah, where Allah shows you." 00:03:32.419 --> 00:03:33.620 He said: 00:03:33.620 --> 00:03:37.620 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:03:37.620 --> 00:03:41.060 "Well done! That is a profitable property. 00:03:41.060 --> 00:03:43.949 That is a profitable property." 00:03:43.949 --> 00:03:45.389 In one narration: 00:03:45.389 --> 00:03:47.870 "That is a productive property. 00:03:47.870 --> 00:03:50.830 That is a productive property. 00:03:50.830 --> 00:03:53.310 I have heard what you said." 00:03:53.310 --> 00:03:54.750 In one narration: 00:03:54.750 --> 00:03:58.349 "We have accepted it from you and returned it to you, 00:03:58.349 --> 00:04:02.319 and I see that you should give it to your relatives." 00:04:02.319 --> 00:04:04.240 Abu Talhah said: 00:04:04.240 --> 00:04:06.750 "I will do so, O Messenger of Allah." 00:04:06.750 --> 00:04:11.870 So Abu Talhah distributed it among his relatives and his cousins. 00:04:11.870 --> 00:04:13.310 In one narration: 00:04:13.310 --> 00:04:16.589 "Among them were Ubayy and Hassan." 00:04:16.589 --> 00:04:17.629 He said: 00:04:17.629 --> 00:04:21.709 Hassan sold his share of it to Mu'awiyah. 00:04:21.709 --> 00:04:23.230 It was said to him: 00:04:23.230 --> 00:04:25.949 "Do you sell the charity of Abu Talhah?" 00:04:25.949 --> 00:04:27.230 He replied: 00:04:27.230 --> 00:04:31.870 "Shall I not sell a sa' of dates for a sa' of dirhams?" 00:04:31.870 --> 00:04:32.990 He said: 00:04:32.990 --> 00:04:40.220 That garden was located where the palace of Banu Hudaylah, which Mu'awiyah built, now stands. 00:04:40.220 --> 00:04:43.569 Commentary on the hadith: 00:04:43.569 --> 00:04:45.009 "Bayruha" 00:04:45.009 --> 00:04:48.240 is the orchard that contained the well of Bayruha. 00:04:48.240 --> 00:04:52.769 "Faced the mosque" means it was opposite it. 00:04:52.850 --> 00:04:55.730 "Drink from its sweet water" 00:04:55.730 --> 00:04:57.980 refers to the water of Bayruha. 00:04:57.980 --> 00:05:00.139 "You will not attain righteousness" 00:05:00.139 --> 00:05:02.860 means you will not reach or achieve righteousness, 00:05:02.860 --> 00:05:07.819 which is all goodness, including types of obedience and rewards 00:05:07.819 --> 00:05:11.329 that lead its possessor to Paradise. 00:05:11.329 --> 00:05:15.009 “Ye will not attain unto piety until ye spend of that which ye love. And whatsoever ye spend, Allah is Aware thereof.” (3:92) 00:05:15.009 --> 00:05:20.610 This means until you spend from your precious wealth that your souls love. 00:05:20.610 --> 00:05:27.569 For when you prioritize the love of Allah over the love of wealth and spend it for His pleasure, 00:05:27.569 --> 00:05:30.529 it demonstrates your sincere faith, 00:05:30.529 --> 00:05:34.050 the righteousness of your hearts, and the certainty of your piety. 00:05:34.050 --> 00:05:37.649 This includes spending precious wealth, 00:05:37.649 --> 00:05:40.050 spending in times of need, 00:05:40.050 --> 00:05:43.170 and spending in times of health. 00:05:43.170 --> 00:05:44.769 "I hope for its righteousness" 00:05:44.769 --> 00:05:46.930 means I seek its goodness. 00:05:46.930 --> 00:05:48.449 "And its reward" 00:05:48.449 --> 00:05:52.610 means I offer it forward and store it so I may find it there. 00:05:52.610 --> 00:05:53.810 "Well done" (Bakhan) 00:05:53.810 --> 00:05:57.980 is a word said to express praise and satisfaction with something. 00:05:57.980 --> 00:05:59.579 "Among his relatives" 00:05:59.579 --> 00:06:01.819 refers to kinship by blood. 00:06:01.819 --> 00:06:03.420 "And his cousins" 00:06:03.420 --> 00:06:07.540 is an example of mentioning the specific after the general. 00:06:07.540 --> 00:06:11.170 Benefits of the hadith: 00:06:11.170 --> 00:06:13.329 One learns from the hadith 00:06:13.329 --> 00:06:17.329 the permissibility of attributing the love of wealth to a righteous man. 00:06:17.410 --> 00:06:21.089 It also permits owning orchards and real estate. 00:06:21.089 --> 00:06:26.610 Earning through real estate is permissible if it is lawful and one pays its due. 00:06:26.610 --> 00:06:31.889 It is permissible for a person to enter the orchard of his companions and drink from its water, 00:06:31.889 --> 00:06:34.990 and eat from its fruits and food. 00:06:34.990 --> 00:06:39.230 The hadith provides guidance on consulting people of knowledge and virtue 00:06:39.230 --> 00:06:42.509 regarding the methods and ways of performing acts of obedience and other matters. 00:06:42.509 --> 00:06:45.069 It encourages spending from what one loves. 00:06:45.069 --> 00:06:49.629 It permits appointing agents for charities, gifts, and endowments, 00:06:49.629 --> 00:06:52.779 and similar matters that accept representation. 00:06:52.779 --> 00:06:57.259 It confirms the validity of absolute charity and absolute endowment, 00:06:57.259 --> 00:07:02.300 which is that whose recipient is not specified, and is then specified later. 00:07:02.300 --> 00:07:10.579 It is permissible to praise the giver of charity if there is no fear of fitnah (temptation/pride) for the giver. 00:07:10.579 --> 00:07:11.620 Chapter: 00:07:11.620 --> 00:07:15.620 There is no zakat on a Muslim's horse. 00:07:15.699 --> 00:07:19.300 Narrated Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:07:19.300 --> 00:07:22.740 The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 00:07:22.740 --> 00:07:28.079 "There is no zakat on a Muslim for his horse or his slave." 00:07:28.079 --> 00:07:31.300 Commentary on the hadith: 00:07:31.300 --> 00:07:34.980 "His horse" refers to his mount. 00:07:34.980 --> 00:07:38.019 "His slave" refers to the one who serves him. 00:07:38.019 --> 00:07:41.379 "Zakat" here means the obligatory alms. 00:07:41.379 --> 00:07:44.910 Benefits of the hadith: 00:07:44.910 --> 00:07:47.069 One learns from the hadith 00:07:47.069 --> 00:07:49.069 that there is no zakat on horses, 00:07:49.069 --> 00:07:51.819 unless they are for trade. 00:07:51.819 --> 00:07:54.060 It also permits a person to say, 00:07:54.060 --> 00:07:58.110 "So-and-so's slave." 00:07:58.110 --> 00:08:02.899 Chapter: Zakat on the Husband and Orphans under Guardianship 00:08:02.899 --> 00:08:06.180 Narrated Zaynab, the wife of Abdullah, who said: 00:08:06.180 --> 00:08:07.860 I was in the mosque 00:08:07.860 --> 00:08:11.459 and saw the Prophet, peace be upon him. 00:08:11.459 --> 00:08:12.819 He said: 00:08:12.819 --> 00:08:16.339 "Give charity, even from your jewelry." 00:08:16.339 --> 00:08:19.459 Zaynab used to provide for Abdullah 00:08:19.459 --> 00:08:22.100 and orphans under her guardianship. 00:08:22.100 --> 00:08:23.220 She said: 00:08:23.220 --> 00:08:25.220 She said to Abdullah, 00:08:25.220 --> 00:08:29.139 "Ask the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:08:29.139 --> 00:08:31.620 if it is sufficient for me to spend on you 00:08:31.620 --> 00:08:35.460 and on the orphans under my guardianship from my charity." 00:08:35.460 --> 00:08:36.659 He said: 00:08:36.659 --> 00:08:40.980 "You ask the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him." 00:08:40.980 --> 00:08:44.820 So I went to the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:08:44.820 --> 00:08:48.019 and found a woman from the Ansar at the door 00:08:48.100 --> 00:08:50.740 who had the same need as I did. 00:08:50.740 --> 00:08:53.059 Bilal passed by us, 00:08:53.059 --> 00:08:54.419 and we said: 00:08:54.419 --> 00:08:57.620 "Ask the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:08:57.620 --> 00:09:03.220 if it is sufficient for me to spend on my husband and orphans under my guardianship." 00:09:03.220 --> 00:09:04.500 We said: 00:09:04.500 --> 00:09:06.580 "Do not tell him who we are." 00:09:06.580 --> 00:09:08.659 He entered and asked him. 00:09:08.659 --> 00:09:09.860 He said: 00:09:09.860 --> 00:09:11.379 "Who are they?" 00:09:11.379 --> 00:09:12.419 He said: 00:09:12.419 --> 00:09:13.860 "Zaynab." 00:09:13.860 --> 00:09:14.899 He said: 00:09:14.899 --> 00:09:16.779 "Which Zaynab?" 00:09:16.779 --> 00:09:17.779 He said: 00:09:17.779 --> 00:09:19.960 "The wife of Abdullah." 00:09:19.960 --> 00:09:21.000 He said: 00:09:21.000 --> 00:09:22.080 "Yes, 00:09:22.080 --> 00:09:23.759 she has two rewards: 00:09:23.759 --> 00:09:27.700 the reward of kinship and the reward of charity." 00:09:27.700 --> 00:09:31.409 Commentary on the hadith: 00:09:31.409 --> 00:09:35.610 Abdullah is Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:09:35.610 --> 00:09:37.409 "From your jewelry" 00:09:37.409 --> 00:09:38.570 Jewelry 00:09:38.570 --> 00:09:42.509 is what a woman adorns herself with, such as gold and the like. 00:09:42.509 --> 00:09:43.870 "Sufficient" 00:09:43.870 --> 00:09:47.980 An orphan is one whose father has died while he is still a minor. 00:09:47.980 --> 00:09:49.620 "Under her guardianship" 00:09:49.620 --> 00:09:55.620 means under her care and supervision, and she is responsible for their upbringing. 00:09:55.620 --> 00:09:57.419 "Is it sufficient for me?" 00:09:57.419 --> 00:09:59.620 means is it enough for me? 00:09:59.620 --> 00:10:00.779 "I went" 00:10:00.779 --> 00:10:02.500 means I departed. 00:10:02.500 --> 00:10:04.980 "Who had the same need as I did" 00:10:04.980 --> 00:10:08.539 means she had a question like mine. 00:10:08.539 --> 00:10:10.580 "Bilal passed by us" 00:10:10.580 --> 00:10:13.019 means Bilal passed by us. 00:10:13.019 --> 00:10:14.820 "Do not tell him who we are" 00:10:14.820 --> 00:10:18.389 means do not say that the questioner is so-and-so. 00:10:18.389 --> 00:10:20.110 "The reward of kinship" 00:10:20.110 --> 00:10:23.090 means the reward for maintaining family ties. 00:10:23.090 --> 00:10:26.740 Benefits of the hadith: 00:10:26.740 --> 00:10:28.779 The following points are derived from the hadith: 00:10:28.779 --> 00:10:31.779 The legitimacy of a woman going to the mosque, 00:10:31.779 --> 00:10:35.059 Listening to sermons, and acting upon them. 00:10:35.059 --> 00:10:39.779 It also establishes the permissibility of a woman asking about a fiqh-related issue, 00:10:39.779 --> 00:10:43.019 And the permissibility of her sending someone to ask the scholar on her behalf, 00:10:43.019 --> 00:10:45.299 Or going herself to ask. 00:10:45.379 --> 00:10:51.340 It also permits a person to ask about a matter concerning themselves in an indirect or generalized manner. 00:10:51.340 --> 00:10:59.279 The hadith indicates that for some deeds, the doer receives a reward from two sources. 00:10:59.279 --> 00:11:01.720 Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: 00:11:01.720 --> 00:11:03.919 I said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:11:03.919 --> 00:11:08.120 Do I have a reward if I spend on the sons of Abu Salamah? 00:11:08.120 --> 00:11:10.419 They are, after all, my sons." 00:11:10.419 --> 00:11:11.740 He replied, 00:11:11.740 --> 00:11:13.659 "Spend on them, 00:11:13.659 --> 00:11:17.669 For you have the reward of what you spend on them." 00:11:17.669 --> 00:11:20.929 Commentary on the hadith: 00:11:20.929 --> 00:11:22.289 "Do I have a reward?" 00:11:22.289 --> 00:11:24.490 Meaning: Is there a reward for me? 00:11:24.490 --> 00:11:26.370 "They are, after all, my sons," 00:11:26.370 --> 00:11:28.250 Meaning: They are the children of Abu Salamah. 00:11:28.250 --> 00:11:32.720 They were ‘Umar, Muhammad, Zaynab, and Durrah. 00:11:32.720 --> 00:11:36.350 Benefits of the hadith: 00:11:36.350 --> 00:11:40.909 The hadith shows that a woman’s spending on her children is considered charity. 00:11:40.909 --> 00:11:45.029 It contains an indication of the perfection of maternal compassion. 00:11:45.029 --> 00:11:48.429 It highlights the virtue of caring for a close relative who is an orphan, 00:11:48.470 --> 00:11:52.649 And spending upon them. 00:11:52.649 --> 00:11:55.169 Chapter: The Statement of Allah the Exalted: 00:11:55.169 --> 00:11:59.909 “The alms are only for the poor and the needy, and those who collect them, and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, and to free the captives and the debtors, and for the cause of Allah, and (for) the wayfarer; a duty imposed by Allah. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (9:60) 00:11:59.909 --> 00:12:03.580 Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 00:12:03.580 --> 00:12:08.299 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded the payment of zakat. 00:12:08.299 --> 00:12:10.500 It was said that Ibn Jamil refused, 00:12:10.500 --> 00:12:12.419 As did Khalid ibn al-Walid, 00:12:12.419 --> 00:12:15.340 And ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib. 00:12:15.340 --> 00:12:18.860 The Prophet (peace be upon him) then said: 00:12:18.860 --> 00:12:23.220 "Ibn Jamil only resents this because he was poor, 00:12:23.220 --> 00:12:25.940 And Allah and His Messenger enriched him. 00:12:25.940 --> 00:12:30.460 As for Khalid, you are being unjust to him; 00:12:30.460 --> 00:12:34.889 He has already set aside his armor and equipment for the sake of Allah. 00:12:34.889 --> 00:12:37.769 As for ‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, 00:12:37.769 --> 00:12:41.649 He is the uncle of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:12:41.649 --> 00:12:46.429 So it is charity upon him, and an equal amount along with it." 00:12:46.429 --> 00:12:49.850 Commentary on the hadith: 00:12:49.850 --> 00:12:51.049 "It was said": 00:12:51.049 --> 00:12:54.350 The speaker was ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:12:54.350 --> 00:12:56.110 "Ibn Jamil": 00:12:56.110 --> 00:12:58.350 It is said his name was ‘Abdullah. 00:12:58.350 --> 00:13:01.429 "Resents" (yanqam) means he denies or objects to it. 00:13:01.429 --> 00:13:05.190 The meaning is that he should not have withheld the zakat. 00:13:05.190 --> 00:13:08.230 He had been poor, and Allah enriched him, 00:13:08.230 --> 00:13:11.370 So this is not the proper way to show gratitude for the blessing. 00:13:11.370 --> 00:13:15.330 "Set aside his armor" (ihtabasa) means he dedicated his armor as an endowment. 00:13:15.330 --> 00:13:16.769 "And equipment" (a‘tadah): 00:13:16.769 --> 00:13:20.610 Meaning what a man prepares of mounts and weaponry. 00:13:20.610 --> 00:13:22.330 "For the sake of Allah": 00:13:22.330 --> 00:13:26.620 Meaning they are endowed for jihad in the path of Allah. 00:13:26.620 --> 00:13:28.779 "It is charity upon him": 00:13:28.779 --> 00:13:34.789 The meaning is that the Prophet (peace be upon him) pays it on his behalf. 00:13:34.789 --> 00:13:38.460 Benefits of the hadith: 00:13:38.460 --> 00:13:42.539 The hadith confirms the obligation of zakat on trade goods. 00:13:42.539 --> 00:13:45.620 It shows that a person may offer excuses for their companions 00:13:45.620 --> 00:13:48.100 If their outward conduct seems to show negligence, 00:13:48.100 --> 00:13:50.740 While one knows otherwise about them. 00:13:50.740 --> 00:13:54.379 The hadith shows the leader’s duty to check on those who possess wealth, 00:13:54.379 --> 00:13:57.019 To see whether they have paid their zakat or not. 00:13:57.019 --> 00:14:02.779 It contains a warning to the heedless regarding the blessing of wealth Allah has bestowed upon them after poverty, 00:14:02.779 --> 00:14:05.500 So that they may fulfill the right of Allah upon them. 00:14:05.500 --> 00:14:09.259 It includes criticism and disapproval of those who withhold what is mandatory, 00:14:09.259 --> 00:14:13.799 And the permissibility of mentioning this in their absence for a valid interest. 00:14:13.840 --> 00:14:18.559 It permits the waiving of zakat on endowed assets. 00:14:18.559 --> 00:14:25.169 The hadith indicates the permissibility of delaying zakat for a valid interest. 00:14:25.169 --> 00:14:28.659 Chapter: Seeking Chastity and Refraining from Asking. 00:14:28.659 --> 00:14:32.220 Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: 00:14:32.220 --> 00:14:37.620 Some people from the Ansar asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:14:37.620 --> 00:14:39.340 And he gave to them. 00:14:39.340 --> 00:14:41.980 Then they asked him again, and he gave to them. 00:14:41.980 --> 00:14:44.580 Then they asked him again, and he gave to them, 00:14:44.580 --> 00:14:47.259 Until what he had was exhausted. 00:14:47.259 --> 00:14:48.700 He then said: 00:14:48.700 --> 00:14:53.379 "Whatever wealth I have, I will never withhold it from you. 00:14:53.379 --> 00:14:56.299 Whoever seeks to be chaste, Allah will make him chaste. 00:14:56.299 --> 00:14:59.059 Whoever seeks to be self-sufficient, Allah will make him self-sufficient. 00:14:59.059 --> 00:15:02.539 Whoever seeks to be patient, Allah will grant him patience. 00:15:02.539 --> 00:15:08.340 And no one has been given a gift better and more encompassing than patience." 00:15:08.340 --> 00:15:11.779 Commentary on the hadith: 00:15:11.779 --> 00:15:14.970 "Exhausted" (nafada) means it was depleted. 00:15:15.009 --> 00:15:17.370 "I will never withhold it from you": 00:15:17.370 --> 00:15:20.090 Meaning I will not store it away for others, 00:15:20.090 --> 00:15:21.929 While turning away from you. 00:15:21.929 --> 00:15:23.049 It is also said: 00:15:23.049 --> 00:15:25.570 I will not keep it back from you. 00:15:25.570 --> 00:15:28.289 "Whoever seeks to be chaste, Allah will make him chaste": 00:15:28.289 --> 00:15:30.649 Meaning whoever strives to refrain from asking, 00:15:30.649 --> 00:15:33.350 Allah will grant him contentment. 00:15:33.350 --> 00:15:35.909 "Whoever seeks to be self-sufficient, Allah will make him self-sufficient": 00:15:35.909 --> 00:15:38.710 Meaning whoever seeks to be independent of people, 00:15:38.710 --> 00:15:41.309 Allah will grant him independence from people, 00:15:41.309 --> 00:15:44.019 So he will not be in need of anyone. 00:15:44.019 --> 00:15:46.980 "Whoever seeks to be patient, Allah will grant him patience": 00:15:46.980 --> 00:15:50.990 Meaning whoever practices patience, Allah will bestow patience upon him. 00:15:50.990 --> 00:15:53.470 "Better and more encompassing than patience": 00:15:53.470 --> 00:15:56.039 Meaning better than patience itself. 00:15:56.039 --> 00:15:59.830 Benefits of the hadith: 00:15:59.830 --> 00:16:01.789 The following is derived from the hadith: 00:16:01.789 --> 00:16:04.950 The recommendation to give to a requester twice, 00:16:04.950 --> 00:16:09.029 To apologize to the requester, and to encourage chastity. 00:16:09.029 --> 00:16:14.830 It encourages patience in the face of hardship in life and other worldly adversities. 00:16:14.830 --> 00:16:21.070 The hadith indicates the necessity of turning to Allah the Exalted in all matters, 00:16:21.070 --> 00:16:25.590 Because self-sufficiency and chastity come through the success granted by Allah the Exalted. 00:16:25.590 --> 00:16:29.669 It demonstrates the generosity of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 00:16:29.669 --> 00:16:34.309 And the extent of his munificence, kindness, and altruism. 00:16:34.309 --> 00:16:39.919 It shows that the reward is of the same nature as the deed. 00:16:39.919 --> 00:16:42.759 From Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:16:42.799 --> 00:16:47.149 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:16:47.149 --> 00:16:49.309 "By Him in Whose hand is my soul, 00:16:49.309 --> 00:16:51.870 For one of you to take his rope, 00:16:51.870 --> 00:16:54.309 And gather firewood on his back, 00:16:54.309 --> 00:16:55.669 In one narration: 00:16:55.669 --> 00:16:58.950 And sell it, then eat and give charity, 00:16:58.950 --> 00:17:03.029 Is better for him than to come to a man and ask him, 00:17:03.029 --> 00:17:05.759 Whether he gives him or refuses him." 00:17:05.759 --> 00:17:09.039 And from Zubayr ibn al-‘Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:17:09.039 --> 00:17:13.000 From the Prophet (peace be upon him), who said: 00:17:13.000 --> 00:17:15.440 "For one of you to take his rope, 00:17:15.440 --> 00:17:19.920 And bring a bundle of firewood on his back and sell it, 00:17:19.920 --> 00:17:22.680 Whereby Allah protects his honor, 00:17:22.680 --> 00:17:25.519 Is better for him than to ask people, 00:17:25.519 --> 00:17:28.910 Whether they give him or refuse him." 00:17:28.910 --> 00:17:32.200 Commentary on the hadith: 00:17:32.200 --> 00:17:35.680 "Gather firewood" (yahtatib) means collecting wood. 00:17:35.680 --> 00:17:40.680 "Whether he gives him": In giving, there is a sense of obligation and the humiliation of asking. 00:17:40.680 --> 00:17:42.079 "Or refuses him": 00:17:42.079 --> 00:17:46.470 In refusal, there is humiliation, disappointment, and deprivation. 00:17:46.470 --> 00:17:49.029 "Whereby Allah protects his honor": 00:17:49.029 --> 00:17:54.990 Meaning Allah prevents his face from losing its dignity through the act of asking. 00:17:54.990 --> 00:17:58.549 Benefits of the hadith: 00:17:58.549 --> 00:18:00.670 The following is derived from the hadith: 00:18:00.670 --> 00:18:05.710 The incitement to eat from the work of one's own hands and to earn through permissible means. 00:18:05.710 --> 00:18:07.910 It shows the dislike of asking. 00:18:07.910 --> 00:18:09.990 There is detail regarding this. 00:18:09.990 --> 00:18:14.589 The hadith shows that a person demeaning themselves and bearing hardship 00:18:14.589 --> 00:18:19.299 Is better for them than asking. 00:18:19.299 --> 00:18:23.339 Hakim ibn Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 00:18:23.339 --> 00:18:27.059 I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:18:27.059 --> 00:18:28.660 And he gave to me. 00:18:28.660 --> 00:18:31.420 Then I asked him again, and he gave to me. 00:18:31.420 --> 00:18:34.299 Then I asked him again, and he gave to me. 00:18:34.299 --> 00:18:35.819 Then he said: 00:18:35.819 --> 00:18:37.339 "O Hakim, 00:18:37.339 --> 00:18:40.940 This wealth is green and sweet. 00:18:40.940 --> 00:18:42.259 In one narration: 00:18:42.299 --> 00:18:44.279 Green and sweet. 00:18:44.279 --> 00:18:48.759 Whoever takes it with a generous soul, it will be blessed for him, 00:18:48.759 --> 00:18:53.480 And whoever takes it with a greedy soul, it will not be blessed for him, 00:18:53.480 --> 00:18:56.660 Like one who eats but is never satisfied. 00:18:56.660 --> 00:19:00.750 The upper hand is better than the lower hand." 00:19:00.750 --> 00:19:02.309 Hakim said: 00:19:02.309 --> 00:19:04.589 I said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:19:04.589 --> 00:19:06.950 By Him who sent you with the truth, 00:19:06.950 --> 00:19:12.700 I will not take anything from anyone after you until I leave this world." 00:19:12.700 --> 00:19:17.539 Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) used to call Hakim to give him his share, 00:19:17.539 --> 00:19:20.259 But he would refuse to accept it from him. 00:19:20.259 --> 00:19:24.339 Then ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) called him to give him, 00:19:24.339 --> 00:19:27.740 But he refused to accept anything from him. 00:19:27.740 --> 00:19:29.339 ‘Umar said: 00:19:29.339 --> 00:19:33.619 "I call you as witnesses, O community of Muslims, regarding Hakim, 00:19:33.619 --> 00:19:37.140 That I am offering him his right from this fay’ (spoils), 00:19:37.140 --> 00:19:39.630 But he refuses to take it." 00:19:39.630 --> 00:19:46.069 So Hakim did not take anything from anyone after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:19:46.069 --> 00:19:49.230 Until he passed away. 00:19:49.230 --> 00:19:52.460 Commentary on the hadith: 00:19:52.460 --> 00:19:54.380 "Green and sweet": 00:19:54.380 --> 00:19:57.339 Green is desirable to the eye, 00:19:57.339 --> 00:19:59.619 And sweet to the taste. 00:19:59.619 --> 00:20:02.980 When they combine, they increase desire. 00:20:02.980 --> 00:20:04.660 "With a generous soul": 00:20:04.660 --> 00:20:08.380 Meaning without greed, covetousness, or longing. 00:20:08.380 --> 00:20:10.259 "It will be blessed for him": 00:20:10.299 --> 00:20:13.940 Blessing is the abundance and continuity of good. 00:20:13.940 --> 00:20:15.500 "With a greedy soul": 00:20:15.500 --> 00:20:17.660 Meaning intense desire and covetousness, 00:20:17.660 --> 00:20:20.759 And the requester exposing themselves to the act of asking. 00:20:20.759 --> 00:20:22.359 "The upper hand": 00:20:22.359 --> 00:20:24.480 It is the hand that gives. 00:20:24.480 --> 00:20:25.400 "Better": 00:20:25.400 --> 00:20:26.960 Meaning superior. 00:20:26.960 --> 00:20:28.720 "Than the lower hand": 00:20:28.720 --> 00:20:30.910 It is the hand that asks. 00:20:30.910 --> 00:20:32.869 "I will not take anything" (la arza’u): 00:20:32.869 --> 00:20:35.859 Meaning I will not diminish anyone's wealth by asking. 00:20:35.859 --> 00:20:38.339 "Until I leave this world": 00:20:38.339 --> 00:20:40.420 Meaning until I die. 00:20:40.460 --> 00:20:42.019 "To give him": 00:20:42.019 --> 00:20:46.420 The gift is wealth assigned to him in the public treasury. 00:20:46.420 --> 00:20:47.619 "But he refuses": 00:20:47.619 --> 00:20:49.539 Meaning he abstains. 00:20:49.539 --> 00:20:51.299 "From this fay’": 00:20:51.299 --> 00:20:53.779 Fay’ is what the Muslims obtain 00:20:53.779 --> 00:20:57.539 From the wealth of the enemy without fighting. 00:20:57.539 --> 00:21:01.220 Benefits of the hadith: 00:21:01.220 --> 00:21:03.460 The hadith teaches us 00:21:03.460 --> 00:21:06.180 the permissibility of repeating a request three times, 00:21:06.180 --> 00:21:08.900 and the permissibility of refusing it on the fourth. 00:21:08.900 --> 00:21:11.700 It also indicates that if a petitioner is importunate, 00:21:11.740 --> 00:21:13.380 there is no harm in turning them away, 00:21:13.380 --> 00:21:16.740 and instructing them to practice self-restraint and abandon greed. 00:21:16.740 --> 00:21:20.730 It further shows that true generosity of spirit is asceticism (zuhd). 00:21:20.730 --> 00:21:24.450 The hadith also establishes that one who accepts wealth with a generous spirit 00:21:24.450 --> 00:21:26.450 attains the reward of asceticism, 00:21:26.450 --> 00:21:28.839 and blessing in their provision. 00:21:28.839 --> 00:21:33.200 It also shows that moderation in seeking worldly things is accompanied by blessing. 00:21:33.200 --> 00:21:35.480 It also demonstrates the legitimacy of using parables, 00:21:35.480 --> 00:21:41.099 including those that the listener might not immediately grasp. 00:21:41.140 --> 00:21:47.839 Chapter: Regarding one to whom Allah gives something without them asking or coveting it. 00:21:47.839 --> 00:21:50.359 From ‘Abdullah Ibn al-Sa‘di, 00:21:50.359 --> 00:21:53.960 that he came to ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) during his caliphate, 00:21:53.960 --> 00:21:56.140 and ‘Umar said to him, 00:21:56.140 --> 00:22:01.140 "Have I not been informed that you manage some of the people’s affairs, 00:22:01.140 --> 00:22:04.650 and when you are given payment for the work, you dislike it?" 00:22:04.650 --> 00:22:06.549 I replied, "Yes." 00:22:06.549 --> 00:22:08.150 ‘Umar then said, 00:22:08.150 --> 00:22:10.549 "What is your intention in doing that?" 00:22:10.549 --> 00:22:11.589 I said, 00:22:11.589 --> 00:22:14.230 "I possess horses and slaves, 00:22:14.230 --> 00:22:15.990 and I am in a good state. 00:22:15.990 --> 00:22:20.740 I want my payment to be a charity for the Muslims." 00:22:20.740 --> 00:22:22.099 ‘Umar said, 00:22:22.099 --> 00:22:23.819 "Do not do that, 00:22:23.819 --> 00:22:26.940 for I once intended what you intend. 00:22:26.940 --> 00:22:30.140 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:22:30.140 --> 00:22:32.019 would give me a gift, 00:22:32.019 --> 00:22:33.380 and I would say, 00:22:33.380 --> 00:22:36.500 'Give it to someone poorer than me.' 00:22:36.500 --> 00:22:39.660 Until one day he gave me some wealth, 00:22:39.660 --> 00:22:40.859 and I said, 00:22:40.859 --> 00:22:43.940 'Give it to someone poorer than me.' 00:22:43.940 --> 00:22:47.339 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, 00:22:47.339 --> 00:22:50.900 'Take it, possess it, and give charity from it. 00:22:50.900 --> 00:22:56.660 Whatever comes to you of this wealth without you coveting it or asking for it, take it; 00:22:56.660 --> 00:23:00.569 otherwise, do not let your soul pursue it.'" 00:23:00.569 --> 00:23:03.819 Commentary on the hadith: 00:23:03.819 --> 00:23:04.740 "Tali" (manage), 00:23:04.740 --> 00:23:07.099 meaning you take charge of work. 00:23:07.099 --> 00:23:08.420 "‘Amalah" (payment), 00:23:08.420 --> 00:23:10.460 meaning the wage for the work. 00:23:10.500 --> 00:23:12.740 "What is your intention in doing that?" 00:23:12.740 --> 00:23:16.099 meaning, what is your ultimate goal in this refusal? 00:23:16.099 --> 00:23:18.380 "Afrasan wa ‘abdan" (horses and slaves), 00:23:18.380 --> 00:23:20.539 "Afrasan" is the plural of "faras" (horse). 00:23:20.539 --> 00:23:23.329 "‘Abdan" is the plural of "‘abd" (slave). 00:23:23.329 --> 00:23:24.609 "Al-‘ata’" (the gift), 00:23:24.609 --> 00:23:28.519 meaning the wealth that the Imam distributes for the public interest. 00:23:28.519 --> 00:23:29.920 "Fatamawwalhu" (possess it), 00:23:29.920 --> 00:23:31.759 meaning take it and make it your property, 00:23:31.759 --> 00:23:33.980 then dispose of it. 00:23:33.980 --> 00:23:35.420 "Ghayr mushrif" (without coveting), 00:23:35.420 --> 00:23:38.890 meaning not greedy for it, nor looking toward it. 00:23:38.890 --> 00:23:40.329 "Wa la sa’il" (nor asking), 00:23:40.329 --> 00:23:41.930 meaning for the wealth. 00:23:41.930 --> 00:23:44.690 "Wa illa fala tutbi‘hu nafsak" (otherwise, do not let your soul pursue it), 00:23:44.690 --> 00:23:47.930 meaning if it does not come to you, do not seek it, 00:23:47.930 --> 00:23:49.839 but rather leave it. 00:23:49.839 --> 00:23:53.599 Benefits of the hadith: 00:23:53.599 --> 00:23:55.880 The hadith teaches 00:23:55.880 --> 00:24:01.359 the permissibility of accepting provision for one who works in the interests of the Muslims. 00:24:01.359 --> 00:24:07.160 It also shows that accepting wealth that comes without asking is better than refusing it, 00:24:07.160 --> 00:24:11.440 because if one were to refuse it, they might fall into wasting wealth. 00:24:11.480 --> 00:24:16.640 It also shows that the Imam may give wealth to a man even if others are more in need of it than him, 00:24:16.640 --> 00:24:21.440 if he sees a valid reason for doing so. 00:24:21.440 --> 00:24:25.160 Chapter: Regarding one who asks people for wealth to increase their own. 00:24:25.160 --> 00:24:29.259 From ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:24:29.259 --> 00:24:32.740 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, 00:24:32.740 --> 00:24:35.579 "A man will continue to ask people 00:24:35.579 --> 00:24:41.930 until he comes on the Day of Resurrection with no flesh on his face." 00:24:41.970 --> 00:24:45.289 Commentary on the hadith: 00:24:45.289 --> 00:24:47.650 "A man will continue to ask," 00:24:47.650 --> 00:24:50.410 indicates the frequency of asking. 00:24:50.410 --> 00:24:53.690 "Maz‘at lahm" means a piece of flesh. 00:24:53.690 --> 00:24:58.230 This is because he humiliated his face by asking. 00:24:58.230 --> 00:25:01.769 Benefits of the hadith: 00:25:01.769 --> 00:25:06.289 The hadith points to the fact that the recompense is of the same nature as the deed. 00:25:06.289 --> 00:25:09.490 So, whoever sacrifices the dignity of their face to accumulate wealth, 00:25:09.490 --> 00:25:14.029 will come on the Day of Resurrection with the flesh stripped from their face. 00:25:14.029 --> 00:25:16.190 It also encourages self-restraint (isti‘faf), 00:25:16.190 --> 00:25:19.099 and not asking unless there is a need. 00:25:19.099 --> 00:25:22.299 It also indicates that whoever asks people to increase their wealth, 00:25:22.299 --> 00:25:27.880 is considered wealthy, and charity is not lawful for them. 00:25:27.880 --> 00:25:32.059 From ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:25:32.059 --> 00:25:35.019 "The sun will draw near on the Day of Resurrection, 00:25:35.019 --> 00:25:38.559 until the sweat reaches half the ear." 00:25:38.559 --> 00:25:40.079 In one narration: 00:25:40.119 --> 00:25:44.200 "People will be on their knees on the Day of Resurrection, 00:25:44.200 --> 00:25:47.240 every nation following its Prophet, 00:25:47.240 --> 00:25:51.460 saying, 'O so-and-so, intercede for us.' 00:25:51.460 --> 00:25:53.420 While they are in that state, 00:25:53.420 --> 00:25:55.539 they will seek help from Adam, 00:25:55.539 --> 00:25:57.259 then from Musa, 00:25:57.259 --> 00:26:01.140 then from Muhammad (peace be upon him). 00:26:01.140 --> 00:26:04.259 He will intercede so that judgment may be passed among the creation. 00:26:04.259 --> 00:26:08.180 He will walk until he takes hold of the ring of the door, 00:26:08.180 --> 00:26:12.539 and on that day, Allah will raise him to a praised station (Maqam Mahmud), 00:26:12.539 --> 00:26:16.700 which all the people of the gathering will praise." 00:26:16.700 --> 00:26:19.990 Commentary on the hadith: 00:26:19.990 --> 00:26:22.670 "Tadnu" means it will draw near. 00:26:22.670 --> 00:26:24.710 "They sought help from Adam," 00:26:24.710 --> 00:26:28.880 meaning they asked him to intercede for them to begin the reckoning. 00:26:28.880 --> 00:26:30.920 "So that judgment may be passed among the creation," 00:26:30.920 --> 00:26:33.880 meaning to relieve the people of the gathering from its terrors, 00:26:33.880 --> 00:26:35.759 by judging between them, 00:26:35.759 --> 00:26:38.460 and finishing their reckoning. 00:26:38.460 --> 00:26:40.539 "Maqam Mahmud" (praised station), 00:26:40.539 --> 00:26:43.099 is the station of the Great Intercession. 00:26:43.099 --> 00:26:48.180 This station is exclusive to the Prophet (peace be upon him). 00:26:48.180 --> 00:26:49.619 "Ahl al-jam‘" (people of the gathering), 00:26:49.619 --> 00:26:52.069 meaning the people of the place of assembly (Mahshar). 00:26:52.069 --> 00:26:55.809 Benefits of the hadith: 00:26:55.809 --> 00:26:59.970 The hadith describes the severity of the Day of Assembly for the people. 00:26:59.970 --> 00:27:05.089 It also shows people turning to the Prophets (peace be upon them) on the Day of Resurrection. 00:27:05.130 --> 00:27:10.190 Likewise, salvation is found by turning to the path of the Prophets. 00:27:10.190 --> 00:27:14.630 The hadith also clarifies the excellence of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 00:27:14.630 --> 00:27:19.670 and the confirmation of the Great Intercession for the Prophet (peace be upon him), 00:27:19.670 --> 00:27:22.349 which is the Praised Station. 00:27:22.349 --> 00:27:28.880 It also shows the legitimacy of asking for help when there is a need or a public interest. 00:27:28.880 --> 00:27:31.400 Chapter: Regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted: 00:27:31.400 --> 00:27:34.880 "They do not ask people at all" (la yas’aluna al-nasa ilhafa). 00:27:34.880 --> 00:27:37.730 And what constitutes wealth? 00:27:37.730 --> 00:27:40.569 From Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:27:40.569 --> 00:27:45.000 that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:48.400 "The poor person is not the one who goes around among the people, 00:27:48.400 --> 00:27:51.690 whom a morsel or two of food turns away, 00:27:51.690 --> 00:27:53.089 in one narration: 00:27:53.089 --> 00:27:55.809 a meal or two, 00:27:55.809 --> 00:27:58.650 or a date or two. 00:27:58.650 --> 00:28:00.890 Rather, the poor person is..." 00:28:00.890 --> 00:28:02.369 In one narration: 00:28:02.369 --> 00:28:05.890 "The poor person is only the one who practices self-restraint." 00:28:05.930 --> 00:28:07.970 And they recited, if you wish, 00:28:07.970 --> 00:28:09.730 meaning His saying: 00:28:09.730 --> 00:28:13.509 "They do not ask people at all," 00:28:13.509 --> 00:28:16.029 the one who does not find enough wealth to suffice him, 00:28:16.029 --> 00:28:19.430 and people do not notice him so that they might give him charity, 00:28:19.430 --> 00:28:22.940 and he does not stand up and ask people. 00:28:22.940 --> 00:28:24.380 In one narration: 00:28:24.380 --> 00:28:25.900 "And he is shy." 00:28:25.900 --> 00:28:30.200 Or: "They do not ask people at all." 00:28:30.200 --> 00:28:33.750 Commentary on the hadith: 00:28:33.750 --> 00:28:35.630 Chapter: Regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted: 00:28:35.630 --> 00:28:38.630 "They do not ask people at all," 00:28:38.630 --> 00:28:41.630 meaning they do not ask them with importunity. 00:28:41.630 --> 00:28:43.509 Rather, if a request is issued by them, 00:28:43.509 --> 00:28:45.309 when they are in need of it, 00:28:45.309 --> 00:28:47.950 they do not persist with those they ask. 00:28:47.950 --> 00:28:51.829 These are the most deserving of people to be given charity, 00:28:51.829 --> 00:28:55.500 because of the beautiful qualities described. 00:28:55.500 --> 00:28:56.539 "Yatawwaf" (goes around), 00:28:56.539 --> 00:28:58.700 meaning he wanders and passes by. 00:28:58.700 --> 00:29:00.779 "Does not find enough wealth to suffice him," 00:29:00.779 --> 00:29:03.220 meaning he does not find what is enough for him. 00:29:03.220 --> 00:29:04.980 "And people do not notice him," 00:29:05.019 --> 00:29:08.640 meaning people have no knowledge of his condition. 00:29:08.640 --> 00:29:12.339 Benefits of the hadith: 00:29:12.339 --> 00:29:14.339 The hadith teaches 00:29:14.339 --> 00:29:17.339 good guidance regarding where to place charity, 00:29:17.339 --> 00:29:19.859 and that one should strive to place it with those who deserve it. 00:29:19.859 --> 00:29:22.609 Self-restraint without importunity. 00:29:22.609 --> 00:29:24.609 The hadith also praises the poor person 00:29:24.609 --> 00:29:26.609 who is overcome by modesty, 00:29:26.609 --> 00:29:28.609 so they do not ask people. 00:29:28.609 --> 00:29:30.609 It also shows the desirability of modesty 00:29:30.609 --> 00:29:32.609 in all circumstances.