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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

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The military expeditions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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The Expedition of Tabuk.

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It was the last military expedition of the Prophet, peace be upon him.

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The poet of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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Hassan Ibn Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him, recited for us

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an ode enumerating the military expeditions of the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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in which he praised the Ansar alongside the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

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Hassan said:

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"Are you not the finest of all Ma'add in kindred,

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and in lineage, whether taken broadly or accounted for in detail?

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A people who were all present at Badr together

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alongside the Messenger; they never fell short, nor did they falter.

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And they pledged allegiance to him, and not one of them

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broke faith, nor was there any corruption in their belief.

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And on the morning they met the enemy in the ravine of Uhud,

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with steadfast strikes blazing like the heat of fire.

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And on the day of Dhu Qarad, when he mobilized them

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upon noble steeds, they neither betrayed nor shrank back.

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And at Dhu al-'Ushayrah, they swept through it with their cavalry

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beside the Messenger, brandishing bright swords and lances.

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And on the day of Waddan, they routed its people,

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with horses galloping until the rugged plains and mountains were pacified.

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And on the night they pursued their enemy

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solely for Allah, and Allah shall reward them for what they did.

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And on the night of Hunayn, they struck with swords beside him,

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while he quenched their thirst with battle when they rushed forward.

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And the expedition on the day of Najd, where they attained

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a mighty advance through which Islam and the spoils prevailed.

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And the expedition of Dhat al-Riqa', wherein they scattered the enemy,

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just as scattered camel herds are dispersed across the plains.

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And on the day of the Pledge, they were the people who swore allegiance to him

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unto combat; they comforted him and never wavered.

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And in the expedition of the Conquest, they served in his detachment,

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stationed firmly; they neither panicked nor acted rashly.

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They all marched forward, resolute heroes,

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with unsheathed, polished swords trembling in their right hands,

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bending during strikes at times and straightening at others.

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And on the day the Messenger of Allah marched forth seeking Allah's reward,

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toward Tabuk, they were his foremost banners,

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and the masters of war whenever war confronted them,

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until both advance and triumphant return became apparent.

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Those are the people, the Ansar of the Prophet, and they are

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my own folk to whom I return whenever I trace my lineage.

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They died with noble honor, their covenants never breached,

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and their deaths were in the cause of Allah whenever they were slain."

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The pilgrimage of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, leading the people.

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, returned

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from Tabuk and remained in Taybah, the Prophetic City of Madinah,

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for the remainder of Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhu al-Qi'dah.

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Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, appointed

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Abu Bakr al-Siddiq as the leader of the Hajj pilgrimage

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in the ninth year after his migration.

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Abu Bakr departed to lead the people in pilgrimage,

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and there was revealed to the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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the clarification of the rulings regarding covenants between him and the polytheists.

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Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said:

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“Freedom from obligation (is proclaimed) from Allah and His messenger toward those of the idolaters with whom ye made a treaty.” (9:1)

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“Freedom from obligation (is proclaimed) from Allah and His messenger toward those of the idolaters with whom ye made a treaty.” (9:1)

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“Travel freely in the land four months, and know that ye cannot escape Allah and that Allah will confound the disbelievers (in His Guidance).” (9:2)

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"And know that you cannot escape Allah,

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and know that you cannot escape Allah,

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and that Allah will disgrace the disbelievers."

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“And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3)

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“And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3)

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"That Allah is free from obligation

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to the polytheists, and so is His Messenger."

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“And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3)

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"And if you turn away, then know

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that you cannot escape Allah."

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“And a proclamation from Allah and His messenger to all men on the day of the Greater Pilgrimage that Allah is free from obligation to the idolaters, and (so is) His messenger. So, if ye repent, it will be better for you; but if ye are averse, then know that ye cannot escape Allah. Give tidings (O Muhammad) of a painful doom to those who disbelieve,” (9:3)

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“Excepting those of the idolaters with whom ye (Muslims) have a treaty, and who have since abated nothing of your right nor have supported anyone against you. (As for these), fulfil their treaty to them till their term. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:4)

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“Excepting those of the idolaters with whom ye (Muslims) have a treaty, and who have since abated nothing of your right nor have supported anyone against you. (As for these), fulfil their treaty to them till their term. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:4)

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“Excepting those of the idolaters with whom ye (Muslims) have a treaty, and who have since abated nothing of your right nor have supported anyone against you. (As for these), fulfil their treaty to them till their term. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:4)

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“Excepting those of the idolaters with whom ye (Muslims) have a treaty, and who have since abated nothing of your right nor have supported anyone against you. (As for these), fulfil their treaty to them till their term. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:4)

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"So fulfill their covenant toward them."

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“Excepting those of the idolaters with whom ye (Muslims) have a treaty, and who have since abated nothing of your right nor have supported anyone against you. (As for these), fulfil their treaty to them till their term. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty (unto Him).” (9:4)

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“Then, when the sacred months have passed, slay the idolaters wherever ye find them, and take them (captive), and besiege them, and prepare for them each ambush. But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then leave their way free. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (9:5)

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"Kill the polytheists wherever you find them,

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seize them, besiege them, and sit in wait for them."

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“Then, when the sacred months have passed, slay the idolaters wherever ye find them, and take them (captive), and besiege them, and prepare for them each ambush. But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then leave their way free. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (9:5)

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"And establish prayer and give zakat,

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then clear their way. Indeed, Allah loves..."

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"Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."

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When these verses were revealed to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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he commanded 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib

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to set out after Abu Bakr carrying these verses,

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in order to announce the repudiation of the covenants to the polytheists.

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For it was the custom of the Arabs that if someone entered into a pact,

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no one else could revoke or return his pact on his behalf.

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When 'Ali caught up with Abu Bakr,

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Abu Bakr asked: "Are you appointed as a commander or as a subordinate?"

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He replied: "Rather, as a subordinate." So Abu Bakr al-Siddiq entered

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Makkah, leading the people in the pilgrimage that year,

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and 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, stood proclaiming among the people:

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"O people! No disbeliever shall enter Paradise,

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no polytheist shall perform Hajj after this year,

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no naked person shall circumambulate the House, and whoever has a covenant with the Messenger of Allah,

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it shall remain valid until its designated term."

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Thus, the polytheists were divided into three categories:

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The first group had a fixed-term covenant, so it was honored until its term,

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as stated by 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, expiring at the end of its duration.

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The second group had no covenant at all;

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these were granted a respite by Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He.

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The third group had a covenant that was set to expire before four months had passed;

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regarding these, the scholars have differed:

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was their term extended to four months,

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or limited to their original agreed-upon duration?

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The most apparent view is that it was extended to four months, and Allah knows best.

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It is narrated on the authority of Yazid Ibn Yuthay' that he said:

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"We asked 'Ali: 'With what message were you dispatched during that Hajj?'

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He said: 'I was dispatched with four instructions: no one shall enter Paradise

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except a believing soul; no naked person shall circumambulate the House;

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a Muslim and a disbeliever shall not assemble together in the Sacred Mosque

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after this year of theirs; and whoever has between himself and

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the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, a covenant,

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his covenant shall stand until its term; while whoever has no covenant,

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his respite is four months.'"

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Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

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"Abu Bakr sent me during that Hajj among the criers

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whom he dispatched on the Day of Sacrifice to announce at Mina:

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'No polytheist shall perform Hajj after this year,

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and no naked person shall circumambulate the House.'

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Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent

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'Ali Ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with them both, following Abu Bakr."

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He said: "So 'Ali proclaimed along with us to the people of Mina on the Day of Sacrifice:

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the proclamation of renunciation (Bara'ah), that no polytheist shall perform Hajj after this year,

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and that no naked person shall circumambulate the House."

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Treasures of the Prophetic biography: The Year of Delegations,

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the ninth year of the Hijrah.

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In this year, the words of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, were revealed:

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"When the victory of Allah has come and the conquest,"

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“And thou seest mankind entering the religion of Allah in troops,” (110:2)

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“Then hymn the praises of thy Lord, and seek forgiveness of Him. Lo! He is ever ready to show mercy.” (110:3)

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"Indeed, He is ever Accepting of repentance."

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The fulfillment of this verse was demonstrated

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as delegations began arriving to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, in multitudes,

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one group following another to the city of the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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pledging allegiance to the Prophet, peace be upon him, upon Islam,

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or entering into peace treaties with him.

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Treasures of the Prophetic biography: The delegation of Thaqif.

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Among them was Kinanah Ibn 'Abd Yalil,

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who was their chieftain at that time,

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and among them was 'Uthman Ibn Abi al-'As,

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who was the youngest of the delegation.

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Al-Mughirah Ibn Shu'bah said:

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"O Messenger of Allah,

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allow my people to lodge with me so that I may host them generously,

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for my past bloodshed among them is still fresh."

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That is because, before accepting Islam,

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he had attacked some of his kinfolk, killed them,

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and then brought their wealth

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to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and embraced Islam.

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Whereupon the Prophet, peace be upon him, told him:

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"As for your Islam, I accept it,

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but as for the wealth, I have no part in it."

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to him:

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"I do not forbid you from being hospitable to your people,

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but lodge them where they can hear the Qur'an."

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Then he instructed him, after showing them hospitality,

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to house the delegation of Thaqif in the mosque.

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Tents were pitched for them so that they might hear the Qur'an

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and observe the people when they prayed.

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Whenever the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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delivered a sermon, he would not mention his own name;

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that is, he would praise Allah alone.

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So when the delegation of Thaqif heard him, they remarked:

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"He commands us to bear witness that he is the Messenger of Allah,

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yet he does not bear witness to it in his sermon."

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When their words reached him, he said:

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"Indeed, I am the first to bear witness that I am the Messenger of Allah."

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They used to come early to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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every day,

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leaving 'Uthman Ibn Abi al-'As behind to watch over their mounts and luggage,

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because he was the youngest.

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Whenever the group returned at midday and fell asleep, 'Uthman

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would slip away to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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asking him about the religion and listening to the Qur'an from him.

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He visited him repeatedly

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until he gained deep understanding of the religion and knowledge (fiqh).

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Whenever he found the Messenger of Allah sleeping,

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he would go to Abu Bakr,

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keeping all of this secret from his companions.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was impressed by that

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and came to love him.

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The rest of the delegation likewise visited the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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while he invited them to Islam

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and explained its virtues to them,

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so they embraced Islam.

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Then Kinanah Ibn 'Abd Yalil said:

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"Will you conclude an agreement with us so that we may return to our people?"

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He replied: "Yes, if you acknowledge

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Islam, I will make an agreement with you;

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otherwise, there is no agreement and no peace between me and you."

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They said: "What think you of fornication? For we are traveling men,

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and we cannot do without it."

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He, peace be upon him, said:

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"It is forbidden to you,

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for Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says:

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'And do not approach unlawful sexual intercourse. Indeed, it is ever

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an immorality and is evil as a way.'"

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They asked: "What think you of usury (riba)?

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For all our wealth consists of usury."

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He, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"You shall have your principal sums,

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for Allah says:

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“O ye who believe! Observe your duty to Allah, and give up what remaineth (due to you) from usury, if ye are (in truth) believers.” (2:278)

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“O ye who believe! Observe your duty to Allah, and give up what remaineth (due to you) from usury, if ye are (in truth) believers.” (2:278)

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[O you who have believed, fear Allah and give up what remains of interest...]"

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They asked: "What think you of wine?

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For it is the pressed juice of our land and we cannot do without it."

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He said: "Indeed, Allah has forbidden it,"

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“O ye who believe! Strong drink and games of chance and idols and divining arrows are only an infamy of Satan's handiwork. Leave it aside in order that ye may succeed.” (5:90)

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“O ye who believe! Strong drink and games of chance and idols and divining arrows are only an infamy of Satan's handiwork. Leave it aside in order that ye may succeed.” (5:90)

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"so avoid it that you may be successful."

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Thereupon the men arose and left the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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and conferred in private with one another.

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They said, "Woe to you!

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We fear that if we oppose him,

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a day like the conquest of Mecca will befall us.

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Go, let us conclude a treaty with him on the terms we requested."

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So they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

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and said, "Yes, you shall have what you asked.

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What say you concerning usury?

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And what of the idol, al-Lat—what are we to do with it?"

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He said, "Demolish it."

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They said, "Far from it! If al-Rabbah

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knew that you wished to demolish her, she would kill

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her devotees." Thereupon, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said,

231
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"Woe to you, Ibn 'Abd Yalil!

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How ignorant you are! Al-Rabbah is merely a stone."

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They said, "We did not come to you,

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O Ibn al-Khattab!"

235
00:14:45,840 --> 00:14:48,840
And they said to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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"You undertake its demolition yourself; as for us,

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we shall never demolish it."

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He (peace be upon him) said,

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"I will send to you those who will suffice you in demolishing it."

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So they concluded the treaty with him upon this.

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Kinanah said, "Then send your emissary to us,

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sending him in our tracks,

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for we know our people best."

244
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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) granted them leave,

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honored them, and gave them gifts.

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And they said, "O Messenger of Allah,

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appoint over us a man from our people to lead us in prayer."

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So he appointed 'Uthman ibn Abi al-'As over them,

249
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having seen his keenness for Islam.

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When they departed from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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Kinanah said,

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"I know Thaqif better than anyone.

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Conceal the matter from them,

254
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frighten them with the prospect of war and battle,

255
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and tell them that Muhammad demanded things of us

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which we refused him.

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Tell them he demanded that we demolish al-Lat and al-'Uzza,

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and that we forbid wine and fornication."

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The people of Thaqif went out,

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and as the delegation drew near, they went forth to meet them.

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The delegation rode at a slow pace, their camels tied in a file,

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their garments wrapped around them in the manner of people

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overcome by grief and distress.

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The people said to one another,

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"Your delegation has returned with no good news."

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The delegation dismounted,

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proceeded to al-Lat, and stayed by it,

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pretending it had been long since they had last seen it.

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Then each man among them returned to his family,

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and their close kinsmen from Thaqif came to them

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and asked them, "What have you brought?

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What did you return with?"

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They replied, "We came to a harsh and stern man

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who takes whatever course he pleases.

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He has prevailed by the sword;

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the Arabs have entered his fold, and all mankind has submitted to him.

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He imposed severe terms upon us:

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the demolition of al-Lat and al-'Uzza,

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00:17:01,330 --> 00:17:04,329
the abandonment of usurious earnings

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except for your original capital,

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and he prohibited wine and fornication."

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Thaqif said,

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"By Allah, we shall never accept this!"

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The delegation said,

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"Then mend your weapons and prepare for war."

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They spent two or three days in this manner,

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preparing for battle.

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Then Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, cast terror into their hearts,

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and they said, "By Allah, we have no power to fight him,

290
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for all the Arabs have joined him."

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So they returned to the delegation and agreed to grant what he asked.

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When the delegation saw that they were inclined to submit

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and had chosen safety over fear and war,

294
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the delegation said, "In truth, we have already concluded a treaty with him,

295
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agreed to what we found pleasing,

296
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stipulated the terms we desired,

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and found him to be the most pious and faithful of men,

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the most merciful, and the most truthful.

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Our journey to him has indeed been blessed for us and for you,

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as has that which we agreed upon.

301
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So accept the well-being bestowed by Allah."

302
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Thaqif said,

303
00:18:14,690 --> 00:18:17,690
"Why, then, did you conceal this news from us?"

304
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To purge Satanic arrogance from your hearts;

305
00:18:21,369 --> 00:18:24,369
so embrace Islam where you stand, and they accepted Islam.

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Then they remained for some days.

307
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Thereafter, the emissaries of the Messenger of Allah arrived,

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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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led by Khalid ibn al-Walid,

310
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and among them was al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah.

311
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When they arrived, they headed straight for al-Lat

312
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to demolish it, while all of Thaqif stood watching,

313
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gathering to see what al-Lat would do

314
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to those who sought to destroy it,

315
00:18:52,119 --> 00:18:55,119
to the point that even the secluded maidens emerged from their chambers.

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The common folk of Thaqif did not believe it could be destroyed,

317
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imagining it was invulnerable.

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Then al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah stepped forward,

319
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took the pickaxe—that is, the axe—

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and said to his companions,

321
00:19:10,279 --> 00:19:13,279
"By Allah, I shall make you laugh at Thaqif!"

322
00:19:13,960 --> 00:19:16,960
He stood up and struck it with the axe,

323
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then fell down, kicking his legs as if struck down

324
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on account of striking the idol.

325
00:19:22,960 --> 00:19:25,960
The people of al-Ta'if clamored together in a single outcry,

326
00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:28,960
saying, "May Allah banish al-Mughirah!

327
00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:31,960
Al-Rabbah has slain him!"

328
00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:34,960
They rejoiced when they saw him fallen,

329
00:19:34,960 --> 00:19:37,960
and said, "Whoever wishes among you, let him approach it

330
00:19:37,960 --> 00:19:40,960
and strive to demolish it!"

331
00:19:41,640 --> 00:19:44,640
At that point, al-Mughirah stood up and said,

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"May Allah make you vile, O people of Thaqif!

333
00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:50,640
It is nothing but filth,

334
00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:53,640
merely stones and clay!

335
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Accept the well-being bestowed by Allah and worship Him."

336
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He then struck the door and broke it down,

337
00:19:59,640 --> 00:20:02,640
scaled its wall, and the men scaled it with him.

338
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They continued to dismantle it stone by stone

339
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until they leveled it to the ground.

340
00:20:09,380 --> 00:20:12,380
The people kept saying, "Its foundation will surely be enraged with you

341
00:20:12,380 --> 00:20:15,380
and cause the earth to swallow you up!"

342
00:20:15,380 --> 00:20:18,380
When al-Mughirah heard that,

343
00:20:18,380 --> 00:20:21,380
he said to Khalid, "Let me dig up its foundation."

344
00:20:21,380 --> 00:20:24,380
So they dug until they brought out its earth,

345
00:20:24,380 --> 00:20:27,380
and Thaqif was utterly dumbfounded.

346
00:20:27,380 --> 00:20:30,380
An old woman among them lamented,

347
00:20:30,380 --> 00:20:33,380
"The protectors have surrendered her, and abandoned the defense."

348
00:20:33,380 --> 00:20:36,380
Then the delegation came to the Messenger of Allah

349
00:20:37,059 --> 00:20:40,059
and handed over the drapery, ornaments, and gold

350
00:20:40,059 --> 00:20:43,059
that they found at that idol.

351
00:20:43,059 --> 00:20:46,059
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) praised

352
00:20:46,059 --> 00:20:49,059
Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, for His victory

353
00:20:49,059 --> 00:20:52,799
and for exalting His religion.

354
00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:57,960
First, if a disbeliever

355
00:20:57,960 --> 00:21:00,960
steals from his people and then comes forth as a Muslim,

356
00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:03,960
his Islam is accepted,

357
00:21:03,960 --> 00:21:06,960
but the illicit wealth he brought with him is not accepted,

358
00:21:07,640 --> 00:21:10,640
nor is he liable to reimburse his people for this wealth once he embraces Islam.

359
00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:14,640
Second, it is permissible to allow a disbeliever into

360
00:21:14,640 --> 00:21:17,640
the mosque so that he may observe the prayer

361
00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:20,640
and become acquainted with Islam.

362
00:21:20,640 --> 00:21:23,640
As for other purposes, it is not permissible,

363
00:21:23,640 --> 00:21:26,640
especially regarding the Sacred Mosque,

364
00:21:26,640 --> 00:21:29,640
for Allah Almighty says: ◁Indeed, the polytheists are impure,

365
00:21:29,640 --> 00:21:32,640
so let them not approach the Sacred Mosque

366
00:21:32,640 --> 00:21:35,759
after this year of theirs.▷

367
00:21:36,440 --> 00:21:39,440
As the Prophet (peace be upon him) did,

368
00:21:39,440 --> 00:21:42,440
their destruction is more momentous than demolishing taverns,

369
00:21:42,440 --> 00:21:45,440
video stores, and the like,

370
00:21:45,440 --> 00:21:48,440
which many ignorant people hasten

371
00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:51,440
to bomb and demolish.

372
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Idolatry must be eradicated and people prevented

373
00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:57,440
from reaching it through beautiful preaching,

374
00:21:57,440 --> 00:22:00,440
just as the Prophet (peace be upon him) did

375
00:22:00,440 --> 00:22:03,440
in Mecca, where he did not demolish an idol.

376
00:22:03,440 --> 00:22:06,440
However, once he assumed legitimate authority

377
00:22:06,440 --> 00:22:09,440
and became the ruler, he began demolishing them.

378
00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:12,440
Thus, it is not permissible for anyone to demolish such

379
00:22:12,440 --> 00:22:15,440
things except through

380
00:22:15,440 --> 00:22:18,440
the ruler who holds authority in the matter.

381
00:22:18,440 --> 00:22:21,440
Rather, it is incumbent upon the scholars

382
00:22:21,440 --> 00:22:24,440
to explain to the rulers that such things

383
00:22:24,440 --> 00:22:27,440
are falsehoods that must be destroyed,

384
00:22:27,440 --> 00:22:30,440
eradicated, and kept away from the people.

385
00:22:30,440 --> 00:22:33,440
Thus the responsibility rests upon the ruler,

386
00:22:33,440 --> 00:22:36,440
and it is he who is obligated to prevent people

387
00:22:36,440 --> 00:22:39,859
from all of that.