WEBVTT 00:00:00.240 --> 00:00:08.900 Summary of the concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah: 00:00:08.900 --> 00:00:11.900 The relationship between the individual and the community. 00:00:11.900 --> 00:00:18.859 For a human being to live as part of a group is deeply ingrained in innate human nature. 00:00:18.859 --> 00:00:20.859 A person lives within a family, 00:00:20.859 --> 00:00:29.859 and together with their family, connects with relatives, neighbors, and fellow townspeople or residents of the same locality. 00:00:29.859 --> 00:00:33.859 In this manner, distinct groups interact and connect with one another, 00:00:33.859 --> 00:00:38.859 and this mutual engagement broadens to encompass all the peoples and nations of the world, 00:00:38.859 --> 00:00:41.920 just as Allah Almighty said: 00:00:41.920 --> 00:00:48.920 “O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that ye may know one another. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct. Lo! Allah is Knower, Aware.” (49:13) 00:00:48.920 --> 00:00:53.920 ❝And We made you into peoples and tribes that you may know one another.❞ 00:00:53.920 --> 00:00:57.920 “O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that ye may know one another. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct. Lo! Allah is Knower, Aware.” (49:13) 00:00:57.920 --> 00:01:00.920 ❝Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.❞ 00:01:00.920 --> 00:01:08.400 Islam governs the relationship between the individual and the community with complete balance and complementarity. 00:01:08.400 --> 00:01:13.400 It emphasizes individual conscience and personal accountability: 00:01:13.400 --> 00:01:17.400 “Say: Shall I seek another than Allah for Lord, when He is Lord of all things? Each soul earneth only on its own account, nor doth any laden bear another's load. Then unto your Lord is your return and He will tell you that wherein ye differed.” (6:164) 00:01:17.400 --> 00:01:20.400 ❝And no bearer of burdens shall bear the burden of another.❞ 00:01:20.400 --> 00:01:27.500 It likewise affirms the mutual responsibility that the individual and the community bear toward one another. 00:01:27.500 --> 00:01:34.620 All of Islam’s manners, systems, and principles are formulated upon this foundation: 00:01:34.620 --> 00:01:37.620 that a human being is an individual living within a community, 00:01:37.620 --> 00:01:44.620 and both the individual and the community turn toward Allah, implementing His way in this life. 00:01:44.620 --> 00:01:49.359 Fundamental individual rights: 00:01:49.359 --> 00:01:53.189 Every single individual within the Muslim society 00:01:53.189 --> 00:01:58.189 enjoys fundamental rights guaranteed to them by the system of Islam. 00:01:58.189 --> 00:02:06.189 Every person has the right to life, as well as all other basic necessities such as food, drink, clothing, and shelter, 00:02:06.189 --> 00:02:11.189 not to mention their foremost, fundamental right above all else: to worship Allah 00:02:11.189 --> 00:02:14.189 as He, Glorified be He, has commanded and willed. 00:02:14.189 --> 00:02:19.319 It is incumbent upon the Muslim community, and upon the state acting on its behalf, 00:02:19.319 --> 00:02:24.319 to guarantee that the individual secures these fundamental rights: 00:02:24.319 --> 00:02:30.319 first and foremost, by providing employment opportunities as long as the person is capable of working; 00:02:30.319 --> 00:02:34.319 in fact, it must actively assist them in doing so by every means possible, 00:02:34.319 --> 00:02:38.319 rather than merely offering passive opportunities. 00:02:38.319 --> 00:02:44.319 But if the individual is unable to work—whether partially or fully, temporarily or permanently— 00:02:44.319 --> 00:02:49.319 or if their earnings are insufficient to sustain themselves and their family, 00:02:49.319 --> 00:02:54.319 then they have the right to have these essential needs fulfilled through several avenues: 00:02:54.319 --> 00:03:02.319 first, through the financial support legally mandated upon the capable members of their family and close relatives; 00:03:02.319 --> 00:03:08.319 and second, from the public treasury of the Muslims, through their decreed share of zakat. 00:03:08.319 --> 00:03:14.479 In modern parlance, all of the aforementioned is termed "social security," 00:03:14.479 --> 00:03:18.479 and it is a fundamental duty incumbent upon the Muslim state, 00:03:18.479 --> 00:03:24.479 which is responsible for establishing its core system, structuring it, and ensuring its proper implementation. 00:03:24.479 --> 00:03:29.379 The resources and fruits of social security: 00:03:29.379 --> 00:03:36.180 The resources designated for the aforementioned concept of social security are diverse, 00:03:36.180 --> 00:03:43.180 ranging from obligatory zakat to voluntary charity and Islamic endowments (awqaf). 00:03:43.180 --> 00:03:47.180 Perhaps all of this is encompassed by the words of Allah Almighty: 00:03:48.180 --> 00:03:55.180 ❝And those within whose wealth is a recognized right, for the beggar and the deprived.❞ 00:03:55.180 --> 00:04:00.300 Reflect upon the explicit affirmation of Allah, Exalted and Majestic, in the verse that it is an established "right." 00:04:00.300 --> 00:04:04.300 Thus, no one confers a favor upon the underprivileged; 00:04:04.300 --> 00:04:10.300 rather, it is strictly their rightful due from the wealth of Allah, over which He has made the rich mere trustees, 00:04:10.300 --> 00:04:12.300 as Allah Almighty has stated. 00:04:17.300 --> 00:04:20.459 Implementing this system of social security 00:04:20.459 --> 00:04:25.459 fosters a spirit of harmony and mutual solidarity among the members of society, 00:04:25.459 --> 00:04:28.459 strengthens the bonds of kinship and unity between them, 00:04:28.459 --> 00:04:33.459 and prevents rancor, malice, and envy from taking root in anyone's heart toward another. 00:04:33.459 --> 00:04:39.459 As for the contemporary social security institutions found in modern states, 00:04:39.459 --> 00:04:42.459 they are marred by numerous flaws and violations 00:04:42.459 --> 00:04:47.459 when compared to what is properly prescribed in Islamic mutual solidarity and social support.