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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Efada Center

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For Human Studies and Research

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Presents

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Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari

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The Book of Fasting

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Fasting is refraining from things that break the fast, from the dawn of true daybreak

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until sunset.

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Chapter: The Obligation of Fasting Ramadan

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Narrated Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father):

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"The people of Pre-Islamic Ignorance used to fast the day of 'Ashura'.

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But when [the obligation of] Ramadan was revealed..."

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In another narration:

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"The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to fast 'Ashura'

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and enjoined its fasting.

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When Ramadan was made obligatory, it was left off."

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He said:

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"Whoever wished, fasted it;

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and whoever wished, left it."

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In another narration:

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"And 'Abdullah [Ibn 'Umar] would not fast it unless it coincided with his customary fast."

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Commentary on the hadith:

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"'Ashura'" is the tenth day of Al-Muharram.

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"Fasted it"

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means fasted 'Ashura'.

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"Coincided with his fast"

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means coincided with the voluntary fast he was accustomed to observing.

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Benefits of the hadith:

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Derived from the hadith is that:

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Among the objectives of acts of worship is opposing the worship practices of the Pre-Islamic Ignorance.

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It shows that fasting 'Ashura' was originally obligatory,

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but was then abrogated by the obligation of Ramadan.

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It demonstrates that it is recommended for someone accustomed to a voluntary fast to maintain it.

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Chapter: The Virtue of Fasting

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Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him):

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

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"Allah said:

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'Every deed of the son of Adam is for him'—in another narration:

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'Every deed has an expiation—

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except fasting,

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for it is for Me, and I shall reward it.'"

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In another narration:

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"He leaves his food, his drink, and his desire for My sake.

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Fasting is for Me, and I shall reward it.

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And a good deed is rewarded ten times its like.

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Fasting is a shield.

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So when it is a day of fasting for one of you,

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he should not speak obscenely nor raise his voice."

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In another narration:

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"Nor act ignorantly.

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If someone reviles him or fights him,

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he should say, 'I am a person who is fasting.'"

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In another narration:

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"say it twice.

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By Him in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad,

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the bad breath of a fasting person is sweeter to Allah than the scent of musk.

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The fasting person has two occasions of joy that he experiences:

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when he breaks his fast, he rejoices,

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and when he meets his Lord, he rejoices in his fast."

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Commentary on the hadith:

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"And I shall reward it"

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is an indication of the immense scale of its reward.

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"A shield"

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means a protection and safeguard against sins and the Hellfire.

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"Should not speak obscenely"

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means he should not utter vulgar language.

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*Rafath* (obscenity) also applies to sexual intercourse and its preludes.

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"Nor raise his voice"

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means he should not quarrel or shout.

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"Reviles him"

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means insults him.

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"Fights him"

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means disputes with him or contends against him.

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"Bad breath" (*khuluf*)

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refers to the change in the mouth's taste and smell due to the absence of food.

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"Sweeter"

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means more pleasant in smell.

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"The scent of musk"

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is a well-known perfume.

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"Meets his Lord"

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means on the Day of Resurrection.

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"Rejoices in his fast"

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means rejoices in its recompense and reward.

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Benefits of the hadith:

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Derived from the hadith is that:

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When the Most Generous informs that He personally takes charge of granting the reward,

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it implies the absolute greatness and vastness of that reward.

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It shows that ostentation does not enter fasting as it enters other deeds,

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because it is an internal act not outwardly manifested by physical motion.

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It demonstrates the prescribed nature of showing joy upon completing an act of worship properly.

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Chapter:

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Ar-Rayyan for Fasting People

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Narrated Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him):

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The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

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In another narration:

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"In Paradise there are eight gates.

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Indeed, in Paradise there is a gate called Ar-Rayyan,

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through which the fasting people will enter on the Day of Resurrection.

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None other than them will enter through it.

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It will be called:

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'Where are the fasting people?'

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So they will stand up,

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and none other than them will enter through it.

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And when they enter,

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it will be locked, so no one else will enter through it."

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Commentary on the hadith:

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"The fasting people will enter through it"

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means they will enter Paradise through this specific gate.

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"None will enter through it"

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means through the gate of Ar-Rayyan,

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for it is a gate exclusive to the fasting people.

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"And when they enter"

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means through the gate of Ar-Rayyan.

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Benefits of the hadith:

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Derived from the hadith is:

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A clarification of the virtue of fasting and the honor bestowed upon those who fast.

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It shows that the reward is proportional to the nature of the deed.

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It shows that the naming of the gates of Paradise is divinely ordained (*tawqifi*).

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Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him):

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I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say:

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"Whoever spends a pair of anything in the cause of Allah

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will be called from the gates—

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meaning of Paradise:

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'O servant of Allah, this is good!'

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In another narration:

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The keepers of Paradise will call him,

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the keepers of every gate saying:

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'O so-and-so, come here!'

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So whoever was from among the people of prayer,

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will be called from the Gate of Prayer.

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And whoever was from among the people of jihad,

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will be called from the Gate of Jihad.

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And whoever was from among the people of charity,

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will be called from the Gate of Charity.

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And whoever was from among the people of fasting,

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will be called from the Gate of Fasting

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and the Gate of Ar-Rayyan."

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Thereupon, Abu Bakr said:

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"There is no harm for the one who is called from all those gates."

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And he said:

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"Will anyone be called from all of them, O Messenger of Allah?"

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In another narration:

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"O Messenger of Allah,

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that person will suffer no loss at all."

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He said:

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"Yes,

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and I hope that you will be among them, O Abu Bakr."

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Commentary on the hadith:

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"Spends a pair"

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means gives two items of any category of wealth.

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"In the cause of Allah"

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means purely for the sake of Allah Almighty.

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"Will be called"

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means summoned.

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"This is good"

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uses tanwin to denote greatness and abundance.

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"There is no harm"

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means there is no detriment to the one called from all gates,

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for indeed, whoever is called from all of them has achieved true ultimate success.

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"And I hope that you will be among them, O Abu Bakr"

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—and hope expressed by the Prophet (peace be upon him) is a certainty.

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"O so-and-so, come here"

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uses a particle of address;

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*ful* is originally *fulan* (so-and-so),

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and *halumma* means "come."

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"Will suffer no loss" (*la tawa 'alayh*)

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means he will face no waste or destruction.

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Benefits of the hadith:

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Derived from the hadith is:

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A clarification of the immense virtue of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him),

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and that he is among the people who excel in all these righteous deeds.

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It shows that doors of good deeds are usually not opened in their entirety for a single person,

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though they may be opened in all areas for a select few among mankind—

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and As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) is definitely one of them.

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It proves the existence of gates for Paradise,

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their number, and the names of some of them.

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It encourages multiplying one's avenues of good works

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to attain a grand reward.

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It indicates that no harm comes to one who performs an abundance of good deeds

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while maintaining absolute sincerity for Allah, Mighty and Majestic.

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Chapter:

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Can One Say "Ramadan" or Must One Say "The Month of Ramadan"?

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And whoever deems both usages acceptable.

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Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him):

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

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"When Ramadan arrives, the gates of Paradise are opened"—

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in another narration: "the gates of the heavens"—

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"the gates of Hellfire are locked,

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and the devils are chained up."

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Commentary on the hadith:

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"The devils are chained up"

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means they are bound with chains and fettered.

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Benefits of the hadith:

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Derived from the hadith is that:

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The path to Paradise in Ramadan is facilitated,

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and righteous deeds during it are swifter to be accepted.

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It affirms the existence of physical gates for Paradise and the Hellfire.

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Narrated 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father):

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That the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

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mentioned Ramadan and said,

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In a narration: "The month consists of twenty-nine nights.

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Do not fast until you see the crescent moon,

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and do not break your fast until you see it.

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But if it is obscured from you, then estimate it."

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In another narration: "Then complete the count as thirty."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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Meaning, if the crescent moon is concealed from you,

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and you do not see it due to an obstruction like clouds or the like,

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"then estimate it":

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The intended meaning is to complete the count of Sha'ban as thirty days.

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Benefits derived from the Hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith that:

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Fasting and breaking the fast are tied to the sighting of the crescent moon.

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However, some held the view that fasting should be determined

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by the phases of the moon and astronomical calculation.

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Chapter: One who does not abandon false speech and acting upon it while fasting.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him),

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from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) who said:

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"Whoever does not abandon false speech, acting upon it, and foolish behavior,

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Allah has no need for him to leave his food and drink."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Does not abandon" means does not refrain from.

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"False speech"

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means lying and straying from the truth,

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as well as engaging in falsehood and slander.

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"And acting upon it"

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means acting in accordance with what Allah has forbidden.

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"And foolish behavior"

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refers to acting like the ignorant,

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or behaving insolently toward people.

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"Allah has no need for him to leave his food and drink."

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The intended meaning

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is a stern warning against false speech and what was mentioned alongside it,

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not that one should abandon fasting itself.

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Benefits derived from the Hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith that:

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Righteous deeds may be performed by both the righteous and the wicked,

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but none refrains from forbidden acts except the truthful believer (*siddiq*).

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It also stresses keeping away from whatever ruins the fast or diminishes its reward.

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Chapter:

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Fasting for him who fears remaining unmarried.

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On the authority of 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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"We were young men with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and possessed nothing.

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So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to us:

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'O young men,

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whoever among you can afford marriage, let him marry,

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for it is more effective in lowering the gaze and guarding chastity.

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And whoever is unable,

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let him fast,

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for indeed it is a shield for him.'"

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Fasting for him who fears remaining unmarried":

253
00:12:58,830 --> 00:13:02,750
The term *'uzbah* refers to being unmarried.

254
00:13:02,750 --> 00:13:07,659
*Ma'shar* means a group united by a common description.

255
00:13:07,659 --> 00:13:11,320
"Can afford" means possesses the ability and means.

256
00:13:11,320 --> 00:13:15,139
*Al-ba'ah* refers to marriage and its financial maintenance.

257
00:13:15,139 --> 00:13:19,809
"More effective in lowering the gaze" means more conducive to casting down one's glance.

258
00:13:19,809 --> 00:13:25,350
"Guarding chastity" means more conducive to preventing one from falling into fornication.

259
00:13:25,350 --> 00:13:26,789
*Wija'*

260
00:13:27,750 --> 00:13:31,700
literally refers to crushing the testicles to curb desire.

261
00:13:31,700 --> 00:13:35,389
Benefits derived from the Hadith:

262
00:13:35,389 --> 00:13:37,429
It is derived from the hadith that:

263
00:13:37,429 --> 00:13:41,269
Taking remedies to suppress desire is permissible.

264
00:13:41,269 --> 00:13:45,620
It also highlights the recommendation of marriage for whoever can afford it.

265
00:13:45,620 --> 00:13:51,000
It demonstrates that fasting curbs desire.

266
00:13:51,000 --> 00:13:54,759
Chapter: The statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

267
00:13:54,759 --> 00:13:57,720
"When you see the crescent moon, fast,

268
00:13:57,840 --> 00:14:01,620
and when you see it, break your fast."

269
00:14:01,620 --> 00:14:04,500
On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both),

270
00:14:04,500 --> 00:14:09,220
from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said:

271
00:14:09,220 --> 00:14:11,980
"We are an unlettered nation;

272
00:14:11,980 --> 00:14:14,620
we do not write, nor do we calculate.

273
00:14:14,620 --> 00:14:17,820
The month is like this and like this"—

274
00:14:17,820 --> 00:14:19,179
in a narration:

275
00:14:19,179 --> 00:14:22,179
and he tucked in his thumb on the third gesture—

276
00:14:22,179 --> 00:14:25,220
"meaning twenty-nine days at one time,

277
00:14:25,220 --> 00:14:28,490
and thirty days at another."

278
00:14:28,570 --> 00:14:31,809
Commentary on the Hadith:

279
00:14:31,809 --> 00:14:34,409
"We" refers to the Arabs.

280
00:14:34,409 --> 00:14:37,110
"Nation" refers to a group of people.

281
00:14:37,110 --> 00:14:38,710
"Nor do we calculate":

282
00:14:38,710 --> 00:14:40,830
What is meant by calculation here

283
00:14:40,830 --> 00:14:43,909
is astronomical calculation and tracking planetary movements.

284
00:14:43,909 --> 00:14:47,889
"And he tucked in his thumb" means he drew it back.

285
00:14:47,889 --> 00:14:51,490
Benefits derived from the Hadith:

286
00:14:51,490 --> 00:14:53,610
It is derived from the hadith that:

287
00:14:53,610 --> 00:14:58,409
The act of worship that is fasting has been tied to clear signs and apparent matters,

288
00:14:58,450 --> 00:15:00,210
which is physical sighting.

289
00:15:00,210 --> 00:15:06,200
It also establishes the validity of relying on understandable physical gestures.

290
00:15:06,200 --> 00:15:09,639
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

291
00:15:09,639 --> 00:15:12,879
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said—

292
00:15:12,879 --> 00:15:17,039
or he said: Abu al-Qasim (peace be upon him) said:

293
00:15:17,039 --> 00:15:20,990
"Fast upon sighting it and break your fast upon sighting it.

294
00:15:20,990 --> 00:15:23,190
But if it is obscured from you,

295
00:15:23,190 --> 00:15:27,740
then complete the count of Sha'ban as thirty days."

296
00:15:27,740 --> 00:15:31,029
Commentary on the Hadith:

297
00:15:31,029 --> 00:15:32,429
"If it is obscured"

298
00:15:32,429 --> 00:15:35,509
means if the crescent moon is hidden and you do not see it.

299
00:15:35,509 --> 00:15:36,750
"Then complete"

300
00:15:36,750 --> 00:15:38,899
means fulfill the full count.

301
00:15:38,899 --> 00:15:42,419
Benefits derived from the Hadith:

302
00:15:42,419 --> 00:15:44,340
It is derived from the hadith that:

303
00:15:44,340 --> 00:15:48,860
Fasting and breaking the fast are tied to the sighting of the crescent moon.

304
00:15:48,860 --> 00:15:51,139
It also indicates that the completion of the month

305
00:15:51,139 --> 00:15:57,500
is achieved either through sighting or by completing its count as thirty days.

306
00:15:57,500 --> 00:16:00,580
On the authority of Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her),

307
00:16:00,580 --> 00:16:03,419
that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

308
00:16:03,419 --> 00:16:06,460
swore to stay away from his wives for a month.

309
00:16:06,460 --> 00:16:09,779
When twenty-nine days had passed,

310
00:16:09,779 --> 00:16:11,779
he went to them in the morning or evening.

311
00:16:11,779 --> 00:16:13,259
It was said to him,

312
00:16:13,259 --> 00:16:16,779
"You swore that you would not enter for a month."

313
00:16:16,779 --> 00:16:18,100
Whereupon he said,

314
00:16:18,100 --> 00:16:22,740
"Indeed, the month can be twenty-nine days."

315
00:16:22,740 --> 00:16:25,870
Commentary on the Hadith:

316
00:16:25,870 --> 00:16:26,990
"Swore" (*ala*)

317
00:16:26,990 --> 00:16:30,389
means he took an oath not to enter upon his wives.

318
00:16:30,389 --> 00:16:31,429
"In the morning" (*gada*)

319
00:16:31,429 --> 00:16:33,789
means he went during the first part of the day.

320
00:16:33,789 --> 00:16:35,070
"Or in the evening" (*raha*)

321
00:16:35,070 --> 00:16:38,000
means he went during the latter part of the day.

322
00:16:38,000 --> 00:16:41,539
Benefits derived from the Hadith:

323
00:16:41,539 --> 00:16:43,580
It is derived from the hadith that:

324
00:16:43,580 --> 00:16:47,779
It is permissible to remind the one taking an oath of what appears to contradict his oath.

325
00:16:47,779 --> 00:16:54,019
It also establishes the permissibility of taking oaths, provided they do not involve sin.

326
00:16:54,019 --> 00:16:55,139
Chapter:

327
00:16:55,139 --> 00:16:59,120
The two months of 'Eid never suffer reduction.

328
00:16:59,120 --> 00:17:00,639
On the authority of Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him),

329
00:17:00,679 --> 00:17:04,559
from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) who said:

330
00:17:04,559 --> 00:17:07,119
"Two months are never reduced:

331
00:17:07,119 --> 00:17:08,880
the two months of 'Eid,

332
00:17:08,880 --> 00:17:12,410
Ramadan and Dhu al-Hijjah."

333
00:17:12,410 --> 00:17:15,740
Commentary on the Hadith:

334
00:17:15,740 --> 00:17:17,380
"Are never reduced"

335
00:17:17,380 --> 00:17:20,380
means they are not rendered deficient in legal ruling,

336
00:17:20,380 --> 00:17:23,859
even if they happen to be twenty-nine days in numerical count.

337
00:17:23,859 --> 00:17:26,470
Other explanations have also been suggested.

338
00:17:26,470 --> 00:17:29,890
Benefits derived from the Hadith:

339
00:17:29,890 --> 00:17:31,930
It is derived from the hadith that:

340
00:17:31,970 --> 00:17:36,890
Hardship is removed regarding any honest error that might occur in sighting the crescent moon,

341
00:17:36,890 --> 00:17:39,690
owing to their special status containing the two 'Eids.

342
00:17:39,690 --> 00:17:44,970
It also shows that divine reward is not strictly dependent on the presence of physical hardship at all times;

343
00:17:44,970 --> 00:17:51,710
rather, Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, may bestow His grace by granting the twenty-nine-day month the full reward of a thirty-day month.

344
00:17:51,710 --> 00:17:56,630
This hadith also serves as evidence for those who deem a single intention sufficient for the entire month of Ramadan,

345
00:17:56,630 --> 00:18:00,950
because he rendered the month as a whole a single act of worship.

346
00:18:00,950 --> 00:18:07,150
Furthermore, the hadith implies equality in reward between a full month and a twenty-nine-day month.

347
00:18:09,500 --> 00:18:10,539
Chapter:

348
00:18:10,539 --> 00:18:16,130
Do not precede Ramadan by fasting a day or two.

349
00:18:16,130 --> 00:18:18,849
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him),

350
00:18:18,849 --> 00:18:22,769
from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) who said:

351
00:18:22,769 --> 00:18:28,210
"None of you should precede Ramadan by fasting a day or two,

352
00:18:28,210 --> 00:18:32,009
except for a man who habitually observes a regular fast;

353
00:18:32,009 --> 00:18:35,450
let him fast that day."

354
00:18:35,450 --> 00:18:38,609
Commentary on the Hadith:

355
00:18:38,609 --> 00:18:40,329
"Habitually observes a regular fast"

356
00:18:40,329 --> 00:18:45,180
means that the day happened to coincide with a routine fast that the person customarily kept.

357
00:18:45,180 --> 00:18:48,839
Benefits derived from the Hadith:

358
00:18:48,839 --> 00:18:50,920
It is derived from the hadith that:

359
00:18:50,920 --> 00:18:55,039
It is forbidden to welcome Ramadan by fasting a day prior to it

360
00:18:55,039 --> 00:18:58,269
out of an intent to exercise precaution for Ramadan.

361
00:18:58,269 --> 00:19:04,660
It also indicates the permissibility of fasting on the Day of Doubt for someone who has a customary routine fast.

362
00:19:04,700 --> 00:19:07,500
Chapter: The statement of Allah, Exalted is His Remembrance,

363
00:19:07,500 --> 00:19:12,460
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

364
00:19:12,460 --> 00:19:17,180
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

365
00:19:17,180 --> 00:19:22,059
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

366
00:19:22,059 --> 00:19:25,940
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

367
00:19:25,940 --> 00:19:32,269
﴿So now lie with them and seek what Allah has decreed for you.﴾

368
00:19:32,269 --> 00:19:35,549
On the authority of Al-Bara' (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

369
00:19:35,589 --> 00:19:39,109
"The Companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

370
00:19:39,109 --> 00:19:41,829
when a man was fasting

371
00:19:41,829 --> 00:19:43,630
and the time to break the fast arrived,

372
00:19:43,630 --> 00:19:45,990
if he slept before breaking his fast,

373
00:19:45,990 --> 00:19:50,539
he would not eat for that night nor the following day until evening.

374
00:19:50,539 --> 00:19:55,099
Qays ibn Sirmah al-Ansari was fasting,

375
00:19:55,099 --> 00:19:57,380
and when the time to break the fast arrived,

376
00:19:57,380 --> 00:20:00,099
he came to his wife and said to her,

377
00:20:00,099 --> 00:20:01,980
'Do you have any food?'

378
00:20:01,980 --> 00:20:03,539
She said, 'No,

379
00:20:03,579 --> 00:20:06,539
but I will go and seek some for you.'

380
00:20:06,539 --> 00:20:08,859
He used to labor during the day,

381
00:20:08,859 --> 00:20:10,980
so sleep overcame his eyes.

382
00:20:10,980 --> 00:20:12,900
His wife returned,

383
00:20:12,900 --> 00:20:15,180
and when she saw him, she said,

384
00:20:15,180 --> 00:20:17,059
'What a misfortune for you!'

385
00:20:17,059 --> 00:20:20,779
By midday, he fainted,

386
00:20:20,779 --> 00:20:25,140
and that was mentioned to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

387
00:20:25,140 --> 00:20:27,420
So this verse was revealed:

388
00:20:27,420 --> 00:20:32,500
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

389
00:20:32,539 --> 00:20:35,660
and they rejoiced over it exceedingly.

390
00:20:35,660 --> 00:20:37,019
And there was also revealed:

391
00:20:37,019 --> 00:20:44,369
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

392
00:20:44,369 --> 00:20:47,660
Commentary on the Hadith:

393
00:20:47,660 --> 00:20:50,339
Chapter: The statement of Allah, Exalted is His Remembrance,

394
00:20:50,339 --> 00:20:54,900
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

395
00:20:54,900 --> 00:20:58,980
﴿They are a garment for you and you are a garment for them.﴾

396
00:20:59,019 --> 00:21:03,380
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

397
00:21:03,380 --> 00:21:06,819
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

398
00:21:06,819 --> 00:21:12,089
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

399
00:21:12,089 --> 00:21:14,450
In the initial prescription of fasting,

400
00:21:14,450 --> 00:21:19,890
eating, drinking, and marital relations were prohibited for Muslims at night once they went to sleep.

401
00:21:19,890 --> 00:21:23,450
Then that was abrogated as an alleviation and a relief,

402
00:21:23,450 --> 00:21:26,690
and Allah pardoned their past betrayals of themselves,

403
00:21:26,730 --> 00:21:32,259
permitting them intimate relations with women to seek chastity and offspring.

404
00:21:32,259 --> 00:21:34,940
"I will go" means I will depart.

405
00:21:34,940 --> 00:21:38,059
"And seek some for you" means look for food for you.

406
00:21:38,059 --> 00:21:40,859
"He used to labor" means working on his land.

407
00:21:40,859 --> 00:21:42,740
Sleep overcame him—

408
00:21:42,740 --> 00:21:45,700
meaning he fell asleep while fighting off drowsiness.

409
00:21:45,700 --> 00:21:47,259
"Disappointment be upon you"—

410
00:21:47,259 --> 00:21:50,759
meaning: you were deprived of what you sought and failed to attain it.

411
00:21:50,759 --> 00:21:54,160
"He fainted"—meaning he lost consciousness.

412
00:21:54,160 --> 00:21:57,880
"They rejoiced at it"—that is, at the revelation of the verse.

413
00:21:57,880 --> 00:22:01,460
Benefits derived from the hadith:

414
00:22:01,460 --> 00:22:06,380
It is derived from the hadith that hardship brings about ease.

415
00:22:06,380 --> 00:22:12,180
Among its lessons is that a fasting person should not occupy himself during the nights of Ramadan with worldly pleasures,

416
00:22:12,180 --> 00:22:15,259
but should strive instead to attain the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr).

417
00:22:15,259 --> 00:22:17,140
For worldly pleasure can be attained at any time,

418
00:22:17,140 --> 00:22:20,740
whereas if the Night of Decree is missed, it cannot be recovered.

419
00:22:20,740 --> 00:22:24,539
It also demonstrates the legitimacy of a wife serving her husband.

420
00:22:24,579 --> 00:22:26,940
It confirms the occurrence of abrogation (*naskh*) in religious rulings.

421
00:22:26,940 --> 00:22:33,809
It shows the permissibility of expressing joy over the eased rulings of the religion.

422
00:22:33,809 --> 00:22:36,490
Chapter: The statement of Allah Almighty:

423
00:22:36,490 --> 00:22:43,529
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

424
00:22:43,529 --> 00:22:48,119
"Then complete the fast until nightfall."

425
00:22:48,119 --> 00:22:52,000
Narrated 'Adi ibn Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him):

426
00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:53,599
"When the verse was revealed:

427
00:22:53,599 --> 00:22:58,759
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

428
00:22:58,759 --> 00:23:03,000
I took a black cord and a white cord,

429
00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:06,039
and placed them under my pillow.

430
00:23:06,039 --> 00:23:10,039
I kept looking at them during the night, but I could not distinguish between them.

431
00:23:10,039 --> 00:23:14,279
So the next morning, I went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

432
00:23:14,279 --> 00:23:16,720
and mentioned that to him.

433
00:23:16,720 --> 00:23:19,740
He said in one narration:

434
00:23:19,740 --> 00:23:22,339
'Then your pillow must be very broad indeed,

435
00:23:22,339 --> 00:23:27,049
if the white thread and the black thread were placed under your pillow!

436
00:23:27,049 --> 00:23:32,130
It refers only to the darkness of the night and the whiteness of the day.'"

437
00:23:32,130 --> 00:23:35,380
Commentary on the hadith:

438
00:23:35,380 --> 00:23:38,460
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

439
00:23:38,460 --> 00:23:43,299
The "white thread" refers to the first light of dawn stretching horizontally across the horizon,

440
00:23:43,299 --> 00:23:45,460
resembling an extended thread.

441
00:23:45,460 --> 00:23:50,019
The "black thread" refers to the remaining darkness of the night extending alongside it.

442
00:23:50,019 --> 00:23:53,549
They were likened to a white thread and a black thread.

443
00:23:53,549 --> 00:23:56,150
"I took"—meaning I intentionally set out to do so.

444
00:23:56,150 --> 00:24:00,670
"Cord" (*'iqal*) refers to the rope used to hobble a camel.

445
00:24:00,670 --> 00:24:03,670
"My pillow"—meaning my cushion.

446
00:24:03,670 --> 00:24:05,549
"I could not distinguish between them"—

447
00:24:05,549 --> 00:24:07,869
meaning they did not become clear to me.

448
00:24:07,869 --> 00:24:11,990
"So I went early in the morning"—meaning I went at the beginning of the day.

449
00:24:11,990 --> 00:24:14,630
"Then your pillow must be very broad indeed"—

450
00:24:14,630 --> 00:24:17,910
meaning: if the pillow covers the night and the day,

451
00:24:17,910 --> 00:24:21,779
then no one could sleep on it except someone with an extraordinarily broad nape.

452
00:24:21,779 --> 00:24:25,119
"I perceived"—meaning I saw.

453
00:24:25,119 --> 00:24:28,660
Benefits derived from the hadith:

454
00:24:28,660 --> 00:24:30,740
It is derived from the hadith

455
00:24:30,740 --> 00:24:32,940
that a misunderstanding of a sacred text

456
00:24:32,940 --> 00:24:35,660
leads to incorrect practice.

457
00:24:35,660 --> 00:24:39,380
It demonstrates that the Sunnah explains and clarifies the Qur'an.

458
00:24:39,380 --> 00:24:41,779
It also shows that regarding polysemous or metaphorical words,

459
00:24:41,779 --> 00:24:46,299
one should not resort to applying their literal or most common usage

460
00:24:46,299 --> 00:24:50,980
unless explicit clarification is lacking.

461
00:24:50,980 --> 00:24:53,700
Narrated Sahl ibn Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him):

462
00:24:53,700 --> 00:24:55,059
"When it was revealed:

463
00:24:55,059 --> 00:25:01,539
“It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187)

464
00:25:01,539 --> 00:25:04,630
—and 'of dawn' had not yet been revealed—

465
00:25:04,630 --> 00:25:07,789
some men who intended to fast

466
00:25:07,789 --> 00:25:12,980
would tie a white thread and a black thread to their legs,

467
00:25:13,019 --> 00:25:18,000
and would continue eating until they could clearly distinguish between the two.

468
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:19,960
Then Allah revealed afterwards:

469
00:25:19,960 --> 00:25:21,599
'...of dawn,'

470
00:25:21,599 --> 00:25:26,660
so they realized that it referred only to the night and the day."

471
00:25:26,660 --> 00:25:29,980
Commentary on the hadith:

472
00:25:29,980 --> 00:25:32,660
"Tied"—meaning bound securely.

473
00:25:32,660 --> 00:25:36,819
"Could clearly distinguish"—meaning it became apparent and certain to him

474
00:25:36,819 --> 00:25:38,339
"seeing them both"—

475
00:25:38,339 --> 00:25:42,460
that is, seeing both the white and black threads.

476
00:25:42,500 --> 00:25:46,289
Benefits derived from the hadith:

477
00:25:46,289 --> 00:25:48,369
It is derived from the hadith

478
00:25:48,369 --> 00:25:52,369
that clarification is not delayed beyond the time of need.

479
00:25:52,369 --> 00:25:55,980
It shows that certainty is not dispelled by doubt.

480
00:25:55,980 --> 00:25:58,220
It demonstrates the principle of presumption of continuity (*istishab al-asl*)

481
00:25:58,220 --> 00:26:03,970
until the contrary becomes clear and evident.

482
00:26:03,970 --> 00:26:08,390
Chapter: The blessing of the pre-dawn meal (*suhoor*) without it being obligatory.

483
00:26:08,390 --> 00:26:11,950
On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both):

484
00:26:11,950 --> 00:26:15,990
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) practiced continuous fasting (*wisal*),

485
00:26:15,990 --> 00:26:17,670
so the people fasted continuously as well,

486
00:26:17,670 --> 00:26:19,589
but it proved too difficult for them,

487
00:26:19,589 --> 00:26:21,230
so he forbade them from doing so.

488
00:26:21,230 --> 00:26:22,309
They said,

489
00:26:22,309 --> 00:26:24,430
"But you fast continuously!"

490
00:26:24,430 --> 00:26:25,470
He replied,

491
00:26:25,470 --> 00:26:27,710
"I am not like you;

492
00:26:27,710 --> 00:26:31,730
I am provided with food and drink [by Allah]."

493
00:26:31,730 --> 00:26:35,079
Commentary on the hadith:

494
00:26:35,079 --> 00:26:36,240
"Practiced continuous fasting"—

495
00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:40,279
meaning he joined two fasts together without breaking his fast at night.

496
00:26:40,279 --> 00:26:41,799
"So the people fasted continuously"—

497
00:26:41,799 --> 00:26:46,000
that is, out of desire to follow the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

498
00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:47,799
"It proved too difficult for them"—

499
00:26:47,799 --> 00:26:50,819
owing to the severe hardship of hunger and thirst.

500
00:26:50,819 --> 00:26:52,059
"So he forbade them"—

501
00:26:52,059 --> 00:26:54,099
meaning he prohibited them from continuous fasting.

502
00:26:54,099 --> 00:26:56,059
"I am not like you"—

503
00:26:56,059 --> 00:26:58,740
meaning my state is not like your state,

504
00:26:58,740 --> 00:27:01,140
or "I am not like any one of you."

505
00:27:01,140 --> 00:27:02,059
"I remain"—

506
00:27:02,059 --> 00:27:03,980
meaning I pass the night in this state.

507
00:27:03,980 --> 00:27:07,720
Benefits derived from the hadith:

508
00:27:07,720 --> 00:27:09,720
It is derived from the hadith

509
00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:13,359
that the default principle regarding the Prophet's actions

510
00:27:13,359 --> 00:27:15,519
is that they are not exclusive to him.

511
00:27:15,519 --> 00:27:16,480
Yet it was said

512
00:27:16,480 --> 00:27:23,759
that continuous fasting is among the exclusive traits (*khasa'is*) of the Prophet (peace be upon him).

513
00:27:23,759 --> 00:27:27,640
Narrated Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him):

514
00:27:27,640 --> 00:27:31,000
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

515
00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:32,359
"Eat the pre-dawn meal (*suhoor*),

516
00:27:32,359 --> 00:27:35,390
for indeed there is blessing in the pre-dawn meal."

517
00:27:35,390 --> 00:27:38,700
Commentary on the hadith:

518
00:27:38,700 --> 00:27:40,099
"Eat the pre-dawn meal"—

519
00:27:40,099 --> 00:27:42,900
an imperative indicating recommendation (*nadb*) by scholarly consensus.

520
00:27:42,900 --> 00:27:44,099
"The pre-dawn meal" (*al-suhoor*)—

521
00:27:44,099 --> 00:27:46,359
referring to the food eaten at pre-dawn.

522
00:27:46,359 --> 00:27:47,599
"Blessing"—

523
00:27:47,599 --> 00:27:51,710
blessing (*barakah*) is the abundance and permanence of goodness.

524
00:27:51,710 --> 00:27:55,380
Benefits derived from the hadith:

525
00:27:55,380 --> 00:27:57,460
It is derived from the hadith

526
00:27:57,460 --> 00:27:59,660
an explanation of the virtue of eating the pre-dawn meal.

527
00:27:59,660 --> 00:28:03,019
It indicates that the pre-dawn time (*sahar*) is a gathering of blessings

528
00:28:03,019 --> 00:28:05,539
for remembrance, supplication, and prayer,

529
00:28:05,539 --> 00:28:10,400
as well as the time when divine mercy descends.

530
00:28:10,440 --> 00:28:14,500
Chapter: If one forms the intention to fast during the daytime.

531
00:28:14,500 --> 00:28:18,579
On the authority of Salamah ibn al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him):

532
00:28:18,579 --> 00:28:23,180
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) commanded a man from the Aslam tribe

533
00:28:23,180 --> 00:28:25,460
to announce among the people:

534
00:28:25,460 --> 00:28:29,579
"Whoever has eaten should complete the rest of his day fasting,

535
00:28:29,579 --> 00:28:32,700
and whoever has not eaten should fast,

536
00:28:32,700 --> 00:28:36,380
for today is the day of 'Ashura'."

537
00:28:36,380 --> 00:28:39,769
Commentary on the hadith:

538
00:28:39,769 --> 00:28:41,809
"A man from Aslam"—

539
00:28:41,849 --> 00:28:47,200
he was Hind ibn Asma' ibn Harithah al-Aslami (may Allah be pleased with him).

540
00:28:47,200 --> 00:28:48,640
"To announce"—

541
00:28:48,640 --> 00:28:51,119
meaning he commanded him to call out.

542
00:28:51,119 --> 00:28:52,839
"The day of 'Ashura'"—

543
00:28:52,839 --> 00:28:55,769
meaning the tenth day of Muharram.

544
00:28:55,769 --> 00:28:59,380
Benefits derived from the hadith:

545
00:28:59,380 --> 00:29:01,420
It is derived from the hadith

546
00:29:01,420 --> 00:29:05,019
that forming the intention for a voluntary fast during the daytime is valid.

547
00:29:05,019 --> 00:29:08,819
It also demonstrates that clarification is not delayed beyond the time of need.