WEBVTT 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:03.439 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.439 --> 00:00:06.370 Efada Center 00:00:06.370 --> 00:00:09.650 For Human Studies and Research 00:00:09.650 --> 00:00:11.970 Presents 00:00:11.970 --> 00:00:15.890 Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari 00:00:15.890 --> 00:00:19.500 The Book of Fasting 00:00:19.500 --> 00:00:24.989 Fasting is refraining from things that break the fast, from the dawn of true daybreak 00:00:24.989 --> 00:00:26.989 until sunset. 00:00:26.989 --> 00:00:31.460 Chapter: The Obligation of Fasting Ramadan 00:00:32.659 --> 00:00:35.619 Narrated Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father): 00:00:35.619 --> 00:00:39.859 "The people of Pre-Islamic Ignorance used to fast the day of 'Ashura'. 00:00:39.859 --> 00:00:42.340 But when [the obligation of] Ramadan was revealed..." 00:00:42.340 --> 00:00:44.130 In another narration: 00:00:44.130 --> 00:00:48.210 "The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to fast 'Ashura' 00:00:48.210 --> 00:00:50.049 and enjoined its fasting. 00:00:50.049 --> 00:00:53.170 When Ramadan was made obligatory, it was left off." 00:00:53.170 --> 00:00:54.560 He said: 00:00:54.560 --> 00:00:56.640 "Whoever wished, fasted it; 00:00:56.640 --> 00:00:59.039 and whoever wished, left it." 00:00:59.039 --> 00:01:00.780 In another narration: 00:01:01.100 --> 00:01:07.010 "And 'Abdullah [Ibn 'Umar] would not fast it unless it coincided with his customary fast." 00:01:07.010 --> 00:01:09.810 Commentary on the hadith: 00:01:09.810 --> 00:01:14.700 "'Ashura'" is the tenth day of Al-Muharram. 00:01:14.700 --> 00:01:15.980 "Fasted it" 00:01:15.980 --> 00:01:17.739 means fasted 'Ashura'. 00:01:17.739 --> 00:01:19.659 "Coincided with his fast" 00:01:19.659 --> 00:01:23.120 means coincided with the voluntary fast he was accustomed to observing. 00:01:23.120 --> 00:01:26.670 Benefits of the hadith: 00:01:26.670 --> 00:01:28.670 Derived from the hadith is that: 00:01:28.750 --> 00:01:34.379 Among the objectives of acts of worship is opposing the worship practices of the Pre-Islamic Ignorance. 00:01:34.379 --> 00:01:38.219 It shows that fasting 'Ashura' was originally obligatory, 00:01:38.219 --> 00:01:41.019 but was then abrogated by the obligation of Ramadan. 00:01:41.019 --> 00:01:48.500 It demonstrates that it is recommended for someone accustomed to a voluntary fast to maintain it. 00:01:48.500 --> 00:01:51.500 Chapter: The Virtue of Fasting 00:01:51.500 --> 00:01:55.019 Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:01:55.019 --> 00:01:58.859 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:01:58.859 --> 00:02:00.640 "Allah said: 00:02:00.799 --> 00:02:04.900 'Every deed of the son of Adam is for him'—in another narration: 00:02:04.900 --> 00:02:07.540 'Every deed has an expiation— 00:02:07.540 --> 00:02:09.300 except fasting, 00:02:09.300 --> 00:02:12.930 for it is for Me, and I shall reward it.'" 00:02:12.930 --> 00:02:14.449 In another narration: 00:02:14.449 --> 00:02:19.409 "He leaves his food, his drink, and his desire for My sake. 00:02:19.409 --> 00:02:22.930 Fasting is for Me, and I shall reward it. 00:02:22.930 --> 00:02:26.419 And a good deed is rewarded ten times its like. 00:02:26.419 --> 00:02:28.580 Fasting is a shield. 00:02:28.659 --> 00:02:31.460 So when it is a day of fasting for one of you, 00:02:31.460 --> 00:02:34.610 he should not speak obscenely nor raise his voice." 00:02:34.610 --> 00:02:35.969 In another narration: 00:02:35.969 --> 00:02:37.889 "Nor act ignorantly. 00:02:37.889 --> 00:02:41.250 If someone reviles him or fights him, 00:02:41.250 --> 00:02:44.639 he should say, 'I am a person who is fasting.'" 00:02:44.639 --> 00:02:46.000 In another narration: 00:02:46.000 --> 00:02:47.780 "say it twice. 00:02:47.780 --> 00:02:50.659 By Him in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad, 00:02:50.659 --> 00:02:56.139 the bad breath of a fasting person is sweeter to Allah than the scent of musk. 00:02:56.219 --> 00:02:59.659 The fasting person has two occasions of joy that he experiences: 00:02:59.659 --> 00:03:01.659 when he breaks his fast, he rejoices, 00:03:01.659 --> 00:03:05.979 and when he meets his Lord, he rejoices in his fast." 00:03:05.979 --> 00:03:09.469 Commentary on the hadith: 00:03:09.469 --> 00:03:11.229 "And I shall reward it" 00:03:11.229 --> 00:03:14.349 is an indication of the immense scale of its reward. 00:03:14.349 --> 00:03:15.469 "A shield" 00:03:15.469 --> 00:03:19.710 means a protection and safeguard against sins and the Hellfire. 00:03:19.710 --> 00:03:21.310 "Should not speak obscenely" 00:03:21.310 --> 00:03:24.590 means he should not utter vulgar language. 00:03:24.590 --> 00:03:29.169 *Rafath* (obscenity) also applies to sexual intercourse and its preludes. 00:03:29.169 --> 00:03:30.610 "Nor raise his voice" 00:03:30.610 --> 00:03:33.520 means he should not quarrel or shout. 00:03:33.520 --> 00:03:34.879 "Reviles him" 00:03:34.879 --> 00:03:36.620 means insults him. 00:03:36.620 --> 00:03:37.740 "Fights him" 00:03:37.740 --> 00:03:40.300 means disputes with him or contends against him. 00:03:40.300 --> 00:03:41.580 "Bad breath" (*khuluf*) 00:03:41.580 --> 00:03:46.210 refers to the change in the mouth's taste and smell due to the absence of food. 00:03:46.210 --> 00:03:47.330 "Sweeter" 00:03:47.330 --> 00:03:49.569 means more pleasant in smell. 00:03:49.569 --> 00:03:51.009 "The scent of musk" 00:03:51.009 --> 00:03:53.250 is a well-known perfume. 00:03:53.250 --> 00:03:54.689 "Meets his Lord" 00:03:54.770 --> 00:03:56.960 means on the Day of Resurrection. 00:03:56.960 --> 00:03:58.560 "Rejoices in his fast" 00:03:58.560 --> 00:04:01.569 means rejoices in its recompense and reward. 00:04:01.569 --> 00:04:05.069 Benefits of the hadith: 00:04:05.069 --> 00:04:07.229 Derived from the hadith is that: 00:04:07.229 --> 00:04:12.030 When the Most Generous informs that He personally takes charge of granting the reward, 00:04:12.030 --> 00:04:15.539 it implies the absolute greatness and vastness of that reward. 00:04:15.539 --> 00:04:20.500 It shows that ostentation does not enter fasting as it enters other deeds, 00:04:20.500 --> 00:04:24.019 because it is an internal act not outwardly manifested by physical motion. 00:04:24.100 --> 00:04:31.920 It demonstrates the prescribed nature of showing joy upon completing an act of worship properly. 00:04:31.920 --> 00:04:33.040 Chapter: 00:04:33.040 --> 00:04:36.420 Ar-Rayyan for Fasting People 00:04:36.420 --> 00:04:38.819 Narrated Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:04:38.819 --> 00:04:43.019 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:04:43.019 --> 00:04:44.459 In another narration: 00:04:44.459 --> 00:04:47.970 "In Paradise there are eight gates. 00:04:47.970 --> 00:04:51.970 Indeed, in Paradise there is a gate called Ar-Rayyan, 00:04:51.970 --> 00:04:55.649 through which the fasting people will enter on the Day of Resurrection. 00:04:55.730 --> 00:04:58.930 None other than them will enter through it. 00:04:58.930 --> 00:05:00.290 It will be called: 00:05:00.290 --> 00:05:02.290 'Where are the fasting people?' 00:05:02.290 --> 00:05:03.810 So they will stand up, 00:05:03.810 --> 00:05:06.850 and none other than them will enter through it. 00:05:06.850 --> 00:05:08.529 And when they enter, 00:05:08.529 --> 00:05:12.449 it will be locked, so no one else will enter through it." 00:05:12.449 --> 00:05:15.839 Commentary on the hadith: 00:05:15.839 --> 00:05:18.160 "The fasting people will enter through it" 00:05:18.160 --> 00:05:21.790 means they will enter Paradise through this specific gate. 00:05:21.790 --> 00:05:23.230 "None will enter through it" 00:05:23.230 --> 00:05:25.149 means through the gate of Ar-Rayyan, 00:05:25.230 --> 00:05:28.670 for it is a gate exclusive to the fasting people. 00:05:28.670 --> 00:05:30.189 "And when they enter" 00:05:30.189 --> 00:05:33.410 means through the gate of Ar-Rayyan. 00:05:33.410 --> 00:05:37.040 Benefits of the hadith: 00:05:37.040 --> 00:05:38.959 Derived from the hadith is: 00:05:38.959 --> 00:05:43.120 A clarification of the virtue of fasting and the honor bestowed upon those who fast. 00:05:43.120 --> 00:05:46.319 It shows that the reward is proportional to the nature of the deed. 00:05:46.319 --> 00:05:52.850 It shows that the naming of the gates of Paradise is divinely ordained (*tawqifi*). 00:05:52.850 --> 00:05:56.370 Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:05:56.370 --> 00:06:01.009 I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: 00:06:01.009 --> 00:06:06.129 "Whoever spends a pair of anything in the cause of Allah 00:06:06.129 --> 00:06:08.129 will be called from the gates— 00:06:08.129 --> 00:06:09.970 meaning of Paradise: 00:06:09.970 --> 00:06:13.500 'O servant of Allah, this is good!' 00:06:13.500 --> 00:06:15.019 In another narration: 00:06:15.019 --> 00:06:17.500 The keepers of Paradise will call him, 00:06:17.500 --> 00:06:19.579 the keepers of every gate saying: 00:06:19.579 --> 00:06:22.050 'O so-and-so, come here!' 00:06:22.050 --> 00:06:24.449 So whoever was from among the people of prayer, 00:06:24.449 --> 00:06:26.769 will be called from the Gate of Prayer. 00:06:26.769 --> 00:06:29.250 And whoever was from among the people of jihad, 00:06:29.250 --> 00:06:31.889 will be called from the Gate of Jihad. 00:06:31.889 --> 00:06:34.449 And whoever was from among the people of charity, 00:06:34.449 --> 00:06:37.089 will be called from the Gate of Charity. 00:06:37.089 --> 00:06:39.649 And whoever was from among the people of fasting, 00:06:39.649 --> 00:06:41.810 will be called from the Gate of Fasting 00:06:41.810 --> 00:06:44.180 and the Gate of Ar-Rayyan." 00:06:44.180 --> 00:06:46.100 Thereupon, Abu Bakr said: 00:06:46.100 --> 00:06:51.060 "There is no harm for the one who is called from all those gates." 00:06:51.060 --> 00:06:52.339 And he said: 00:06:52.339 --> 00:06:56.720 "Will anyone be called from all of them, O Messenger of Allah?" 00:06:56.720 --> 00:06:58.120 In another narration: 00:06:58.120 --> 00:06:59.879 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:06:59.879 --> 00:07:03.040 that person will suffer no loss at all." 00:07:03.040 --> 00:07:04.040 He said: 00:07:04.040 --> 00:07:05.160 "Yes, 00:07:05.160 --> 00:07:09.790 and I hope that you will be among them, O Abu Bakr." 00:07:09.790 --> 00:07:13.050 Commentary on the hadith: 00:07:13.050 --> 00:07:14.889 "Spends a pair" 00:07:14.889 --> 00:07:20.060 means gives two items of any category of wealth. 00:07:20.060 --> 00:07:21.740 "In the cause of Allah" 00:07:21.740 --> 00:07:25.100 means purely for the sake of Allah Almighty. 00:07:25.100 --> 00:07:26.220 "Will be called" 00:07:26.220 --> 00:07:27.860 means summoned. 00:07:28.620 --> 00:07:30.139 "This is good" 00:07:30.139 --> 00:07:33.100 uses tanwin to denote greatness and abundance. 00:07:33.100 --> 00:07:34.540 "There is no harm" 00:07:34.540 --> 00:07:38.620 means there is no detriment to the one called from all gates, 00:07:38.620 --> 00:07:42.779 for indeed, whoever is called from all of them has achieved true ultimate success. 00:07:42.779 --> 00:07:46.220 "And I hope that you will be among them, O Abu Bakr" 00:07:46.220 --> 00:07:51.120 —and hope expressed by the Prophet (peace be upon him) is a certainty. 00:07:51.120 --> 00:07:52.920 "O so-and-so, come here" 00:07:52.920 --> 00:07:55.079 uses a particle of address; 00:07:55.079 --> 00:07:57.480 *ful* is originally *fulan* (so-and-so), 00:07:57.519 --> 00:08:00.240 and *halumma* means "come." 00:08:00.240 --> 00:08:01.879 "Will suffer no loss" (*la tawa 'alayh*) 00:08:01.879 --> 00:08:05.829 means he will face no waste or destruction. 00:08:05.829 --> 00:08:09.699 Benefits of the hadith: 00:08:09.699 --> 00:08:11.980 Derived from the hadith is: 00:08:11.980 --> 00:08:15.420 A clarification of the immense virtue of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:08:15.420 --> 00:08:19.449 and that he is among the people who excel in all these righteous deeds. 00:08:19.449 --> 00:08:25.769 It shows that doors of good deeds are usually not opened in their entirety for a single person, 00:08:25.810 --> 00:08:29.610 though they may be opened in all areas for a select few among mankind— 00:08:29.610 --> 00:08:33.210 and As-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) is definitely one of them. 00:08:33.210 --> 00:08:36.049 It proves the existence of gates for Paradise, 00:08:36.049 --> 00:08:39.049 their number, and the names of some of them. 00:08:39.049 --> 00:08:42.210 It encourages multiplying one's avenues of good works 00:08:42.210 --> 00:08:44.929 to attain a grand reward. 00:08:44.929 --> 00:08:49.250 It indicates that no harm comes to one who performs an abundance of good deeds 00:08:49.250 --> 00:08:54.629 while maintaining absolute sincerity for Allah, Mighty and Majestic. 00:08:54.629 --> 00:08:55.830 Chapter: 00:08:55.830 --> 00:08:59.350 Can One Say "Ramadan" or Must One Say "The Month of Ramadan"? 00:08:59.350 --> 00:09:02.809 And whoever deems both usages acceptable. 00:09:02.809 --> 00:09:06.289 Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:09:06.289 --> 00:09:10.009 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:09:10.009 --> 00:09:15.090 "When Ramadan arrives, the gates of Paradise are opened"— 00:09:15.090 --> 00:09:18.639 in another narration: "the gates of the heavens"— 00:09:18.639 --> 00:09:21.399 "the gates of Hellfire are locked, 00:09:21.399 --> 00:09:24.889 and the devils are chained up." 00:09:24.929 --> 00:09:28.220 Commentary on the hadith: 00:09:28.220 --> 00:09:30.419 "The devils are chained up" 00:09:30.419 --> 00:09:33.940 means they are bound with chains and fettered. 00:09:33.940 --> 00:09:37.580 Benefits of the hadith: 00:09:37.580 --> 00:09:39.740 Derived from the hadith is that: 00:09:39.740 --> 00:09:43.340 The path to Paradise in Ramadan is facilitated, 00:09:43.340 --> 00:09:46.740 and righteous deeds during it are swifter to be accepted. 00:09:46.740 --> 00:09:53.149 It affirms the existence of physical gates for Paradise and the Hellfire. 00:09:53.149 --> 00:09:56.830 Narrated 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father): 00:09:56.830 --> 00:09:59.830 That the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:09:59.830 --> 00:10:03.269 mentioned Ramadan and said, 00:10:03.269 --> 00:10:08.139 In a narration: "The month consists of twenty-nine nights. 00:10:08.139 --> 00:10:11.419 Do not fast until you see the crescent moon, 00:10:11.419 --> 00:10:14.340 and do not break your fast until you see it. 00:10:14.340 --> 00:10:18.279 But if it is obscured from you, then estimate it." 00:10:18.279 --> 00:10:23.500 In another narration: "Then complete the count as thirty." 00:10:23.500 --> 00:10:26.889 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:10:27.889 --> 00:10:30.169 Meaning, if the crescent moon is concealed from you, 00:10:30.169 --> 00:10:33.990 and you do not see it due to an obstruction like clouds or the like, 00:10:33.990 --> 00:10:35.549 "then estimate it": 00:10:35.549 --> 00:10:40.759 The intended meaning is to complete the count of Sha'ban as thirty days. 00:10:40.759 --> 00:10:44.340 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:10:44.340 --> 00:10:46.220 It is derived from the hadith that: 00:10:46.220 --> 00:10:50.740 Fasting and breaking the fast are tied to the sighting of the crescent moon. 00:10:50.740 --> 00:10:52.940 However, some held the view that fasting should be determined 00:10:52.940 --> 00:10:58.509 by the phases of the moon and astronomical calculation. 00:10:58.590 --> 00:11:03.980 Chapter: One who does not abandon false speech and acting upon it while fasting. 00:11:03.980 --> 00:11:05.500 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:11:05.500 --> 00:11:09.419 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) who said: 00:11:09.419 --> 00:11:13.740 "Whoever does not abandon false speech, acting upon it, and foolish behavior, 00:11:13.740 --> 00:11:19.340 Allah has no need for him to leave his food and drink." 00:11:19.340 --> 00:11:22.759 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:11:22.759 --> 00:11:25.759 "Does not abandon" means does not refrain from. 00:11:25.759 --> 00:11:27.240 "False speech" 00:11:27.240 --> 00:11:29.960 means lying and straying from the truth, 00:11:30.000 --> 00:11:32.909 as well as engaging in falsehood and slander. 00:11:32.909 --> 00:11:34.389 "And acting upon it" 00:11:34.389 --> 00:11:37.870 means acting in accordance with what Allah has forbidden. 00:11:37.870 --> 00:11:39.110 "And foolish behavior" 00:11:39.110 --> 00:11:40.950 refers to acting like the ignorant, 00:11:40.950 --> 00:11:43.940 or behaving insolently toward people. 00:11:43.940 --> 00:11:48.580 "Allah has no need for him to leave his food and drink." 00:11:48.580 --> 00:11:49.740 The intended meaning 00:11:49.740 --> 00:11:53.340 is a stern warning against false speech and what was mentioned alongside it, 00:11:53.340 --> 00:11:55.909 not that one should abandon fasting itself. 00:11:55.909 --> 00:11:59.389 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:11:59.429 --> 00:12:01.429 It is derived from the hadith that: 00:12:01.429 --> 00:12:05.389 Righteous deeds may be performed by both the righteous and the wicked, 00:12:05.389 --> 00:12:09.269 but none refrains from forbidden acts except the truthful believer (*siddiq*). 00:12:09.269 --> 00:12:16.470 It also stresses keeping away from whatever ruins the fast or diminishes its reward. 00:12:16.470 --> 00:12:17.470 Chapter: 00:12:17.470 --> 00:12:21.970 Fasting for him who fears remaining unmarried. 00:12:21.970 --> 00:12:24.289 On the authority of 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:12:24.289 --> 00:12:30.490 "We were young men with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and possessed nothing. 00:12:30.529 --> 00:12:34.769 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to us: 00:12:34.769 --> 00:12:36.889 'O young men, 00:12:36.889 --> 00:12:40.610 whoever among you can afford marriage, let him marry, 00:12:40.610 --> 00:12:44.690 for it is more effective in lowering the gaze and guarding chastity. 00:12:44.690 --> 00:12:46.490 And whoever is unable, 00:12:46.490 --> 00:12:48.490 let him fast, 00:12:48.490 --> 00:12:52.019 for indeed it is a shield for him.'" 00:12:52.019 --> 00:12:55.429 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:12:55.429 --> 00:12:58.789 "Fasting for him who fears remaining unmarried": 00:12:58.830 --> 00:13:02.750 The term *'uzbah* refers to being unmarried. 00:13:02.750 --> 00:13:07.659 *Ma'shar* means a group united by a common description. 00:13:07.659 --> 00:13:11.320 "Can afford" means possesses the ability and means. 00:13:11.320 --> 00:13:15.139 *Al-ba'ah* refers to marriage and its financial maintenance. 00:13:15.139 --> 00:13:19.809 "More effective in lowering the gaze" means more conducive to casting down one's glance. 00:13:19.809 --> 00:13:25.350 "Guarding chastity" means more conducive to preventing one from falling into fornication. 00:13:25.350 --> 00:13:26.789 *Wija'* 00:13:27.750 --> 00:13:31.700 literally refers to crushing the testicles to curb desire. 00:13:31.700 --> 00:13:35.389 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:13:35.389 --> 00:13:37.429 It is derived from the hadith that: 00:13:37.429 --> 00:13:41.269 Taking remedies to suppress desire is permissible. 00:13:41.269 --> 00:13:45.620 It also highlights the recommendation of marriage for whoever can afford it. 00:13:45.620 --> 00:13:51.000 It demonstrates that fasting curbs desire. 00:13:51.000 --> 00:13:54.759 Chapter: The statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:13:54.759 --> 00:13:57.720 "When you see the crescent moon, fast, 00:13:57.840 --> 00:14:01.620 and when you see it, break your fast." 00:14:01.620 --> 00:14:04.500 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), 00:14:04.500 --> 00:14:09.220 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said: 00:14:09.220 --> 00:14:11.980 "We are an unlettered nation; 00:14:11.980 --> 00:14:14.620 we do not write, nor do we calculate. 00:14:14.620 --> 00:14:17.820 The month is like this and like this"— 00:14:17.820 --> 00:14:19.179 in a narration: 00:14:19.179 --> 00:14:22.179 and he tucked in his thumb on the third gesture— 00:14:22.179 --> 00:14:25.220 "meaning twenty-nine days at one time, 00:14:25.220 --> 00:14:28.490 and thirty days at another." 00:14:28.570 --> 00:14:31.809 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:14:31.809 --> 00:14:34.409 "We" refers to the Arabs. 00:14:34.409 --> 00:14:37.110 "Nation" refers to a group of people. 00:14:37.110 --> 00:14:38.710 "Nor do we calculate": 00:14:38.710 --> 00:14:40.830 What is meant by calculation here 00:14:40.830 --> 00:14:43.909 is astronomical calculation and tracking planetary movements. 00:14:43.909 --> 00:14:47.889 "And he tucked in his thumb" means he drew it back. 00:14:47.889 --> 00:14:51.490 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:14:51.490 --> 00:14:53.610 It is derived from the hadith that: 00:14:53.610 --> 00:14:58.409 The act of worship that is fasting has been tied to clear signs and apparent matters, 00:14:58.450 --> 00:15:00.210 which is physical sighting. 00:15:00.210 --> 00:15:06.200 It also establishes the validity of relying on understandable physical gestures. 00:15:06.200 --> 00:15:09.639 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:15:09.639 --> 00:15:12.879 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said— 00:15:12.879 --> 00:15:17.039 or he said: Abu al-Qasim (peace be upon him) said: 00:15:17.039 --> 00:15:20.990 "Fast upon sighting it and break your fast upon sighting it. 00:15:20.990 --> 00:15:23.190 But if it is obscured from you, 00:15:23.190 --> 00:15:27.740 then complete the count of Sha'ban as thirty days." 00:15:27.740 --> 00:15:31.029 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:15:31.029 --> 00:15:32.429 "If it is obscured" 00:15:32.429 --> 00:15:35.509 means if the crescent moon is hidden and you do not see it. 00:15:35.509 --> 00:15:36.750 "Then complete" 00:15:36.750 --> 00:15:38.899 means fulfill the full count. 00:15:38.899 --> 00:15:42.419 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:15:42.419 --> 00:15:44.340 It is derived from the hadith that: 00:15:44.340 --> 00:15:48.860 Fasting and breaking the fast are tied to the sighting of the crescent moon. 00:15:48.860 --> 00:15:51.139 It also indicates that the completion of the month 00:15:51.139 --> 00:15:57.500 is achieved either through sighting or by completing its count as thirty days. 00:15:57.500 --> 00:16:00.580 On the authority of Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), 00:16:00.580 --> 00:16:03.419 that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:16:03.419 --> 00:16:06.460 swore to stay away from his wives for a month. 00:16:06.460 --> 00:16:09.779 When twenty-nine days had passed, 00:16:09.779 --> 00:16:11.779 he went to them in the morning or evening. 00:16:11.779 --> 00:16:13.259 It was said to him, 00:16:13.259 --> 00:16:16.779 "You swore that you would not enter for a month." 00:16:16.779 --> 00:16:18.100 Whereupon he said, 00:16:18.100 --> 00:16:22.740 "Indeed, the month can be twenty-nine days." 00:16:22.740 --> 00:16:25.870 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:16:25.870 --> 00:16:26.990 "Swore" (*ala*) 00:16:26.990 --> 00:16:30.389 means he took an oath not to enter upon his wives. 00:16:30.389 --> 00:16:31.429 "In the morning" (*gada*) 00:16:31.429 --> 00:16:33.789 means he went during the first part of the day. 00:16:33.789 --> 00:16:35.070 "Or in the evening" (*raha*) 00:16:35.070 --> 00:16:38.000 means he went during the latter part of the day. 00:16:38.000 --> 00:16:41.539 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:16:41.539 --> 00:16:43.580 It is derived from the hadith that: 00:16:43.580 --> 00:16:47.779 It is permissible to remind the one taking an oath of what appears to contradict his oath. 00:16:47.779 --> 00:16:54.019 It also establishes the permissibility of taking oaths, provided they do not involve sin. 00:16:54.019 --> 00:16:55.139 Chapter: 00:16:55.139 --> 00:16:59.120 The two months of 'Eid never suffer reduction. 00:16:59.120 --> 00:17:00.639 On the authority of Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:17:00.679 --> 00:17:04.559 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) who said: 00:17:04.559 --> 00:17:07.119 "Two months are never reduced: 00:17:07.119 --> 00:17:08.880 the two months of 'Eid, 00:17:08.880 --> 00:17:12.410 Ramadan and Dhu al-Hijjah." 00:17:12.410 --> 00:17:15.740 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:17:15.740 --> 00:17:17.380 "Are never reduced" 00:17:17.380 --> 00:17:20.380 means they are not rendered deficient in legal ruling, 00:17:20.380 --> 00:17:23.859 even if they happen to be twenty-nine days in numerical count. 00:17:23.859 --> 00:17:26.470 Other explanations have also been suggested. 00:17:26.470 --> 00:17:29.890 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:17:29.890 --> 00:17:31.930 It is derived from the hadith that: 00:17:31.970 --> 00:17:36.890 Hardship is removed regarding any honest error that might occur in sighting the crescent moon, 00:17:36.890 --> 00:17:39.690 owing to their special status containing the two 'Eids. 00:17:39.690 --> 00:17:44.970 It also shows that divine reward is not strictly dependent on the presence of physical hardship at all times; 00:17:44.970 --> 00:17:51.710 rather, Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, may bestow His grace by granting the twenty-nine-day month the full reward of a thirty-day month. 00:17:51.710 --> 00:17:56.630 This hadith also serves as evidence for those who deem a single intention sufficient for the entire month of Ramadan, 00:17:56.630 --> 00:18:00.950 because he rendered the month as a whole a single act of worship. 00:18:00.950 --> 00:18:07.150 Furthermore, the hadith implies equality in reward between a full month and a twenty-nine-day month. 00:18:09.500 --> 00:18:10.539 Chapter: 00:18:10.539 --> 00:18:16.130 Do not precede Ramadan by fasting a day or two. 00:18:16.130 --> 00:18:18.849 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:18:18.849 --> 00:18:22.769 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) who said: 00:18:22.769 --> 00:18:28.210 "None of you should precede Ramadan by fasting a day or two, 00:18:28.210 --> 00:18:32.009 except for a man who habitually observes a regular fast; 00:18:32.009 --> 00:18:35.450 let him fast that day." 00:18:35.450 --> 00:18:38.609 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:18:38.609 --> 00:18:40.329 "Habitually observes a regular fast" 00:18:40.329 --> 00:18:45.180 means that the day happened to coincide with a routine fast that the person customarily kept. 00:18:45.180 --> 00:18:48.839 Benefits derived from the Hadith: 00:18:48.839 --> 00:18:50.920 It is derived from the hadith that: 00:18:50.920 --> 00:18:55.039 It is forbidden to welcome Ramadan by fasting a day prior to it 00:18:55.039 --> 00:18:58.269 out of an intent to exercise precaution for Ramadan. 00:18:58.269 --> 00:19:04.660 It also indicates the permissibility of fasting on the Day of Doubt for someone who has a customary routine fast. 00:19:04.700 --> 00:19:07.500 Chapter: The statement of Allah, Exalted is His Remembrance, 00:19:07.500 --> 00:19:12.460 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:19:12.460 --> 00:19:17.180 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:19:17.180 --> 00:19:22.059 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:19:22.059 --> 00:19:25.940 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:19:25.940 --> 00:19:32.269 ﴿So now lie with them and seek what Allah has decreed for you.﴾ 00:19:32.269 --> 00:19:35.549 On the authority of Al-Bara' (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:19:35.589 --> 00:19:39.109 "The Companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:19:39.109 --> 00:19:41.829 when a man was fasting 00:19:41.829 --> 00:19:43.630 and the time to break the fast arrived, 00:19:43.630 --> 00:19:45.990 if he slept before breaking his fast, 00:19:45.990 --> 00:19:50.539 he would not eat for that night nor the following day until evening. 00:19:50.539 --> 00:19:55.099 Qays ibn Sirmah al-Ansari was fasting, 00:19:55.099 --> 00:19:57.380 and when the time to break the fast arrived, 00:19:57.380 --> 00:20:00.099 he came to his wife and said to her, 00:20:00.099 --> 00:20:01.980 'Do you have any food?' 00:20:01.980 --> 00:20:03.539 She said, 'No, 00:20:03.579 --> 00:20:06.539 but I will go and seek some for you.' 00:20:06.539 --> 00:20:08.859 He used to labor during the day, 00:20:08.859 --> 00:20:10.980 so sleep overcame his eyes. 00:20:10.980 --> 00:20:12.900 His wife returned, 00:20:12.900 --> 00:20:15.180 and when she saw him, she said, 00:20:15.180 --> 00:20:17.059 'What a misfortune for you!' 00:20:17.059 --> 00:20:20.779 By midday, he fainted, 00:20:20.779 --> 00:20:25.140 and that was mentioned to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:20:25.140 --> 00:20:27.420 So this verse was revealed: 00:20:27.420 --> 00:20:32.500 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:20:32.539 --> 00:20:35.660 and they rejoiced over it exceedingly. 00:20:35.660 --> 00:20:37.019 And there was also revealed: 00:20:37.019 --> 00:20:44.369 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:20:44.369 --> 00:20:47.660 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:20:47.660 --> 00:20:50.339 Chapter: The statement of Allah, Exalted is His Remembrance, 00:20:50.339 --> 00:20:54.900 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:20:54.900 --> 00:20:58.980 ﴿They are a garment for you and you are a garment for them.﴾ 00:20:59.019 --> 00:21:03.380 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:21:03.380 --> 00:21:06.819 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:21:06.819 --> 00:21:12.089 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:21:12.089 --> 00:21:14.450 In the initial prescription of fasting, 00:21:14.450 --> 00:21:19.890 eating, drinking, and marital relations were prohibited for Muslims at night once they went to sleep. 00:21:19.890 --> 00:21:23.450 Then that was abrogated as an alleviation and a relief, 00:21:23.450 --> 00:21:26.690 and Allah pardoned their past betrayals of themselves, 00:21:26.730 --> 00:21:32.259 permitting them intimate relations with women to seek chastity and offspring. 00:21:32.259 --> 00:21:34.940 "I will go" means I will depart. 00:21:34.940 --> 00:21:38.059 "And seek some for you" means look for food for you. 00:21:38.059 --> 00:21:40.859 "He used to labor" means working on his land. 00:21:40.859 --> 00:21:42.740 Sleep overcame him— 00:21:42.740 --> 00:21:45.700 meaning he fell asleep while fighting off drowsiness. 00:21:45.700 --> 00:21:47.259 "Disappointment be upon you"— 00:21:47.259 --> 00:21:50.759 meaning: you were deprived of what you sought and failed to attain it. 00:21:50.759 --> 00:21:54.160 "He fainted"—meaning he lost consciousness. 00:21:54.160 --> 00:21:57.880 "They rejoiced at it"—that is, at the revelation of the verse. 00:21:57.880 --> 00:22:01.460 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:22:01.460 --> 00:22:06.380 It is derived from the hadith that hardship brings about ease. 00:22:06.380 --> 00:22:12.180 Among its lessons is that a fasting person should not occupy himself during the nights of Ramadan with worldly pleasures, 00:22:12.180 --> 00:22:15.259 but should strive instead to attain the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr). 00:22:15.259 --> 00:22:17.140 For worldly pleasure can be attained at any time, 00:22:17.140 --> 00:22:20.740 whereas if the Night of Decree is missed, it cannot be recovered. 00:22:20.740 --> 00:22:24.539 It also demonstrates the legitimacy of a wife serving her husband. 00:22:24.579 --> 00:22:26.940 It confirms the occurrence of abrogation (*naskh*) in religious rulings. 00:22:26.940 --> 00:22:33.809 It shows the permissibility of expressing joy over the eased rulings of the religion. 00:22:33.809 --> 00:22:36.490 Chapter: The statement of Allah Almighty: 00:22:36.490 --> 00:22:43.529 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:22:43.529 --> 00:22:48.119 "Then complete the fast until nightfall." 00:22:48.119 --> 00:22:52.000 Narrated 'Adi ibn Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:22:52.000 --> 00:22:53.599 "When the verse was revealed: 00:22:53.599 --> 00:22:58.759 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:22:58.759 --> 00:23:03.000 I took a black cord and a white cord, 00:23:03.000 --> 00:23:06.039 and placed them under my pillow. 00:23:06.039 --> 00:23:10.039 I kept looking at them during the night, but I could not distinguish between them. 00:23:10.039 --> 00:23:14.279 So the next morning, I went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:23:14.279 --> 00:23:16.720 and mentioned that to him. 00:23:16.720 --> 00:23:19.740 He said in one narration: 00:23:19.740 --> 00:23:22.339 'Then your pillow must be very broad indeed, 00:23:22.339 --> 00:23:27.049 if the white thread and the black thread were placed under your pillow! 00:23:27.049 --> 00:23:32.130 It refers only to the darkness of the night and the whiteness of the day.'" 00:23:32.130 --> 00:23:35.380 Commentary on the hadith: 00:23:35.380 --> 00:23:38.460 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:23:38.460 --> 00:23:43.299 The "white thread" refers to the first light of dawn stretching horizontally across the horizon, 00:23:43.299 --> 00:23:45.460 resembling an extended thread. 00:23:45.460 --> 00:23:50.019 The "black thread" refers to the remaining darkness of the night extending alongside it. 00:23:50.019 --> 00:23:53.549 They were likened to a white thread and a black thread. 00:23:53.549 --> 00:23:56.150 "I took"—meaning I intentionally set out to do so. 00:23:56.150 --> 00:24:00.670 "Cord" (*'iqal*) refers to the rope used to hobble a camel. 00:24:00.670 --> 00:24:03.670 "My pillow"—meaning my cushion. 00:24:03.670 --> 00:24:05.549 "I could not distinguish between them"— 00:24:05.549 --> 00:24:07.869 meaning they did not become clear to me. 00:24:07.869 --> 00:24:11.990 "So I went early in the morning"—meaning I went at the beginning of the day. 00:24:11.990 --> 00:24:14.630 "Then your pillow must be very broad indeed"— 00:24:14.630 --> 00:24:17.910 meaning: if the pillow covers the night and the day, 00:24:17.910 --> 00:24:21.779 then no one could sleep on it except someone with an extraordinarily broad nape. 00:24:21.779 --> 00:24:25.119 "I perceived"—meaning I saw. 00:24:25.119 --> 00:24:28.660 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:24:28.660 --> 00:24:30.740 It is derived from the hadith 00:24:30.740 --> 00:24:32.940 that a misunderstanding of a sacred text 00:24:32.940 --> 00:24:35.660 leads to incorrect practice. 00:24:35.660 --> 00:24:39.380 It demonstrates that the Sunnah explains and clarifies the Qur'an. 00:24:39.380 --> 00:24:41.779 It also shows that regarding polysemous or metaphorical words, 00:24:41.779 --> 00:24:46.299 one should not resort to applying their literal or most common usage 00:24:46.299 --> 00:24:50.980 unless explicit clarification is lacking. 00:24:50.980 --> 00:24:53.700 Narrated Sahl ibn Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:24:53.700 --> 00:24:55.059 "When it was revealed: 00:24:55.059 --> 00:25:01.539 “It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil).” (2:187) 00:25:01.539 --> 00:25:04.630 —and 'of dawn' had not yet been revealed— 00:25:04.630 --> 00:25:07.789 some men who intended to fast 00:25:07.789 --> 00:25:12.980 would tie a white thread and a black thread to their legs, 00:25:13.019 --> 00:25:18.000 and would continue eating until they could clearly distinguish between the two. 00:25:18.000 --> 00:25:19.960 Then Allah revealed afterwards: 00:25:19.960 --> 00:25:21.599 '...of dawn,' 00:25:21.599 --> 00:25:26.660 so they realized that it referred only to the night and the day." 00:25:26.660 --> 00:25:29.980 Commentary on the hadith: 00:25:29.980 --> 00:25:32.660 "Tied"—meaning bound securely. 00:25:32.660 --> 00:25:36.819 "Could clearly distinguish"—meaning it became apparent and certain to him 00:25:36.819 --> 00:25:38.339 "seeing them both"— 00:25:38.339 --> 00:25:42.460 that is, seeing both the white and black threads. 00:25:42.500 --> 00:25:46.289 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:25:46.289 --> 00:25:48.369 It is derived from the hadith 00:25:48.369 --> 00:25:52.369 that clarification is not delayed beyond the time of need. 00:25:52.369 --> 00:25:55.980 It shows that certainty is not dispelled by doubt. 00:25:55.980 --> 00:25:58.220 It demonstrates the principle of presumption of continuity (*istishab al-asl*) 00:25:58.220 --> 00:26:03.970 until the contrary becomes clear and evident. 00:26:03.970 --> 00:26:08.390 Chapter: The blessing of the pre-dawn meal (*suhoor*) without it being obligatory. 00:26:08.390 --> 00:26:11.950 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): 00:26:11.950 --> 00:26:15.990 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) practiced continuous fasting (*wisal*), 00:26:15.990 --> 00:26:17.670 so the people fasted continuously as well, 00:26:17.670 --> 00:26:19.589 but it proved too difficult for them, 00:26:19.589 --> 00:26:21.230 so he forbade them from doing so. 00:26:21.230 --> 00:26:22.309 They said, 00:26:22.309 --> 00:26:24.430 "But you fast continuously!" 00:26:24.430 --> 00:26:25.470 He replied, 00:26:25.470 --> 00:26:27.710 "I am not like you; 00:26:27.710 --> 00:26:31.730 I am provided with food and drink [by Allah]." 00:26:31.730 --> 00:26:35.079 Commentary on the hadith: 00:26:35.079 --> 00:26:36.240 "Practiced continuous fasting"— 00:26:36.240 --> 00:26:40.279 meaning he joined two fasts together without breaking his fast at night. 00:26:40.279 --> 00:26:41.799 "So the people fasted continuously"— 00:26:41.799 --> 00:26:46.000 that is, out of desire to follow the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:26:46.000 --> 00:26:47.799 "It proved too difficult for them"— 00:26:47.799 --> 00:26:50.819 owing to the severe hardship of hunger and thirst. 00:26:50.819 --> 00:26:52.059 "So he forbade them"— 00:26:52.059 --> 00:26:54.099 meaning he prohibited them from continuous fasting. 00:26:54.099 --> 00:26:56.059 "I am not like you"— 00:26:56.059 --> 00:26:58.740 meaning my state is not like your state, 00:26:58.740 --> 00:27:01.140 or "I am not like any one of you." 00:27:01.140 --> 00:27:02.059 "I remain"— 00:27:02.059 --> 00:27:03.980 meaning I pass the night in this state. 00:27:03.980 --> 00:27:07.720 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:27:07.720 --> 00:27:09.720 It is derived from the hadith 00:27:09.720 --> 00:27:13.359 that the default principle regarding the Prophet's actions 00:27:13.359 --> 00:27:15.519 is that they are not exclusive to him. 00:27:15.519 --> 00:27:16.480 Yet it was said 00:27:16.480 --> 00:27:23.759 that continuous fasting is among the exclusive traits (*khasa'is*) of the Prophet (peace be upon him). 00:27:23.759 --> 00:27:27.640 Narrated Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:27:27.640 --> 00:27:31.000 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:27:31.000 --> 00:27:32.359 "Eat the pre-dawn meal (*suhoor*), 00:27:32.359 --> 00:27:35.390 for indeed there is blessing in the pre-dawn meal." 00:27:35.390 --> 00:27:38.700 Commentary on the hadith: 00:27:38.700 --> 00:27:40.099 "Eat the pre-dawn meal"— 00:27:40.099 --> 00:27:42.900 an imperative indicating recommendation (*nadb*) by scholarly consensus. 00:27:42.900 --> 00:27:44.099 "The pre-dawn meal" (*al-suhoor*)— 00:27:44.099 --> 00:27:46.359 referring to the food eaten at pre-dawn. 00:27:46.359 --> 00:27:47.599 "Blessing"— 00:27:47.599 --> 00:27:51.710 blessing (*barakah*) is the abundance and permanence of goodness. 00:27:51.710 --> 00:27:55.380 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:27:55.380 --> 00:27:57.460 It is derived from the hadith 00:27:57.460 --> 00:27:59.660 an explanation of the virtue of eating the pre-dawn meal. 00:27:59.660 --> 00:28:03.019 It indicates that the pre-dawn time (*sahar*) is a gathering of blessings 00:28:03.019 --> 00:28:05.539 for remembrance, supplication, and prayer, 00:28:05.539 --> 00:28:10.400 as well as the time when divine mercy descends. 00:28:10.440 --> 00:28:14.500 Chapter: If one forms the intention to fast during the daytime. 00:28:14.500 --> 00:28:18.579 On the authority of Salamah ibn al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:28:18.579 --> 00:28:23.180 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) commanded a man from the Aslam tribe 00:28:23.180 --> 00:28:25.460 to announce among the people: 00:28:25.460 --> 00:28:29.579 "Whoever has eaten should complete the rest of his day fasting, 00:28:29.579 --> 00:28:32.700 and whoever has not eaten should fast, 00:28:32.700 --> 00:28:36.380 for today is the day of 'Ashura'." 00:28:36.380 --> 00:28:39.769 Commentary on the hadith: 00:28:39.769 --> 00:28:41.809 "A man from Aslam"— 00:28:41.849 --> 00:28:47.200 he was Hind ibn Asma' ibn Harithah al-Aslami (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:28:47.200 --> 00:28:48.640 "To announce"— 00:28:48.640 --> 00:28:51.119 meaning he commanded him to call out. 00:28:51.119 --> 00:28:52.839 "The day of 'Ashura'"— 00:28:52.839 --> 00:28:55.769 meaning the tenth day of Muharram. 00:28:55.769 --> 00:28:59.380 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:28:59.380 --> 00:29:01.420 It is derived from the hadith 00:29:01.420 --> 00:29:05.019 that forming the intention for a voluntary fast during the daytime is valid. 00:29:05.019 --> 00:29:08.819 It also demonstrates that clarification is not delayed beyond the time of need.