1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,469 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 2 00:00:05,469 --> 00:00:07,469 Summary of the book: 3 00:00:07,469 --> 00:00:09,470 "Ramadan: 4 00:00:09,470 --> 00:00:11,470 Events and Lessons." 5 00:00:11,470 --> 00:00:16,199 The Battle of Guadalete (Wadi Lakkah). 6 00:00:16,199 --> 00:00:19,219 The Time: 7 00:00:19,219 --> 00:00:22,219 On the twenty-eighth of the month of Ramadan, 8 00:00:22,219 --> 00:00:25,219 in the year 92 AH. 9 00:00:25,219 --> 00:00:31,300 Allah Almighty sent His Messenger, 10 00:00:31,300 --> 00:00:35,299 Muhammad ibn Abdillah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 11 00:00:35,299 --> 00:00:37,299 with the religion of Islam, 12 00:00:37,299 --> 00:00:40,299 to be His final religion for all mankind, 13 00:00:40,299 --> 00:00:42,299 both Arab and non-Arab, 14 00:00:42,299 --> 00:00:45,299 across all corners of the globe. 15 00:00:45,299 --> 00:00:47,359 Allah Almighty said: 16 00:00:47,359 --> 00:00:50,359 “And We have not sent thee (O Muhammad) save as a bringer of good tidings and a warner unto all mankind; but most of mankind know not.” (34:28) 17 00:00:50,359 --> 00:00:54,359 "...as a bearer of glad tidings and a warner to mankind, 18 00:00:54,359 --> 00:00:56,359 but most 19 00:00:56,359 --> 00:00:59,359 of the people do not know." 20 00:00:59,359 --> 00:01:01,549 For in following this religion 21 00:01:01,549 --> 00:01:03,549 lies the attainment of immense good 22 00:01:03,549 --> 00:01:06,549 for its adherents in this world and the Hereafter. 23 00:01:06,549 --> 00:01:10,000 Thus the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, called 24 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:12,000 all of mankind, 25 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:15,000 and his Ummah after him called 26 00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:17,000 to that which he had called to. 27 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:19,129 However, the darkness of falsehood 28 00:01:19,129 --> 00:01:22,129 could never allow the light of truth 29 00:01:22,129 --> 00:01:24,129 to flow freely to the people without standing 30 00:01:24,129 --> 00:01:26,129 in its way. 31 00:01:26,129 --> 00:01:29,129 It was therefore inevitable to take the path of force 32 00:01:29,129 --> 00:01:32,129 to remove that obstacle 33 00:01:32,129 --> 00:01:34,129 which stood between the people 34 00:01:34,129 --> 00:01:36,579 and following the truth. 35 00:01:36,579 --> 00:01:38,579 For that reason, Allah Almighty revealed 36 00:01:38,579 --> 00:01:41,579 to His Messenger in the Noble Qur'an 37 00:01:41,579 --> 00:01:43,579 numerous verses 38 00:01:43,579 --> 00:01:45,579 granting permission to fight, 39 00:01:45,579 --> 00:01:47,579 and commanding it thereafter. 40 00:01:47,579 --> 00:01:49,640 Allah Almighty said: 41 00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:52,670 "And fight them until there is no fitnah..." 42 00:01:52,670 --> 00:01:55,670 “And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for Allah. But if they desist, then let there be no hostility except against wrong-doers.” (2:193) 43 00:01:55,670 --> 00:01:57,670 "But if they cease..." 44 00:01:57,670 --> 00:02:00,670 “And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for Allah. But if they desist, then let there be no hostility except against wrong-doers.” (2:193) 45 00:02:00,670 --> 00:02:04,120 Thus the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, obeyed 46 00:02:04,120 --> 00:02:06,120 the command of his Lord, 47 00:02:06,120 --> 00:02:09,120 setting out with his noble Companions 48 00:02:09,120 --> 00:02:12,120 to combat those who barred people from the path of Allah. 49 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:15,219 The very first expedition he undertook, 50 00:02:15,219 --> 00:02:18,219 the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 51 00:02:18,219 --> 00:02:20,219 was the Expedition of al-Abwa', 52 00:02:20,219 --> 00:02:22,219 or Waddan, 53 00:02:22,219 --> 00:02:24,219 and that took place in Safar 54 00:02:24,219 --> 00:02:27,379 of the second year of the Hijrah. 55 00:02:27,379 --> 00:02:29,379 Before it, there had been three reconnaissance detachments 56 00:02:29,379 --> 00:02:31,379 that he had dispatched. 57 00:02:31,379 --> 00:02:36,379 Thereafter, the expeditions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, followed in succession, 58 00:02:36,379 --> 00:02:38,379 beginning with Badr 59 00:02:38,379 --> 00:02:40,379 and culminating with Tabuk. 60 00:02:40,379 --> 00:02:43,569 His Companions then followed in his footsteps 61 00:02:43,569 --> 00:02:45,569 during the era of the Rightly-Guided Caliphate, 62 00:02:45,569 --> 00:02:48,569 conquering the lands of Iraq and the Levant, 63 00:02:48,569 --> 00:02:51,729 and subduing the Persians and the Byzantines. 64 00:02:51,729 --> 00:02:54,729 Then came the Umayyad Caliphate, 65 00:02:54,729 --> 00:02:56,729 and the dominion of the Muslims expanded 66 00:02:56,729 --> 00:02:58,729 across vast territories, 67 00:02:58,729 --> 00:03:01,729 among which was the Far Maghreb. 68 00:03:01,729 --> 00:03:04,729 The Muslims at that time continued 69 00:03:04,729 --> 00:03:08,729 to look forward to conquering the lands beyond it, 70 00:03:08,729 --> 00:03:11,759 such as al-Andalus and the like, 71 00:03:11,759 --> 00:03:15,759 until Allah prepared the favorable conditions for its conquest 72 00:03:15,759 --> 00:03:22,759 and eased the path for people to enter Allah's religion in crowds without hindrance. 73 00:03:22,759 --> 00:03:26,169 Musa ibn Nusayr 74 00:03:26,169 --> 00:03:29,550 and the Path to al-Andalus: 75 00:03:29,550 --> 00:03:34,550 Musa ibn Nusayr assumed leadership in the year 89 AH, 76 00:03:34,550 --> 00:03:37,550 corresponding to 707 CE, 77 00:03:37,550 --> 00:03:39,550 over the governance of the Maghreb, 78 00:03:39,550 --> 00:03:42,550 succeeding Hassan ibn al-Nu'man, 79 00:03:42,550 --> 00:03:46,550 who was dismissed due to a disagreement between him and the governor of Egypt. 80 00:03:46,550 --> 00:03:50,550 The Berbers revolted at the beginning of his rule, 81 00:03:50,550 --> 00:03:53,550 but he suppressed their rebellion with great resolve 82 00:03:53,550 --> 00:03:58,580 and conquered Tangier, where their remaining remnants had taken refuge, 83 00:03:58,580 --> 00:04:01,580 appointing Tariq ibn Ziyad as its governor. 84 00:04:01,580 --> 00:04:04,580 He then pursued a wise policy 85 00:04:04,580 --> 00:04:07,580 to halt the recurring Berber uprisings, 86 00:04:07,580 --> 00:04:10,580 namely the Islamization of the region, 87 00:04:10,580 --> 00:04:12,580 that is, bringing its people into Islam. 88 00:04:12,580 --> 00:04:16,579 He succeeded in winning the hearts of the Berbers to Islam, 89 00:04:16,579 --> 00:04:19,579 and thousands of them enlisted in his army. 90 00:04:19,579 --> 00:04:25,579 He also established a formidable navy to defend the frontiers against Byzantine raids, 91 00:04:25,579 --> 00:04:29,579 and began attacking the islands and naval bases 92 00:04:29,579 --> 00:04:32,579 off the African coast, 93 00:04:32,579 --> 00:04:34,579 raiding the Balearic Islands 94 00:04:34,579 --> 00:04:38,579 and attacking Sicily and Sardinia. 95 00:04:38,579 --> 00:04:40,579 Nothing remained outside his authority 96 00:04:40,579 --> 00:04:44,579 except the outpost of Ceuta, east of Tangier, 97 00:04:44,579 --> 00:04:46,579 as it was heavily fortified. 98 00:04:46,579 --> 00:04:50,740 Ceuta was under the suzerainty of the Visigoths, 99 00:04:50,740 --> 00:04:52,740 the rulers of Hispania. 100 00:04:52,740 --> 00:04:55,870 While he was attempting to conquer it, 101 00:04:55,870 --> 00:04:59,870 its governor, known as Julian, negotiated with him for peace 102 00:04:59,870 --> 00:05:04,870 and offered to aid him in fighting the ruler of Hispania, 103 00:05:04,870 --> 00:05:06,870 named Roderic, 104 00:05:06,870 --> 00:05:09,870 whom the Muslims called Ludhriq. 105 00:05:09,870 --> 00:05:14,899 Musa consulted Caliph al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik regarding this offer, 106 00:05:14,899 --> 00:05:16,899 and he approved it, 107 00:05:16,899 --> 00:05:21,899 alerting Musa to the importance of exercising caution and prudence, 108 00:05:21,899 --> 00:05:24,899 lest the matter be a deception. 109 00:05:24,899 --> 00:05:28,290 Tariq crossed the Strait of Gibraltar— 110 00:05:28,290 --> 00:05:30,290 which later came to be known by his name— 111 00:05:30,290 --> 00:05:33,290 aboard the ships of Julian, the governor of Ceuta, 112 00:05:33,290 --> 00:05:36,290 in the year 92 AH, 113 00:05:36,290 --> 00:05:40,290 corresponding to 711 CE, 114 00:05:40,290 --> 00:05:43,350 and anchored his ships by the Rock of Gibraltar, 115 00:05:43,350 --> 00:05:47,350 which is now known as the Rock of Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq). 116 00:05:47,350 --> 00:05:50,579 He then began advancing inland 117 00:05:50,579 --> 00:05:53,579 until he reached Lake La Janda. 118 00:05:53,579 --> 00:05:58,699 When he learned of the mobilization of the Visigothic king Roderic to confront him, 119 00:05:58,699 --> 00:06:01,699 he requested reinforcements from Ibn Nusayr, 120 00:06:01,699 --> 00:06:05,699 who supplied him with ships and five thousand soldiers, 121 00:06:05,699 --> 00:06:08,699 bringing his army to twelve thousand men. 122 00:06:08,699 --> 00:06:10,860 Some historians recounted: 123 00:06:10,860 --> 00:06:16,860 While Roderic was occupied with suppressing uprisings in Pamplona, 124 00:06:16,860 --> 00:06:17,860 in the north, 125 00:06:17,860 --> 00:06:20,860 news reached him of the arrival of the Muslim armies 126 00:06:20,860 --> 00:06:25,860 and their victory over his forces in several skirmishes. 127 00:06:25,860 --> 00:06:27,860 He was stunned by what had transpired, 128 00:06:27,860 --> 00:06:30,860 struck with intense panic and dread, 129 00:06:30,860 --> 00:06:33,860 and rushed back to Toledo. 130 00:06:33,860 --> 00:06:37,860 He then began mobilizing his army to confront the Muslims. 131 00:06:37,860 --> 00:06:43,220 The Visigothic army appears to have been confident in its might, 132 00:06:44,220 --> 00:06:49,220 and was certain of its ability to overcome the Muslims, 133 00:06:49,220 --> 00:06:54,220 to the extent that they prepared gear to haul Muslim captives, 134 00:06:54,220 --> 00:06:57,220 as mentioned by Ibn al-Kardabus: 135 00:06:57,220 --> 00:07:00,220 "When news reached Roderic, 136 00:07:00,220 --> 00:07:04,220 he marched out to confront him at the head of one hundred thousand horsemen, 137 00:07:04,220 --> 00:07:06,220 accompanied by carts 138 00:07:06,220 --> 00:07:08,220 carrying wealth and apparel. 139 00:07:08,220 --> 00:07:13,220 He rode upon a litter carried by three harnessed mules, 140 00:07:13,220 --> 00:07:18,220 beneath a canopy crowned with pearls and rubies, 141 00:07:18,220 --> 00:07:21,220 adorned in a robe of pearls 142 00:07:21,220 --> 00:07:23,220 woven with silk thread. 143 00:07:23,220 --> 00:07:28,250 With him were countless pack animals carrying nothing but ropes 144 00:07:28,250 --> 00:07:30,250 to bind the prisoners, 145 00:07:30,250 --> 00:07:33,569 for he harbored no doubt of capturing them." 146 00:07:33,569 --> 00:07:39,569 When Tariq learned of the massive Visigothic mobilization to fight the Muslims, 147 00:07:39,569 --> 00:07:43,569 he wrote to Musa ibn Nusayr requesting reinforcements. 148 00:07:43,569 --> 00:07:48,569 Musa dispatched to him an army of nearly five thousand fighters 149 00:07:48,569 --> 00:07:51,569 under the command of Tarif ibn Malik, 150 00:07:51,569 --> 00:07:54,569 transported aboard ships built by the Muslims, 151 00:07:54,569 --> 00:07:56,569 and it was perhaps Julian 152 00:07:56,569 --> 00:08:01,569 who facilitated the crossing of these reinforcements to al-Andalus. 153 00:08:01,569 --> 00:08:04,569 Thus the number of the Muslim army in al-Andalus reached 154 00:08:04,569 --> 00:08:07,569 twelve thousand fighters, 155 00:08:07,569 --> 00:08:10,569 the vast majority of whom were Muslim Berbers. 156 00:08:10,569 --> 00:08:14,569 Concerning this, the author of *Akhbar Majmu'ah* states: 157 00:08:14,569 --> 00:08:16,569 "Tariq 158 00:08:16,569 --> 00:08:22,569 wrote to Musa requesting reinforcements, informing him that Allah had granted victory over the peninsula, 159 00:08:22,569 --> 00:08:25,569 that they had taken control of it and the lake, 160 00:08:25,569 --> 00:08:30,569 and that the king of al-Andalus had marched against him with forces beyond his capacity. 161 00:08:30,569 --> 00:08:35,789 Ever since dispatching Tariq, Musa had set to work building ships 162 00:08:35,789 --> 00:08:38,789 until he possessed a substantial fleet. 163 00:08:38,789 --> 00:08:41,789 He thus transported five thousand men to him, 164 00:08:41,789 --> 00:08:47,789 bringing the Muslims in al-Andalus assembled with Tariq to twelve thousand." 165 00:08:47,789 --> 00:08:52,110 The Causes of the Battle of Guadalete: 166 00:08:52,110 --> 00:08:56,370 When Musa ibn Nusayr conquered the Maghreb 167 00:08:56,370 --> 00:09:00,370 and established his control over all Moroccan cities, 168 00:09:00,370 --> 00:09:03,370 there remained only the city of Ceuta, 169 00:09:03,370 --> 00:09:06,370 situated on the Mediterranean Sea, 170 00:09:06,370 --> 00:09:11,370 which served as an impregnable stronghold for the Visigoths of Hispania. 171 00:09:11,370 --> 00:09:17,399 The Visigoths had appointed a governor over it named Julian. 172 00:09:17,399 --> 00:09:23,399 During this time, an internal power struggle erupted in Hispania, 173 00:09:23,399 --> 00:09:27,399 wherein Commander Roderic usurped the throne from King Wittiza (Wamba), 174 00:09:27,399 --> 00:09:31,399 sparking a civil war in Hispania 175 00:09:31,399 --> 00:09:35,399 between the supporters of Roderic and those of the deposed faction. 176 00:09:35,399 --> 00:09:40,500 The war initially saw the ascendancy of Roderic's partisans. 177 00:09:40,500 --> 00:09:46,590 Julian was among the supporters of the deposed monarch, 178 00:09:46,590 --> 00:09:50,590 and Julian had sent his daughter to the royal court, 179 00:09:50,590 --> 00:09:52,590 where Roderic violated her, 180 00:09:52,590 --> 00:09:57,590 which became one of the prime motives to seek revenge against Roderic. 181 00:09:57,590 --> 00:10:02,590 Thus the deposed faction sought the assistance of the Muslims through Julian, 182 00:10:02,590 --> 00:10:06,590 agreeing to surrender the city of Ceuta to the Muslims 183 00:10:06,590 --> 00:10:12,590 so that Tariq's army could launch from it to fight Roderic's forces. 184 00:10:12,659 --> 00:10:18,659 Tariq's army entered Ceuta, setting out for Cádiz in al-Andalus, 185 00:10:18,659 --> 00:10:21,659 entering it without significant resistance. 186 00:10:21,659 --> 00:10:26,659 They then proceeded toward Algeciras and the Rock of Gibraltar, 187 00:10:26,659 --> 00:10:30,659 where they encountered fierce resistance 188 00:10:30,659 --> 00:10:34,659 that resulted in heavy casualties among the Muslim ranks. 189 00:10:34,659 --> 00:10:38,659 He promptly appealed to Musa ibn Nusayr for aid, 190 00:10:38,659 --> 00:10:41,659 who reinforced him as previously mentioned. 191 00:10:41,659 --> 00:10:44,649 The Date of the Battle: 192 00:10:44,649 --> 00:10:49,940 The battle took place on the twenty-eighth of the month of Ramadan, 193 00:10:49,940 --> 00:10:52,940 in the year 92 AH, 194 00:10:52,940 --> 00:10:56,940 corresponding to the nineteenth of July, 195 00:10:56,940 --> 00:11:00,940 711 CE. 196 00:11:00,940 --> 00:11:04,940 The battle lasted for eight days, 197 00:11:04,940 --> 00:11:07,940 continuing until the fifth day of Shawwal. 198 00:11:07,940 --> 00:11:11,289 The Bloody Clash: 199 00:11:11,289 --> 00:11:14,480 Tariq ibn Ziyad continued advancing with his troops, 200 00:11:14,480 --> 00:11:17,480 marching along the coastline, 201 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:21,480 and pitched his camp in a vast plain 202 00:11:21,480 --> 00:11:23,480 in the district of Medina-Sidonia, 203 00:11:23,480 --> 00:11:26,480 in southwestern Spain, 204 00:11:26,480 --> 00:11:28,480 near the Barbate River 205 00:11:28,480 --> 00:11:30,480 and the Guadalete River, 206 00:11:30,480 --> 00:11:34,480 which flows into the ocean near the coastal city of Cádiz. 207 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:38,480 Thus, the two armies met, vastly unequal in numbers; 208 00:11:38,480 --> 00:11:44,480 yet the Muslims possessed a strength unmatched by any force of their enemy, 209 00:11:44,480 --> 00:11:49,480 namely, the power of firm, unshakable faith. 210 00:11:49,480 --> 00:11:53,639 A fierce battle erupted between the two sides, 211 00:11:53,639 --> 00:11:56,639 and both forces clashed with intense savagery, 212 00:11:56,639 --> 00:11:59,639 to the point that they thought it would end in total annihilation. 213 00:11:59,639 --> 00:12:04,700 This bloody engagement raged on for eight days. 214 00:12:04,700 --> 00:12:06,700 The Barbate River had previously 215 00:12:06,700 --> 00:12:11,700 separated the two warring armies for three days, 216 00:12:11,700 --> 00:12:15,700 which were spent in mutual skirmishing. 217 00:12:15,700 --> 00:12:19,740 The Visigothic army occupied the northern bank of the river, 218 00:12:19,740 --> 00:12:23,740 while Tariq stood on its southern bank. 219 00:12:23,740 --> 00:12:25,830 On the fourth day, 220 00:12:25,830 --> 00:12:27,830 the two armies clashed in full force, 221 00:12:27,830 --> 00:12:30,830 and a violent, all-out battle broke out between them. 222 00:12:30,830 --> 00:12:33,830 Roderic appeared in the center of the battlefield, 223 00:12:33,830 --> 00:12:35,830 dressed in royal vestments, 224 00:12:35,830 --> 00:12:39,830 atop a chariot drawn by noble steeds. 225 00:12:39,830 --> 00:12:43,960 The Muslim Berbers of the Ghomara tribe displayed 226 00:12:43,960 --> 00:12:46,960 extraordinary fighting prowess, 227 00:12:46,960 --> 00:12:50,960 as they were handpicked elite members of that tribe, 228 00:12:50,960 --> 00:12:54,960 renowned for their daring and bravery, 229 00:12:54,960 --> 00:12:59,960 and thoroughly trained in military maneuvers of the highest order. 230 00:12:59,960 --> 00:13:04,960 Tariq had positioned a contingent of black soldiers at the vanguard of his army 231 00:13:04,960 --> 00:13:06,960 to absorb the initial shock of the assault, 232 00:13:06,960 --> 00:13:10,960 owing to their well-known patience and steadfastness. 233 00:13:10,960 --> 00:13:13,409 The Outcome of the Battle: 234 00:13:13,409 --> 00:13:14,409 First: 235 00:13:14,409 --> 00:13:18,659 The Muslims were victorious and the Visigoths were routed, 236 00:13:18,659 --> 00:13:21,659 though it was an exceptionally arduous victory, 237 00:13:21,659 --> 00:13:24,659 and an exhausting one at that, 238 00:13:24,659 --> 00:13:26,659 due to the prolonged duration of the battle 239 00:13:26,659 --> 00:13:29,659 and the overwhelming numerical strength of the Visigoths. 240 00:13:29,659 --> 00:13:30,919 Second: 241 00:13:30,919 --> 00:13:33,919 A quarter of the Muslim army was slain, 242 00:13:34,919 --> 00:13:36,919 amounting to three thousand men. 243 00:13:36,919 --> 00:13:38,299 Third: 244 00:13:38,299 --> 00:13:40,299 As for Roderic, 245 00:13:40,299 --> 00:13:42,299 his fate remains unknown, 246 00:13:42,299 --> 00:13:47,299 except that the Muslims found his dapple-gray horse that he had ridden, 247 00:13:47,299 --> 00:13:50,299 along with his saddle encrusted with rubies, 248 00:13:50,299 --> 00:13:54,299 its legs stuck fast in the mire into which it had plunged, 249 00:13:54,299 --> 00:13:58,299 but they found no trace of its rider, dead or alive. 250 00:13:58,299 --> 00:14:00,299 It was also said 251 00:14:00,299 --> 00:14:02,299 that he drowned instead. 252 00:14:02,299 --> 00:14:03,500 Fourth: 253 00:14:03,500 --> 00:14:06,500 The senior commanders of Roderic's army were slain. 254 00:14:06,500 --> 00:14:08,590 Fifth: 255 00:14:08,590 --> 00:14:12,590 The Muslims pursued the remnants of the Visigoths, killing and capturing them, 256 00:14:12,590 --> 00:14:16,590 and the sword was not lifted from them for three full days. 257 00:14:16,590 --> 00:14:18,820 Sixth: 258 00:14:18,820 --> 00:14:21,820 Immense spoils of war were seized. 259 00:14:21,820 --> 00:14:27,360 Consequences of the Muslim Victory at the Battle of Guadalete: 260 00:14:27,360 --> 00:14:31,679 This Ramadan battle is regarded 261 00:14:31,679 --> 00:14:34,679 as the master key to the land of al-Andalus, 262 00:14:34,679 --> 00:14:39,679 and the pivotal encounter in which the power of the Visigoths was utterly broken, 263 00:14:39,679 --> 00:14:45,809 through which the Muslims advanced to conquer the remaining Spanish cities. 264 00:14:45,809 --> 00:14:49,809 This battle was truly decisive, 265 00:14:49,809 --> 00:14:53,809 sealing the fate of Spain into Muslim hands, 266 00:14:53,809 --> 00:14:55,809 such that one can say 267 00:14:55,809 --> 00:15:01,809 all the battles that took place afterward across the rest of the peninsula 268 00:15:01,809 --> 00:15:05,809 were merely minor skirmishes, 269 00:15:05,809 --> 00:15:08,809 even if some were significant and fierce, 270 00:15:08,809 --> 00:15:12,870 when compared to this decisive confrontation. 271 00:15:12,870 --> 00:15:16,870 The Muslim conquest of Spain thereafter did not take, 272 00:15:16,870 --> 00:15:20,870 despite its rugged terrain and harsh climate, 273 00:15:20,870 --> 00:15:23,870 more than three years, 274 00:15:23,870 --> 00:15:29,970 which demonstrates that resistance had practically crumbled. 275 00:15:29,970 --> 00:15:32,970 Tariq capitalized on this great victory 276 00:15:32,970 --> 00:15:37,970 to prevent the Visigoths from regrouping their ranks, 277 00:15:37,970 --> 00:15:40,970 so he immediately marched toward the city of Écija, 278 00:15:40,970 --> 00:15:42,970 in pursuit of the fleeing Visigoths. 279 00:15:42,970 --> 00:15:47,970 Its inhabitants met him, joined by a great multitude of the defeated troops, 280 00:15:47,970 --> 00:15:50,970 and they engaged him in fierce combat; 281 00:15:50,970 --> 00:15:52,970 but the people of al-Andalus were routed once more, 282 00:15:52,970 --> 00:15:56,970 and the Muslims never encountered another battle of such intensity thereafter. 283 00:15:56,970 --> 00:16:02,059 Tariq then encamped by a spring situated between that point and the city of Écija, 284 00:16:02,059 --> 00:16:04,059 four miles away, 285 00:16:04,059 --> 00:16:07,059 which has been known as 'Ayn Tariq down to this day. 286 00:16:07,059 --> 00:16:10,059 Following this battle, Tariq conquered 287 00:16:10,059 --> 00:16:14,059 Sidonia, Almodóvar, Carmona, 288 00:16:14,059 --> 00:16:17,059 Seville, and Écija. 289 00:16:17,059 --> 00:16:19,059 He then dispatched Mughith al-Rumi, 290 00:16:19,059 --> 00:16:21,059 who conquered Córdoba, 291 00:16:22,059 --> 00:16:24,059 and sent out military detachments 292 00:16:24,059 --> 00:16:26,059 that conquered Málaga, Elvira, 293 00:16:26,059 --> 00:16:27,059 Granada, 294 00:16:27,059 --> 00:16:29,059 the district of Tudmir, 295 00:16:29,059 --> 00:16:32,129 Orihuela, and Murcia. 296 00:16:32,129 --> 00:16:34,129 He then set his sights on Toledo, 297 00:16:34,129 --> 00:16:38,129 entering it in the year ninety-three of the Hijrah 298 00:16:38,129 --> 00:16:40,129 without encountering resistance, 299 00:16:40,129 --> 00:16:43,129 finding it completely deserted except for a small group 300 00:16:43,129 --> 00:16:45,129 of Jews. 301 00:16:45,129 --> 00:16:50,129 Its governor had fled alongside his companions—the leading Visigothic nobles and priests— 302 00:16:50,129 --> 00:16:52,129 toward the northeast, 303 00:16:52,129 --> 00:16:56,129 carrying the church's treasures with them. 304 00:16:56,129 --> 00:17:00,129 Tariq left a garrison of his troops in Toledo 305 00:17:00,129 --> 00:17:05,130 and continued pursuing the fugitives along the route known to the Arabs as 306 00:17:05,130 --> 00:17:07,130 Wadi al-Hijarah (Guadalajara). 307 00:17:07,130 --> 00:17:09,130 Near a small town 308 00:17:09,130 --> 00:17:12,130 called Alcalá de Henares, 309 00:17:12,130 --> 00:17:16,130 which the Arabs named Qal'at 'Abd al-Salam 310 00:17:16,130 --> 00:17:19,130 and also referred to as Madinat al-Ma'idah, 311 00:17:19,130 --> 00:17:23,130 the Muslims overtook the fugitives fleeing from Toledo 312 00:17:23,130 --> 00:17:28,130 and captured the immensely valuable treasures they carried. 313 00:17:28,130 --> 00:17:34,130 Tariq ibn Ziyad did not advance beyond the region he had reached, 314 00:17:34,130 --> 00:17:40,130 perhaps fearing the enemy might cut off his route in these mountainous lands, 315 00:17:40,130 --> 00:17:43,130 exhausted as his men were from the toll of their exertions 316 00:17:43,130 --> 00:17:46,130 and weighed down by the extensive spoils they had amassed; 317 00:17:46,130 --> 00:17:49,130 so he returned to Toledo thereafter. 318 00:17:49,130 --> 00:17:53,180 From the Battle of Guadalete, 319 00:17:53,180 --> 00:17:56,180 we derive the following lessons: 320 00:17:56,180 --> 00:17:57,180 First: 321 00:17:57,180 --> 00:18:01,180 If the people of Islam truly adhere to their faith as it ought to be upheld, 322 00:18:01,180 --> 00:18:04,180 purify their intentions for Allah, 323 00:18:04,180 --> 00:18:07,180 and prepare whatever strength they are able to muster, 324 00:18:07,180 --> 00:18:11,180 no force of falsehood will ever be able to stand in their way, 325 00:18:11,180 --> 00:18:15,180 no matter its numbers or equipment, 326 00:18:15,180 --> 00:18:21,180 for the power of faith surpasses every power that mortals possess. 327 00:18:21,180 --> 00:18:23,569 Second: 328 00:18:23,569 --> 00:18:30,569 Lofty goals cannot be attained except through immense sacrifices and redoubled efforts. 329 00:18:30,569 --> 00:18:32,700 Third: 330 00:18:32,700 --> 00:18:35,700 Internal dissension and infighting 331 00:18:35,700 --> 00:18:39,700 are among the greatest causes leading to the collapse of states, 332 00:18:39,700 --> 00:18:42,700 the disintegration of their armies, and the humiliation of their peoples; 333 00:18:42,700 --> 00:18:46,700 and that is precisely the breach through which their enemies infiltrate, 334 00:18:46,700 --> 00:18:50,700 which is the very affliction plaguing our Ummah today. 335 00:18:50,700 --> 00:18:52,980 Fourth: 336 00:18:52,980 --> 00:18:57,980 A recognition of the virtue and merit of the Muslim Berbers in introducing Islam to Spain. 337 00:18:57,980 --> 00:19:00,210 Fifth: 338 00:19:00,210 --> 00:19:04,210 The permissibility of utilizing the cooperation of certain disbelievers 339 00:19:04,210 --> 00:19:08,210 against other disbelievers who are actively warring against the Muslims, 340 00:19:08,210 --> 00:19:13,210 provided that utmost caution and vigilance are strictly observed. 341 00:19:13,210 --> 00:19:19,380 Ramadan: Events and Lessons.