WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.469 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:05.469 --> 00:00:07.469 Summary of the book: 00:00:07.469 --> 00:00:09.470 "Ramadan: 00:00:09.470 --> 00:00:11.470 Events and Lessons." 00:00:11.470 --> 00:00:16.199 The Battle of Guadalete (Wadi Lakkah). 00:00:16.199 --> 00:00:19.219 The Time: 00:00:19.219 --> 00:00:22.219 On the twenty-eighth of the month of Ramadan, 00:00:22.219 --> 00:00:25.219 in the year 92 AH. 00:00:25.219 --> 00:00:31.300 Allah Almighty sent His Messenger, 00:00:31.300 --> 00:00:35.299 Muhammad ibn Abdillah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:00:35.299 --> 00:00:37.299 with the religion of Islam, 00:00:37.299 --> 00:00:40.299 to be His final religion for all mankind, 00:00:40.299 --> 00:00:42.299 both Arab and non-Arab, 00:00:42.299 --> 00:00:45.299 across all corners of the globe. 00:00:45.299 --> 00:00:47.359 Allah Almighty said: 00:00:47.359 --> 00:00:50.359 “And We have not sent thee (O Muhammad) save as a bringer of good tidings and a warner unto all mankind; but most of mankind know not.” (34:28) 00:00:50.359 --> 00:00:54.359 "...as a bearer of glad tidings and a warner to mankind, 00:00:54.359 --> 00:00:56.359 but most 00:00:56.359 --> 00:00:59.359 of the people do not know." 00:00:59.359 --> 00:01:01.549 For in following this religion 00:01:01.549 --> 00:01:03.549 lies the attainment of immense good 00:01:03.549 --> 00:01:06.549 for its adherents in this world and the Hereafter. 00:01:06.549 --> 00:01:10.000 Thus the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, called 00:01:10.000 --> 00:01:12.000 all of mankind, 00:01:12.000 --> 00:01:15.000 and his Ummah after him called 00:01:15.000 --> 00:01:17.000 to that which he had called to. 00:01:17.000 --> 00:01:19.129 However, the darkness of falsehood 00:01:19.129 --> 00:01:22.129 could never allow the light of truth 00:01:22.129 --> 00:01:24.129 to flow freely to the people without standing 00:01:24.129 --> 00:01:26.129 in its way. 00:01:26.129 --> 00:01:29.129 It was therefore inevitable to take the path of force 00:01:29.129 --> 00:01:32.129 to remove that obstacle 00:01:32.129 --> 00:01:34.129 which stood between the people 00:01:34.129 --> 00:01:36.579 and following the truth. 00:01:36.579 --> 00:01:38.579 For that reason, Allah Almighty revealed 00:01:38.579 --> 00:01:41.579 to His Messenger in the Noble Qur'an 00:01:41.579 --> 00:01:43.579 numerous verses 00:01:43.579 --> 00:01:45.579 granting permission to fight, 00:01:45.579 --> 00:01:47.579 and commanding it thereafter. 00:01:47.579 --> 00:01:49.640 Allah Almighty said: 00:01:49.640 --> 00:01:52.670 "And fight them until there is no fitnah..." 00:01:52.670 --> 00:01:55.670 “And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for Allah. But if they desist, then let there be no hostility except against wrong-doers.” (2:193) 00:01:55.670 --> 00:01:57.670 "But if they cease..." 00:01:57.670 --> 00:02:00.670 “And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for Allah. But if they desist, then let there be no hostility except against wrong-doers.” (2:193) 00:02:00.670 --> 00:02:04.120 Thus the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, obeyed 00:02:04.120 --> 00:02:06.120 the command of his Lord, 00:02:06.120 --> 00:02:09.120 setting out with his noble Companions 00:02:09.120 --> 00:02:12.120 to combat those who barred people from the path of Allah. 00:02:12.120 --> 00:02:15.219 The very first expedition he undertook, 00:02:15.219 --> 00:02:18.219 the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:02:18.219 --> 00:02:20.219 was the Expedition of al-Abwa', 00:02:20.219 --> 00:02:22.219 or Waddan, 00:02:22.219 --> 00:02:24.219 and that took place in Safar 00:02:24.219 --> 00:02:27.379 of the second year of the Hijrah. 00:02:27.379 --> 00:02:29.379 Before it, there had been three reconnaissance detachments 00:02:29.379 --> 00:02:31.379 that he had dispatched. 00:02:31.379 --> 00:02:36.379 Thereafter, the expeditions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, followed in succession, 00:02:36.379 --> 00:02:38.379 beginning with Badr 00:02:38.379 --> 00:02:40.379 and culminating with Tabuk. 00:02:40.379 --> 00:02:43.569 His Companions then followed in his footsteps 00:02:43.569 --> 00:02:45.569 during the era of the Rightly-Guided Caliphate, 00:02:45.569 --> 00:02:48.569 conquering the lands of Iraq and the Levant, 00:02:48.569 --> 00:02:51.729 and subduing the Persians and the Byzantines. 00:02:51.729 --> 00:02:54.729 Then came the Umayyad Caliphate, 00:02:54.729 --> 00:02:56.729 and the dominion of the Muslims expanded 00:02:56.729 --> 00:02:58.729 across vast territories, 00:02:58.729 --> 00:03:01.729 among which was the Far Maghreb. 00:03:01.729 --> 00:03:04.729 The Muslims at that time continued 00:03:04.729 --> 00:03:08.729 to look forward to conquering the lands beyond it, 00:03:08.729 --> 00:03:11.759 such as al-Andalus and the like, 00:03:11.759 --> 00:03:15.759 until Allah prepared the favorable conditions for its conquest 00:03:15.759 --> 00:03:22.759 and eased the path for people to enter Allah's religion in crowds without hindrance. 00:03:22.759 --> 00:03:26.169 Musa ibn Nusayr 00:03:26.169 --> 00:03:29.550 and the Path to al-Andalus: 00:03:29.550 --> 00:03:34.550 Musa ibn Nusayr assumed leadership in the year 89 AH, 00:03:34.550 --> 00:03:37.550 corresponding to 707 CE, 00:03:37.550 --> 00:03:39.550 over the governance of the Maghreb, 00:03:39.550 --> 00:03:42.550 succeeding Hassan ibn al-Nu'man, 00:03:42.550 --> 00:03:46.550 who was dismissed due to a disagreement between him and the governor of Egypt. 00:03:46.550 --> 00:03:50.550 The Berbers revolted at the beginning of his rule, 00:03:50.550 --> 00:03:53.550 but he suppressed their rebellion with great resolve 00:03:53.550 --> 00:03:58.580 and conquered Tangier, where their remaining remnants had taken refuge, 00:03:58.580 --> 00:04:01.580 appointing Tariq ibn Ziyad as its governor. 00:04:01.580 --> 00:04:04.580 He then pursued a wise policy 00:04:04.580 --> 00:04:07.580 to halt the recurring Berber uprisings, 00:04:07.580 --> 00:04:10.580 namely the Islamization of the region, 00:04:10.580 --> 00:04:12.580 that is, bringing its people into Islam. 00:04:12.580 --> 00:04:16.579 He succeeded in winning the hearts of the Berbers to Islam, 00:04:16.579 --> 00:04:19.579 and thousands of them enlisted in his army. 00:04:19.579 --> 00:04:25.579 He also established a formidable navy to defend the frontiers against Byzantine raids, 00:04:25.579 --> 00:04:29.579 and began attacking the islands and naval bases 00:04:29.579 --> 00:04:32.579 off the African coast, 00:04:32.579 --> 00:04:34.579 raiding the Balearic Islands 00:04:34.579 --> 00:04:38.579 and attacking Sicily and Sardinia. 00:04:38.579 --> 00:04:40.579 Nothing remained outside his authority 00:04:40.579 --> 00:04:44.579 except the outpost of Ceuta, east of Tangier, 00:04:44.579 --> 00:04:46.579 as it was heavily fortified. 00:04:46.579 --> 00:04:50.740 Ceuta was under the suzerainty of the Visigoths, 00:04:50.740 --> 00:04:52.740 the rulers of Hispania. 00:04:52.740 --> 00:04:55.870 While he was attempting to conquer it, 00:04:55.870 --> 00:04:59.870 its governor, known as Julian, negotiated with him for peace 00:04:59.870 --> 00:05:04.870 and offered to aid him in fighting the ruler of Hispania, 00:05:04.870 --> 00:05:06.870 named Roderic, 00:05:06.870 --> 00:05:09.870 whom the Muslims called Ludhriq. 00:05:09.870 --> 00:05:14.899 Musa consulted Caliph al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik regarding this offer, 00:05:14.899 --> 00:05:16.899 and he approved it, 00:05:16.899 --> 00:05:21.899 alerting Musa to the importance of exercising caution and prudence, 00:05:21.899 --> 00:05:24.899 lest the matter be a deception. 00:05:24.899 --> 00:05:28.290 Tariq crossed the Strait of Gibraltar— 00:05:28.290 --> 00:05:30.290 which later came to be known by his name— 00:05:30.290 --> 00:05:33.290 aboard the ships of Julian, the governor of Ceuta, 00:05:33.290 --> 00:05:36.290 in the year 92 AH, 00:05:36.290 --> 00:05:40.290 corresponding to 711 CE, 00:05:40.290 --> 00:05:43.350 and anchored his ships by the Rock of Gibraltar, 00:05:43.350 --> 00:05:47.350 which is now known as the Rock of Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq). 00:05:47.350 --> 00:05:50.579 He then began advancing inland 00:05:50.579 --> 00:05:53.579 until he reached Lake La Janda. 00:05:53.579 --> 00:05:58.699 When he learned of the mobilization of the Visigothic king Roderic to confront him, 00:05:58.699 --> 00:06:01.699 he requested reinforcements from Ibn Nusayr, 00:06:01.699 --> 00:06:05.699 who supplied him with ships and five thousand soldiers, 00:06:05.699 --> 00:06:08.699 bringing his army to twelve thousand men. 00:06:08.699 --> 00:06:10.860 Some historians recounted: 00:06:10.860 --> 00:06:16.860 While Roderic was occupied with suppressing uprisings in Pamplona, 00:06:16.860 --> 00:06:17.860 in the north, 00:06:17.860 --> 00:06:20.860 news reached him of the arrival of the Muslim armies 00:06:20.860 --> 00:06:25.860 and their victory over his forces in several skirmishes. 00:06:25.860 --> 00:06:27.860 He was stunned by what had transpired, 00:06:27.860 --> 00:06:30.860 struck with intense panic and dread, 00:06:30.860 --> 00:06:33.860 and rushed back to Toledo. 00:06:33.860 --> 00:06:37.860 He then began mobilizing his army to confront the Muslims. 00:06:37.860 --> 00:06:43.220 The Visigothic army appears to have been confident in its might, 00:06:44.220 --> 00:06:49.220 and was certain of its ability to overcome the Muslims, 00:06:49.220 --> 00:06:54.220 to the extent that they prepared gear to haul Muslim captives, 00:06:54.220 --> 00:06:57.220 as mentioned by Ibn al-Kardabus: 00:06:57.220 --> 00:07:00.220 "When news reached Roderic, 00:07:00.220 --> 00:07:04.220 he marched out to confront him at the head of one hundred thousand horsemen, 00:07:04.220 --> 00:07:06.220 accompanied by carts 00:07:06.220 --> 00:07:08.220 carrying wealth and apparel. 00:07:08.220 --> 00:07:13.220 He rode upon a litter carried by three harnessed mules, 00:07:13.220 --> 00:07:18.220 beneath a canopy crowned with pearls and rubies, 00:07:18.220 --> 00:07:21.220 adorned in a robe of pearls 00:07:21.220 --> 00:07:23.220 woven with silk thread. 00:07:23.220 --> 00:07:28.250 With him were countless pack animals carrying nothing but ropes 00:07:28.250 --> 00:07:30.250 to bind the prisoners, 00:07:30.250 --> 00:07:33.569 for he harbored no doubt of capturing them." 00:07:33.569 --> 00:07:39.569 When Tariq learned of the massive Visigothic mobilization to fight the Muslims, 00:07:39.569 --> 00:07:43.569 he wrote to Musa ibn Nusayr requesting reinforcements. 00:07:43.569 --> 00:07:48.569 Musa dispatched to him an army of nearly five thousand fighters 00:07:48.569 --> 00:07:51.569 under the command of Tarif ibn Malik, 00:07:51.569 --> 00:07:54.569 transported aboard ships built by the Muslims, 00:07:54.569 --> 00:07:56.569 and it was perhaps Julian 00:07:56.569 --> 00:08:01.569 who facilitated the crossing of these reinforcements to al-Andalus. 00:08:01.569 --> 00:08:04.569 Thus the number of the Muslim army in al-Andalus reached 00:08:04.569 --> 00:08:07.569 twelve thousand fighters, 00:08:07.569 --> 00:08:10.569 the vast majority of whom were Muslim Berbers. 00:08:10.569 --> 00:08:14.569 Concerning this, the author of *Akhbar Majmu'ah* states: 00:08:14.569 --> 00:08:16.569 "Tariq 00:08:16.569 --> 00:08:22.569 wrote to Musa requesting reinforcements, informing him that Allah had granted victory over the peninsula, 00:08:22.569 --> 00:08:25.569 that they had taken control of it and the lake, 00:08:25.569 --> 00:08:30.569 and that the king of al-Andalus had marched against him with forces beyond his capacity. 00:08:30.569 --> 00:08:35.789 Ever since dispatching Tariq, Musa had set to work building ships 00:08:35.789 --> 00:08:38.789 until he possessed a substantial fleet. 00:08:38.789 --> 00:08:41.789 He thus transported five thousand men to him, 00:08:41.789 --> 00:08:47.789 bringing the Muslims in al-Andalus assembled with Tariq to twelve thousand." 00:08:47.789 --> 00:08:52.110 The Causes of the Battle of Guadalete: 00:08:52.110 --> 00:08:56.370 When Musa ibn Nusayr conquered the Maghreb 00:08:56.370 --> 00:09:00.370 and established his control over all Moroccan cities, 00:09:00.370 --> 00:09:03.370 there remained only the city of Ceuta, 00:09:03.370 --> 00:09:06.370 situated on the Mediterranean Sea, 00:09:06.370 --> 00:09:11.370 which served as an impregnable stronghold for the Visigoths of Hispania. 00:09:11.370 --> 00:09:17.399 The Visigoths had appointed a governor over it named Julian. 00:09:17.399 --> 00:09:23.399 During this time, an internal power struggle erupted in Hispania, 00:09:23.399 --> 00:09:27.399 wherein Commander Roderic usurped the throne from King Wittiza (Wamba), 00:09:27.399 --> 00:09:31.399 sparking a civil war in Hispania 00:09:31.399 --> 00:09:35.399 between the supporters of Roderic and those of the deposed faction. 00:09:35.399 --> 00:09:40.500 The war initially saw the ascendancy of Roderic's partisans. 00:09:40.500 --> 00:09:46.590 Julian was among the supporters of the deposed monarch, 00:09:46.590 --> 00:09:50.590 and Julian had sent his daughter to the royal court, 00:09:50.590 --> 00:09:52.590 where Roderic violated her, 00:09:52.590 --> 00:09:57.590 which became one of the prime motives to seek revenge against Roderic. 00:09:57.590 --> 00:10:02.590 Thus the deposed faction sought the assistance of the Muslims through Julian, 00:10:02.590 --> 00:10:06.590 agreeing to surrender the city of Ceuta to the Muslims 00:10:06.590 --> 00:10:12.590 so that Tariq's army could launch from it to fight Roderic's forces. 00:10:12.659 --> 00:10:18.659 Tariq's army entered Ceuta, setting out for Cádiz in al-Andalus, 00:10:18.659 --> 00:10:21.659 entering it without significant resistance. 00:10:21.659 --> 00:10:26.659 They then proceeded toward Algeciras and the Rock of Gibraltar, 00:10:26.659 --> 00:10:30.659 where they encountered fierce resistance 00:10:30.659 --> 00:10:34.659 that resulted in heavy casualties among the Muslim ranks. 00:10:34.659 --> 00:10:38.659 He promptly appealed to Musa ibn Nusayr for aid, 00:10:38.659 --> 00:10:41.659 who reinforced him as previously mentioned. 00:10:41.659 --> 00:10:44.649 The Date of the Battle: 00:10:44.649 --> 00:10:49.940 The battle took place on the twenty-eighth of the month of Ramadan, 00:10:49.940 --> 00:10:52.940 in the year 92 AH, 00:10:52.940 --> 00:10:56.940 corresponding to the nineteenth of July, 00:10:56.940 --> 00:11:00.940 711 CE. 00:11:00.940 --> 00:11:04.940 The battle lasted for eight days, 00:11:04.940 --> 00:11:07.940 continuing until the fifth day of Shawwal. 00:11:07.940 --> 00:11:11.289 The Bloody Clash: 00:11:11.289 --> 00:11:14.480 Tariq ibn Ziyad continued advancing with his troops, 00:11:14.480 --> 00:11:17.480 marching along the coastline, 00:11:17.480 --> 00:11:21.480 and pitched his camp in a vast plain 00:11:21.480 --> 00:11:23.480 in the district of Medina-Sidonia, 00:11:23.480 --> 00:11:26.480 in southwestern Spain, 00:11:26.480 --> 00:11:28.480 near the Barbate River 00:11:28.480 --> 00:11:30.480 and the Guadalete River, 00:11:30.480 --> 00:11:34.480 which flows into the ocean near the coastal city of Cádiz. 00:11:34.480 --> 00:11:38.480 Thus, the two armies met, vastly unequal in numbers; 00:11:38.480 --> 00:11:44.480 yet the Muslims possessed a strength unmatched by any force of their enemy, 00:11:44.480 --> 00:11:49.480 namely, the power of firm, unshakable faith. 00:11:49.480 --> 00:11:53.639 A fierce battle erupted between the two sides, 00:11:53.639 --> 00:11:56.639 and both forces clashed with intense savagery, 00:11:56.639 --> 00:11:59.639 to the point that they thought it would end in total annihilation. 00:11:59.639 --> 00:12:04.700 This bloody engagement raged on for eight days. 00:12:04.700 --> 00:12:06.700 The Barbate River had previously 00:12:06.700 --> 00:12:11.700 separated the two warring armies for three days, 00:12:11.700 --> 00:12:15.700 which were spent in mutual skirmishing. 00:12:15.700 --> 00:12:19.740 The Visigothic army occupied the northern bank of the river, 00:12:19.740 --> 00:12:23.740 while Tariq stood on its southern bank. 00:12:23.740 --> 00:12:25.830 On the fourth day, 00:12:25.830 --> 00:12:27.830 the two armies clashed in full force, 00:12:27.830 --> 00:12:30.830 and a violent, all-out battle broke out between them. 00:12:30.830 --> 00:12:33.830 Roderic appeared in the center of the battlefield, 00:12:33.830 --> 00:12:35.830 dressed in royal vestments, 00:12:35.830 --> 00:12:39.830 atop a chariot drawn by noble steeds. 00:12:39.830 --> 00:12:43.960 The Muslim Berbers of the Ghomara tribe displayed 00:12:43.960 --> 00:12:46.960 extraordinary fighting prowess, 00:12:46.960 --> 00:12:50.960 as they were handpicked elite members of that tribe, 00:12:50.960 --> 00:12:54.960 renowned for their daring and bravery, 00:12:54.960 --> 00:12:59.960 and thoroughly trained in military maneuvers of the highest order. 00:12:59.960 --> 00:13:04.960 Tariq had positioned a contingent of black soldiers at the vanguard of his army 00:13:04.960 --> 00:13:06.960 to absorb the initial shock of the assault, 00:13:06.960 --> 00:13:10.960 owing to their well-known patience and steadfastness. 00:13:10.960 --> 00:13:13.409 The Outcome of the Battle: 00:13:13.409 --> 00:13:14.409 First: 00:13:14.409 --> 00:13:18.659 The Muslims were victorious and the Visigoths were routed, 00:13:18.659 --> 00:13:21.659 though it was an exceptionally arduous victory, 00:13:21.659 --> 00:13:24.659 and an exhausting one at that, 00:13:24.659 --> 00:13:26.659 due to the prolonged duration of the battle 00:13:26.659 --> 00:13:29.659 and the overwhelming numerical strength of the Visigoths. 00:13:29.659 --> 00:13:30.919 Second: 00:13:30.919 --> 00:13:33.919 A quarter of the Muslim army was slain, 00:13:34.919 --> 00:13:36.919 amounting to three thousand men. 00:13:36.919 --> 00:13:38.299 Third: 00:13:38.299 --> 00:13:40.299 As for Roderic, 00:13:40.299 --> 00:13:42.299 his fate remains unknown, 00:13:42.299 --> 00:13:47.299 except that the Muslims found his dapple-gray horse that he had ridden, 00:13:47.299 --> 00:13:50.299 along with his saddle encrusted with rubies, 00:13:50.299 --> 00:13:54.299 its legs stuck fast in the mire into which it had plunged, 00:13:54.299 --> 00:13:58.299 but they found no trace of its rider, dead or alive. 00:13:58.299 --> 00:14:00.299 It was also said 00:14:00.299 --> 00:14:02.299 that he drowned instead. 00:14:02.299 --> 00:14:03.500 Fourth: 00:14:03.500 --> 00:14:06.500 The senior commanders of Roderic's army were slain. 00:14:06.500 --> 00:14:08.590 Fifth: 00:14:08.590 --> 00:14:12.590 The Muslims pursued the remnants of the Visigoths, killing and capturing them, 00:14:12.590 --> 00:14:16.590 and the sword was not lifted from them for three full days. 00:14:16.590 --> 00:14:18.820 Sixth: 00:14:18.820 --> 00:14:21.820 Immense spoils of war were seized. 00:14:21.820 --> 00:14:27.360 Consequences of the Muslim Victory at the Battle of Guadalete: 00:14:27.360 --> 00:14:31.679 This Ramadan battle is regarded 00:14:31.679 --> 00:14:34.679 as the master key to the land of al-Andalus, 00:14:34.679 --> 00:14:39.679 and the pivotal encounter in which the power of the Visigoths was utterly broken, 00:14:39.679 --> 00:14:45.809 through which the Muslims advanced to conquer the remaining Spanish cities. 00:14:45.809 --> 00:14:49.809 This battle was truly decisive, 00:14:49.809 --> 00:14:53.809 sealing the fate of Spain into Muslim hands, 00:14:53.809 --> 00:14:55.809 such that one can say 00:14:55.809 --> 00:15:01.809 all the battles that took place afterward across the rest of the peninsula 00:15:01.809 --> 00:15:05.809 were merely minor skirmishes, 00:15:05.809 --> 00:15:08.809 even if some were significant and fierce, 00:15:08.809 --> 00:15:12.870 when compared to this decisive confrontation. 00:15:12.870 --> 00:15:16.870 The Muslim conquest of Spain thereafter did not take, 00:15:16.870 --> 00:15:20.870 despite its rugged terrain and harsh climate, 00:15:20.870 --> 00:15:23.870 more than three years, 00:15:23.870 --> 00:15:29.970 which demonstrates that resistance had practically crumbled. 00:15:29.970 --> 00:15:32.970 Tariq capitalized on this great victory 00:15:32.970 --> 00:15:37.970 to prevent the Visigoths from regrouping their ranks, 00:15:37.970 --> 00:15:40.970 so he immediately marched toward the city of Écija, 00:15:40.970 --> 00:15:42.970 in pursuit of the fleeing Visigoths. 00:15:42.970 --> 00:15:47.970 Its inhabitants met him, joined by a great multitude of the defeated troops, 00:15:47.970 --> 00:15:50.970 and they engaged him in fierce combat; 00:15:50.970 --> 00:15:52.970 but the people of al-Andalus were routed once more, 00:15:52.970 --> 00:15:56.970 and the Muslims never encountered another battle of such intensity thereafter. 00:15:56.970 --> 00:16:02.059 Tariq then encamped by a spring situated between that point and the city of Écija, 00:16:02.059 --> 00:16:04.059 four miles away, 00:16:04.059 --> 00:16:07.059 which has been known as 'Ayn Tariq down to this day. 00:16:07.059 --> 00:16:10.059 Following this battle, Tariq conquered 00:16:10.059 --> 00:16:14.059 Sidonia, Almodóvar, Carmona, 00:16:14.059 --> 00:16:17.059 Seville, and Écija. 00:16:17.059 --> 00:16:19.059 He then dispatched Mughith al-Rumi, 00:16:19.059 --> 00:16:21.059 who conquered Córdoba, 00:16:22.059 --> 00:16:24.059 and sent out military detachments 00:16:24.059 --> 00:16:26.059 that conquered Málaga, Elvira, 00:16:26.059 --> 00:16:27.059 Granada, 00:16:27.059 --> 00:16:29.059 the district of Tudmir, 00:16:29.059 --> 00:16:32.129 Orihuela, and Murcia. 00:16:32.129 --> 00:16:34.129 He then set his sights on Toledo, 00:16:34.129 --> 00:16:38.129 entering it in the year ninety-three of the Hijrah 00:16:38.129 --> 00:16:40.129 without encountering resistance, 00:16:40.129 --> 00:16:43.129 finding it completely deserted except for a small group 00:16:43.129 --> 00:16:45.129 of Jews. 00:16:45.129 --> 00:16:50.129 Its governor had fled alongside his companions—the leading Visigothic nobles and priests— 00:16:50.129 --> 00:16:52.129 toward the northeast, 00:16:52.129 --> 00:16:56.129 carrying the church's treasures with them. 00:16:56.129 --> 00:17:00.129 Tariq left a garrison of his troops in Toledo 00:17:00.129 --> 00:17:05.130 and continued pursuing the fugitives along the route known to the Arabs as 00:17:05.130 --> 00:17:07.130 Wadi al-Hijarah (Guadalajara). 00:17:07.130 --> 00:17:09.130 Near a small town 00:17:09.130 --> 00:17:12.130 called Alcalá de Henares, 00:17:12.130 --> 00:17:16.130 which the Arabs named Qal'at 'Abd al-Salam 00:17:16.130 --> 00:17:19.130 and also referred to as Madinat al-Ma'idah, 00:17:19.130 --> 00:17:23.130 the Muslims overtook the fugitives fleeing from Toledo 00:17:23.130 --> 00:17:28.130 and captured the immensely valuable treasures they carried. 00:17:28.130 --> 00:17:34.130 Tariq ibn Ziyad did not advance beyond the region he had reached, 00:17:34.130 --> 00:17:40.130 perhaps fearing the enemy might cut off his route in these mountainous lands, 00:17:40.130 --> 00:17:43.130 exhausted as his men were from the toll of their exertions 00:17:43.130 --> 00:17:46.130 and weighed down by the extensive spoils they had amassed; 00:17:46.130 --> 00:17:49.130 so he returned to Toledo thereafter. 00:17:49.130 --> 00:17:53.180 From the Battle of Guadalete, 00:17:53.180 --> 00:17:56.180 we derive the following lessons: 00:17:56.180 --> 00:17:57.180 First: 00:17:57.180 --> 00:18:01.180 If the people of Islam truly adhere to their faith as it ought to be upheld, 00:18:01.180 --> 00:18:04.180 purify their intentions for Allah, 00:18:04.180 --> 00:18:07.180 and prepare whatever strength they are able to muster, 00:18:07.180 --> 00:18:11.180 no force of falsehood will ever be able to stand in their way, 00:18:11.180 --> 00:18:15.180 no matter its numbers or equipment, 00:18:15.180 --> 00:18:21.180 for the power of faith surpasses every power that mortals possess. 00:18:21.180 --> 00:18:23.569 Second: 00:18:23.569 --> 00:18:30.569 Lofty goals cannot be attained except through immense sacrifices and redoubled efforts. 00:18:30.569 --> 00:18:32.700 Third: 00:18:32.700 --> 00:18:35.700 Internal dissension and infighting 00:18:35.700 --> 00:18:39.700 are among the greatest causes leading to the collapse of states, 00:18:39.700 --> 00:18:42.700 the disintegration of their armies, and the humiliation of their peoples; 00:18:42.700 --> 00:18:46.700 and that is precisely the breach through which their enemies infiltrate, 00:18:46.700 --> 00:18:50.700 which is the very affliction plaguing our Ummah today. 00:18:50.700 --> 00:18:52.980 Fourth: 00:18:52.980 --> 00:18:57.980 A recognition of the virtue and merit of the Muslim Berbers in introducing Islam to Spain. 00:18:57.980 --> 00:19:00.210 Fifth: 00:19:00.210 --> 00:19:04.210 The permissibility of utilizing the cooperation of certain disbelievers 00:19:04.210 --> 00:19:08.210 against other disbelievers who are actively warring against the Muslims, 00:19:08.210 --> 00:19:13.210 provided that utmost caution and vigilance are strictly observed. 00:19:13.210 --> 00:19:19.380 Ramadan: Events and Lessons.