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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Furqan.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“And those who look not for a meeting with Us say: Why are angels not sent down unto us and (Why) do we not see our Lord! Assuredly they think too highly of themselves and are scornful with great pride.” (25:21)

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“And those who look not for a meeting with Us say: Why are angels not sent down unto us and (Why) do we not see our Lord! Assuredly they think too highly of themselves and are scornful with great pride.” (25:21)

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“And those who look not for a meeting with Us say: Why are angels not sent down unto us and (Why) do we not see our Lord! Assuredly they think too highly of themselves and are scornful with great pride.” (25:21)

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And the polytheists—who do not fear meeting Us—said:

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"Why has Allah not sent down angels to us to inform us that Muhammad is truthful in what he says,

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or why do we not see our Lord directly so that He tells us that Himself?"

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Indeed, those who uttered these words have grown arrogant within themselves,

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and they have exceeded all bounds in their arrogance by making such a statement.

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“On the day when they behold the angels, on that day there will be no good tidings for the guilty; and they will cry: A forbidding ban!” (25:22)

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"And they say, 'Hujran Mahjura' (Forbidden and completely barred)."

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The day when these people who uttered these words see—

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“And those who look not for a meeting with Us say: Why are angels not sent down unto us and (Why) do we not see our Lord! Assuredly they think too highly of themselves and are scornful with great pride.” (25:21)

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The day they see the angels, there will be no good tidings for them on that day.

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And the angels will say to the criminals:

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"Good news is strictly forbidden and denied to you today by Allah."

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“And We shall turn unto the work they did and make it scattered motes.” (25:23)

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"And We shall turn to whatever deeds these criminals performed,

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and render them entirely void,

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like the light dust floating in the air when sunlight enters through a window lattice,

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which an observer assumes to be dust, yet it is nothing at all."

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“Those who have earned the Garden on that day will be better in their home and happier in their place of noonday rest;” (25:24)

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The people of Paradise on the Day of Resurrection will have a far better abode—

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which is the place where they shall settle—

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than the abode of these polytheists who boast about their wealth,

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and a far finer place of afternoon rest.

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"And the Day the sky will be split open with clouds,

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and the angels will be sent down in succession."

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"Sovereignty on that Day belongs in truth to the Most Compassionate."

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“The Sovereignty on that day will be the True (Sovereignty) belonging to the Beneficent One, and it will be a hard day for disbelievers.” (25:26)

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On the Day of Resurrection, when the sky splits open with clouds,

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and the angels descend to the earth in successive ranks,

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true sovereignty on that Day will belong purely to the Most Compassionate, to the exclusion of all others.

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And the Day the sky splits open with clouds will be a terribly difficult day for those who disbelieve in Allah.

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“On the day when the wrong-doer gnaweth his hands, he will say: Ah, would that I had chosen a way together with the messenger (of Allah)!” (25:27)

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“On the day when the wrong-doer gnaweth his hands, he will say: Ah, would that I had chosen a way together with the messenger (of Allah)!” (25:27)

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"Oh, woe to me! I wish I had never taken so-and-so as a close friend!"

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And the Day the wrongdoer—the polytheist who associated partners with his Lord—will bite his hands,

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out of intense regret and grief over how he neglected his duty toward Allah,

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and he will say:

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"Oh, I wish I had taken a path with the Messenger in the worldly life toward salvation from Allah's punishment!

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Oh, woe to me! I wish I had never taken so-and-so as a close friend!"

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"So-and-so" is said to refer to Ubayy ibn Khalaf, and it is also said to refer to Satan.

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“He verily led me astray from the Reminder after it had reached me. Satan was ever man's deserter in the hour of need.” (25:29)

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“He verily led me astray from the Reminder after it had reached me. Satan was ever man's deserter in the hour of need.” (25:29)

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"He truly led me astray from believing in the Qur'an after it had come to me from Allah,

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and he turned me away from it."

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And Satan is ever a foresaker of man when calamity befalls him,

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neither rescuing him nor saving him.

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"And the Messenger said, 'O my Lord! Indeed, my people have taken this Qur'an as a thing abandoned.'"

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And the Messenger will say on the Day when the wrongdoer bites his hands:

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"O my Lord! Indeed, my people—those to whom You sent me—

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“And the messenger saith: O my Lord! Lo! mine own folk make this Qur'an of no account.” (25:30)

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turned away from it and refused to listen to it."

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“Even so have We appointed unto every prophet an opponent from among the guilty; but Allah sufficeth for a Guide and Helper.” (25:31)

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“Even so have We appointed unto every prophet an opponent from among the guilty; but Allah sufficeth for a Guide and Helper.” (25:31)

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And just as We appointed for you, O Muhammad, enemies among the polytheists of your people,

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so too We appointed for every prophet We sent before you an enemy among the polytheists of his people.

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Thus, you have not been singled out with this trial from among them.

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And sufficient is your Lord for you, O Muhammad, as a guide to direct you to the truth,

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and as a helper to grant you victory over your enemies.

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So do not let your enemies among the polytheists daunt you,

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for I am certainly granting you victory over them.

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“And those who disbelieve say: Why is the Qur'an not revealed unto him all at once? (It is revealed) thus that We may strengthen thy heart therewith; and We have arranged it in right order.” (25:32)

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“And those who disbelieve say: Why is the Qur'an not revealed unto him all at once? (It is revealed) thus that We may strengthen thy heart therewith; and We have arranged it in right order.” (25:32)

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"And We recited it in a gradual, measured recitation."

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And those who disbelieved said:

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"Why was the Qur'an not sent down to Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) all at once,

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just as the Torah was sent down to Moses all at once?"

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Allah said:

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"We revealed it to you in this manner—verse after verse—

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so that We may fortify your heart's resolve and your soul's certainty thereby,

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teaching it to you bit by bit until you have committed it fully to memory."

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“And they bring thee no similitude but We bring thee the Truth (as against it), and better (than their similitude) as argument.” (25:33)

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"And whenever these polytheists bring you, O Muhammad, an argument or an objection,

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We bring you the truth that nullifies what they brought,

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and a far better explanation and exposition than their arguments."

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“Those who will be gathered on their faces unto hell: such are worse in plight and further from the right road.” (25:34)

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“Those who will be gathered on their faces unto hell: such are worse in plight and further from the right road.” (25:34)

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These polytheists, O Muhammad, who say this to you—

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“And those who disbelieve say: Why is the Qur'an not revealed unto him all at once? (It is revealed) thus that We may strengthen thy heart therewith; and We have arranged it in right order.” (25:32)

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"Those who will be gathered on their faces to Hell on the Day of Resurrection—"

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they will be dragged into Hell,

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in a far worse place of settling, in both this world and the Hereafter, than the people of Paradise in Paradise,

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and far further astray in their worldly path.

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"And We indeed gave Moses the Scripture..."

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“We verily gave Moses the Scripture and placed with him his brother Aaron as henchman.” (25:35)

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"So We said, 'Go to the people who denied Our signs,'

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and We destroyed them completely."

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And We indeed gave Moses the Torah,

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and We appointed his brother Aaron with him as an assistant and supporter.

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So We said to both of them:

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"Go to Pharaoh and his people, who have denied Our signs and proofs,"

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and We destroyed them completely.

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“And Noah's folk, when they denied the messengers, We drowned them and made of them a portent for mankind. We have prepared a painful doom for evil-doers.” (25:37)

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"And We made them a sign for mankind."

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“And Noah's folk, when they denied the messengers, We drowned them and made of them a portent for mankind. We have prepared a painful doom for evil-doers.” (25:37)

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And when the people of Noah denied Our messengers,

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We drowned them in the Deluge,

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and We made Our drowning of them a sermon and a lesson for mankind to take heed of,

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and We have prepared for them a painful punishment in the Hereafter.

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“And (the tribes of) A'ad and Thamud, and the dwellers in Ar-Rass, and many generations in between.” (25:38)

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“And (the tribes of) A'ad and Thamud, and the dwellers in Ar-Rass, and many generations in between.” (25:38)

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“Each (of them) We warned by examples, and each (of them) We brought to utter ruin.” (25:39)

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"And each of them We destroyed completely."

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And We also destroyed 'Ad, Thamud, and the Companions of al-Rass—

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who were a people settled around a well—

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and We destroyed many other nations situated between these named nations.

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And for all these nations that We destroyed,

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We cited examples for them,

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and We warned them through Our conclusive arguments against them;

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thus, We did not destroy any nation except after conveying the message to leave them no excuse.

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And all those whose matter We have related to you,

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We uprooted them entirely;

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We obliterated them with punishment in total annihilation and destroyed them all.

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“And indeed they have passed by the township whereon was rained the fatal rain. Can it be that they have not seen it? Nay, but they hope for no resurrection.” (25:40)

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“And indeed they have passed by the township whereon was rained the fatal rain. Can it be that they have not seen it? Nay, but they hope for no resurrection.” (25:40)

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And these who took the Qur'an as an abandoned thing have surely passed by the town upon which Allah rained stones, destroying them thereby—

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which is Sodom, the town of the people of Lot.

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Have these polytheists not been seeing that town

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and the punishment from Allah that befell it,

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so that they might take heed and remember?

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They did not deny Muhammad in what he brought them from Allah

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because they had failed to see what befell the described town,

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but rather they denied him simply because they are a people who do not fear being resurrected after death.

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And when these polytheists see you,

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they take you for nothing but mockery, ridiculing you,

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saying:

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"Is this the one whom Allah has sent as a messenger from among His creation?

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He almost led us astray from our gods that we worship,

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turning us away from their worship, had we not persevered in adhering to them!"

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It will become clear to them when they witness Allah's punishment descending upon them

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who was traveling upon a path other than guidance,

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and who was walking a ruinous way:

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is it you, or is it them?

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“Hast thou seen him who chooseth for his god his own lust? Wouldst thou then be guardian over him?” (25:43)

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“Or deemest thou that most of them hear or understand? They are but as the cattle - nay, but they are farther astray?” (25:44)

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"They are only like cattle; rather, they are even further astray from the path."

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Or do you think, O Muhammad, that most of these polytheists hear what is recited to them,

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so that they comprehend or understand the proofs of Allah that they observe?

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They are nothing but like unreasoning cattle that do not comprehend what is said to them;

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rather, they are even further astray from the right path than cattle.

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For cattle are guided to their pastures and yield to their masters,

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whereas these disbelievers do not obey their Lord,

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nor do they give thanks for the blessings of the One who bestowed them upon them.

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“Hast thou not seen how thy Lord hath spread the shade - And if He willed He could have made it still - then We have made the sun its pilot;” (25:45)

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“Hast thou not seen how thy Lord hath spread the shade - And if He willed He could have made it still - then We have made the sun its pilot;” (25:45)

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Have you not seen, O Muhammad, how your Lord extends the shadow—

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which is the period between the break of dawn and sunrise?

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And had He willed, He could have made it stationary, never vanishing,

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perpetually extended, neither removed nor diminished by the sun.

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Then We demonstrated to you, O people—by having the sun displace the shadow upon rising—

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that it is merely one of your Lord's creations,

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which He brings into existence when He wills, and causes to vanish when He wills.

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“Then We withdraw it unto Us, a gradual withdrawal?” (25:46)

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Then We withdraw that shadow—which the sun pointed to—gradually toward Us, in a subtle and swift manner,

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through the returning shade that We bring in the late afternoon.

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For after the sun sets, the shadow does not disappear all at once,

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nor does total darkness advance all at once;

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rather, that shadow is withdrawn subtly,

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bit by bit,

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and every portion of it that is withdrawn is followed by a portion of darkness.

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He extended the shadow and then made the sun an indicator over it;

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He is the One who made the night a garment for you, O people,

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and made sleep a means of rest for your bodies to recharge,

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and made the day a time for awakening and life.

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“And He it is Who sendeth the winds, glad tidings heralding His mercy, and We send down purifying water from the sky,” (25:48)

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“And He it is Who sendeth the winds, glad tidings heralding His mercy, and We send down purifying water from the sky,” (25:48)

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"That We may give life thereby to a dead land and slake the thirst of..."

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"...and slake the thirst of much of what We created of livestock and human beings."

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And Allah is the One who sent the fertilizing winds as a herald of life—

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that is, bringing life and the rain that He sends down upon His servants.

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"And We sent down from the clouds pure water,

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that We may give life thereby to a drought-stricken land,

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and slake the thirst of much of what We created of livestock animals and human beings."

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“And verily We have repeated it among them that they may remember, but most of mankind begrudge aught save ingratitude.” (25:50)

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And We have distributed this water which We sent down from the sky among them,

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so that they might remember My favors upon them and give thanks for My beneficence to them,

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yet most people refused to do anything except display ingratitude for My favors upon them.

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“If We willed, We could raise up a warner in every village.” (25:51)

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“So obey not the disbelievers, but strive against them herewith with a great endeavour.” (25:52)

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And had We willed, O Muhammad, We could have sent a warner into every town and city,

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to warn them of Our punishment for their disbelief in Us,

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which would have lightened many of the heavy burdens We charged you with,

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and relieved you of a immense task.

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However, We loaded you with the weight of warning all towns,

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so that through your steadfast patience—if you remain patient—you may merit the honor Allah has prepared for you in His presence.

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So do not obey the disbelievers in what they invite you to, such as worshipping their idols,

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but strive against them with this Qur'an in a mighty striving,

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until they yield in submission to what it contains and submit to acting upon it.