Summary of Sunni concepts
The rule of necessities permits prohibitions
Scientists derived this rule from the words of God Almighty
He only forbade you dead animals, blood, pork, and what was dedicated to other than God
But whoever is compelled, without desiring or transgressing, commits no sin
God is Forgiving and Merciful
They said that every forbidden thing that a person is forced to do, the Most Gracious has permitted it for him
Necessity is what a person fears when it occurs, causing damage to himself or parts of himself
Or his mind, his money, or the loss of his honor or permission
Restrictions of necessity that permit what is prohibited
The necessity that permits the prohibited has controls and restrictions
It is that the necessity exists and occurs and is not expected or expected
There is no other permissible or reprehensible means to ward off necessity other than committing the forbidden
To limit the prohibited act to the minimum required to avoid necessity
Because God Almighty says, “He does not transgress or return.”
For example, in eating forbidden food, it does not exceed what will satisfy one’s thirst and support one’s desires
The prohibited thing should not cause harm to others
For example, it is not permissible to comply with coercion to kill others
Because preserving the lives of both those who are forced to kill and those who are ordered to kill are two necessities of the same degree
Organized for the purpose of self-preservation
The soul of the one being forced is not more deserving of the soul of the one commanded to kill him in order to preserve it
Necessity must be a refuge
For example, a person is forced to eat a prohibited item by threatening, for example, that he will be killed or tortured if he does not eat it
Even if he found it permissible
Shouldn't the person be forced to do so if he is a symbol of knowledge and advocacy in what leads people astray in their religion?
All these restrictions must be fulfilled in every necessary necessity
Until you make the forbidden permissible
If some restrictions were fulfilled but not others, it would not be necessary
Reducing embarrassment in religion
It is not valid to infer the words of God Almighty
And strive hard for God as He deserves
He chose you and did not impose any difficulty on you in religion
To drop any legal obligation on the matter
Claiming that it would cause him embarrassment
Rather, the verse indicates that there is no harm in all the duties of Sharia law
And He has not placed upon you any difficulty in religion
It also indicates this
In the beginning, she mentioned the command to wage jihad for the sake of God, as jihad is due
Which indicates that there is no embarrassment in carrying out this assignment
And other debt costs
Rather, the assignment is dropped, changed, or postponed
If the embarrassment is an urgent matter
Outside of the original assignment itself
The patient postpones obligatory fasting
Because of the embarrassment and hardship he finds in fasting
Due to his urgent illness
Such as shortening prayer due to travel and the hardship it entails
Reducing embarrassment in purity
It is also a raised embarrassment
The embarrassment of praying without ablution
The belief that purity is not possible when water is lost
Or not being able to use it
This is by legislating purity through tayammum
God Almighty said after legislating tayammum
Instead of water in case it is lost
Or not being able to use it
God does not want to place any difficulty on you
But He wants to purify you
And may He complete His blessings upon you, so that you may be grateful
The costs are within one's power and ability
And so is the saying of God Almighty
God does not burden a soul beyond its capacity
It does not mean dropping the assignment
To pray that one cannot
Rather, it means that a person is entrusted with what he can do
And all costs are within the soul's power and ability
God's commands and prohibitions are included in ease and ease
The commands and prohibitions of God Almighty
And the rulings and benefits that result from it
It is the eye of ease and relief for people in this world and the hereafter
As for the hardship that happens to the soul because of the assignment
It is an unbearable hardship
It must be made to attain the bliss of the afterlife
Bliss is not attained by bliss
He who seeks comfort misses comfort
Al-Mutanabbi said
If the souls are old
Tired of wanting objects
God Almighty said after legislating fasting and detailing its provisions
God wants ease for you and does not want hardship for you
Every command from God Almighty is for us
It is easy and there is nothing wrong with it
There is no ease, relief, or relief of hardship greater than something that leads to Paradise and is saved from Hell
Whether it is prohibited, obligatory, or permissible
Licensing and facilitation controls
To make things easier, facilitate, and remove embarrassment when something necessitates this occurs, there are controls and restrictions
She first
Verify that the excuse for taking the license exists with certainty, not suspicion
Secondly
Proof of taking the license
And not violating the legal texts in the matter
Third
Limit it to the point of need or necessity
Fourth
The license is issued by someone who knows the provisions and reality
Until an understanding of the issue is achieved and its meaning is realized in reality
The general calamity
The general affliction is in relation to the assignment
It is a comprehensive incident
So that the taxpayers are forced to dispense with it
Or guard against it
Except with excessive hardship that requires facilitation and mitigation
The taxpayers need to know its ruling
Among its examples
Firstly
Tolerance towards pussy lips due to the difficulty of avoiding them
Because it is one of those who came around us and the rafts
Secondly
Cleansing the dirt from the impurities stuck to the soles of the soles and shoes
Controls for implementing the rule of general calamity
Firstly
Verify that it occurred in the incident responsible for it
If there is an exception to its generality
You are permitted to work with it
It is necessary to go to the exceptions
If there are two paths before a person, one must be taken
The first had clay mixed with the impurities of homes and homes
The other is safe from that
It is necessary to take the second path
If he did the first, he would not be exempted from the impurity that befell him
Because it is not difficult to guard against it
Secondly
The opinion on the issue was issued by a mujtahid who is knowledgeable of the jurisprudential rulings and the reality
To be able to achieve its goal
Third
To limit the ease that occurs and the general calamity
In the state in which it is achieved and disappears by its disappearance
The rule of blocking pretexts
Taboos in Islam
Some of them are forbidden in and of themselves
What is forbidden to others
And what is forbidden to others
It is not forbidden, not because it is in itself forbidden
But because it will lead to him falling into the forbidden in and of itself
And example
Prohibition of cursing the gods of polytheists
If it is an excuse to insult God Almighty
God Almighty said
And do not curse those whom they call upon other than God, lest an enemy curse God without knowledge
Although he cursed the gods of the polytheists
It is in itself an insult to the polytheists and an insult to their gods
It is permissible or praiseworthy in itself
Unless it leads to falling into forbidden things
He curses God Almighty
In the verse, there is a statement about what is forbidden from what is permissible
What it leads to is not permissible
If God Almighty forbids something, He forbids it and asks for it
If God Almighty forbids something
There are ways and means that lead to it
He forbids it and forbids it
In order to achieve and confirm its prohibition
If he permitted the means and pretexts that lead to it
This would be a violation of the prohibition and a temptation for souls to do so
The wisdom of God Almighty rejects that at all
Everything that neglects an obligation is forbidden
Everything that neglects an obligation and distracts from it is forbidden
Even if it was originally permissible
An example is God's prohibition of buying and selling
After the call to prayer for Friday prayers
God Almighty said
O you who have believed, when we are called to prayer on Friday
So strive to remember God and give up selling
There is no obligation to do what is desirable or permissible
What is desirable, what is permissible, and what is subject to choice
It is not right to force people to do so
If God opens a door for you that is desirable
People don't have to be like you in it
The recommended things will be rewarded for the one who does them, and the one who abandons them will not be blamed
Perhaps God has granted victory to those who abandon the desirable things you are doing
Another daddy from her
He will be more active and therefore more capable
More importantly, there is no blame on the one who commits a permissible act or abandons it
This is the meaning of calling it permissible
The same applies to what is obligatory by way of choosing between several qualities
It is not right to force people to do one thing
This is like expiation for breaking an oath
The perjurer has the choice between feeding ten poor people or clothing them
Or free a neck
If he does not find it, he can change that and fast for three days
As well as expiation for forbidden things in ihram
A person has the choice between fasting, charity, and slaughter
The license is a charity from God
It is recommended to take it without searching for its wisdom and linking it to it
God Almighty grants fitrah concessions in cases of illness and travel
The patient must make up for it when he is healthy
And the traveler when he stays
It is not the novelty of the illness or the hardship of travel that is related to the ruling
Rather, it is illness and travel in general
To want ease for people, not hardship
We do not know the entire ruling of God in His suspension of the license for the general illness and the general travel
In any case, it is correct to take things the way God intended in this religion
He is wiser than us and knows the interests behind his concessions and resolve, both near and far
No stringency is required to allow the license
If true, strictness in the rulings on transactions when people become corrupt
To be a deterrent treatment and block pretexts
The matter in devotional rituals is different
It is an account between the servant and his Lord
The interests of the people are not directly related to it
Such as the rulings on transactions in which the apparent meaning is taken into account
As for what is apparent in acts of worship, it is of no use
Unless it is based on piety of hearts
Proof of the license is required
An acceptable license is what God has permitted
It had evidence and a legal text
Not the anecdotes issued by some scholars
They deviated from their common people and their moderate approach to religion
This is what it is called
Some scholars permitted it metaphorically
What is meant is their missteps
And what they permitted was contrary to the truth
This is what scholars say
Whoever follows the mistakes and concessions of scholars becomes a heretic
Ibn Hazman mentioned the consensus
Provided that the licenses of the doctrines are followed
Without relying on legal evidence
Immorality is not permissible
Moderation in adopting and applying jurisprudential rules
Jurists have devised jurisprudential rules
From the texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah
They made them as comprehensive general references
He returns to it what he finds in people's lives
Of issues and events
In order to reach the legal ruling therein
The basis is to prove the legal rulings
It is the texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah
Rather, it made jurisprudential rules
It serves as a summary of the meanings of texts
And comprehensive general references
And on this
The reasoning is based on the jurisprudential rule on rulings
It is essentially an inference based on texts from the Qur’an and Sunnah
And mediation in looking at the jurisprudential rules
It is taken into consideration
And not to neglect it on the grounds that it is not evidence in itself
Not one of the texts of the two revelations
Do not over apply it
Until it contradicts the texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah
The basic principle is that things are permissible
This is indicated by the words of God Almighty
It is He who created for you all that is on earth
The verse was mentioned in gratitude
That God created what is on earth for our benefit
The concept of that is taken as well
That there is no harm beyond that
It is a complete blessing that it is forbidden to us
The characteristic of incapacity that permits an excuse
Whoever is unable to do what he is commanded to do, such as an obligation or the like
He waived this duty
As indicated by the evidence
God Almighty said about jihad
There is no blame on the blind and there is no blame on the lame
There is no harm to the patient
God Almighty said in general commands
Fear God as much as you can
The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said
If I command you to do something, do as much of it as you can
But a person is not excused unless
He did his best to do what he was told
He was unable to do so and was unable to do so
As is understood from the words of God Almighty
For those who are unable to migrate from the lands of polytheism
Except the weak men, women and children
They are unable to devise, nor are they guided to a way
Inability to complete the command
The obligation to do what is possible is not waived
Whoever has his palm cut off
Washing the palm during ablution is waived
But he still had to wash the rest of his hand
Until the end of the attachment
Scientists have derived this rule
From the words of God Almighty
Fear God as much as you can
This is the reason for fearing God as much as possible
This is also indicated by his saying, may God bless him and grant him peace
If I command you to do something, do as much of it as you can
Narrated by Al-Bukhari