WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.299 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:03.299 --> 00:00:08.199 The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari. 00:00:08.199 --> 00:00:12.820 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.820 --> 00:00:16.500 Surah an-Nisa'. 00:00:16.500 --> 00:00:22.600 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:22.600 --> 00:00:27.600 "And [also prohibited are] all married women..." 00:00:27.600 --> 00:00:31.100 "...except those whom your right hands possess..." 00:00:31.100 --> 00:00:34.100 "...[This is] the decree of Allah upon you..." 00:00:34.399 --> 00:00:40.100 “And all married women (are forbidden unto you) save those (captives) whom your right hands possess. It is a decree of Allah for you. Lawful unto you are all beyond those mentioned, so that ye seek them with your wealth in honest wedlock, not debauchery. And those of whom ye seek content (by marrying them), give unto them their portions as a duty. And there is no sin for you in what ye do by mutual agreement after the duty (hath been done). Lo! Allah is ever Knower, Wise.” (4:24) 00:00:40.100 --> 00:00:48.100 "...that you seek [them] with your wealth..." 00:00:48.100 --> 00:00:52.100 "...desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse..." 00:00:52.100 --> 00:00:56.600 “And all married women (are forbidden unto you) save those (captives) whom your right hands possess. It is a decree of Allah for you. Lawful unto you are all beyond those mentioned, so that ye seek them with your wealth in honest wedlock, not debauchery. And those of whom ye seek content (by marrying them), give unto them their portions as a duty. And there is no sin for you in what ye do by mutual agreement after the duty (hath been done). Lo! Allah is ever Knower, Wise.” (4:24) 00:00:56.600 --> 00:01:02.100 "...so give them their due compensation as an obligation..." 00:01:02.100 --> 00:01:07.599 “And all married women (are forbidden unto you) save those (captives) whom your right hands possess. It is a decree of Allah for you. Lawful unto you are all beyond those mentioned, so that ye seek them with your wealth in honest wedlock, not debauchery. And those of whom ye seek content (by marrying them), give unto them their portions as a duty. And there is no sin for you in what ye do by mutual agreement after the duty (hath been done). Lo! Allah is ever Knower, Wise.” (4:24) 00:01:07.599 --> 00:01:10.599 "...after [what has been agreed upon as] the obligation..." 00:01:10.599 --> 00:01:16.519 "...Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise." 00:01:16.519 --> 00:01:19.019 Unlawful for you are married women who have husbands, 00:01:19.019 --> 00:01:22.019 except those whom your right hands possess as bondwomen. 00:01:22.019 --> 00:01:27.519 Allah has prescribed upon you the prohibition of what He forbade and the lawfulness of what He made lawful, as an absolute decree. 00:01:27.519 --> 00:01:30.019 And He has made lawful for you what is beyond that, 00:01:30.019 --> 00:01:33.019 that you seek and pursue them with your wealth, 00:01:33.019 --> 00:01:36.519 either through purchase or through marriage with a dowry, 00:01:36.519 --> 00:01:39.019 maintaining chastity and not committing adultery or fornication. 00:01:39.019 --> 00:01:42.519 So whatever women among them you marry and have conjugal relations with, 00:01:42.519 --> 00:01:46.519 give them their bridal gifts as a specified, obligatory duty. 00:01:46.519 --> 00:01:52.519 And there is no blame upon you, O people, concerning whatever terms you mutually agree upon, both you and your wives, 00:01:52.519 --> 00:01:56.019 after having given them their due dowries for marriage, 00:01:56.019 --> 00:01:59.019 whether by the woman remitting part of what was owed to her by you, 00:01:59.019 --> 00:02:02.019 or granting a full release, or deferring and reducing it. 00:02:02.019 --> 00:02:07.079 Indeed, Allah has ever been All-Knowing of what is beneficial for you, O people, 00:02:07.079 --> 00:02:11.080 Wise in all the measures and ordainments He decrees for you and for them. 00:02:11.080 --> 00:02:15.270 “And whoso is not able to afford to marry free, believing women, let them marry from the believing maids whom your right hands possess. Allah knoweth best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed) one from another; so wed them by permission of their folk, and give unto them their portions in kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose conduct. And if when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that case). This is for him among you who feareth to commit sin. But to have patience would be better for you. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:25) 00:02:15.270 --> 00:02:20.270 “And whoso is not able to afford to marry free, believing women, let them marry from the believing maids whom your right hands possess. Allah knoweth best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed) one from another; so wed them by permission of their folk, and give unto them their portions in kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose conduct. And if when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that case). This is for him among you who feareth to commit sin. But to have patience would be better for you. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:25) 00:02:20.270 --> 00:02:26.270 "...then [marry] from those whom your right hands possess..." 00:02:26.270 --> 00:02:31.270 "...of your believing young maidens..." 00:02:31.270 --> 00:02:35.270 "...And Allah is best aware of your faith..." 00:02:35.270 --> 00:02:39.270 "...You are of one another..." 00:02:39.270 --> 00:02:44.270 "...So marry them with the permission of their people..." 00:02:44.270 --> 00:02:51.270 "...and give them their due compensation..." 00:02:51.270 --> 00:02:55.270 "...according to what is fair, being chaste..." 00:02:55.270 --> 00:03:00.270 "...chaste, not committing unlawful intercourse..." 00:03:00.270 --> 00:03:05.270 "...nor taking secret lovers..." 00:03:05.270 --> 00:03:10.270 “And whoso is not able to afford to marry free, believing women, let them marry from the believing maids whom your right hands possess. Allah knoweth best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed) one from another; so wed them by permission of their folk, and give unto them their portions in kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose conduct. And if when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that case). This is for him among you who feareth to commit sin. But to have patience would be better for you. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:25) 00:03:10.270 --> 00:03:17.270 “And whoso is not able to afford to marry free, believing women, let them marry from the believing maids whom your right hands possess. Allah knoweth best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed) one from another; so wed them by permission of their folk, and give unto them their portions in kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose conduct. And if when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that case). This is for him among you who feareth to commit sin. But to have patience would be better for you. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:25) 00:03:17.270 --> 00:03:20.270 "...of punishment..." 00:03:20.270 --> 00:03:24.270 “And whoso is not able to afford to marry free, believing women, let them marry from the believing maids whom your right hands possess. Allah knoweth best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed) one from another; so wed them by permission of their folk, and give unto them their portions in kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose conduct. And if when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that case). This is for him among you who feareth to commit sin. But to have patience would be better for you. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:25) 00:03:24.270 --> 00:03:28.270 “And whoso is not able to afford to marry free, believing women, let them marry from the believing maids whom your right hands possess. Allah knoweth best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed) one from another; so wed them by permission of their folk, and give unto them their portions in kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose conduct. And if when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that case). This is for him among you who feareth to commit sin. But to have patience would be better for you. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:25) 00:03:28.270 --> 00:03:32.270 "...And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." 00:03:32.270 --> 00:03:37.069 And whoever among you, O people, does not possess the financial means 00:03:37.069 --> 00:03:40.069 to marry free women, 00:03:40.069 --> 00:03:42.069 those who have affirmed the Oneness of Allah 00:03:42.069 --> 00:03:47.069 and believed in the truth brought by the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:03:47.069 --> 00:03:51.069 then let him marry from among your believing bondwomen whom your right hands possess. 00:03:51.069 --> 00:03:54.069 And Allah is best aware of the true faith of whoever has believed among you. 00:03:54.069 --> 00:03:57.069 So let one of you marry from the other, 00:03:57.069 --> 00:04:00.069 and let this man marry the bondwoman of that man, 00:04:00.069 --> 00:04:03.069 so marry them with the permission of their masters, 00:04:03.069 --> 00:04:07.069 and give them their dowries according to what you mutually agree upon, 00:04:07.069 --> 00:04:09.069 they being chaste women, not adulteresses, 00:04:09.069 --> 00:04:13.069 nor taking secret paramours for illicit relations. 00:04:13.069 --> 00:04:16.069 Then once they accept Islam or enter into marriage, 00:04:16.069 --> 00:04:19.069 if your bondwomen commit illegal sexual intercourse after being fortified by marriage, 00:04:19.069 --> 00:04:23.069 they are liable to half the prescribed legal penalty of free unmarried women, 00:04:23.069 --> 00:04:26.069 when they commit fornication before marriage, 00:04:26.069 --> 00:04:30.069 which is fifty lashes and banishment for six months. 00:04:30.069 --> 00:04:33.069 This concession that I have permitted for you, O people, 00:04:33.069 --> 00:04:38.069 is for whoever among you fears harm to his religion and body by falling into sin. 00:04:38.069 --> 00:04:43.069 But that you exercise patience, O people, and refrain from marrying bondwomen is better for you. 00:04:43.069 --> 00:04:47.069 And Allah is Forgiving toward you regarding the marriage to bondwomen that He has made lawful for you, 00:04:47.069 --> 00:04:50.069 and for whatever you committed in the past concerning that, 00:04:50.069 --> 00:04:56.069 Merciful to you in that He permitted you to marry them in times of financial hardship. 00:05:10.360 --> 00:05:14.579 Allah intends to make clear to you His lawful and His unlawful matters, 00:05:14.579 --> 00:05:18.579 and to direct you toward the righteous ways of those who came before you among the people of faith, 00:05:18.579 --> 00:05:22.620 and Allah intends to bring you back to His obedience, 00:05:22.620 --> 00:05:26.620 so that He may overlook what is past through your repentance. 00:05:26.620 --> 00:05:31.620 And Allah is All-Knowing of what benefits His servants in their spiritual and worldly affairs, 00:05:31.620 --> 00:05:34.620 Wise in His divine governance over them. 00:05:34.620 --> 00:05:40.000 “And Allah would turn to you in mercy; but those who follow vain desires would have you go tremendously astray.” (4:27) 00:05:40.000 --> 00:05:46.000 “And Allah would turn to you in mercy; but those who follow vain desires would have you go tremendously astray.” (4:27) 00:05:46.000 --> 00:05:51.000 And Allah wishes to turn to you with His obedience and guide you to repent unto Him, 00:05:51.000 --> 00:05:56.699 while those who follow their own base desires among the people of falsehood wish 00:05:56.699 --> 00:06:01.699 that you would deviate from the command of Allah into grave injustice and far transgression. 00:06:01.699 --> 00:06:07.699 And Allah wishes to lighten your burdens, 00:06:07.699 --> 00:06:12.959 while those who follow their lusts wish that you would deviate. 00:06:12.959 --> 00:06:18.120 And Allah wishes to lighten your burdens, 00:06:18.120 --> 00:06:23.569 "and mankind was created weak." 00:06:23.569 --> 00:06:30.569 Allah wishes to facilitate ease for you by permitting you to marry believing bondwomen, 00:06:30.569 --> 00:06:33.569 whenever you do not possess the financial means to marry a free woman; 00:06:33.569 --> 00:06:38.569 and because you were created weak, incapable of abstaining from intercourse with women, 00:06:38.569 --> 00:06:40.730 He granted you permission. 00:06:40.730 --> 00:06:54.730 “O ye who believe! Squander not your wealth among yourselves in vanity, except it be a trade by mutual consent, and kill not one another. Lo! Allah is ever Merciful unto you.” (4:29) 00:06:54.730 --> 00:07:02.790 "...except it be a trade amongst you, by mutual consent..." 00:07:02.790 --> 00:07:06.790 "...And do not kill yourselves..." 00:07:06.790 --> 00:07:12.180 “O ye who believe! Squander not your wealth among yourselves in vanity, except it be a trade by mutual consent, and kill not one another. Lo! Allah is ever Merciful unto you.” (4:29) 00:07:12.180 --> 00:07:15.180 O you who have believed in Allah and His Messenger, 00:07:15.180 --> 00:07:20.180 do not consume one another's wealth unlawfully through usury, gambling, 00:07:20.180 --> 00:07:24.180 and other such transactions that Allah has forbidden you, 00:07:24.180 --> 00:07:30.180 except when the property you consume is acquired through trade by mutual consent between both transaction parties among you. 00:07:30.180 --> 00:07:35.180 And do not kill one another, seeing that you are all adherents of one single faith. 00:07:35.180 --> 00:07:38.180 Indeed, Allah has ever been Merciful to His creation. 00:07:38.180 --> 00:07:44.180 And it is of His mercy toward you that He restrained you, O believers, from killing one another, 00:07:44.180 --> 00:07:48.180 and forbade consuming each other's wealth unlawfully. 00:07:48.180 --> 00:07:57.240 “Whoso doeth that through aggression and injustice, we shall cast him into Fire, and that is ever easy for Allah.” (4:30) 00:07:57.240 --> 00:08:02.240 "And that, for Allah, has always been easy." 00:08:02.240 --> 00:08:05.750 And whoever commits what Allah has forbidden him, 00:08:05.750 --> 00:08:10.750 transgressing beyond what Allah made permissible for him into what He prohibited, 00:08:10.750 --> 00:08:14.750 and doing so without the authorization of Allah, 00:08:14.750 --> 00:08:18.750 We will cast him into a Fire to burn therein and be consumed by it. 00:08:18.750 --> 00:08:24.750 And casting the one who does that into the Fire has always been effortless and easy for Allah. 00:08:24.750 --> 00:08:43.820 “If ye avoid the great (things) which ye are forbidden, We will remit from you your evil deeds and make you enter at a noble gate.” (4:31) 00:08:43.820 --> 00:08:52.259 If you avoid the major sins that you are forbidden from, We will expiate your minor sins for you, O believers, 00:08:52.259 --> 00:08:59.259 and admit you to a good, noble, and dignified entrance, freed from all afflictions and blemishes. 00:08:59.259 --> 00:09:07.259 And the weightiest of what has been said regarding major sins are: associating partners with Allah, mistreatment of parents, unlawful murder, and giving false testimony, 00:09:07.259 --> 00:09:13.259 slandering chaste women, swearing a deliberately false oath, practicing sorcery, fleeing from the battlefield, 00:09:13.259 --> 00:09:16.710 and committing adultery with a neighbor's wife. 00:09:16.710 --> 00:09:23.710 “And covet not the thing in which Allah hath made some of you excel others. Unto men a fortune from that which they have earned, and unto women a fortune from that which they have earned. (Envy not one another) but ask Allah of His bounty. Lo! Allah is ever Knower of all things.” (4:32) 00:09:23.710 --> 00:09:30.059 "For men is a share of what they have earned..." 00:09:30.059 --> 00:09:38.159 "...and for women is a share of what they have earned..." 00:09:38.159 --> 00:09:48.669 “And covet not the thing in which Allah hath made some of you excel others. Unto men a fortune from that which they have earned, and unto women a fortune from that which they have earned. (Envy not one another) but ask Allah of His bounty. Lo! Allah is ever Knower of all things.” (4:32) 00:09:48.669 --> 00:09:52.669 “And covet not the thing in which Allah hath made some of you excel others. Unto men a fortune from that which they have earned, and unto women a fortune from that which they have earned. (Envy not one another) but ask Allah of His bounty. Lo! Allah is ever Knower of all things.” (4:32) 00:09:52.669 --> 00:09:56.669 For men is an appointed share of Allah's reward and punishment, 00:09:56.669 --> 00:10:00.669 according to what they have earned and performed of good or evil, 00:10:00.669 --> 00:10:05.669 and for women is an appointed share of what they have earned of that, just as it is for men. 00:10:05.669 --> 00:10:10.669 Indeed, Allah is ever All-Knowing of what is best for His servants regarding what He has apportioned to them of good, 00:10:10.669 --> 00:10:14.669 raising some of them above others in religious status and worldly affairs, 00:10:14.669 --> 00:10:19.669 and in all other aspects of His divine decrees and legal rulings among them. 00:10:19.669 --> 00:10:24.669 He says: As He is All-Knowing, do not covet other than what He has decreed for you, 00:10:24.669 --> 00:10:28.669 but rather hold fast to His obedience, submit to His command, 00:10:28.669 --> 00:10:32.669 be content with His decree, and ask Him of His boundless bounty. 00:10:32.669 --> 00:10:42.059 “And unto each We have appointed heirs of that which parents and near kindred leave; and as for those with whom your right hands have made a covenant, give them their due. Lo! Allah is ever Witness over all things.” (4:33) 00:10:42.059 --> 00:10:48.059 "And to those with whom your right hands have made a pledge, give them their share..." 00:10:48.059 --> 00:10:56.059 "...Indeed, Allah is ever, over all things, a Witness." 00:10:56.059 --> 00:11:01.470 And for each of you, O people, We have appointed heirs and kin 00:11:01.470 --> 00:11:05.470 to inherit from what parents and close relatives leave behind of inheritance; 00:11:05.470 --> 00:11:10.470 and to those with whom your right hands have established an alliance and pact, 00:11:10.470 --> 00:11:14.470 give them their rightful share of support, assistance, and counsel. 00:11:14.470 --> 00:11:18.470 For indeed, Allah is fully a Witness over all that you do regarding that, 00:11:18.470 --> 00:11:21.470 and over all other deeds of yours, 00:11:21.470 --> 00:11:25.470 so that He may recompense all of you with full justice for all of it. 00:11:25.470 --> 00:11:38.600 “Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded. As for those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High, Exalted, Great.” (4:34) 00:11:38.600 --> 00:11:42.600 “Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded. As for those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High, Exalted, Great.” (4:34) 00:11:42.600 --> 00:11:50.600 "So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allah would have them guard..." 00:11:50.600 --> 00:11:58.600 "...But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance and rebellion, advise them..." 00:11:58.600 --> 00:12:05.600 "...and forsake them in bed, and discipline them..." 00:12:05.600 --> 00:12:11.600 "...but if they obey you, seek no means against them..." 00:12:11.600 --> 00:12:17.600 “Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded. As for those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High, Exalted, Great.” (4:34) 00:12:18.950 --> 00:12:22.950 Men are the caretakers and maintainers of their wives, having charge over their guidance and discipline, 00:12:22.950 --> 00:12:26.950 because of the virtue and preference Allah has bestowed upon men over their wives, 00:12:26.950 --> 00:12:29.950 and because of the dowries they have provided for them, 00:12:29.950 --> 00:12:33.049 and the financial maintenance they expend upon them. 00:12:33.049 --> 00:12:38.049 So women who are upright in their religion are devoutly obedient to Allah and to their husbands, 00:12:38.049 --> 00:12:42.049 guarding their chastity and marital trusts during their husbands' absence, 00:12:42.049 --> 00:12:45.049 fulfilling the obligation binding upon them of Allah's right, 00:12:45.049 --> 00:12:47.049 through the protection and guidance Allah has granted them. 00:12:47.049 --> 00:12:50.139 Therefore, treat them kindly and deal equitably with them. 00:12:50.139 --> 00:12:54.139 And those wives whose haughtiness over their husbands you fear, 00:12:54.139 --> 00:12:59.139 and who turn away from their marital beds out of spite and disdain for them, 00:12:59.139 --> 00:13:03.139 remind them of Allah and warn them of His severe punishment. 00:13:03.139 --> 00:13:07.139 If they heed the admonition, you have no rightful course of action against them. 00:13:07.139 --> 00:13:15.139 But if they refuse, confine them strictly within their homes and the quarters wherein they sleep, 00:13:15.139 --> 00:13:18.139 and discipline them so that they return to Allah's obedience. 00:13:18.139 --> 00:13:21.139 Then if your wives obey you, O people, 00:13:21.139 --> 00:13:24.139 do not seek any pretext to harm them, 00:13:24.139 --> 00:13:30.139 nor pursue any means to usurp what is unlawful for you of their bodies or their wealth. 00:13:30.139 --> 00:13:34.139 Indeed, Allah is Exalted above all things, 00:13:34.139 --> 00:13:37.139 and Greater than you and than everything else. 00:13:37.139 --> 00:13:40.139 "And if you fear dissension between the two..." 00:13:40.139 --> 00:13:44.139 "...send an arbitrator from his family..." 00:13:44.139 --> 00:13:48.139 "...and an arbitrator from her family..." 00:13:48.139 --> 00:13:55.139 "...If they both desire reconciliation, Allah will cause it between them..." 00:13:55.139 --> 00:14:02.230 “And if ye fear a breach between them twain (the man and wife), appoint an arbiter from his folk and an arbiter from her folk. If they desire amendment Allah will make them of one mind. Lo! Allah is ever Knower, Aware.” (4:35) 00:14:02.230 --> 00:14:07.230 And if you know, O people, of persistent hostility and discord between the spouses: 00:14:07.230 --> 00:14:09.230 as for the woman's part, 00:14:09.230 --> 00:14:14.230 it is rebellion and neglecting to fulfill the duty Allah has placed upon her toward her husband; 00:14:14.230 --> 00:14:16.230 and as for the husband's part, 00:14:16.230 --> 00:14:21.230 it is failing to retain her honorably or release her with kindness. 00:14:21.230 --> 00:14:25.230 So appoint an arbitrator from his family and an arbitrator from her family. 00:14:25.230 --> 00:14:29.230 If the two arbitrators sincerely intend reconciliation between the husband and wife, 00:14:29.230 --> 00:14:32.230 Allah will grant success to the two arbitrators, 00:14:32.230 --> 00:14:35.230 so that they agree upon reconciling the pair. 00:14:35.230 --> 00:14:41.230 Indeed, Allah has ever been All-Knowing of what the two arbitrators intend of reconciliation or otherwise between the spouses, 00:14:41.230 --> 00:14:46.230 fully Acquainted with that and with all other affairs of theirs and of others, 00:14:46.230 --> 00:14:50.230 so that He may reward each of them with their full recompense. 00:14:50.230 --> 00:14:56.860 The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.