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*Riyad al-Salihin* (The Meadows of the Righteous)

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From the Words of the Master of the Messengers,

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Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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Chapter: Fear (of Allah).

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Allah the Exalted said:

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"And fear Me alone."

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And the Exalted said:

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“Lo! the punishment of thy Lord is stern.” (85:12)

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And the Exalted said:

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“Even thus is the grasp of thy Lord when He graspeth the townships while they are doing wrong. Lo! His grasp is painful, very strong.” (11:102)

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“Even thus is the grasp of thy Lord when He graspeth the townships while they are doing wrong. Lo! His grasp is painful, very strong.” (11:102)

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“Lo! herein verily there is a portent for those who fear the doom of the Hereafter. That is a day unto which mankind will be gathered, and that is a day that will be witnessed.” (11:103)

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“Lo! herein verily there is a portent for those who fear the doom of the Hereafter. That is a day unto which mankind will be gathered, and that is a day that will be witnessed.” (11:103)

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“And We defer it only to a term already reckoned.” (11:104)

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"The Day it comes, no soul shall speak except by His permission;"

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"and among them will be the wretched and the prosperous."

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“As for those who will be wretched (on that day) they will be in the Fire; sighing and wailing will be their portion therein,” (11:106)

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And the Exalted said:

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"And Allah warns you of Himself."

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And the Exalted said:

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“On the day when a man fleeth from his brother” (80:34)

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"And his mother and his father,"

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"and his wife and his children."

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“Every man that day will have concern enough to make him heedless (of others).” (80:37)

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And the Exalted said:

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"O mankind, fear your Lord;"

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“O mankind! Fear your Lord. Lo! the earthquake of the Hour (of Doom) is a tremendous thing.” (22:1)

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“On the day when ye behold it, every nursing mother will forget her nursling and every pregnant one will be delivered of her burden, and thou (Muhammad) wilt see mankind as drunken, yet they will not be drunken, but the Doom of Allah will be strong (upon them).” (22:2)

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“On the day when ye behold it, every nursing mother will forget her nursling and every pregnant one will be delivered of her burden, and thou (Muhammad) wilt see mankind as drunken, yet they will not be drunken, but the Doom of Allah will be strong (upon them).” (22:2)

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"and you will see the people looking drunk, while they are not drunk."

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“On the day when ye behold it, every nursing mother will forget her nursling and every pregnant one will be delivered of her burden, and thou (Muhammad) wilt see mankind as drunken, yet they will not be drunken, but the Doom of Allah will be strong (upon them).” (22:2)

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And the Exalted said:

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“But for him who feareth the standing before his Lord there are two gardens.” (55:46)

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the verses.

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And the Exalted said:

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"And they will approach one another inquiring,"

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"saying, 'Indeed, we were previously among our families fearful [of Allah's displeasure],'"

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"'so Allah conferred favor upon us and protected us from the punishment of the Scorching Wind.'"

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"'Indeed, we used to supplicate Him before.'"

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“Lo! we used to pray unto Him of old. Lo! He is the Benign, the Merciful.” (52:28)

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The Quranic verses in this chapter are very numerous and well known,

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and the purpose was to point to some of them, which has been accomplished.

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As for the hadiths, they are also very numerous;

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we shall mention a portion of them, and with Allah lies success.

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On the authority of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) narrated to us,

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and he is the truthful and trusted:

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"The creation of each one of you is gathered in his mother's womb for forty days as a drop (*nutfah*);"

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"then he becomes a clinging clot (*'alaqah*) for a similar period;"

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"then he becomes a lump of flesh (*mudghah*) for a similar period;"

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"then the angel is sent,"

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"who breathes the soul into him,"

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"and is commanded with four decrees:"

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"to record his provision, his lifespan, his deeds,"

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"and whether he will be wretched or blessed."

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"By the One besides Whom there is no other deity,"

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"one of you may perform the deeds of the people of Paradise"

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"until there is nothing between him and it except a cubit's length,"

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"whereupon the decree overtakes him,"

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"and he performs the deeds of the people of Hellfire and enters it."

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"And one of you may perform the deeds of the people of Hellfire"

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"until there is nothing between him and it except a cubit's length,"

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"whereupon the decree overtakes him,"

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"and he performs the deeds of the people of Paradise and enters it."

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Agreed upon.

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"Is gathered" (*yujma'u*): meaning it is decreed and remains settled.

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"His creation" (*khalquhu*): meaning the physical substance of his creation or that from which he is formed.

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"His mother's womb" (*batni ummihi*): meaning the uterus.

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"A drop" (*nutfah*): it is the semen from which the human being is formed.

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It is called *nutfah* because it derives from fluid that trickles (*yantif*), meaning it flows.

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"Becomes" (*yakunu*): meaning it turns into.

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"A clinging clot" (*'alaqah*): meaning coagulated blood;

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it is called so because it clings to the womb at that stage.

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"A lump of flesh" (*mudghah*): meaning a piece of flesh roughly the size of a single morsel to be chewed.

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"His provision" (*rizqihi*): meaning whatever he benefits from throughout his life.

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"His lifespan" (*ajalihi*): meaning the duration of his earthly life.

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"His deeds" (*'amalihi*): meaning whatever actions he produces, whether righteous or otherwise.

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"Wretched or blessed" (*shaqiyyun aw sa'id*):

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meaning whether he will be among the people of salvation and felicity, or among the people of misery and damnation.

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"The decree" (*al-kitab*): meaning what was foreordained for him based on Allah's prior knowledge of his ultimate state.

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Among the lessons derived from the hadith:

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The obligation of believing in divine decree and predestination (*qada' wa qadar*), both the good and the bad of it.

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Encouragement to hasten toward righteous deeds,

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and to persevere and be steadfast in performing them.

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That ultimate outcomes depend entirely upon the final deeds (at the end of life).

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Thus, no person should be deluded by any good deeds they have previously performed,

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nor should they rely complacently upon them and neglect further striving.

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For the divine decrees are overpowering,

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and a secure end is hidden from view.

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Whoever performs a righteous deed must diligently safeguard its purity so as not to nullify it.

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Seeking assistance from Allah the Exalted,

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asking Him for a good end,

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fearing an evil end,

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and seeking refuge in Allah from it.

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The permissibility of swearing an oath to confirm truthful information,

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in order to emphasize it firmly in the mind of the listener.

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That is why the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

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"By the One in Whose hand is my soul."

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It draws attention to the absolute reality of resurrection and divine recompense:

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for whoever was able to create man from a base fluid

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is fully capable of restoring the soul to him after he turns to dust.

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It contains an urge toward contentment and a stern deterrence against greed;

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because one's provision has already been preordained,

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so exhausting oneself excessively in pursuit of it will not increase it.

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Earning a livelihood was ordained merely

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because it is among the secondary causes required by divine wisdom in this worldly life.

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A reminder of the absolute perfection of Allah's knowledge, Glorified is He,

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and that He knows all particulars just as He knows all universals.

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On the authority of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

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"Hellfire will be brought on that Day with seventy thousand reins,"

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"and with each rein there will be seventy thousand angels dragging it."

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Narrated by Muslim.

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"On that Day" (*yawma'idhin*): meaning the Day when mankind will stand for the Reckoning.

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"Rein" (*al-zimam*): meaning that which is attached to a camel's nose-ring to which the leading rope is fastened.

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Among the lessons derived from the hadith:

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The immense size and terrifying magnitude of Hellfire's creation,

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and that it is prepared specifically for the disbelievers, the polytheists, and the hypocrites.

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It provides details regarding the immense creation of Hellfire,

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and that it has reins by which it is pulled,

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and designated angels assigned to lead it.

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A clarification of the staggering number of angels dragging Hellfire.

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Allah's instilling of fear in His servants so that they may revere Him and worship Him alone.

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On the authority of al-Nu'man ibn Bashir (may Allah be pleased with both of them), who said:

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I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say:

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"Indeed, the person who will suffer the lightest punishment among the people of Hellfire on the Day of Resurrection"

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"is a man beneath the arches of whose feet two glowing embers will be placed,"

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"from which his brain will boil."

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"He will not think that anyone is suffering a more severe punishment than himself,"

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"yet he is indeed receiving the lightest punishment among them."

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Agreed upon.

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"Arches of the feet" (*akhmas*): meaning the concave part of the sole that does not touch the ground,

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not making direct contact with it.

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"Boil" (*yaghli*): derived from boiling,

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which is the vigorous bubbling and turmoil of water and the like when set over fire,

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due to the extreme intensity of its heat.

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"He will not think" (*ma yara*): meaning he firmly believes.

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Among the lessons derived from the hadith:

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A warning against falling into acts of disobedience,

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so that one does not become one of the denizens of Hellfire.

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The punishment of Hellfire exists in descending levels and varying degrees (*darakat*).

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The sheer severity of Allah's punishment for the disbelievers.

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The person will think he is being punished the most severely of all people,

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due to the staggering agony he is experiencing,

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while in reality he is the lightest punished of all the denizens of Hellfire.

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An exposition of the diverse varieties of torment on the Day of Resurrection,

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among which are fiery embers placed beneath the arches of the feet.

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Whoever dies in disbelief will not benefit from any of his deeds;

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for this hadith was revealed regarding Abu Talib,

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the uncle of the Prophet (peace be upon him),

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who used to nurture, support, and protect him,

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but died adhering to the religion of his forefathers and ancestors.

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This was explicitly recorded in Sahih Muslim

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from the hadith of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with both of them),

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who said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

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"The person with the lightest punishment among the people of Hellfire"

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"is Abu Talib,"

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"and he will be wearing two sandals of fire from which his brain will boil."

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On the authority of Samurah ibn Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him),

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that the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

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"Among them are those whom the Fire will engulf up to their ankles;"

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"among them are those whom it will engulf up to their knees;"

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"among them are those whom it will engulf up to their waistbands;"

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"and among them are those whom it will engulf up to their collarbones."

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Narrated by Muslim.

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The waistband (*al-hujzah*): the place where the lower garment (*izar*) is tied beneath the navel.

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The collarbone (*al-tarquwah*): the bone located at the base of the throat;

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and a human being has two collarbones on either side of the throat.

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"Among them": meaning among the denizens of Hellfire.

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"His ankles": the ankle (*al-ka'b*) is the protruding bone at the joint between the lower leg and the foot.

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Among the lessons derived from the hadith:

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Instilling fear of the Fire,

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and a severe warning to whoever performs the deeds of its inhabitants.

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The variation of punishment among the denizens of Hellfire;

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they are not all on a single equal level,

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but rather according to the measure of their sins and acts of disobedience.

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On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them),

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that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said

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“The day when (all) mankind stand before the Lord of the Worlds?” (83:6)

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until one of them will be submerged in his own sweat up to the middle of his ears.

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Agreed upon.

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Sweat (*al-rashh*): meaning perspiration.

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"Mankind will stand": meaning they will emerge from their graves.

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Among the lessons derived from the hadith:

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The sheer terror of the gathering on the Day of Resurrection,

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when mankind will emerge from their graves and be assembled for the Reckoning.

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All created beings

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will be humbled in submission before Allah, the Lord of the worlds, on the Day of Resurrection.

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The omnipotence and majesty of Allah the Exalted,

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as all mankind will be gathered together before Him.

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The sweat that will overcome people

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will vary according to the nature of their deeds,

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as will be mentioned in the hadith of al-Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him).

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The deeds of servants directly determine their stations on the Day of Gathering.

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On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) delivered a sermon to us

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the like of which I had never heard before,

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and he said:

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"If you only knew what I know,"

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"you would laugh little and weep much."

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Thereupon the Companions of the Messenger of Allah covered their faces,

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weeping with a muffled sobbing sound.

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Agreed upon.

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In another narration:

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Something reached the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) regarding his Companions,

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so he delivered a sermon and said:

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"Paradise and Hellfire were displayed before me,"

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"and I have never seen the like of this day in good and evil."

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"And if you only knew what I know,"

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"you would laugh little and weep much."

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No day was ever harder on the Companions of the Messenger of Allah than that day;

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they covered their heads and wept with a muffled sobbing sound.

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Muffled sobbing (*al-khanin*): crying accompanied by a nasal whimper and sniffling through the nose.

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Sermon (*khutbah*): meaning an exhortation.

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"what I know,"

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meaning the terrors of the Hereafter,

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the bliss prepared in Paradise,

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and the painful torment prepared in the Fire.

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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The prophets know what other people do not know,

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because Allah taught them and revealed to them matters of the unseen that He concealed from the rest of mankind.

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He, the Exalted, said:

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“(He is) the Knower of the Unseen, and He revealeth unto none His secret,” (72:26)

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“Save unto every messenger whom He hath chosen, and then He maketh a guard to go before him and a guard behind him” (72:27)

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It is commendable to weep out of fear of Allah's punishment,

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and to avoid laughing excessively,

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as it indicates heedlessness and hardness of the heart.

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The deep impact of the exhortation upon the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them),

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and their intense fear of the punishment of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic,

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for they were the softest of people at heart,

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the most profound in fiqh, and the swiftest to respond.

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It is recommended to cover one's face when weeping.

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Whoever truly realizes the realities of the Hereafter

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will laugh but little

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and weep much,

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on account of the terrors and states that none knows but Allah.

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Paradise and the Fire are already created and exist right now.

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Riyad al-Salihin.