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Riyadh al-Salihin (The Meadows of the Righteous) from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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Chapter: The Etiquette of Greeting (Salam).

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From Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him:

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That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"The rider should greet the one who is walking,

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the one who is walking should greet the one who is sitting,

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and the smaller group should greet the larger group."

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Agreed upon.

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In a narration by al-Bukhari:

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"And the younger should greet the elder."

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Teaching the etiquette of offering greetings,

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and giving everyone their due right.

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If a large group passes by a small group,

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or an elder passes by a younger person,

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there is no specific text regarding this.

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However, from the induction of the hadiths,

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it appears that the one who arrives should initiate the greeting,

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whether they are younger or older,

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or a small group or a large group.

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For those walking on busy streets like the marketplace,

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the Sunnah is to spread the greeting as much as one is able,

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just as Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, used to do.

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And from Abu Umamah,

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Suddiy ibn 'Ajlan al-Bahili, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"Indeed, the closest of people to Allah

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is the one who initiates the greeting with them."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud.

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And it was narrated by al-Tirmidhi.

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From Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with him:

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It was said, "O Messenger of Allah,

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when two men meet,

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which of them should initiate the greeting?"

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He replied, "The one closest to Allah, the Exalted."

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The recommendation to spread the greeting among Muslims,

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and that this is a path to the obedience of Allah and His love,

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and drawing near to Him, Glorified and Exalted be He.

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The best of two who meet

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is the one who initiates the greeting with his brother.

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Chapter: The recommendation to repeat the greeting

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to someone one meets repeatedly in close succession,

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such as if one enters and then leaves,

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then enters again immediately,

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or if a tree or similar object comes between them.

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From Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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in the hadith of the man who prayed incorrectly:

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That he came and prayed,

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then came to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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and greeted him,

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and he returned the greeting,

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then said:

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"Go back and pray, for you have not prayed."

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So he went back and prayed,

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then came and greeted the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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until he did that three times.

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Agreed upon.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Evidence for the obligation of praying two rak'ahs

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upon entering the mosque.

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Tranquility (tuma'ninah) is a condition for the validity of prayer.

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Whoever performs the movements of the prayer

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does not necessarily mean he has truly prayed

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and earned its reward.

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For how many a person prays, yet their prayer does not rise

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above their head.

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The permissibility of repeating the greeting to those in a gathering more than once if they heard it,

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but a barrier came between them.

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And from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said:

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"If one of you meets his brother, let him greet him;

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then if a tree, a wall, or a stone comes between them,

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and he meets him again, let him greet him."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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If a person greets a Muslim,

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and then meets him again shortly after,

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it is Sunnah for him to greet him a second, third, or more times.

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This Sunnah was something the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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used to practice.

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Ibn al-Sunni recorded in 'Amal al-Yawm wa al-Laylah with a sound chain of narration,

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from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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"The Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to walk together,

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and if a tree or a hill stood between them,

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they would separate to the right and the left,

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then when they met on the other side,

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they would greet one another."

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Chapter: The recommendation to offer the greeting when entering one's home.

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Allah the Exalted says:

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“No blame is there upon the blind nor any blame upon the lame nor any blame upon the sick nor on yourselves if ye eat from your houses, or the houses of your fathers, or the houses of your mothers, or the houses of your brothers, or the houses of your sisters, or the houses of your fathers' brothers, or the houses of your fathers' sisters, or the houses of your mothers' brothers, or the houses of your mothers' sisters, or (from that) whereof ye hold the keys, or (from the house) of a friend. No sin shall it be for you whether ye eat together or apart. But when ye enter houses, salute one another with a greeting from Allah, blessed and sweet. Thus Allah maketh clear His revelations for you, that haply ye may understand.” (24:61)

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“No blame is there upon the blind nor any blame upon the lame nor any blame upon the sick nor on yourselves if ye eat from your houses, or the houses of your fathers, or the houses of your mothers, or the houses of your brothers, or the houses of your sisters, or the houses of your fathers' brothers, or the houses of your fathers' sisters, or the houses of your mothers' brothers, or the houses of your mothers' sisters, or (from that) whereof ye hold the keys, or (from the house) of a friend. No sin shall it be for you whether ye eat together or apart. But when ye enter houses, salute one another with a greeting from Allah, blessed and sweet. Thus Allah maketh clear His revelations for you, that haply ye may understand.” (24:61)

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From Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to me:

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"O my son,

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when you enter upon your family, offer the greeting;

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it will be a blessing for you and for your household."

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Narrated by al-Tirmidhi.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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An explanation of the etiquette of interacting with one's family,

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which is by greeting them and not startling them.

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The greeting contains a blessing for the one who greets and the one who is greeted.

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Chapter: Greeting children.

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From Anas, may Allah be pleased with him,

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that he passed by some children and greeted them,

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and said:

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"The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to do this."

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Agreed upon.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Showing affection to children,

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so that they do not feel alienated from adults when they meet them in the streets.

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Teaching children how to perform the greeting.

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Not being harsh with children or frightening them,

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as long as they are not committing a forbidden act.

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Chapter: A man greeting his wife and women among his unmarriageable kin (mahram),

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and greeting unrelated women if there is no fear of temptation.

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And their greeting in this context.

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From Sahl ibn Sa'd, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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"There was a woman among us,

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and in another narration:

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'We had an old woman,'

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who would take some chard roots,

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put them in a pot,

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and grind some barley grains.

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When we finished the Friday prayer and left,

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we would greet her,

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and she would serve it to us."

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Narrated by al-Bukhari.

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His saying 'tukarkir':

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Meaning she would grind.

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'Al-Silq' (Chard):

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Is a well-known vegetable.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The command to disperse after the Friday prayer is for permissibility,

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because their departure was only for lunch,

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and then for the midday nap.

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The recommendation to seek closeness to Allah through good deeds,

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even with something small.

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The permissibility of greeting unrelated women

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if there is no fear of temptation.

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An illustration of the state of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them,

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regarding their contentment and simplicity of life,

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and their haste to obey Allah.

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And from Umm Hani,

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Fakhitah bint Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:

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"I came to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, on the day of the Conquest,

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while he was bathing,

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and Fatimah was shielding him with a cloth.

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I greeted him,"

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and she mentioned the rest of the hadith.

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Narrated by Muslim.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The permissibility of women greeting men

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when there is no fear of temptation.

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And from Asma' bint Yazid, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:

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"The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed by us while we were among a group of women,

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and he greeted us."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.

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This is the wording of Abu Dawud,

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and the wording of al-Tirmidhi:

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That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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passed through the mosque one day,

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and a group of women were sitting,

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so he gestured with his hand in greeting.

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Chapter: The prohibition of initiating the greeting to a disbeliever,

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how to respond to them,

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and the recommendation to greet a gathering that includes both Muslims and disbelievers.

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From Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"Do not initiate the greeting with the Jews or the Christians.

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If you meet one of them on the road,

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force them to the narrowest part of it."

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Narrated by Muslim.

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'Fadtarruhum' (Force them):

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Meaning, compel them by narrowing the path for them to the narrowest part.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The prohibition of initiating the greeting to Jews and Christians.

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One should manifest the honor of faith and the dignity of Islam.

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So the Jews and Christians are forced to the narrowest part of the road.

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Compassion for the People of the Book,

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which is by being firm with them,

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so that they might embrace Islam and be saved from the Fire.

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And from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"If the People of the Book greet you,

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say: 'Wa 'alaykum' (And upon you)."

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Agreed upon.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Guidance on how to return the greeting to the People of the Book,

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which is by saying 'Wa 'alaykum',

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because their greeting contains a harm to the Muslims,

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so one responds to them accordingly.

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And from Usamah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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passed by a gathering

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that contained a mix of Muslims and polytheists,

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idolaters and Jews,

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and the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, greeted them.

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Agreed upon.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The Sunnah, when passing by a gathering containing both Muslims and non-Muslims,

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is to offer a greeting using a general phrasing,

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while intending the greeting for the Muslims present.

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It is permissible for Muslims to sit

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with polytheists and the People of the Book,

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provided that the gathering does not involve anything forbidden,

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or have a negative influence on one’s religion and character.

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It is permissible for Muslims to sit with others

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for the purpose of inviting them to Islam.

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The chapter on the recommendation of offering the greeting of peace

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when rising from a gathering

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and parting from one's companions or companion.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

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"When one of you arrives at a gathering,

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let him offer the greeting of peace.

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And when he wishes to leave, let him offer the greeting of peace,

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for the first is not more important than the last."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.

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Among the benefits of this hadith:

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Whoever comes to a group of people sitting together

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should greet them before initiating any conversation.

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Whoever has fulfilled his need with a group and wishes to depart

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should greet them.

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The first greeting

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is a sign of safety for them from his harm upon his arrival,

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and the second greeting

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is a sign of safety for them from his harm in his absence.

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Riyad al-Salihin.