WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.080 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.539 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:13.980 --> 00:00:16.140 Surah al-Isra'. 00:00:18.250 --> 00:00:22.050 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.730 --> 00:00:26.850 “Say: Be ye stones or iron” (17:50) 00:00:26.850 --> 00:00:32.729 “Or some created thing that is yet greater in your thoughts! Then they will say: Who shall bring us back (to life). Say: He Who created you at the first. Then will they shake their heads at thee, and say: When will it be? Say: It will perhaps be soon;” (17:51) 00:00:32.929 --> 00:00:37.009 They will say, "Who will bring us back to life?" 00:00:37.009 --> 00:00:40.810 “Or some created thing that is yet greater in your thoughts! Then they will say: Who shall bring us back (to life). Say: He Who created you at the first. Then will they shake their heads at thee, and say: When will it be? Say: It will perhaps be soon;” (17:51) 00:00:40.810 --> 00:00:46.969 They will shake their heads at you and ask, "When will this be?" 00:00:46.969 --> 00:00:51.530 “Or some created thing that is yet greater in your thoughts! Then they will say: Who shall bring us back (to life). Say: He Who created you at the first. Then will they shake their heads at thee, and say: When will it be? Say: It will perhaps be soon;” (17:51) 00:00:52.899 --> 00:00:55.820 Say, O Muhammad, to those who deny the Resurrection: 00:00:56.179 --> 00:00:59.979 "Be, if you are amazed at Allah’s creation of you, 00:01:00.299 --> 00:01:02.500 [be] stones or iron, 00:01:02.740 --> 00:01:07.500 or any created thing that seems even greater in your hearts—if you are able to do so." 00:01:07.819 --> 00:01:09.540 Whether you become dead, 00:01:09.819 --> 00:01:12.819 or become the heavens, the earth, or the mountains, 00:01:13.060 --> 00:01:15.019 or become whatever you wish, 00:01:15.500 --> 00:01:20.900 I will surely bring you to life and resurrect you as a new creation after you have become such things. 00:01:21.219 --> 00:01:23.540 Just as He brought you into existence the first time. 00:01:24.159 --> 00:01:28.400 They will say, "Who will restore us to life as a new creation?" 00:01:28.920 --> 00:01:30.000 Say to them: 00:01:30.560 --> 00:01:32.519 "He will restore you just as you were," 00:01:32.760 --> 00:01:36.280 He who created you from nothing the first time. 00:01:36.840 --> 00:01:42.480 They will shake their heads at you, nodding up and down in denial and mockery, 00:01:42.920 --> 00:01:44.799 and ask, "When will the Resurrection be?" 00:01:45.439 --> 00:01:49.719 Say to them, O Muhammad, "It may well be soon." 00:01:51.390 --> 00:01:57.790 “A day when He will call you and ye will answer with His praise, and ye will think that ye have tarried but a little while.” (17:52) 00:01:58.790 --> 00:02:03.900 That will be the day your Lord calls you to emerge from your graves. 00:02:04.299 --> 00:02:09.819 You will respond to Allah’s call from your graves by His power and His summoning of you. 00:02:10.419 --> 00:02:12.819 And all praise is due to Allah in every circumstance. 00:02:13.419 --> 00:02:18.699 You will think, when you encounter the Resurrection, due to the terror you witness therein, 00:02:19.180 --> 00:02:22.180 that you had only stayed in the earth for a short while. 00:02:22.180 --> 00:02:26.900 And tell My servants to say that which is best. 00:02:27.300 --> 00:02:31.900 “Tell My bondmen to speak that which is kindlier. Lo! the devil soweth discord among them. Lo! the devil is for man an open foe.” (17:53) 00:02:32.379 --> 00:02:40.379 “Tell My bondmen to speak that which is kindlier. Lo! the devil soweth discord among them. Lo! the devil is for man an open foe.” (17:53) 00:02:41.379 --> 00:02:43.699 And say, O Muhammad, to My servants: 00:02:44.099 --> 00:02:49.780 "Let them speak to one another in the best manner of discourse and address." 00:02:49.780 --> 00:02:55.300 Indeed, Satan sows discord in their speech and corrupts the relations between them. 00:02:55.699 --> 00:02:59.699 Indeed, Satan has always been an enemy to Adam and his descendants. 00:03:00.300 --> 00:03:04.300 He has made his enmity clear to them through the envy he displayed, 00:03:04.699 --> 00:03:08.300 and his deception of him until he caused him to be expelled from Paradise. 00:03:08.699 --> 00:03:11.300 Your Lord is most knowing of you. 00:03:11.699 --> 00:03:18.099 If He wills, He will have mercy on you, or if He wills, He will punish you. 00:03:18.099 --> 00:03:22.099 “Your Lord is Best Aware of you. If He will, He will have mercy on you, or if He will, He will punish you. We have not sent thee (O Muhammad) as a warden over them.” (17:54) 00:03:49.240 --> 00:03:54.280 And your Lord is most knowing of whoever is in the heavens and the earth. 00:03:54.639 --> 00:04:00.939 “And thy Lord is Best Aware of all who are in the heavens and the earth. And we preferred some of the prophets above others, and unto David We gave the Psalms.” (17:55) 00:04:01.300 --> 00:04:05.139 And We gave David the Zabur (Psalms). 00:04:05.740 --> 00:04:09.740 And your Lord, O Muhammad, is most knowing of whoever is in the heavens and the earth. 00:04:10.060 --> 00:04:11.340 And what is best for them. 00:04:11.740 --> 00:04:16.500 He is most knowing of who is worthy of being chosen for revelation. 00:04:17.019 --> 00:04:19.019 And [He is most knowing of] what we do according to the will of Allah. 00:04:19.019 --> 00:04:24.019 He is most knowing of who is worthy of repentance and who is worthy of punishment. 00:04:24.019 --> 00:04:27.019 So let that not weigh heavily upon you. 00:04:27.019 --> 00:04:33.019 For that is My action toward them, to favor some prophets over others, 00:04:33.019 --> 00:04:36.019 by sending some of them to certain peoples, 00:04:36.019 --> 00:04:42.019 and others to all of mankind, and by raising some of them in degrees above others. 00:04:42.019 --> 00:04:46.339 And We gave David the Zabur. 00:04:46.339 --> 00:05:02.339 “Say: Cry unto those (saints and angels) whom ye assume (to be gods) beside Him, yet they have no power to rid you of misfortune nor to change.” (17:56) 00:05:02.339 --> 00:05:27.339 “Those unto whom they cry seek the way of approach to their Lord, which of them shall be the nearest; they hope for His mercy and they fear His doom. Lo! the doom of thy Lord is to be shunned.” (17:57) 00:05:27.339 --> 00:05:31.139 Say, O Muhammad, to the polytheists of your people: 00:05:31.139 --> 00:05:38.139 "Call upon those whom you claimed to be gods besides Allah when some harm befalls you." 00:05:38.139 --> 00:05:42.139 Then see if they are able to avert that from you, 00:05:42.139 --> 00:05:45.139 or transfer it from you to others. 00:05:45.139 --> 00:05:50.139 These whom these polytheists call upon as lords, 00:05:50.139 --> 00:05:55.139 those who call upon them seek a means of approach and nearness to their Lord, 00:05:55.139 --> 00:05:58.139 because they are believers in Him. 00:05:58.139 --> 00:06:04.139 [They seek to see] which of them, through their righteous deeds and diligence in worship, is closer to Him in nearness. 00:06:04.139 --> 00:06:09.139 They hope for His mercy through those actions and fear His punishment. 00:06:09.139 --> 00:06:14.139 Indeed, the punishment of your Lord, O Muhammad, is something to be feared. 00:06:14.139 --> 00:06:29.480 “There is not a township but We shall destroy it ere the Day of Resurrection, or punish it with dire punishment. That is set forth in the Book (of Our decrees).” (17:58) 00:06:29.480 --> 00:06:34.480 That was recorded in the Book. 00:06:34.480 --> 00:06:40.310 There is no town but that We are the destroyers of its people, 00:06:40.310 --> 00:06:44.310 annihilating them completely before the Day of Resurrection, 00:06:44.310 --> 00:06:48.310 or punishing them with various forms of severe torment. 00:06:48.310 --> 00:06:52.310 That was recorded in the Preserved Tablet. 00:06:52.310 --> 00:07:02.240 “Naught hindereth Us from sending portents save that the folk of old denied them. And We gave Thamud the she-camel - a clear portent save to warn.” (17:59) 00:07:02.240 --> 00:07:09.240 “Naught hindereth Us from sending portents save that the folk of old denied them. And We gave Thamud the she-camel - a clear portent save to warn.” (17:59) 00:07:09.240 --> 00:07:14.240 “Naught hindereth Us from sending portents save that the folk of old denied them. And We gave Thamud the she-camel - a clear portent save to warn.” (17:59) 00:07:14.240 --> 00:07:19.879 And nothing prevented Us, O Muhammad, from sending the signs that your people requested, 00:07:19.879 --> 00:07:26.879 except that the nations of the past who denied [the truth] asked for the same as they asked. 00:07:26.879 --> 00:07:30.879 But when what they asked for came to them, they denied their messenger. 00:07:30.879 --> 00:07:33.879 So We did not send the signs to your people, 00:07:33.879 --> 00:07:37.879 because if We had sent the signs and they had denied them, 00:07:37.879 --> 00:07:42.879 We would have hastened their punishment just as We did with the nations before them. 00:07:42.879 --> 00:07:47.879 The people of Thamud, O Muhammad, asked for signs before your people. 00:07:47.879 --> 00:07:49.879 So We gave them what they asked for. 00:07:49.879 --> 00:07:55.879 And We made that she-camel a clear proof for all who saw it. 00:07:55.879 --> 00:07:57.879 But it was through it that they committed their injustice. 00:07:57.879 --> 00:08:00.879 That is because they killed and hamstrung it. 00:08:00.879 --> 00:08:04.879 So their injustice was in hamstringing and killing it. 00:08:04.879 --> 00:08:09.879 And We do not send signs and reminders except to warn the servants. 00:08:11.579 --> 00:08:17.579 “And (it was a warning) when we told thee: Lo! thy Lord encompasseth mankind, and We appointed the sight which We showed thee as an ordeal for mankind, and (likewise) the Accursed Tree in the Qur'an. We warn them, but it increaseth them in naught save gross impiety.” (17:60) 00:08:17.579 --> 00:08:25.579 “And (it was a warning) when we told thee: Lo! thy Lord encompasseth mankind, and We appointed the sight which We showed thee as an ordeal for mankind, and (likewise) the Accursed Tree in the Qur'an. We warn them, but it increaseth them in naught save gross impiety.” (17:60) 00:08:25.579 --> 00:08:33.580 “And (it was a warning) when we told thee: Lo! thy Lord encompasseth mankind, and We appointed the sight which We showed thee as an ordeal for mankind, and (likewise) the Accursed Tree in the Qur'an. We warn them, but it increaseth them in naught save gross impiety.” (17:60) 00:08:33.580 --> 00:08:40.580 “And (it was a warning) when we told thee: Lo! thy Lord encompasseth mankind, and We appointed the sight which We showed thee as an ordeal for mankind, and (likewise) the Accursed Tree in the Qur'an. We warn them, but it increaseth them in naught save gross impiety.” (17:60) 00:08:40.580 --> 00:08:47.580 And remember, O Muhammad, when We said to you that your Lord encompasses the people in His power. 00:08:47.580 --> 00:08:49.580 They are in His grasp. 00:08:49.580 --> 00:08:52.580 So do not fear anyone among them. 00:08:52.580 --> 00:08:59.700 And We did not make the vision which We showed you on the night of the Isra' from Makkah to Jerusalem, 00:08:59.700 --> 00:09:01.700 except as a trial for the people, 00:09:01.700 --> 00:09:07.700 [specifically] those who turned back from Islam when they were told of the vision the Prophet saw. 00:09:07.700 --> 00:09:10.700 So they increased in their transgression and error. 00:09:10.700 --> 00:09:14.860 And We did not make the cursed tree mentioned in the Qur'an, 00:09:14.860 --> 00:09:16.860 which is the tree of Zaqqum, 00:09:16.860 --> 00:09:18.860 except as a trial for the people. 00:09:18.860 --> 00:09:21.860 Their trial regarding the tree was 00:09:21.860 --> 00:09:24.860 the statement of Abu Jahl and the polytheists with him: 00:09:25.860 --> 00:09:29.860 "Muhammad tells us that there is a tree growing in the Fire, 00:09:29.860 --> 00:09:32.860 and fire consumes trees, 00:09:32.860 --> 00:09:34.860 so how can it grow therein?" 00:09:34.860 --> 00:09:39.860 And We warn these polytheists with the punishments We threaten them with, 00:09:39.860 --> 00:09:46.820 but Our warning only increases them in their great persistence in disbelief. 00:09:46.820 --> 00:09:49.820 And [remember] when We said to the angels, 00:09:49.820 --> 00:09:54.820 "Prostrate to Adam," so they prostrated, except Iblis. 00:09:54.820 --> 00:09:57.820 They prostrated, except Iblis. 00:09:57.820 --> 00:10:01.820 “And when We said unto the angels: Fall down prostrate before Adam and they fell prostrate all save Iblis, he said: Shall I fall prostrate before that which Thou hast created of clay?” (17:61) 00:10:01.820 --> 00:10:05.590 And remember when We said to the angels, 00:10:05.590 --> 00:10:09.590 "Prostrate to Adam," so they prostrated, except Iblis. 00:10:09.590 --> 00:10:11.590 For he was arrogant and said, 00:10:11.590 --> 00:10:16.549 "Shall I prostrate to one whom You created from clay?" 00:10:16.549 --> 00:10:20.549 “He said: Seest Thou this (creature) whom Thou hast honoured above me, if Thou give me grace until the Day of Resurrection I verily will seize his seed, save but a few.” (17:62) 00:10:20.549 --> 00:10:24.549 "If You respite me until the Day of Resurrection," 00:10:24.549 --> 00:10:27.549 "If You respite me until the Day of Resurrection," 00:10:27.549 --> 00:10:33.549 "I will surely bring his descendants under my sway, except for a few." 00:10:33.549 --> 00:10:36.289 Iblis said, 00:10:36.289 --> 00:10:39.289 "Do You see this one whom You have honored above me? 00:10:39.289 --> 00:10:41.289 You commanded me to prostrate to him. 00:10:41.289 --> 00:10:45.289 If You delay my destruction until the Day of Resurrection, 00:10:45.289 --> 00:10:47.289 I will surely dominate them, 00:10:47.289 --> 00:10:51.289 and I will surely uproot them and lead them astray." 00:10:51.289 --> 00:10:55.090 “He said: Go, and whosoever of them followeth thee - lo! hell will be your payment, ample payment.” (17:63) 00:10:55.090 --> 00:11:09.090 “He said: Go, and whosoever of them followeth thee - lo! hell will be your payment, ample payment.” (17:63) 00:11:09.090 --> 00:11:11.730 Allah said to Iblis, 00:11:11.730 --> 00:11:14.730 "Go, for I have granted you respite." 00:11:14.730 --> 00:11:18.730 Whoever follows you from the descendants of Adam, peace be upon him, 00:11:18.730 --> 00:11:19.730 and obeys you, 00:11:19.730 --> 00:11:25.730 then indeed, Hell is your reward and their reward—a full and complete recompense. 00:11:25.730 --> 00:11:31.460 “And excite any of them whom thou canst with thy voice, and urge thy horse and foot against them, and be a partner in their wealth and children, and promise them. Satan promiseth them only to deceive.” (17:64) 00:11:31.460 --> 00:11:39.460 “And excite any of them whom thou canst with thy voice, and urge thy horse and foot against them, and be a partner in their wealth and children, and promise them. Satan promiseth them only to deceive.” (17:64) 00:11:39.460 --> 00:11:44.460 “And excite any of them whom thou canst with thy voice, and urge thy horse and foot against them, and be a partner in their wealth and children, and promise them. Satan promiseth them only to deceive.” (17:64) 00:11:44.460 --> 00:11:50.070 And Satan promises them nothing but delusion. 00:11:50.070 --> 00:11:55.070 And incite and lead astray whoever you can among them with your voice, 00:11:55.070 --> 00:11:59.070 and muster against them your cavalry and your infantry, 00:11:59.070 --> 00:12:02.070 those who urge them on by calling them to your obedience, 00:12:02.070 --> 00:12:04.070 and turning them away from My obedience. 00:12:04.070 --> 00:12:06.070 And share with them in their wealth, 00:12:06.070 --> 00:12:10.070 by spending their wealth in other than the obedience of Allah, 00:12:10.070 --> 00:12:13.070 and by acquiring it through unlawful means. 00:12:13.070 --> 00:12:15.070 And share with them in their children, 00:12:15.070 --> 00:12:21.070 which includes every child whom one disobeys Allah by naming with a name Allah dislikes, 00:12:21.070 --> 00:12:25.070 or by bringing them up in a religion other than that which Allah has approved, 00:12:25.070 --> 00:12:29.070 or by committing adultery with their mother, or by killing and burying them alive. 00:12:29.070 --> 00:12:35.070 And promise your followers among the descendants of Adam victory over those who wish them harm. 00:12:35.070 --> 00:12:38.070 And Satan promises them nothing but delusion, 00:12:38.070 --> 00:12:44.070 because he will not avail them anything against the punishment of Allah when it descends upon them. 00:12:44.070 --> 00:12:50.779 "Indeed, My servants—you have no authority over them." 00:12:50.779 --> 00:12:54.779 And sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian. 00:12:54.779 --> 00:13:01.350 Indeed, My servants who obeyed Me, followed My command, and disobeyed you, O Iblis, 00:13:01.350 --> 00:13:03.350 you have no argument against them. 00:13:03.350 --> 00:13:07.350 And sufficient is your Lord, O Muhammad, as a Protector. 00:13:07.350 --> 00:13:10.350 So submit to His command and convey His messages, 00:13:10.350 --> 00:13:12.350 and do not fear anyone. 00:13:12.350 --> 00:13:26.120 “(O mankind), your Lord is He Who driveth for you the ship upon the sea that ye may seek of His bounty. Lo! He was ever Merciful toward you.” (17:66) 00:13:26.120 --> 00:13:29.049 Your Lord, O people, 00:13:29.049 --> 00:13:33.049 is the One who makes the ships sail for you on the sea, 00:13:33.049 --> 00:13:36.049 so that He may carry you in them to seek of His bounty, 00:13:36.049 --> 00:13:41.049 to reach the places of your trade by riding in them. 00:13:42.049 --> 00:13:47.049 Indeed, Allah has been merciful to you when He made the ships run for you on the sea, 00:13:47.049 --> 00:13:52.049 as a facilitation from Him in seeking His bounty in distant lands. 00:13:52.049 --> 00:14:00.779 “And when harm toucheth you upon the sea, all unto whom ye cry (for succour) fail save Him (alone), but when He bringeth you safe to land, ye turn away, for man was ever thankless.” (17:67) 00:14:00.779 --> 00:14:05.779 “And when harm toucheth you upon the sea, all unto whom ye cry (for succour) fail save Him (alone), but when He bringeth you safe to land, ye turn away, for man was ever thankless.” (17:67) 00:14:05.779 --> 00:14:11.519 And man has been ungrateful. 00:14:11.519 --> 00:14:15.519 And when distress and hardship befall you at sea, 00:14:15.519 --> 00:14:19.519 you lose those whom you call upon besides Allah among the idols, 00:14:19.519 --> 00:14:23.519 and you find no one but Allah to save you. 00:14:23.519 --> 00:14:26.519 But when He saves you and delivers you, 00:14:26.519 --> 00:14:31.519 you turn away from what your Lord called you to—renouncing the idols, 00:14:31.519 --> 00:14:33.519 and singling Him out in worship. 00:14:33.519 --> 00:14:35.519 [This is] out of ingratitude for His favor. 00:14:35.519 --> 00:14:39.519 And man has been one who denies the favors of his Lord. 00:14:39.519 --> 00:14:45.320 “Feel ye then secure that He will not cause a slope of the land to engulf you, or send a sand-storm upon you, and then ye will find that ye have no protector?” (17:68) 00:14:45.320 --> 00:14:52.320 “Feel ye then secure that He will not cause a slope of the land to engulf you, or send a sand-storm upon you, and then ye will find that ye have no protector?” (17:68) 00:14:52.320 --> 00:14:57.320 “Feel ye then secure that He will not cause a slope of the land to engulf you, or send a sand-storm upon you, and then ye will find that ye have no protector?” (17:68) 00:14:57.320 --> 00:15:00.860 Do you then feel secure, O people, from your Lord, 00:15:00.860 --> 00:15:02.860 while you have denied His favor, 00:15:02.860 --> 00:15:05.860 that He will cause the earth to swallow you up in a part of the land, 00:15:05.860 --> 00:15:09.860 or send against you a storm of stones from the sky that will kill you? 00:15:09.860 --> 00:15:14.860 Then you will find no one to defend you against His punishment, 00:15:14.860 --> 00:15:16.860 and nothing to protect you from Him. 00:15:16.860 --> 00:15:23.539 “Or feel ye secure that He will not return you to that (plight) a second time, and send against you a hurricane of wind and drown you for your thanklessness, and then ye will not find therein that ye have any avenger against Us?” (17:69) 00:15:23.539 --> 00:15:30.539 “Or feel ye secure that He will not return you to that (plight) a second time, and send against you a hurricane of wind and drown you for your thanklessness, and then ye will not find therein that ye have any avenger against Us?” (17:69) 00:15:30.539 --> 00:15:36.539 So He will drown you because you disbelieved. 00:15:36.539 --> 00:15:42.539 “Or feel ye secure that He will not return you to that (plight) a second time, and send against you a hurricane of wind and drown you for your thanklessness, and then ye will not find therein that ye have any avenger against Us?” (17:69) 00:15:42.539 --> 00:15:48.240 Or do you feel secure, O people, from your Lord, while you have disbelieved in Him, 00:15:48.240 --> 00:15:51.240 that He will return you to the sea another time, 00:15:51.240 --> 00:15:54.240 “Or feel ye secure that He will not return you to that (plight) a second time, and send against you a hurricane of wind and drown you for your thanklessness, and then ye will not find therein that ye have any avenger against Us?” (17:69) 00:15:54.240 --> 00:15:57.240 which is the wind that destroys whatever it passes by, 00:15:57.240 --> 00:15:59.240 shattering and crushing it. 00:15:59.240 --> 00:16:04.240 So Allah will drown you with this violent wind because of your disbelief in Him. 00:16:05.240 --> 00:16:10.240 Then you will find no one to follow Us regarding what We have done to you, 00:16:10.240 --> 00:16:17.190 nor any avenger to seek retribution for Our destruction of you.