1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,160 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:05,139 --> 00:00:08,039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:08,580 --> 00:00:12,740 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 4 00:00:14,080 --> 00:00:16,039 Surah al-Zumar. 5 00:00:18,620 --> 00:00:23,100 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:23,949 --> 00:00:32,789 “And who doth greater wrong than he who telleth a lie against Allah, and denieth the truth when it reacheth him? Will not the home of disbelievers be in hell?” (39:32) 7 00:00:33,109 --> 00:00:39,070 Is there not in Hell a dwelling for the disbelievers? 8 00:00:40,210 --> 00:00:44,450 Who among the creation of Allah is a greater liar than one who fabricates lies against Allah? 9 00:00:44,729 --> 00:00:47,369 By claiming that He has offspring and associates. 10 00:00:47,689 --> 00:00:51,530 And by denying the Book of Allah when He revealed it to Muhammad, peace be upon him. 11 00:00:52,130 --> 00:00:55,890 Is there not in the Fire a refuge and abode for those who disbelieved in Allah? 12 00:00:57,439 --> 00:01:07,439 “And whoso bringeth the truth and believeth therein - Such are the dutiful.” (39:33) 13 00:01:07,840 --> 00:01:20,079 “They shall have what they will of their Lord's bounty. That is the reward of the good:” (39:34) 14 00:01:20,079 --> 00:01:31,599 “That Allah will remit from them the worst of what they did, and will pay them for reward the best they used to do.” (39:35) 15 00:01:51,219 --> 00:01:55,379 They shall have with their Lord on the Day of Resurrection whatever their souls desire. 16 00:01:55,939 --> 00:02:04,900 This reward which they have with their Lord is for those who did good in this world, obeyed Allah therein, and refrained from what He forbade. 17 00:02:05,620 --> 00:02:13,300 The reward for these righteous people for their good deeds is that He may remit the worst of what they did in this world. 18 00:02:13,780 --> 00:02:21,300 And He shall reward them for their deeds with the best of what they used to do in this world, in a manner that pleases Allah, excluding their worst deeds. 19 00:02:22,819 --> 00:02:37,060 “Will not Allah defend His slave? Yet they would frighten thee with those beside Him. He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no guide.” (39:36) 20 00:02:37,060 --> 00:02:48,979 And whomsoever Allah guides, none can lead astray; is not Allah Almighty in retribution? 21 00:03:07,979 --> 00:03:21,419 Whoever Allah abandons, leaving him to stray from the path of truth, has no guide or one to grant him success in faith in Allah besides Him. 22 00:03:22,219 --> 00:03:30,699 And whoever Allah grants success to believe in Him and act according to His Book, has no one to lead him astray from the truth he is upon. 23 00:03:30,699 --> 00:03:40,620 Is not Allah, O Muhammad, Almighty in His retribution against the disbelievers among His creation, and in His retribution against His enemies who deny His Oneness? 24 00:04:02,539 --> 00:04:18,939 “And verily, if thou shouldst ask them: Who created the heavens and the earth? they will say: Allah. Say: Bethink you then of those ye worship beside Allah, if Allah willed some hurt for me, could they remove from me His hurt; or if He willed some mercy for me, could they restrain His mercy? Say: Allah is my all. In Him do (all) the trusting put their trust.” (39:38) 25 00:04:21,069 --> 00:04:30,589 And if you, O Muhammad, were to ask these polytheists who created the heavens and the earth, they would surely say, "Allah, who created them." 26 00:04:31,310 --> 00:04:40,110 Say: "Have you considered, O people, those whom you worship besides Allah? If Allah intends for me some harm in my livelihood..." 27 00:04:40,750 --> 00:04:51,310 "...can they remove the harm that my Lord intends for me? And if He intends for me mercy, to grant me abundance in my livelihood and increase in my wealth..." 28 00:04:52,029 --> 00:05:00,029 "...and ease and health in my body, can they withhold from me that mercy which He intends to bestow upon me?" 29 00:05:00,829 --> 00:05:12,110 They will surely say, "No." Say: "Allah is sufficient for me against all things besides Him; Him alone I worship, and to Him alone I turn in my affairs." 30 00:05:12,910 --> 00:05:18,509 In Allah let those who trust place their trust, and in Him alone let them rely, not in any other. 31 00:05:20,269 --> 00:05:29,149 Say: "O my people, work according to your position; I am working, and you shall come to know." 32 00:05:29,870 --> 00:05:39,389 Who will receive a punishment that disgraces him and upon whom will descend an everlasting punishment. 33 00:05:41,120 --> 00:05:43,360 Say, O Muhammad, to the polytheists of your people: 34 00:05:43,839 --> 00:05:49,519 "Work, O people, according to your capacity for the work you do and your stations." 35 00:05:50,079 --> 00:05:51,839 "I am working likewise." 36 00:05:52,480 --> 00:05:56,639 "You shall come to know who will receive a punishment that humiliates and degrades him." 37 00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:00,560 "And upon whom will descend a lasting punishment that will never leave him." 38 00:06:02,540 --> 00:06:09,420 “Lo! We have revealed unto thee (Muhammad) the Scripture for mankind with truth. Then whosoever goeth right it is for his soul, and whosoever strayeth, strayeth only to its hurt. And thou art not a warder over them.” (39:41) 39 00:06:10,060 --> 00:06:24,220 Whoever is guided is only guided for his own soul, and whoever goes astray only goes astray to its detriment; you are not a guardian over them. 40 00:06:25,870 --> 00:06:30,829 We have revealed to you, O Muhammad, the Book for the people with the truth. 41 00:06:31,310 --> 00:06:40,509 Whoever acts according to what is in the Book We have revealed to you, does so only for his own soul, for he earns for it the pleasure of Allah. 42 00:06:41,069 --> 00:06:49,470 And whoever deviates from the Book We have revealed to you, deviates only to his own detriment, for he earns for it the wrath of Allah. 43 00:06:50,029 --> 00:06:58,829 You, O Muhammad, are not a watcher over the people to whom I have sent you, to monitor their deeds; you are only a messenger. 44 00:07:01,699 --> 00:07:08,579 “Allah receiveth (men's) souls at the time of their death, and that (soul) which dieth not (yet) in its sleep. He keepeth that (soul) for which He hath ordained death and dismisseth the rest till an appointed term. Lo! herein verily are portents for people who take thought.” (39:42) 45 00:07:09,220 --> 00:07:26,579 “Allah receiveth (men's) souls at the time of their death, and that (soul) which dieth not (yet) in its sleep. He keepeth that (soul) for which He hath ordained death and dismisseth the rest till an appointed term. Lo! herein verily are portents for people who take thought.” (39:42) 46 00:07:27,899 --> 00:07:34,939 Among the proofs that divinity belongs to Allah alone, excluding all else, is that He causes death and gives life. 47 00:07:35,500 --> 00:07:40,860 Allah takes the souls at the time of their death, seizing them when their appointed time expires. 48 00:07:41,420 --> 00:07:47,899 “Allah receiveth (men's) souls at the time of their death, and that (soul) which dieth not (yet) in its sleep. He keepeth that (soul) for which He hath ordained death and dismisseth the rest till an appointed term. Lo! herein verily are portents for people who take thought.” (39:42) 49 00:07:48,699 --> 00:07:56,060 It is mentioned that the souls of the living and the dead meet in sleep, and they recognize each other as much as Allah wills. 50 00:07:56,620 --> 00:08:03,259 When He wills for them all to return to their bodies, Allah retains the souls of the dead with Him. 51 00:08:03,819 --> 00:08:09,899 And He sends back the souls of the living until they return to their bodies for an appointed term. 52 00:08:10,620 --> 00:08:18,220 Indeed, in Allah’s seizing the soul of the sleeper and the dead, and His sending back the soul of the former to its body... 53 00:08:18,699 --> 00:08:23,339 ...and His withholding the soul of the latter, there is a lesson for those who reflect and contemplate. 54 00:08:25,019 --> 00:08:31,019 “Or choose they intercessors other than Allah? Say: What! Even though they have power over nothing and have no intelligence?” (39:43) 55 00:08:31,500 --> 00:08:37,899 “Or choose they intercessors other than Allah? Say: What! Even though they have power over nothing and have no intelligence?” (39:43) 56 00:08:38,460 --> 00:08:41,899 “Say: Unto Allah belongeth all intercession. His is the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth. And afterward unto Him ye will be brought back.” (39:44) 57 00:08:42,460 --> 00:08:50,539 “Say: Unto Allah belongeth all intercession. His is the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth. And afterward unto Him ye will be brought back.” (39:44) 58 00:08:52,110 --> 00:08:58,990 Have these polytheists taken their deities as intercessors who intercede for them with Allah regarding their needs? 59 00:08:59,679 --> 00:09:05,679 Say, O Muhammad, to them: "Do you take these deities as intercessors as you claim?" 60 00:09:06,159 --> 00:09:11,840 Even though they possess no power to benefit or harm you, and they understand nothing? 61 00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:18,240 Say to them: "If you worship them for that reason, and for them to intercede for you with Allah..." 62 00:09:18,720 --> 00:09:23,519 "...then devote your worship sincerely to Allah, for all intercession belongs to Him." 63 00:09:24,159 --> 00:09:33,200 To Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and then to Allah you will return, and He will punish you for associating others with Him. 64 00:09:35,169 --> 00:09:42,690 “And when Allah alone is mentioned, the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter are repelled, and when those (whom they worship) beside Him are mentioned, behold! they are glad.” (39:45) 65 00:09:43,090 --> 00:09:50,049 “And when Allah alone is mentioned, the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter are repelled, and when those (whom they worship) beside Him are mentioned, behold! they are glad.” (39:45) 66 00:09:51,419 --> 00:09:58,620 When Allah is mentioned alone, the hearts of those who do not believe in the Resurrection are filled with aversion. 67 00:09:59,100 --> 00:10:07,740 But when those whom they call upon besides Him are mentioned, those who do not believe in the Hereafter rejoice and are glad. 68 00:10:09,580 --> 00:10:17,259 “Say: O Allah! Creator of the heavens and the earth! Knower of the Invisible and the Visible! Thou wilt judge between Thy slaves concerning that wherein they used to differ.” (39:46) 69 00:10:17,820 --> 00:10:27,659 “Say: O Allah! Creator of the heavens and the earth! Knower of the Invisible and the Visible! Thou wilt judge between Thy slaves concerning that wherein they used to differ.” (39:46) 70 00:10:29,059 --> 00:10:35,940 Say, O Muhammad: "O Allah, Creator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen." 71 00:10:36,419 --> 00:10:41,379 "You judge between Your servants, deciding between them with the truth on the day You gather them." 72 00:10:41,860 --> 00:10:49,620 "Regarding that over which they used to differ in the world, in their speech about You, Your greatness, and other such differences." 73 00:10:50,340 --> 00:10:57,700 "You will judge on that day with the truth between us and those who, when You are mentioned alone, their hearts are filled with aversion." 74 00:10:58,340 --> 00:11:00,820 "And when those besides You are mentioned, they rejoice." 75 00:11:02,450 --> 00:11:09,649 “And though those who do wrong possess all that is in the earth, and therewith as much again, they verily will seek to ransom themselves therewith on the Day of Resurrection from the awful doom; and there will appear unto them, from their Lord, that wherewith they never reckoned.” (39:47) 76 00:11:09,649 --> 00:11:18,850 To ransom themselves with it from the evil of the punishment on the Day of Resurrection. 77 00:11:19,409 --> 00:11:26,129 “And though those who do wrong possess all that is in the earth, and therewith as much again, they verily will seek to ransom themselves therewith on the Day of Resurrection from the awful doom; and there will appear unto them, from their Lord, that wherewith they never reckoned.” (39:47) 78 00:11:27,620 --> 00:11:34,980 Even if these polytheists had on the Day of Resurrection all that is on the earth, of its wealth and adornments... 79 00:11:35,539 --> 00:11:37,620 ...and the like of it with it, doubled. 80 00:11:38,259 --> 00:11:41,379 And they offered that as a ransom for their own souls. 81 00:11:41,940 --> 00:11:46,659 They would ransom their souls with all of that to escape the evil of Allah’s punishment. 82 00:11:47,460 --> 00:11:55,620 And there will appear to them on that day from Allah and His punishment what they had not previously imagined He had prepared for them. 83 00:11:57,090 --> 00:12:06,049 “And the evils that they earned will appear unto them, and that whereat they used to scoff will surround them.” (39:48) 84 00:12:07,549 --> 00:12:14,190 And the evil of what these polytheists earned of deeds in the world will appear to them. 85 00:12:14,590 --> 00:12:17,230 When they are given their records in their left hands. 86 00:12:17,710 --> 00:12:23,710 And there will befall them at that time, and encompass them, the punishment of Allah which they used to mock. 87 00:12:24,110 --> 00:12:25,710 And that will encompass them. 88 00:12:27,200 --> 00:12:45,200 “Now when hurt toucheth a man he crieth unto Us, and afterward when We have granted him a boon from Us, he saith: Only by force of knowledge I obtained it. Nay, but it is a test. But most of them know not.” (39:49) 89 00:12:45,840 --> 00:12:52,799 “Now when hurt toucheth a man he crieth unto Us, and afterward when We have granted him a boon from Us, he saith: Only by force of knowledge I obtained it. Nay, but it is a test. But most of them know not.” (39:49) 90 00:12:54,480 --> 00:13:04,879 When man is afflicted with distress, he calls upon Us, seeking our aid; then when We grant him relief by replacing his hardship with ease and abundance... 91 00:13:05,360 --> 00:13:16,960 ...he says, "I was given what I was given of ease and abundance because of knowledge I possess from Allah, that I am worthy of it due to my nobility and His pleasure with my deeds." 92 00:13:17,600 --> 00:13:21,679 Rather, that was Our gift, but We were testing them through it. 93 00:13:22,159 --> 00:13:27,200 But most of them, due to their ignorance, do not know for what reason they were given that. 94 00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:37,679 “Those before them said it, yet (all) that they had earned availed them not;” (39:50) 95 00:13:38,240 --> 00:13:41,919 “But the evils that they earned smote them; and such of these as do wrong, the evils that they earn will smite them; they cannot escape.” (39:51) 96 00:13:42,399 --> 00:13:58,320 “But the evils that they earned smote them; and such of these as do wrong, the evils that they earn will smite them; they cannot escape.” (39:51) 97 00:13:59,649 --> 00:14:01,649 They have said this statement. 98 00:14:02,129 --> 00:14:07,649 "We were given it because of knowledge we possess," just as those before them from the past nations said. 99 00:14:08,370 --> 00:14:13,570 But what they used to earn of deeds did not avail them when the punishment of Allah came to them. 100 00:14:14,129 --> 00:14:16,850 And their service to their deities did not benefit them. 101 00:14:17,649 --> 00:14:23,490 So those who said this statement were afflicted by the consequences of the evil deeds they had earned. 102 00:14:24,129 --> 00:14:26,690 And they were hastened with disgrace in the life of this world. 103 00:14:27,570 --> 00:14:30,690 And those who disbelieved in Allah, O Muhammad, from your people... 104 00:14:31,169 --> 00:14:34,769 ...will also be afflicted by the consequences of the evil deeds they have earned. 105 00:14:35,409 --> 00:14:41,889 And they cannot escape their Lord, nor can they outrun Him by fleeing on earth from His punishment when it descends upon them. 106 00:15:03,629 --> 00:15:06,190 Does he not know, O Muhammad, these people... 107 00:15:06,750 --> 00:15:09,230 ...that hardship and ease are in the hand of Allah? 108 00:15:09,789 --> 00:15:13,230 He expands the provision for whom He wills, granting him abundance. 109 00:15:13,710 --> 00:15:16,990 And He restricts it for whom He wills, making it scarce. 110 00:15:17,860 --> 00:15:20,659 Indeed, in Allah’s expanding the provision for whom He wills... 111 00:15:21,059 --> 00:15:23,059 ...and His restricting it for whom He wills... 112 00:15:23,620 --> 00:15:26,899 ...are signs for a people who believe in the truth. 113 00:15:27,220 --> 00:15:29,779 And who acknowledge it when it is made clear to them. 114 00:15:29,779 --> 00:15:35,309 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.