WEBVTT

00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779
*Riyadh as-Salihin* (The Gardens of the Righteous) from the words of the Master of the Messengers (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:18.629
Chapter: Eating from what is directly in front of one, and admonishing and instructing one who eats improperly.

00:00:18.629 --> 00:00:25.620
On the authority of 'Umar ibn Abi Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), who said:

00:00:25.620 --> 00:00:30.620
"I was a young boy under the care of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

00:00:30.620 --> 00:00:34.619
and my hand used to wander all over the serving dish.

00:00:34.619 --> 00:00:38.649
So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to me:

00:00:38.649 --> 00:00:48.899
'O young boy, mention the name of Allah the Exalted, eat with your right hand, and eat from what is directly in front of you.'" Agreed upon.

00:00:48.899 --> 00:00:56.100
His saying *tatish* means it moves and reaches toward various sides of the serving dish.

00:00:56.100 --> 00:00:59.670
On the authority of Salamah ibn al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him):

00:00:59.670 --> 00:01:05.670
A man ate in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) with his left hand,

00:01:05.670 --> 00:01:11.670
so he said: "Eat with your right hand." The man replied: "I am unable to."

00:01:11.670 --> 00:01:17.700
He said: "May you never be able to!" Nothing prevented him except arrogance.

00:01:17.700 --> 00:01:22.930
Thus, he could never raise it to his mouth again. Reported by Muslim.

00:01:23.930 --> 00:01:31.329
Chapter: Prohibition of combining two dates—or similar items—when eating in a group,

00:01:31.329 --> 00:01:34.329
except with the permission of one's companions.

00:01:34.329 --> 00:01:38.609
On the authority of Jabalah ibn Suhaym, who said:

00:01:38.609 --> 00:01:42.609
"A year of drought afflicted us during the time of Ibn al-Zubayr,

00:01:42.609 --> 00:01:44.609
and we were provided with dates.

00:01:44.609 --> 00:01:48.609
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father)

00:01:48.609 --> 00:01:50.609
used to pass by us while we were eating,

00:01:50.609 --> 00:01:53.609
and he would say: 'Do not take two dates at once,

00:01:53.609 --> 00:01:58.609
for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade combining two dates at once.'

00:01:58.609 --> 00:02:03.609
Then he would say: 'Unless a man asks permission from his brother.'"

00:02:03.609 --> 00:02:05.670
Agreed upon.

00:02:05.670 --> 00:02:09.439
Among the benefits of the hadith:

00:02:09.439 --> 00:02:12.729
Gathering over food is a praised Sunnah,

00:02:12.729 --> 00:02:14.729
and it brings blessing,

00:02:14.729 --> 00:02:16.729
unlike eating separately.

00:02:16.729 --> 00:02:22.300
The permissibility of scholars observing those beneath them in order to teach them the Sunnah.

00:02:22.300 --> 00:02:28.750
The prohibition of wronging others in eating, drinking, and all affairs of life.

00:02:28.750 --> 00:02:34.300
The prohibition of taking two pieces of food at once without permission from those sharing the meal,

00:02:34.300 --> 00:02:38.300
because it deprives and wrongs one's companions and partners.

00:02:38.300 --> 00:02:45.949
Chapter: What should be said and done by one who eats but is not satisfied.

00:02:45.949 --> 00:02:51.389
On the authority of Wahshi ibn Harb (may Allah be pleased with him):

00:02:51.389 --> 00:02:56.389
The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

00:02:56.389 --> 00:02:58.389
"O Messenger of Allah,

00:02:58.389 --> 00:03:01.389
we eat but are not satisfied."

00:03:01.389 --> 00:03:02.460
He said:

00:03:02.460 --> 00:03:05.460
"Perhaps you eat separately?"

00:03:05.460 --> 00:03:07.460
They said: "Yes."

00:03:07.460 --> 00:03:08.460
He said:

00:03:08.460 --> 00:03:11.460
"Then gather over your food

00:03:11.460 --> 00:03:13.460
and mention the name of Allah,

00:03:13.460 --> 00:03:15.460
and it will be blessed for you."

00:03:15.460 --> 00:03:17.620
Reported by Abu Dawud.

00:03:17.620 --> 00:03:21.509
Among the benefits of the hadith:

00:03:21.509 --> 00:03:24.740
Separation removes blessing,

00:03:24.740 --> 00:03:27.740
whereas gathering yields satisfaction and blessing.

00:03:27.740 --> 00:03:31.180
Mentioning the name of Allah before eating is obligatory,

00:03:31.180 --> 00:03:36.180
and it attains the hoped-for blessing by multiplying the food.

00:03:36.180 --> 00:03:40.629
One who eats alone, even if his food is plentiful,

00:03:40.629 --> 00:03:42.629
rises unsatisfied

00:03:42.629 --> 00:03:44.629
and remains hungry,

00:03:44.629 --> 00:03:50.050
unlike those who eat as a group, even if their food is scarce.

00:03:50.050 --> 00:03:55.050
It is obligatory upon the Muslim Ummah to be united in all things:

00:03:55.050 --> 00:03:57.050
in their eating and drinking,

00:03:57.050 --> 00:03:59.050
and in fighting their enemy,

00:03:59.050 --> 00:04:03.050
owing to the unity of their creed and sacred law.

00:04:03.050 --> 00:04:09.560
Satan is capable of overcoming the individual and causing him to fall into his traps and plots,

00:04:09.560 --> 00:04:12.560
for he devours the stray sheep;

00:04:12.560 --> 00:04:16.560
as for the congregation, he is far from reaching them,

00:04:16.560 --> 00:04:19.560
because Allah's hand is with the congregation.

00:04:19.560 --> 00:04:23.069
Separation is entirely evil,

00:04:23.069 --> 00:04:25.069
while gathering is entirely good.

00:04:29.079 --> 00:04:32.079
Chapter: The command to eat from the side of the serving dish,

00:04:32.079 --> 00:04:35.079
and the prohibition against eating from its center.

00:04:35.079 --> 00:04:40.360
Regarding this is his statement (peace be upon him):

00:04:40.360 --> 00:04:42.360
"And eat from what is directly in front of you."

00:04:42.360 --> 00:04:45.360
Agreed upon, as previously mentioned.

00:04:45.899 --> 00:04:48.899
On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father),

00:04:48.899 --> 00:04:51.899
from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

00:04:51.899 --> 00:04:52.899
who said:

00:04:52.899 --> 00:04:55.939
"The blessing descends in the center of the food,

00:04:55.939 --> 00:04:58.939
so eat from its edges

00:04:58.939 --> 00:05:02.160
and do not eat from its center."

00:05:02.160 --> 00:05:05.160
Reported by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.

00:05:05.160 --> 00:05:09.569
Among the benefits of the hadith:

00:05:09.569 --> 00:05:13.569
Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, honors those who remember Him over their food

00:05:13.569 --> 00:05:16.569
by bestowing the blessing of the food upon them,

00:05:16.569 --> 00:05:21.980
unlike others who do not mention the name of Allah over it.

00:05:21.980 --> 00:05:24.980
Blessing is distinct from the physical food itself;

00:05:24.980 --> 00:05:28.980
it does not reside in it unless the name of Allah is mentioned over it.

00:05:28.980 --> 00:05:32.399
Eating from the center of the food is disliked.

00:05:32.399 --> 00:05:34.779
Good manners when eating

00:05:34.779 --> 00:05:37.779
require that one eat from the edge of the serving dish,

00:05:37.779 --> 00:05:39.779
not from its center.

00:05:39.779 --> 00:05:45.939
On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn Busr (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

00:05:45.939 --> 00:05:49.939
"The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had a large serving dish

00:05:49.939 --> 00:05:51.939
called al-Gharra',

00:05:51.939 --> 00:05:54.939
which required four men to carry.

00:05:54.939 --> 00:05:57.939
When the forenoon came and they prayed the Duha prayer,

00:05:57.939 --> 00:05:59.939
that serving dish was brought—

00:05:59.939 --> 00:06:02.939
meaning after bread and broth had been prepared in it—

00:06:02.939 --> 00:06:04.939
and they gathered around it.

00:06:04.939 --> 00:06:09.939
When they grew numerous, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) knelt on his knees.

00:06:09.939 --> 00:06:11.939
A Bedouin asked:

00:06:11.939 --> 00:06:14.939
'What is this posture?'

00:06:14.939 --> 00:06:18.060
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) replied:

00:06:18.060 --> 00:06:22.060
'Indeed, Allah has made me a noble servant,

00:06:22.060 --> 00:06:25.060
and He did not make me an arrogant tyrant.'

00:06:25.060 --> 00:06:29.129
Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

00:06:29.129 --> 00:06:33.129
'Eat from its sides and leave its top,

00:06:33.129 --> 00:06:35.129
and it will be blessed.'

00:06:35.129 --> 00:06:37.220
Reported by Abu Dawud.

00:06:37.220 --> 00:06:41.259
Its *dhirwah* means its top.

00:06:41.259 --> 00:06:43.500
*Jatha*

00:06:43.500 --> 00:06:45.500
means he knelt upon his knees,

00:06:45.500 --> 00:06:48.500
sitting upon the backs of his feet.

00:06:48.500 --> 00:06:49.500
*Al-Gharra'*

00:06:49.500 --> 00:06:54.660
was named so because of its whiteness from the fat and tallow,

00:06:54.660 --> 00:06:56.660
or because of the whiteness of its wheat,

00:06:56.660 --> 00:06:58.660
or because of its whiteness from milk.

00:06:58.660 --> 00:07:01.500
Among the benefits of the hadith:

00:07:01.500 --> 00:07:05.980
The permissibility of dedicating a specific serving dish for food.

00:07:05.980 --> 00:07:09.420
The permissibility of applying a descriptive title to a serving dish

00:07:09.420 --> 00:07:12.420
or naming it by what it became famous for.

00:07:12.420 --> 00:07:15.939
The generosity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:07:15.939 --> 00:07:19.939
and his care for his Companions and guests.

00:07:19.939 --> 00:07:23.480
The permissibility of sitting as a group after Fajr

00:07:23.480 --> 00:07:25.480
to wait for the forenoon

00:07:25.480 --> 00:07:27.480
and offer its prayer individually.

00:07:27.480 --> 00:07:30.930
Companions serving and assisting

00:07:30.930 --> 00:07:33.930
their brother and carrying his needs for him.

00:07:33.930 --> 00:07:39.439
Highlighting the recommendation that leaders, commanders, princes, and others share

00:07:39.439 --> 00:07:43.439
with the general public in their food and drink,

00:07:43.439 --> 00:07:48.439
without reserving anything extra for themselves over the common people.

00:07:48.439 --> 00:07:53.050
The Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) observing him closely

00:07:53.050 --> 00:07:57.050
and inquiring about what they did not understand or whose wisdom they were ignorant of,

00:07:57.050 --> 00:07:59.050
so that they might follow his example.

00:08:00.050 --> 00:08:04.500
His profound humility (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

00:08:04.500 --> 00:08:07.939
Teaching people the proper manners of eating.

00:08:07.939 --> 00:08:11.329
Blessing resides in the center,

00:08:11.329 --> 00:08:14.329
and it affects the entire food.

00:08:14.329 --> 00:08:20.050
Chapter: Dislike of eating while leaning on one's side or reclining.

00:08:20.050 --> 00:08:23.550
On the authority of Abu Juhayfah

00:08:23.550 --> 00:08:27.550
Wahb ibn 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

00:08:27.550 --> 00:08:30.550
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

00:08:30.550 --> 00:08:33.549
"I do not eat while reclining."

00:08:33.549 --> 00:08:35.580
Reported by al-Bukhari.

00:08:35.580 --> 00:08:39.100
Al-Khattabi said: The one reclining here

00:08:39.100 --> 00:08:43.100
is one sitting firmly leaning upon a cushion beneath him.

00:08:43.100 --> 00:08:48.100
He said: He meant that he does not sit on cushions and pillows

00:08:48.100 --> 00:08:51.100
like one who intends to consume large quantities of food;

00:08:51.100 --> 00:08:55.100
rather, he sits poised and ready to rise, not firmly settled on cushions,

00:08:55.100 --> 00:08:57.100
eating only enough to sustain himself.

00:08:57.100 --> 00:08:59.100
End of al-Khattabi's words.

00:08:59.100 --> 00:09:02.100
Others indicated that the one reclining

00:09:03.100 --> 00:09:05.100
is the one leaning on his side;

00:09:05.100 --> 00:09:07.100
and Allah knows best.

00:09:07.100 --> 00:09:10.899
*Al-Wita'* is a soft bedding or cushion.

00:09:10.899 --> 00:09:13.059
*Bulghah*

00:09:13.059 --> 00:09:16.059
means that which suffices and is meagerly adequate.

00:09:16.059 --> 00:09:18.759
Among the benefits of the hadith:

00:09:18.759 --> 00:09:22.049
The one reclining is the one leaning on his side;

00:09:22.049 --> 00:09:24.049
this is the correct view,

00:09:24.049 --> 00:09:28.049
and it is attested to by the statement of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)

00:09:28.049 --> 00:09:30.049
in the authentic hadith:

00:09:30.049 --> 00:09:32.049
"He was reclining, then he sat up,"

00:09:32.049 --> 00:09:35.049
meaning he was leaning on his side, then sat upright.

00:09:35.049 --> 00:09:36.049
Therefore,

00:09:36.049 --> 00:09:40.049
the first meaning mentioned by al-Khattabi is less preferable;

00:09:40.049 --> 00:09:42.049
and Allah knows best.

00:09:42.049 --> 00:09:45.500
One should eat sparingly

00:09:45.500 --> 00:09:48.500
and not consume beyond what is needed.

00:09:48.500 --> 00:09:50.980
Demonstrating humility when eating,

00:09:50.980 --> 00:09:53.980
and avoiding imitation of non-Arabs.

00:09:53.980 --> 00:09:58.100
On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

00:09:58.100 --> 00:10:01.100
"I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:10:01.100 --> 00:10:03.100
sitting in a squatting position

00:10:03.100 --> 00:10:05.100
eating dates."

00:10:05.100 --> 00:10:07.100
Reported by Muslim.

00:10:07.100 --> 00:10:11.320
The one squatting (*al-muq'i*) is one who rests his buttocks on the ground

00:10:11.320 --> 00:10:13.320
and keeps his shins upright.

00:10:13.320 --> 00:10:15.929
Among the benefits of the hadith:

00:10:15.929 --> 00:10:18.929
The permissibility of eating while squatting.

00:10:18.929 --> 00:10:25.389
Chapter: The recommendation of eating with three fingers,

00:10:25.389 --> 00:10:27.389
the recommendation of licking the fingers,

00:10:27.389 --> 00:10:30.389
the dislike of wiping them before licking them,

00:10:30.389 --> 00:10:33.389
the recommendation of licking the serving dish,

00:10:34.389 --> 00:10:37.389
picking up a dropped morsel and eating it,

00:10:37.389 --> 00:10:42.389
and wiping the hand after licking it on the forearm, foot, or similar.

00:10:42.389 --> 00:10:47.509
On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), who said:

00:10:47.509 --> 00:10:51.509
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

00:10:51.509 --> 00:10:54.509
"When one of you eats food,

00:10:54.509 --> 00:10:59.509
he should not wipe his fingers until he licks them or has them licked."

00:10:59.509 --> 00:11:01.509
Agreed upon.

00:11:01.509 --> 00:11:05.789
*Yal'aqaha* (with a fatha on the Ya)

00:11:05.789 --> 00:11:10.789
means he licks them himself to seek and obtain the blessing.

00:11:10.789 --> 00:11:12.789
*Yul'iqaha* (with a damma on the Ya)

00:11:12.789 --> 00:11:16.789
means he allows someone who is not repulsed by it to lick them.

00:11:16.789 --> 00:11:19.659
Among the benefits of the hadith:

00:11:19.659 --> 00:11:24.850
It contains a refutation of people whose intellects have been corrupted by luxury,

00:11:24.850 --> 00:11:28.850
who claimed that licking the fingers is a repulsive act.

00:11:28.850 --> 00:11:34.379
On the authority of Ka'b ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

00:11:34.379 --> 00:11:37.379
"I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:11:37.379 --> 00:11:40.379
eating with three fingers,

00:11:40.379 --> 00:11:42.379
and when he finished, he licked them."

00:11:42.379 --> 00:11:45.450
Reported by Muslim.

00:11:45.450 --> 00:11:48.090
Among the benefits derived from this hadith:

00:11:48.090 --> 00:11:51.149
It is recommended to eat with three fingers,

00:11:51.149 --> 00:11:55.149
without joining others to them unless necessary.

00:11:55.149 --> 00:11:58.629
Eating with three fingers

00:11:58.629 --> 00:12:01.629
demonstrates a lack of greed for food.

00:12:01.629 --> 00:12:03.629
Whoever does otherwise

00:12:03.629 --> 00:12:06.629
risks stuffing too much food into his mouth,

00:12:06.629 --> 00:12:09.629
which then crowds its passage to the stomach

00:12:09.629 --> 00:12:12.750
and causes him harm.

00:12:12.750 --> 00:12:14.750
On the authority of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:12:14.750 --> 00:12:17.750
the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:12:17.750 --> 00:12:20.750
commanded the licking of fingers and the wiping clean of the dish,

00:12:20.750 --> 00:12:22.750
and he said:

00:12:22.750 --> 00:12:26.750
"You do not know in which part of your food the blessing lies."

00:12:26.750 --> 00:12:30.519
[Related by Muslim]

00:12:30.519 --> 00:12:32.519
Among the benefits derived from this hadith:

00:12:32.519 --> 00:12:36.940
It is recommended to lick the fingers and wipe the dish clean,

00:12:36.940 --> 00:12:42.350
and not to treat carelessly even the small amount of food left on the hand or elsewhere.

00:12:42.350 --> 00:12:45.350
Blessing descends in the middle of the food,

00:12:45.350 --> 00:12:47.350
spreads throughout all of it,

00:12:47.350 --> 00:12:50.350
and remains until the very end.

00:12:50.350 --> 00:12:54.600
On the authority of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:12:54.600 --> 00:12:58.600
the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

00:12:58.600 --> 00:13:01.600
"If a morsel of food falls from one of you,

00:13:01.600 --> 00:13:02.600
let him pick it up,

00:13:02.600 --> 00:13:05.600
wipe away any dirt on it,

00:13:05.600 --> 00:13:07.600
and eat it,

00:13:07.600 --> 00:13:09.600
and not leave it for Satan.

00:13:09.600 --> 00:13:14.600
And he should not wipe his hand with a napkin until he licks his fingers,

00:13:14.600 --> 00:13:18.600
for he does not know in which part of his food the blessing lies."

00:13:18.600 --> 00:13:20.759
[Related by Muslim]

00:13:20.759 --> 00:13:24.529
Among the benefits derived from this hadith:

00:13:24.529 --> 00:13:27.879
It is permissible to use a napkin to wipe off food,

00:13:27.879 --> 00:13:29.879
but only after licking the fingers.

00:13:29.879 --> 00:13:34.909
This type of napkin is meant for removing remaining food from the body,

00:13:34.909 --> 00:13:39.909
which differs from a towel meant for drying oneself after washing.

00:13:39.909 --> 00:13:44.059
On the authority of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:13:44.059 --> 00:13:48.059
the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

00:13:48.059 --> 00:13:53.129
"Indeed, Satan attends every affair of one of you,

00:13:53.129 --> 00:13:56.129
even attending while he eats his food.

00:13:56.129 --> 00:13:59.129
So if a morsel falls from one of you,

00:13:59.129 --> 00:14:03.129
let him pick it up, wipe away any dirt on it,

00:14:03.129 --> 00:14:05.129
and then eat it,

00:14:05.129 --> 00:14:08.129
and not leave it for Satan.

00:14:08.129 --> 00:14:11.129
When he finishes, let him lick his fingers,

00:14:11.129 --> 00:14:16.129
for he does not know in which part of his food the blessing lies."

00:14:16.129 --> 00:14:18.289
[Related by Muslim]

00:14:18.289 --> 00:14:21.509
On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), he said:

00:14:21.509 --> 00:14:24.509
Whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:14:24.509 --> 00:14:26.509
finished eating food,

00:14:26.509 --> 00:14:28.509
he would lick his three fingers,

00:14:28.509 --> 00:14:30.509
and he said:

00:14:30.509 --> 00:14:34.539
"If a morsel falls from one of you, let him pick it up,

00:14:34.539 --> 00:14:36.539
wipe the dirt off it,

00:14:36.539 --> 00:14:38.539
and eat it,

00:14:38.539 --> 00:14:41.539
and not leave it for Satan."

00:14:41.539 --> 00:14:44.539
And he commanded us to wipe the dish clean,

00:14:44.539 --> 00:14:45.539
saying:

00:14:45.539 --> 00:14:49.539
"You do not know in which part of your food the blessing lies."

00:14:49.539 --> 00:14:51.700
[Related by Muslim]

00:14:51.700 --> 00:14:54.149
On the authority of Sa'id Ibn al-Harith,

00:14:54.149 --> 00:14:57.149
he asked Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him)

00:14:57.149 --> 00:15:00.149
about performing ablution after eating food touched by fire.

00:15:00.149 --> 00:15:02.149
Jabir replied:

00:15:02.149 --> 00:15:03.149
"No;

00:15:03.149 --> 00:15:06.149
during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

00:15:06.149 --> 00:15:10.149
we rarely found such food.

00:15:10.149 --> 00:15:12.149
And when we did find it,

00:15:12.149 --> 00:15:15.149
we had no napkins

00:15:15.149 --> 00:15:18.149
except our palms, forearms, and feet.

00:15:18.149 --> 00:15:21.149
Then we would pray without performing ablution."

00:15:22.149 --> 00:15:24.220
[Related by al-Bukhari]

00:15:24.220 --> 00:15:28.210
Among the benefits derived from this hadith:

00:15:28.210 --> 00:15:31.399
The abrogation of the ruling requiring ablution

00:15:31.399 --> 00:15:34.879
after eating food cooked over fire.

00:15:34.879 --> 00:15:37.879
The scarcity of food in the early era of prophethood,

00:15:37.879 --> 00:15:40.879
and the patience of the Prophet's Companions (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:15:40.879 --> 00:15:42.879
in enduring hardship and austerity

00:15:42.879 --> 00:15:44.879
to preserve their religion.

00:15:44.879 --> 00:15:49.230
The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:15:49.230 --> 00:15:53.230
considered religion far more important than food and drink.

00:15:53.230 --> 00:15:57.549
Using a napkin is permissible when available.

00:15:57.549 --> 00:16:02.320
*Riyadh al-Salihin*