WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:03.779 *Riyad al-Salihin* (The Meadows of the Righteous) 00:00:03.779 --> 00:00:06.780 From the words of the Master of the Messengers, 00:00:06.780 --> 00:00:09.779 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:16.789 Chapter: The Obligation to Obey Those in Authority in What Does Not Involve Disobedience, 00:00:16.789 --> 00:00:19.789 and the Prohibition of Obeying Them in Sin. 00:00:19.789 --> 00:00:24.350 Allah Almighty says: 00:00:24.350 --> 00:00:32.350 “O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the messenger and those of you who are in authority; and if ye have a dispute concerning any matter, refer it to Allah and the messenger if ye are (in truth) believers in Allah and the Last Day. That is better and more seemly in the end.” (4:59) 00:00:32.350 --> 00:00:36.789 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:00:36.789 --> 00:00:40.789 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:00:40.789 --> 00:00:45.789 "A Muslim is obligated to listen and obey in what he likes and dislikes, 00:00:45.789 --> 00:00:48.789 unless he is commanded to commit a sin. 00:00:48.789 --> 00:00:53.920 If he is commanded to commit a sin, there is no listening and no obedience." 00:00:53.920 --> 00:00:55.920 Agreed upon. 00:00:55.920 --> 00:00:58.939 "Listening and obedience" 00:00:58.939 --> 00:01:03.939 means acceptance and submission to the ruler in obedience to Allah. 00:01:03.939 --> 00:01:06.709 Among the lessons derived from the hadith: 00:01:06.709 --> 00:01:09.870 The obligation to obey the leader in every matter, 00:01:09.870 --> 00:01:12.870 whether it aligns with the person's desires or not, 00:01:12.870 --> 00:01:15.870 unless one is commanded to commit a sin, 00:01:15.870 --> 00:01:18.870 for there is no obedience to anyone who disobeys Allah. 00:01:18.870 --> 00:01:23.319 Personal desires and individual interests ought to be relinquished 00:01:23.319 --> 00:01:27.319 for the sake of the unity and solidarity of the Muslim Ummah. 00:01:27.319 --> 00:01:32.540 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:01:32.540 --> 00:01:39.540 "Whenever we pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to listen and obey, 00:01:39.540 --> 00:01:43.599 he would say to us: 'In what you are able to do.'" 00:01:43.599 --> 00:01:45.599 Agreed upon. 00:01:45.599 --> 00:01:48.430 Among the lessons derived from the hadith: 00:01:48.430 --> 00:01:53.689 The obligation of giving the pledge of allegiance to the leader of the Muslims to listen and obey. 00:01:53.689 --> 00:01:57.140 Obedience is contingent upon capability; 00:01:57.140 --> 00:02:00.140 thus, if the Caliph commands something unbearable 00:02:00.140 --> 00:02:02.140 that exceeds a person's capability, 00:02:03.140 --> 00:02:05.140 obedience is not incumbent upon him. 00:02:05.140 --> 00:02:09.650 The ruler ought to show compassion toward his subjects, 00:02:09.650 --> 00:02:17.030 following the example of the compassion and mercy of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) toward his Ummah. 00:02:17.030 --> 00:02:20.030 Prompting the wording during the pledge of allegiance is permissible. 00:02:20.030 --> 00:02:25.500 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:02:25.500 --> 00:02:29.500 I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: 00:02:29.500 --> 00:02:32.539 "Whoever withdraws a hand from obedience 00:02:32.539 --> 00:02:36.539 will meet Allah on the Day of Resurrection with no defense for himself, 00:02:36.539 --> 00:02:40.539 and whoever dies without having a pledge of allegiance upon his neck 00:02:40.539 --> 00:02:43.569 dies a death of the pre-Islamic Days of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah)." 00:02:43.569 --> 00:02:45.659 Reported by Muslim. 00:02:45.659 --> 00:02:47.659 In another narration of his: 00:02:47.659 --> 00:02:51.659 "And whoever dies while separating from the main body (Jama'ah), 00:02:51.659 --> 00:02:56.500 indeed dies a death of the pre-Islamic Days of Ignorance." 00:02:56.500 --> 00:02:58.500 "Withdraws a hand from obedience" 00:02:58.500 --> 00:03:00.500 means nullifying one's transaction and commitment, 00:03:00.500 --> 00:03:03.500 breaking one's pledge of allegiance by rebelling against the leader, 00:03:03.500 --> 00:03:07.500 and failing to submit to him in matters not involving sin. 00:03:07.500 --> 00:03:09.620 "With no defense for himself" 00:03:09.620 --> 00:03:12.620 means he will have no valid excuse for breaching his covenant. 00:03:12.879 --> 00:03:14.879 "A death of the pre-Islamic Days of Ignorance" 00:03:14.879 --> 00:03:17.879 means he dies in a state of misguidance and ignorance, 00:03:17.879 --> 00:03:20.879 just as the people of Jahiliyyah used to die, 00:03:20.879 --> 00:03:24.879 for they would never submit to the authority of a leader 00:03:24.879 --> 00:03:27.879 and regarded doing so as a disgrace. 00:03:27.879 --> 00:03:30.009 "Separating from the main body" 00:03:30.009 --> 00:03:37.009 means diverging from the Muslims regarding the pledge and obedience to the ruling leader based on listening and obeying. 00:03:37.009 --> 00:03:40.939 Among the lessons derived from the hadith: 00:03:40.939 --> 00:03:45.939 The obligation of adhering to the main body of Muslims and pledging allegiance to their leader. 00:03:46.189 --> 00:03:49.189 Whoever deposes the leader and breaks the pledge of allegiance 00:03:49.189 --> 00:03:52.189 has committed an act among the major sins 00:03:52.189 --> 00:03:55.189 and has resembled the ways of the people of Jahiliyyah. 00:03:55.189 --> 00:04:00.800 The Ummah is obligated to appoint a Caliph who establishes them upon the law of Allah, 00:04:00.800 --> 00:04:02.800 upholds His religion among them, 00:04:02.800 --> 00:04:04.800 and protects their integrity, 00:04:04.800 --> 00:04:08.800 because the leader is a shield behind whom fighting is conducted. 00:04:08.800 --> 00:04:13.919 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:04:13.919 --> 00:04:16.920 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:04:16.920 --> 00:04:19.920 "Listen and obey, 00:04:19.920 --> 00:04:22.920 even if an Abyssinian slave is appointed over you 00:04:22.920 --> 00:04:25.920 whose head is like a raisin." 00:04:25.920 --> 00:04:27.920 Reported by al-Bukhari. 00:04:29.779 --> 00:04:33.910 "Appointed over you" means made a leader over you. 00:04:33.910 --> 00:04:35.910 "His head is like a raisin" 00:04:35.910 --> 00:04:38.910 means dark, small, and having crisp, curly hair. 00:04:38.910 --> 00:04:41.139 "An Abyssinian slave" 00:04:41.139 --> 00:04:44.970 means an enslaved black person. 00:04:44.970 --> 00:04:46.970 Among the lessons derived from the hadith: 00:04:46.970 --> 00:04:52.160 The obligation to listen and obey the ruler in whatever does not involve sin, 00:04:52.160 --> 00:04:56.769 regardless of his color or ethnic origin. 00:04:56.769 --> 00:04:59.769 The prayer led by an enslaved person or a freed slave is valid 00:04:59.769 --> 00:05:02.769 if he is the best reciter of the Book of Allah among the people, 00:05:02.769 --> 00:05:04.769 since obedience to him was commanded; 00:05:04.769 --> 00:05:07.769 hence, praying behind him is valid. 00:05:07.769 --> 00:05:12.279 It is forbidden to rebel against the ruler even if he is unjust, 00:05:12.279 --> 00:05:17.279 because rising against him usually leads to worse consequences than what is being denounced in him. 00:05:17.279 --> 00:05:22.459 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:05:22.459 --> 00:05:26.459 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:05:26.459 --> 00:05:30.459 "You must listen and obey in your hardship and your ease, 00:05:30.459 --> 00:05:34.459 in what you find pleasing and what you dislike, and even when others are favored over you." 00:05:34.459 --> 00:05:36.750 Reported by Muslim. 00:05:36.750 --> 00:05:39.579 "Your hardship and your ease" 00:05:39.579 --> 00:05:41.579 means your poverty and your wealth. 00:05:41.579 --> 00:05:43.779 "What you find pleasing and what you dislike" 00:05:43.779 --> 00:05:46.779 means what you love and what you hate. 00:05:46.779 --> 00:05:48.839 "When others are favored over you" 00:05:48.839 --> 00:05:52.839 refers to monopolizing and taking exclusive possession of worldly matters. 00:05:52.839 --> 00:05:55.579 Among the lessons derived from the hadith: 00:05:55.579 --> 00:05:58.899 The obligation of obedience under all circumstances, 00:05:59.899 --> 00:06:04.899 as long as one is not commanded to sin or burdened beyond what one can bear. 00:06:04.899 --> 00:06:09.310 A foretelling of rulers monopolizing worldly gains 00:06:09.310 --> 00:06:14.310 and withholding from their subjects their rights out of what is in their possession. 00:06:14.310 --> 00:06:19.370 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:06:19.370 --> 00:06:24.370 "We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) on a journey, 00:06:24.370 --> 00:06:26.370 and we stopped to camp at a place. 00:06:26.370 --> 00:06:29.370 Some of us were pitching their tents, 00:06:29.370 --> 00:06:31.370 others were competing in archery, 00:06:31.370 --> 00:06:34.370 and others were attending to their pasturing animals, 00:06:34.370 --> 00:06:39.370 when the caller of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) announced: 00:06:39.370 --> 00:06:41.370 'The prayer is about to gather the people!' 00:06:41.370 --> 00:06:46.399 So we gathered around the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:06:46.399 --> 00:06:47.399 and he said: 00:06:47.399 --> 00:06:50.399 'There was never a prophet before me 00:06:50.399 --> 00:06:56.399 except that it was an obligation upon him to guide his nation to the best of what he knew for them, 00:06:56.399 --> 00:07:00.399 and to warn them against the worst of what he knew for them. 00:07:00.399 --> 00:07:05.459 Indeed, this nation of yours has had its well-being placed in its early part, 00:07:05.459 --> 00:07:10.459 and its latter part will be afflicted with trials and matters you will detest. 00:07:10.459 --> 00:07:15.459 Tribulations will arrive, each making the previous one seem insignificant, 00:07:15.459 --> 00:07:17.459 and tribulations will come 00:07:17.459 --> 00:07:20.459 so that the believer will say: "This is my destruction!" 00:07:20.459 --> 00:07:22.459 Then it will pass away, 00:07:22.459 --> 00:07:24.459 and further tribulations will come 00:07:24.459 --> 00:07:26.459 so that the tribulations arrive 00:07:26.459 --> 00:07:29.660 and the believer will say: "This is the one! This is the one!" 00:07:29.660 --> 00:07:34.660 Whoever would love to be drawn away from the Fire and admitted into Paradise, 00:07:34.660 --> 00:07:39.660 let his death come to him while he believes in Allah and the Last Day, 00:07:39.660 --> 00:07:44.660 and let him treat people the way he loves to be treated. 00:07:44.660 --> 00:07:48.660 And whoever pledges allegiance to an Imam, giving him the clasp of his hand 00:07:48.660 --> 00:07:50.660 and the sincere commitment of his heart, 00:07:50.660 --> 00:07:52.660 let him obey him if he can; 00:07:52.660 --> 00:07:54.660 and if another comes to dispute with him, 00:07:54.660 --> 00:07:57.850 then strike the neck of that other.'" 00:07:57.850 --> 00:08:00.389 Reported by Muslim. 00:08:00.389 --> 00:08:02.389 His saying: "competing in archery" (*yantadhil*) 00:08:02.389 --> 00:08:06.490 means competing in shooting arrows and bolts. 00:08:06.490 --> 00:08:08.490 And *al-jashar* 00:08:08.490 --> 00:08:12.680 refers to grazing livestock that pasture and remain outdoors overnight. 00:08:12.680 --> 00:08:15.680 His saying: "each making the previous one seem insignificant" 00:08:15.680 --> 00:08:18.680 means some of them will make the others appear minor; 00:08:18.680 --> 00:08:21.680 that is, light in comparison to the enormity of what follows, 00:08:21.680 --> 00:08:24.709 the second making the first appear trivial; 00:08:24.709 --> 00:08:28.709 and it is also said to mean that they entice one another 00:08:28.709 --> 00:08:31.779 through embellishment and temptation; 00:08:31.779 --> 00:08:36.289 and it is said that they will resemble one another. 00:08:36.289 --> 00:08:37.289 "A place to camp" (*manzil*) 00:08:37.289 --> 00:08:40.379 means a location where we halt to rest. 00:08:40.379 --> 00:08:41.379 "Tent" (*khiba'*) 00:08:41.379 --> 00:08:43.379 means that which offers shelter, 00:08:43.379 --> 00:08:47.379 which is made of camel hair, goat hair, or wool, 00:08:47.379 --> 00:08:50.379 pitched on two or three poles; 00:08:50.379 --> 00:08:53.379 if it has more than that, it is called a house (*bayt*). 00:08:53.379 --> 00:08:55.379 "Its well-being" 00:08:55.379 --> 00:08:58.379 means its safety from tribulations. 00:08:58.379 --> 00:08:59.379 "In its early part" 00:08:59.379 --> 00:09:03.480 means during the first three favored generations. 00:09:03.480 --> 00:09:04.480 "Its latter part" 00:09:04.480 --> 00:09:07.480 means what follows the first three generations. 00:09:07.480 --> 00:09:08.480 "Trials" (*bala'*) 00:09:08.480 --> 00:09:11.639 means tribulations and afflictions. 00:09:11.639 --> 00:09:12.639 "Matters" 00:09:12.639 --> 00:09:18.899 means newly invented, innovated things contrary to the Sharia. 00:09:18.899 --> 00:09:19.899 "My destruction" 00:09:19.899 --> 00:09:21.899 means that wherein lies my ruin. 00:09:21.899 --> 00:09:23.929 "Drawn away" (*yuzahzah*) 00:09:23.929 --> 00:09:25.929 means set aside and removed far away. 00:09:25.929 --> 00:09:28.059 "Let his death come to him" 00:09:28.059 --> 00:09:33.059 means let him ensure that death reaches him while in this described state. 00:09:33.059 --> 00:09:35.279 "Let him treat" (*li-ya'ti*) 00:09:35.279 --> 00:09:37.279 means let him give and offer. 00:09:37.279 --> 00:09:38.279 "Clasp of his hand" (*safqah*) 00:09:38.279 --> 00:09:41.279 means striking hand upon hand, 00:09:41.279 --> 00:09:45.279 which the Arabs used to do when concluding a sale, 00:09:45.279 --> 00:09:47.279 and it was later used for making a binding contract. 00:09:47.279 --> 00:09:49.470 "The sincere commitment of his heart" 00:09:49.470 --> 00:09:51.470 means his deep resolve and firm intention. 00:09:51.470 --> 00:09:53.500 "Disputes with him" 00:09:53.500 --> 00:09:57.500 means rebels against his obedience seeking rule for himself. 00:09:57.500 --> 00:09:59.820 "Then strike the neck" 00:09:59.820 --> 00:10:02.049 means kill him. 00:10:02.049 --> 00:10:03.049 *Al-Nabl* 00:10:03.049 --> 00:10:05.049 means Arab arrows. 00:10:05.049 --> 00:10:07.110 *Al-Nushshab* 00:10:07.110 --> 00:10:09.110 means arrows in general. 00:10:10.820 --> 00:10:13.009 Among the lessons derived from the hadith: 00:10:13.009 --> 00:10:15.009 The recommendation to gather the Ummah 00:10:15.009 --> 00:10:20.009 to inform them of what concerns them in their worldly life and their Hereafter. 00:10:20.009 --> 00:10:24.519 The prophets and messengers, may the blessings and peace of Allah be upon them, 00:10:24.519 --> 00:10:28.519 guide their communities only toward goodness and uprightness, 00:10:28.519 --> 00:10:32.519 and warn them against evil and harm. 00:10:32.519 --> 00:10:35.519 Likewise, the inheritors of the prophets must be 00:10:35.519 --> 00:10:40.519 alerting the Ummah against every evil and darkness. 00:10:40.519 --> 00:10:44.940 The hadith is among the proofs of his Prophethood (peace be upon him), 00:10:44.940 --> 00:10:48.940 as he informed his Ummah about what would afflict its latter generations 00:10:48.940 --> 00:10:51.940 of trials, afflictions, and tribulations, 00:10:51.940 --> 00:10:54.940 each closely succeeding the other, 00:10:54.940 --> 00:10:58.940 every tribulation being more heinous and terrible than the one before it; 00:10:58.940 --> 00:11:04.940 and all of this is witnessed today just as the Chosen One (peace be upon him) foretold. 00:11:04.940 --> 00:11:07.379 The latter part of this Ummah 00:11:07.379 --> 00:11:12.379 he will deviate from the methodology of the salaf (early generations), wherein lies safety from tribulations, 00:11:12.379 --> 00:11:14.379 protection from misguidance, 00:11:14.379 --> 00:11:16.379 and guidance from error. 00:11:17.379 --> 00:11:21.899 The believer safeguards his religion and maintains his principled authenticity, 00:11:21.899 --> 00:11:23.899 so he does not plunge into tribulations, 00:11:23.899 --> 00:11:27.899 nor is he swept away by the current of corruption and depravity. 00:11:27.899 --> 00:11:32.440 Adorning oneself with noble character and adhering to Tawhid 00:11:32.440 --> 00:11:37.440 protects the servant from the evil of tribulations and saves him from Hellfire. 00:11:37.440 --> 00:11:41.789 The obligation of obeying the ruler and fulfilling the pledge of allegiance; 00:11:41.789 --> 00:11:45.240 the obligation of fighting the rebellious faction 00:11:45.240 --> 00:11:52.240 that revolts against the ruler, breaches the bond of obedience, and divides the unity of the Muslims; 00:11:52.240 --> 00:11:56.240 and that is in order to preserve the united front of the Muslim community 00:11:56.240 --> 00:11:59.240 and prevent the fracturing of their unity. 00:11:59.240 --> 00:12:06.230 On the authority of Abu Hunaidah Wa'il Ibn Hujr (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:12:06.230 --> 00:12:12.230 Salamah Ibn Yazid al-Ju'fi asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:12:12.230 --> 00:12:15.230 saying, "O Prophet of Allah, 00:12:15.230 --> 00:12:18.230 what is your view if rulers are appointed over us 00:12:18.230 --> 00:12:22.230 who demand their rights from us while withholding our rights from us? 00:12:22.230 --> 00:12:24.230 What do you command us to do?" 00:12:24.230 --> 00:12:26.230 The Prophet turned away from him. 00:12:26.230 --> 00:12:28.230 Then he asked him again, 00:12:28.230 --> 00:12:32.230 so the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:12:32.230 --> 00:12:34.230 "Listen and obey, 00:12:34.230 --> 00:12:37.230 for they are only responsible for what is placed upon them, 00:12:37.230 --> 00:12:40.230 and you are responsible for what is placed upon you." 00:12:41.230 --> 00:12:43.230 Narrated by Muslim. 00:12:43.230 --> 00:12:46.000 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:12:46.000 --> 00:12:51.259 The obligation of obeying the ruler, even if he falls short in his duty, 00:12:51.259 --> 00:12:55.259 in order to preserve stability in society and ward off tribulations. 00:12:55.259 --> 00:12:58.669 The negligence of rulers in fulfilling their duties 00:12:58.669 --> 00:13:02.669 does not justify the people's negligence in fulfilling their obligations, 00:13:02.669 --> 00:13:05.669 for an anomaly is not cured by another anomaly. 00:13:05.669 --> 00:13:11.149 Everyone is accountable for their own deeds and answerable for their shortcomings. 00:13:11.149 --> 00:13:16.240 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:13:16.240 --> 00:13:20.240 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:13:20.240 --> 00:13:26.240 "Indeed, after me there will be selfishness and matters that you will disapprove of." 00:13:26.240 --> 00:13:28.240 They said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:13:28.240 --> 00:13:32.240 what do you command those of us who live to see that to do?" 00:13:32.240 --> 00:13:33.240 He said: 00:13:33.240 --> 00:13:36.240 "Fulfill the right that is due upon you, 00:13:36.240 --> 00:13:39.240 and ask Allah for that which is due to you." 00:13:39.240 --> 00:13:41.299 Agreed upon. 00:13:41.299 --> 00:13:43.850 "Selfishness" (atharah): 00:13:43.850 --> 00:13:46.850 meaning the rulers monopolizing worldly gains, 00:13:46.850 --> 00:13:49.850 withholding the distribution of rights to the Muslims, 00:13:49.850 --> 00:13:53.850 and favoring some over others in grants. 00:13:53.850 --> 00:13:57.460 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:13:57.460 --> 00:14:01.870 Rulers must maintain justice among their subjects. 00:14:01.870 --> 00:14:07.129 Those in authority are obligated to deliver rights to their rightful owners 00:14:07.129 --> 00:14:09.129 and not consume the wealth of the people, 00:14:09.129 --> 00:14:14.129 usurp their rights, or enrich themselves at the expense of the subjects. 00:14:14.129 --> 00:14:19.610 Rulers and leaders will introduce matters contrary to the Law of Allah. 00:14:19.610 --> 00:14:22.990 A wrong is not remedied by another wrong like it; 00:14:22.990 --> 00:14:27.990 thus, whoever is deprived of his right and wronged should seek his reward with Allah, 00:14:27.990 --> 00:14:30.990 and turn to Him for justice against the oppressor, 00:14:30.990 --> 00:14:35.990 yet he must still fulfill the obligations incumbent upon him. 00:14:35.990 --> 00:14:41.080 On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:14:41.080 --> 00:14:45.080 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:14:45.080 --> 00:14:49.080 "Whoever obeys me has indeed obeyed Allah, 00:14:49.080 --> 00:14:52.080 and whoever disobeys me has indeed disobeyed Allah. 00:14:52.080 --> 00:14:56.139 And whoever obeys the leader has indeed obeyed me, 00:14:56.139 --> 00:14:59.139 and whoever disobeys the leader has indeed disobeyed me." 00:14:59.139 --> 00:15:02.179 Agreed upon. 00:15:02.179 --> 00:15:06.009 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:15:06.009 --> 00:15:09.009 Hearing and obeying is obligatory toward the supreme leader 00:15:09.009 --> 00:15:13.009 and whoever the leader appoints with specific authority. 00:15:13.009 --> 00:15:18.519 Obeying those in authority in what is good is an act of drawing near to Allah for which a person is rewarded, 00:15:18.519 --> 00:15:22.870 “Whoso obeyeth the messenger hath obeyed Allah, and whoso turneth away: We have not sent thee as a warder over them.” (4:80) 00:15:22.870 --> 00:15:27.870 because the Messenger (peace be upon him) commands obedience to Allah, the Glorified, 00:15:27.870 --> 00:15:33.870 and Allah has commanded obedience to His Messenger (peace be upon him). 00:15:33.870 --> 00:15:37.960 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), 00:15:37.960 --> 00:15:41.960 that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:15:41.960 --> 00:15:46.960 "Whoever sees something from his ruler that he dislikes, let him be patient, 00:15:46.960 --> 00:15:49.960 for indeed, whoever steps outside the authority of the ruler by even a handspan 00:15:49.960 --> 00:15:52.960 dies a death of the days of ignorance (Jahiliyyah)." 00:15:52.960 --> 00:15:56.059 Agreed upon. 00:15:56.059 --> 00:15:59.860 "Something", meaning other than open, manifest disbelief. 00:15:59.860 --> 00:16:02.139 "A handspan": 00:16:02.139 --> 00:16:05.139 a metaphor for even a slight act of defiance. 00:16:05.139 --> 00:16:08.980 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:16:08.980 --> 00:16:12.330 Exercising patience over the deviation of those in authority, 00:16:12.330 --> 00:16:16.330 while still offering sincere advice to them according to one's ability. 00:16:16.330 --> 00:16:19.870 Discouraging rebellion against legitimate authority 00:16:19.870 --> 00:16:24.870 due to the widespread harm it entails for the Muslims. 00:16:24.870 --> 00:16:29.899 On the authority of Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:16:29.899 --> 00:16:34.899 I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) saying: 00:16:34.899 --> 00:16:38.899 "Whoever humiliates the ruler, Allah will humiliate him." 00:16:38.899 --> 00:16:41.960 Narrated by al-Tirmidhi. 00:16:41.960 --> 00:16:44.730 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:16:44.730 --> 00:16:48.110 The hadith points to a profound principle, 00:16:48.110 --> 00:16:53.110 which is venerating people of status among scholars, caliphs, and rulers, 00:16:53.110 --> 00:16:56.110 so that they retain reverence in the hearts of the people, 00:16:56.110 --> 00:16:59.110 whereby they are listened to and their orders are obeyed, 00:16:59.110 --> 00:17:05.109 and those seeking discord and fracturing the Muslim community do not dare challenge them. 00:17:05.109 --> 00:17:11.529 This meaning from the hadith is indicated by his statement (peace be upon him): 00:17:11.529 --> 00:17:15.529 "Whoever wishes to advise a ruler regarding a matter, 00:17:15.529 --> 00:17:18.529 let him not disclose it to him publicly, 00:17:18.529 --> 00:17:20.529 but rather take him by his hand 00:17:20.529 --> 00:17:22.529 and be alone with him. 00:17:22.529 --> 00:17:24.529 If he accepts it from him, then so be it; 00:17:24.529 --> 00:17:28.529 and if not, he has fulfilled the obligation due from him toward him." 00:17:28.529 --> 00:17:32.690 Riyad al-Salihin.