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Riyad al-Salihin from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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Chapter: The Virtue of Jihad.

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Narrated Salamah Ibn al-Akwa‘, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed by a group of people who were practicing archery.

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He said, "Shoot, O children of Isma‘il, for your father was an archer."

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Narrated by al-Bukhari.

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"Practicing archery" (yantadilun):

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Meaning they were shooting arrows at a target to compete.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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An ancestor can be referred to as "father."

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For the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, attributed them to Isma‘il, peace be upon him.

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Commending one who is skilled in their craft.

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By highlighting their excellence.

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And comforting the hearts of those who are less skilled.

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The excellent character of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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And his knowledge of matters of warfare.

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The desirability of following the praiseworthy traits of one's forefathers.

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And acting upon them.

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The excellent manners of the Companions toward the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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The just leader:

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Looks after his Ummah.

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And encourages them to learn what benefits them.

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And encourages them to learn the arts of war to defend their religion.

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Narrated ‘Amr Ibn ‘Abasah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, say:

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"Whoever shoots an arrow in the way of Allah,

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It is for him equivalent to freeing a slave."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.

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"Equivalent" (‘adl) means equal.

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"Freeing a slave" (muharriruhu):

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Means the emancipation of a neck.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Encouraging the Muslims to engage in Jihad in the way of Allah.

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And glorifying the matter of Jihad and the Mujahidin.

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Narrated Abu Yahya,

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Quraym Ibn Fatik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"Whoever spends in the way of Allah,

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It is recorded for him seven hundred times over."

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Narrated by al-Tirmidhi.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Spending in the way of Allah is multiplied up to seven hundred times.

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Narrated Abu Sa‘id, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"There is no servant who fasts one day in the way of Allah,

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Except that Allah distances his face from the Fire by that day for seventy years."

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Agreed upon.

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Narrated Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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From the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said:

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"Whoever fasts one day in the way of Allah,

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Allah will place between him and the Fire a trench,

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Like that between the heavens and the earth."

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Narrated by al-Tirmidhi.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Some scholars interpret this hadith and others like it

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As referring to fasting on the battlefields.

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However, this is not the apparent meaning.

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For fasting, in any case,

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Is in the way of Allah.

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And the hadith is applied to this.

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Fasting on the battlefields of Jihad:

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If it affects the strength and energy of the soldiers,

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Then it is not recommended.

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Narrated Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"Whoever dies without having fought, nor having resolved to fight,

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Dies upon a branch of hypocrisy."

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Narrated by Muslim.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The leader must urge his subjects to prepare for Jihad.

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And not to become accustomed to cowardice and fear of meeting the enemy.

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Sincerely resolving to engage in Jihad

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Elevates the servant to the station of the people of faith.

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And it contains the fact that the least of Jihad

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Is occupying one's thoughts and soul with it.

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Whoever does not resolve to engage in Jihad and does not fight,

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Possesses a trait of hypocrisy.

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Narrated Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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We were with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, on a military expedition,

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And he said:

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"Indeed, in Madinah there are men; you have not traveled a distance,

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Nor crossed a valley,

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But they were with you."

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They were held back by illness.

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In another narration: "They were held back by an excuse."

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In another narration: "Except that they shared in the reward with you."

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Narrated by al-Bukhari from the narration of Anas.

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And narrated by Muslim from the narration of Jabir.

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And the wording is his.

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Narrated Abu Musa, may Allah be pleased with him,

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That a Bedouin came to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and said:

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"O Messenger of Allah,

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A man fights for spoils,

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A man fights to be remembered,

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And a man fights to be seen in his place."

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In another narration:

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"He fights out of bravery, and he fights out of tribal zeal."

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In another narration:

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"And he fights out of anger."

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"So who is in the way of Allah?"

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"Whoever fights so that the word of Allah may be supreme,

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He is in the way of Allah."

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Agreed upon.

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Narrated ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Amr Ibn al-‘As, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"There is no raiding party or army that goes out, takes spoils, and returns safely,

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But they have already received two-thirds of their rewards.

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And there is no raiding party or army that fails and is afflicted,

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But their rewards are complete."

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Narrated by Muslim.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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If the warriors return safely or take spoils,

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Their reward is less than the reward of those who did not return safely, or returned safely but took no spoils.

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And that the spoils are in exchange for a portion of the reward of their fighting.

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So if they obtain them,

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They have received two-thirds of their reward resulting from the fighting.

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And these spoils are part of the total reward.

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This hadith is in agreement with the authentic, well-known hadiths from the Companions,

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In their saying:

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"Some of us died and did not consume anything of their reward,

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And some of us have had their fruit ripen,

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And they are harvesting it."

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Meaning: gathering it.

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The highest degrees of Jihad:

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Is for one who goes out and does not return.

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Narrated Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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That a man said: "O Messenger of Allah,

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Give me permission to travel as a monk."

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"The monasticism of my Ummah

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Is Jihad in the way of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud.

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"Monasticism" (siyahah):

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Leaving one's homeland and wandering the earth.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Wandering the earth is among the innovations of the Christians,

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Like monasticism.

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The monasticism of this Ummah

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Is guarding the frontiers,

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To defend the sanctuary of Islam,

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And to protect the community of the Muslims

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From the lurking enemies.

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Islam transforms prevailing concepts

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Into elements of construction and virtue,

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And cooperation in righteousness and piety.

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Narrated ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Amr Ibn al-‘As, may Allah be pleased with them both,

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From the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said:

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"Returning is like going out."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud.

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"Returning" (al-qaflah):

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Coming back.

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And the intent is:

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Returning from the military expedition after its completion.

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Its meaning is that he is rewarded for his return after finishing the expedition.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The Mujahid in the way of Allah is rewarded and attains merit in both going and returning.

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Narrated al-Sa'ib Ibn Yazid, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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When the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, returned from the expedition of Tabuk,

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The people met him,

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And I met him with the children at Thaniyat al-Wada‘.

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Narrated by Abu Dawud with this wording.

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And it was narrated by al-Bukhari, who said:

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"We went to meet the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, with the children at Thaniyat al-Wada‘."

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A "thaniyah" is an elevated place on the earth.

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And Thaniyat al-Wada‘ is a place near Madinah to its north.

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It was named that because the traveler is seen off and bid farewell there.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The desirability of welcoming the warriors upon their return from military expeditions and Jihad in the way of Allah.

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Narrated Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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From the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said:

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"Whoever does not fight, nor equips a warrior,

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Nor looks after a warrior's family well in his absence,

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Allah will strike him with a calamity before the Day of Resurrection."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The prohibition of abandoning Jihad and the severity of the punishment for that.

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The obligation of preparation and readiness for military expeditions and Jihad in the way of Allah.

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The obligation of preserving the internal front of the Muslim society,

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And protecting the honor and families of the Mujahidin in the way of Allah.

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The Muslim society is a society of solidarity and cooperation in righteousness and piety,

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Because it is like a structure, parts of which strengthen others.

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Narrated Anas, may Allah be pleased with him,

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That the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"Strive against the polytheists with your wealth, your lives, and your tongues."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Striving against the polytheists by every legitimate means

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Is an obligation upon everyone capable.

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Jihad is performed with wealth, self, and tongue.

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As for wealth:

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It is by providing it to the Mujahidin,

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And helping them equip themselves to meet the enemies of Allah.

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As for the self:

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It is the going out of every responsible Muslim capable of carrying weapons,

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Who is not excused by a legal excuse that permits him to refrain from meeting the enemy.

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As for the tongue:

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It is by supplication and praising the Mujahidin,

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and inciting them and working to keep them steadfast.

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It is forbidden to provide the enemies of Islam with money or manpower.

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Likewise, it is forbidden to praise them or boast about them.

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Rather, one must condemn them and belittle their status.

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And one must expose their evil traits by every possible means.

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On the authority of Abu 'Amr,

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also known as Abu Hakim,

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al-Nu'man ibn Muqarrin, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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"I witnessed the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him;

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if he did not fight at the beginning of the day,

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he would delay the fighting until the sun had passed its zenith,

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the winds began to blow, and victory descended."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.

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Among the benefits of the hadith:

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The permissibility of delaying fighting until the latter part of the day.

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It is recommended for an army commander to choose appropriate times

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when the soldiers are at their full strength and vigor,

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so that their efforts may be multiplied and their engagement improved.

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If it is a surprise raid,

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it is preferred that it be in the morning.

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But if it is a direct confrontation,

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then it should be after the sun has passed its zenith and the winds have begun to blow.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"Do not wish to meet the enemy,

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and ask Allah for well-being.

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But if you do meet them, then be steadfast."

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Agreed upon.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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and on the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both,

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that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"War is deception."

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Agreed upon.

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"Deception" means outwitting the disbelievers.

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Among the benefits of the hadith:

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The encouragement to exercise caution in war.

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The recommendation to deceive the disbelievers to catch them off guard.

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This is done through indirect speech, ambushes, and surprise raids.

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The permissibility of using strategy and consultation in war.

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Indeed, it is even more vital than mere bravery.

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Riyad al-Salihin.