WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.580 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.580 --> 00:00:06.410 Ifadah Center 00:00:06.410 --> 00:00:09.609 for Humanities Studies and Research 00:00:09.609 --> 00:00:10.910 presents 00:00:10.910 --> 00:00:16.210 The Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari 00:00:16.210 --> 00:00:21.929 Chapter: The Statement of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: 00:00:21.929 --> 00:00:25.929 "How many a person conveyed to may understand better than the one who heard it." 00:00:25.929 --> 00:00:29.789 On the authority of Abu Bakrah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:00:29.789 --> 00:00:33.789 from the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said: 00:00:33.789 --> 00:00:40.950 "Time has completed its cycle to the state it was in on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. 00:00:40.950 --> 00:00:44.340 The year is twelve months, 00:00:44.340 --> 00:00:46.840 of which four are sacred: 00:00:46.840 --> 00:00:49.340 three are consecutive: 00:00:49.340 --> 00:00:50.840 Dhu al-Qa'dah, 00:00:50.840 --> 00:00:52.340 Dhu al-Hijjah, 00:00:52.340 --> 00:00:54.340 and al-Muharram, 00:00:54.340 --> 00:00:55.840 and Rajab of Mudar, 00:00:55.840 --> 00:00:59.340 which is between Jumada and Sha'ban." 00:01:00.119 --> 00:01:02.619 "What month is this?" 00:01:02.619 --> 00:01:04.120 We said, 00:01:04.120 --> 00:01:07.620 "Allah and His Messenger know best." 00:01:07.620 --> 00:01:08.620 He remained silent 00:01:08.620 --> 00:01:13.780 until we thought he would name it by a name other than its own. 00:01:13.780 --> 00:01:14.780 He said, 00:01:14.780 --> 00:01:17.319 "Is it not Dhu al-Hijjah?" 00:01:17.319 --> 00:01:19.510 We said, "Yes." 00:01:19.510 --> 00:01:20.510 He said, 00:01:20.510 --> 00:01:23.069 "What city is this?" 00:01:23.069 --> 00:01:24.569 We said, 00:01:24.569 --> 00:01:27.569 "Allah and His Messenger know best." 00:01:27.569 --> 00:01:29.069 He remained silent 00:01:29.069 --> 00:01:34.260 until we thought he would name it by a name other than its own. 00:01:34.260 --> 00:01:35.260 He said, 00:01:35.260 --> 00:01:37.260 "Is it not the Sacred City?" 00:01:37.260 --> 00:01:39.329 We said, "Yes." 00:01:39.329 --> 00:01:41.079 He said, 00:01:41.079 --> 00:01:43.579 "What day is this?" 00:01:43.579 --> 00:01:45.180 We said, 00:01:45.180 --> 00:01:48.780 "Allah and His Messenger know best." 00:01:48.780 --> 00:01:50.280 He remained silent 00:01:50.280 --> 00:01:55.500 until we thought he would name it by a name other than its own. 00:01:55.500 --> 00:01:57.000 He said, 00:01:57.000 --> 00:01:59.530 "Is it not the Day of Sacrifice?" 00:01:59.530 --> 00:02:01.560 We said, "Yes." 00:02:01.560 --> 00:02:03.060 He said, 00:02:03.060 --> 00:02:09.060 "Indeed, your blood, your wealth, and your honor are as sacred to you 00:02:09.060 --> 00:02:11.560 as the sanctity of this day of yours, 00:02:11.560 --> 00:02:14.060 in this city of yours, 00:02:14.060 --> 00:02:16.659 in this month of yours. 00:02:16.659 --> 00:02:19.159 You will meet your Lord, 00:02:19.159 --> 00:02:22.159 and He will ask you about your deeds. 00:02:22.159 --> 00:02:26.159 Beware, do not return after me as disbelievers, 00:02:26.159 --> 00:02:29.949 striking the necks of one another. 00:02:29.949 --> 00:02:33.509 Let those who are present convey to those who are absent, 00:02:33.509 --> 00:02:36.509 for perhaps some of those to whom it is conveyed 00:02:36.509 --> 00:02:40.740 will understand it better than some of those who heard it directly." 00:02:40.740 --> 00:02:42.740 Then he said, 00:02:42.740 --> 00:02:44.740 "Have I not conveyed? 00:02:44.740 --> 00:02:47.240 Have I not conveyed?" 00:02:47.240 --> 00:02:49.599 (He said this twice). 00:02:49.599 --> 00:02:53.050 Commentary on the hadith: 00:02:53.050 --> 00:02:57.050 Chapter: The Statement of the Prophet, peace be upon him: 00:02:57.050 --> 00:03:00.050 "How many a person conveyed to may understand better than the one who heard it." 00:03:00.050 --> 00:03:05.110 This chapter serves to highlight the permissibility of receiving knowledge from someone who is not a jurist (faqih), 00:03:05.110 --> 00:03:08.340 provided that one accurately retains what is being narrated. 00:03:08.340 --> 00:03:14.340 "Time has completed its cycle to the state it was in on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth." 00:03:14.340 --> 00:03:18.430 The Arabs used to postpone al-Muharram to Safar 00:03:18.430 --> 00:03:20.430 in order to fight during it, 00:03:20.430 --> 00:03:22.430 and they would do this every year, 00:03:22.430 --> 00:03:26.430 so al-Muharram would shift from one month to another, 00:03:26.430 --> 00:03:29.430 until they had placed it in every month of the year. 00:03:29.430 --> 00:03:35.500 When that year arrived in which the Prophet, peace be upon him, performed the Hajj, 00:03:35.500 --> 00:03:43.330 the month of al-Muharram returned to its original position as it was on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. 00:03:43.330 --> 00:03:46.330 "Do not return after me as disbelievers," 00:03:46.330 --> 00:03:49.780 meaning: deviating from the path of truth. 00:03:49.780 --> 00:03:52.780 "Striking the necks of one another," 00:03:52.780 --> 00:03:58.810 meaning: you will become combatants, striking the necks of one another unjustly. 00:03:58.810 --> 00:04:05.159 "For perhaps some of those to whom it is conveyed will understand it better than some of those who heard it directly," 00:04:05.159 --> 00:04:08.159 meaning: many a person to whom my words are conveyed 00:04:08.159 --> 00:04:13.159 will grasp and retain them better than one who heard them directly from me. 00:04:16.509 --> 00:04:18.410 First: 00:04:18.410 --> 00:04:21.410 The obligation to convey knowledge and clarify it. 00:04:21.410 --> 00:04:29.470 “And (remember) when Allah laid a charge on those who had received the Scripture (He said): Ye are to expound it to mankind and not to hide it. But they flung it behind their backs and bought thereby a little gain. Verily evil is that which they have gained thereby.” (3:187) 00:04:29.470 --> 00:04:31.819 Second: 00:04:31.819 --> 00:04:40.819 Emphasizing and intensifying the prohibition during sermons and exhortations by using the most eloquent means, repeating it once, twice, and thrice. 00:04:40.819 --> 00:04:43.110 Third: 00:04:43.110 --> 00:04:47.110 The sanctity of times and places is established by divine decree (tawqifiyyah). 00:04:47.110 --> 00:04:49.339 Fourth: 00:04:49.339 --> 00:04:57.339 Emphasizing the prohibition of violating wealth, blood, and honor, and warning against transgressing against them. 00:04:57.339 --> 00:05:05.939 Chapter: How the Prophet, peace be upon him, would take care of us with exhortation 00:05:05.939 --> 00:05:07.939 so that we would not become averse. 00:05:07.939 --> 00:05:11.579 On the authority of Ibn Mas'ud, who said: 00:05:11.579 --> 00:05:21.579 The Prophet, peace be upon him, would take care of us with exhortation on certain days, fearing that we might become bored. 00:05:21.579 --> 00:05:25.339 Commentary on the hadith: 00:05:25.339 --> 00:05:27.980 "Take care of us with exhortation," 00:05:27.980 --> 00:05:36.980 meaning: he would look after us, observe the appropriate times for our exhortation, and seek out moments when we were most likely to be receptive. 00:05:36.980 --> 00:05:39.180 "Fearing boredom," 00:05:39.180 --> 00:05:41.180 meaning: fearing that we would become weary. 00:05:41.180 --> 00:05:44.939 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:05:44.939 --> 00:05:46.839 First: 00:05:46.839 --> 00:05:52.000 Demonstrating his, peace be upon him, gentleness toward his Ummah. 00:05:52.000 --> 00:05:53.000 Second: 00:05:53.000 --> 00:05:58.160 Avoiding constant exhortation for fear of causing weariness. 00:05:58.160 --> 00:05:59.160 Third: 00:05:59.160 --> 00:06:06.300 Attending to people with exhortation during times of their energy and receptivity. 00:06:06.300 --> 00:06:08.300 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik, 00:06:08.300 --> 00:06:12.300 from the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said: 00:06:12.300 --> 00:06:15.300 "Make things easy and do not make them difficult, 00:06:15.300 --> 00:06:18.300 and give glad tidings and do not drive people away." 00:06:18.300 --> 00:06:22.519 Commentary on the hadith: 00:06:22.519 --> 00:06:24.519 "Make things easy and do not make them difficult," 00:06:24.519 --> 00:06:28.519 emphasizes ease in all circumstances. 00:06:28.519 --> 00:06:34.620 "Give glad tidings," meaning: informing of good. 00:06:34.620 --> 00:06:36.620 "And do not drive people away," 00:06:36.620 --> 00:06:40.620 meaning: do not turn people away from accepting the truth. 00:06:40.620 --> 00:06:42.620 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:06:42.620 --> 00:06:44.420 First: 00:06:44.420 --> 00:06:46.420 The command to facilitate, 00:06:46.420 --> 00:06:50.420 and to give glad tidings of Allah's grace and the vastness of His mercy. 00:06:50.420 --> 00:06:51.670 Second: 00:06:51.670 --> 00:06:55.670 The prohibition of harshness and driving people away. 00:06:55.670 --> 00:06:56.930 Third: 00:06:56.930 --> 00:07:02.930 Reprimanding for sins should be done with gentleness so that it may be accepted. 00:07:02.930 --> 00:07:04.120 Fourth: 00:07:04.120 --> 00:07:08.149 Guidance toward gradualism in teaching knowledge, 00:07:08.149 --> 00:07:11.149 so that the learner does not become averse. 00:07:11.149 --> 00:07:13.939 Chapter: 00:07:13.939 --> 00:07:14.939 Chapter: 00:07:14.939 --> 00:07:20.579 "If Allah intends good for someone, He grants him understanding of the religion." 00:07:20.579 --> 00:07:22.579 On the authority of Mu'awiyah, who said: 00:07:22.579 --> 00:07:26.579 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:07:26.579 --> 00:07:29.579 "If Allah intends good for someone, 00:07:29.579 --> 00:07:32.709 He grants him understanding of the religion. 00:07:32.709 --> 00:07:36.709 Allah is the Giver, and I am the Distributor. 00:07:36.709 --> 00:07:41.870 This Ummah will continue to be dominant over those who oppose them, 00:07:41.870 --> 00:07:46.870 until the command of Allah comes, and they are still dominant." 00:07:46.870 --> 00:07:50.509 Commentary on the hadith: 00:07:50.509 --> 00:07:52.310 "Grants him understanding," 00:07:52.310 --> 00:07:54.310 meaning: He gives him comprehension. 00:07:54.310 --> 00:07:57.500 "Allah is the Giver, and I am the Distributor," 00:07:57.500 --> 00:08:00.500 for wealth and the servants belong to Allah, 00:08:00.500 --> 00:08:06.500 and the Prophet, peace be upon him, is a distributor of His wealth among them by His permission. 00:08:06.500 --> 00:08:08.819 "The command of Allah comes," 00:08:08.819 --> 00:08:13.819 meaning: the wind that will come and take the soul of every believer. 00:08:13.819 --> 00:08:17.459 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:17.459 --> 00:08:19.230 First: 00:08:19.230 --> 00:08:22.230 The superiority of the scholars over all other people, 00:08:22.230 --> 00:08:26.230 and the superiority of fiqh over all other sciences. 00:08:26.230 --> 00:08:27.490 Second: 00:08:27.490 --> 00:08:29.490 Islam will not be humiliated, 00:08:29.490 --> 00:08:32.490 even if its opponents are numerous. 00:08:32.490 --> 00:08:38.659 Chapter: Emulation in knowledge and wisdom. 00:08:38.659 --> 00:08:42.370 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, who said: 00:08:42.370 --> 00:08:46.370 The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 00:08:46.370 --> 00:08:49.370 "There is no envy except in two cases: 00:08:49.370 --> 00:08:52.399 a man whom Allah has given wealth, 00:08:52.399 --> 00:08:56.399 and he is empowered to spend it in the cause of truth, 00:08:56.399 --> 00:09:00.500 and a man whom Allah has given wisdom, 00:09:00.500 --> 00:09:05.200 and he judges by it and teaches it." 00:09:05.200 --> 00:09:08.840 Commentary on the hadith: 00:09:08.840 --> 00:09:09.840 "No envy," 00:09:09.840 --> 00:09:12.840 envy (hasad) is wishing for the removal of a blessing 00:09:12.840 --> 00:09:14.840 from the one who has been blessed. 00:09:14.840 --> 00:09:17.840 What is meant here is emulation (ghibtah), 00:09:17.840 --> 00:09:21.840 which is wishing to have the like of what another has 00:09:21.840 --> 00:09:23.840 without it being removed from him. 00:09:23.840 --> 00:09:26.100 "In two cases," 00:09:26.100 --> 00:09:28.100 meaning: in two qualities. 00:09:28.100 --> 00:09:30.190 "Empowered," 00:09:30.190 --> 00:09:34.190 indicates the subjugation of the self, which is naturally inclined toward stinginess. 00:09:34.190 --> 00:09:37.379 "Spend it in the cause of truth," 00:09:37.379 --> 00:09:40.509 meaning: spending it in acts of obedience. 00:09:40.509 --> 00:09:42.700 "Wisdom," 00:09:42.700 --> 00:09:44.700 meaning: the Qur'an. 00:09:44.700 --> 00:09:45.700 It is also said: 00:09:45.700 --> 00:09:49.700 Wisdom means everything that prevents ignorance 00:09:49.700 --> 00:09:52.409 and restrains from what is ugly. 00:09:52.409 --> 00:09:56.399 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:09:56.399 --> 00:09:57.399 First: 00:09:57.399 --> 00:10:00.399 Envy is forbidden and blameworthy, 00:10:00.399 --> 00:10:03.399 while the permissible form, which is emulation, 00:10:03.399 --> 00:10:04.399 is praiseworthy. 00:10:04.399 --> 00:10:06.559 Second: 00:10:06.559 --> 00:10:09.559 The wealthy person, if he fulfills the requirements of wealth 00:10:09.559 --> 00:10:12.559 and does with it what pleases Allah, 00:10:12.559 --> 00:10:14.559 is better than the poor person. 00:10:14.559 --> 00:10:16.980 Third: 00:10:16.980 --> 00:10:20.100 The permissibility of wishing for acts of obedience. 00:10:20.100 --> 00:10:22.100 Fourth: 00:10:22.100 --> 00:10:27.230 Incitement and encouragement to learn knowledge and give wealth in charity. 00:10:27.230 --> 00:10:29.230 Fifth: 00:10:29.230 --> 00:10:33.230 Whoever is given wisdom and judges by it and teaches it, 00:10:33.230 --> 00:10:36.230 has indeed been granted success (tawfiq), 00:10:36.230 --> 00:10:42.440 and he does not withhold what he has been given of His bounty. 00:10:42.440 --> 00:10:47.919 Chapter: What is mentioned regarding the journey of Musa, peace be upon him, across the sea to al-Khidr. 00:10:47.919 --> 00:10:50.919 On the authority of Sa'id ibn Jubayr, who said: 00:10:50.919 --> 00:10:52.919 I said to Ibn 'Abbas, 00:10:52.919 --> 00:10:57.919 "Nawf al-Bikali claims that Musa, the companion of al-Khidr, 00:10:57.919 --> 00:11:02.019 is not the Musa of the Children of Israel." 00:11:02.019 --> 00:11:04.019 Ibn 'Abbas said: 00:11:04.019 --> 00:11:06.019 "The enemy of Allah has lied." 00:11:06.019 --> 00:11:08.179 Ubayy ibn Ka'b narrated to me 00:11:08.179 --> 00:11:13.179 that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: 00:11:13.179 --> 00:11:18.299 "Moses stood up to deliver a sermon to the Children of Israel, 00:11:18.299 --> 00:11:19.299 and he was asked, 00:11:19.299 --> 00:11:21.299 'Who among the people is the most learned?' 00:11:21.299 --> 00:11:23.299 He replied, 00:11:23.299 --> 00:11:24.299 'I am.' 00:11:24.299 --> 00:11:29.370 Allah rebuked him for not attributing knowledge to Him, 00:11:29.370 --> 00:11:31.500 and Allah revealed to him: 00:11:31.500 --> 00:11:34.500 'I have a servant at the junction of the two seas 00:11:34.500 --> 00:11:36.500 who is more learned than you.' 00:11:36.500 --> 00:11:38.779 Moses asked, 00:11:38.779 --> 00:11:41.779 'My Lord, how can I reach him?' 00:11:41.779 --> 00:11:42.909 He said, 00:11:42.909 --> 00:11:44.909 'Take a fish with you, 00:11:44.909 --> 00:11:47.909 and place it in a basket. 00:11:47.909 --> 00:11:50.909 Wherever you lose the fish, 00:11:50.909 --> 00:11:51.909 he is there.' 00:11:51.909 --> 00:11:54.230 So he took a fish, 00:11:54.230 --> 00:11:56.230 placed it in a basket, 00:11:56.230 --> 00:11:58.230 and set out. 00:11:58.230 --> 00:12:02.230 He set out with his young attendant, Joshua ibn Nun. 00:12:02.230 --> 00:12:05.299 When they reached the rock, 00:12:05.299 --> 00:12:08.299 they laid their heads down and slept. 00:12:08.299 --> 00:12:11.299 The fish struggled in the basket, 00:12:11.299 --> 00:12:14.299 escaped from it, and fell into the sea. 00:12:14.299 --> 00:12:18.299 “And when they reached the point where the two met, they forgot their fish, and it took its way into the waters, being free.” (18:61) 00:12:18.299 --> 00:12:22.419 Allah held back the flow of water for the fish, 00:12:22.419 --> 00:12:25.419 so it became like an archway over it. 00:12:25.419 --> 00:12:27.549 When he awoke, 00:12:27.549 --> 00:12:31.549 his companion forgot to tell him about the fish. 00:12:31.549 --> 00:12:34.549 They traveled for the rest of their day 00:12:34.549 --> 00:12:36.549 and their night. 00:12:36.549 --> 00:12:39.549 When the next day came, 00:12:39.549 --> 00:12:41.549 Moses said to his attendant, 00:12:41.549 --> 00:12:44.549 'Bring us our morning meal; 00:12:44.549 --> 00:12:46.549 “And when they had gone further, he said unto his servant: Bring us our breakfast. Verily we have found fatigue in this our journey.” (18:62) 00:12:46.549 --> 00:12:49.649 we have certainly suffered fatigue from this journey.' 00:12:49.649 --> 00:12:50.649 He said, 00:12:50.649 --> 00:12:52.649 Moses did not feel the fatigue 00:12:52.649 --> 00:12:57.649 until he had passed the place that Allah had commanded him to reach. 00:12:57.899 --> 00:12:59.899 His attendant said to him, 00:12:59.899 --> 00:13:02.970 “He said: Didst thou see, when we took refuge on the rock, and I forgot the fish - and none but Satan caused me to forget to mention it - it took its way into the waters by a marvel.” (18:63) 00:13:02.970 --> 00:13:05.970 'I forgot the fish.' 00:13:05.970 --> 00:13:10.970 “He said: Didst thou see, when we took refuge on the rock, and I forgot the fish - and none but Satan caused me to forget to mention it - it took its way into the waters by a marvel.” (18:63) 00:13:10.970 --> 00:13:14.970 “He said: Didst thou see, when we took refuge on the rock, and I forgot the fish - and none but Satan caused me to forget to mention it - it took its way into the waters by a marvel.” (18:63) 00:13:14.970 --> 00:13:16.000 He said, 00:13:16.000 --> 00:13:19.000 'The fish made its way [into the sea] as a tunnel, 00:13:19.000 --> 00:13:22.000 and it was a wonder to Moses and his attendant.' 00:13:22.000 --> 00:13:24.029 Moses said, 00:13:24.029 --> 00:13:27.029 “He said: This is that which we have been seeking. So they retraced their steps again.” (18:64) 00:13:27.029 --> 00:13:31.029 'So they retraced their steps, following their tracks.' 00:13:31.029 --> 00:13:32.029 He said, 00:13:32.029 --> 00:13:35.059 'They returned, following their own footsteps, 00:13:35.059 --> 00:13:38.059 until they reached the rock. 00:13:38.059 --> 00:13:41.100 There, they found a man covered with a garment. 00:13:41.100 --> 00:13:44.100 Moses greeted him, 00:13:44.100 --> 00:13:46.100 and Al-Khidr said, 00:13:46.100 --> 00:13:49.100 "And in your land, there is peace?" 00:13:49.100 --> 00:13:50.100 He said, 00:13:50.100 --> 00:13:52.100 "I am Moses." 00:13:52.100 --> 00:13:53.100 He said, 00:13:53.100 --> 00:13:56.100 "Moses of the Children of Israel?" 00:13:56.100 --> 00:13:58.100 He said, "Yes." 00:13:58.100 --> 00:14:02.100 "I have come to you so that you may teach me some of the guidance you have been taught." 00:14:02.100 --> 00:14:04.129 He said, 00:14:04.129 --> 00:14:08.129 "You will not be able to have patience with me." 00:14:08.129 --> 00:14:10.289 In another narration: 00:14:10.289 --> 00:14:13.289 "Is it not enough for you that the Torah is in your hand, 00:14:13.289 --> 00:14:16.289 and that revelation comes to you, 00:14:16.289 --> 00:14:18.450 O Moses? 00:14:18.450 --> 00:14:24.450 I possess a portion of Allah's knowledge that He taught me, which you do not know, 00:14:24.450 --> 00:14:30.450 and you possess a portion of Allah's knowledge that Allah taught you, which I do not know." 00:14:30.450 --> 00:14:32.700 Moses said, 00:14:32.700 --> 00:14:39.700 “He said: Allah willing, thou shalt find me patient and I shall not in aught gainsay thee.” (18:69) 00:14:39.700 --> 00:14:42.769 Al-Khidr said to him, 00:14:42.769 --> 00:14:49.799 “He said: Well, if thou go with me, ask me not concerning aught till I myself make mention of it unto thee.” (18:70) 00:14:49.799 --> 00:14:53.990 They set out walking along the seashore. 00:14:53.990 --> 00:14:55.990 A ship passed by, 00:14:55.990 --> 00:14:58.990 and they asked them to take them aboard. 00:14:58.990 --> 00:15:00.990 They recognized Al-Khidr, 00:15:00.990 --> 00:15:03.990 so they took them aboard without a fare. 00:15:03.990 --> 00:15:05.990 When they boarded the ship, 00:15:05.990 --> 00:15:07.990 suddenly, 00:15:07.990 --> 00:15:13.990 Al-Khidr pulled out one of the ship's planks with an adze. 00:15:13.990 --> 00:15:15.990 Moses said to him, 00:15:15.990 --> 00:15:18.990 "These people took us aboard without a fare, 00:15:19.990 --> 00:15:24.990 yet you have targeted their ship and breached it to drown its people?" 00:15:24.990 --> 00:15:27.990 “So they twain set out till, when they were in the ship, he made a hole therein. (Moses) said: Hast thou made a hole therein to drown the folk thereof? Thou verily hast done a dreadful thing.” (18:71) 00:15:27.990 --> 00:15:33.990 He said, "Did I not say that you would not be able to have patience with me?" 00:15:33.990 --> 00:15:41.120 “(Moses) said: Be not wroth with me that I forgot, and be not hard upon me for my fault.” (18:73) 00:15:41.120 --> 00:15:42.120 He said, 00:15:42.120 --> 00:15:46.120 And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, 00:15:46.120 --> 00:15:50.179 "The first [incident] from Moses was out of forgetfulness." 00:15:50.179 --> 00:15:51.179 He said, 00:15:51.179 --> 00:15:55.179 "A bird came and landed on the edge of the ship, 00:15:55.179 --> 00:15:58.179 and dipped its beak into the sea. 00:15:58.179 --> 00:16:00.220 Al-Khidr said to him, 00:16:00.220 --> 00:16:04.220 'My knowledge and your knowledge, compared to the knowledge of Allah, 00:16:04.220 --> 00:16:09.220 is only like what this bird has taken from this sea.'" 00:16:09.220 --> 00:16:12.500 Then they exited the ship. 00:16:12.500 --> 00:16:15.500 While they were walking along the shore, 00:16:15.500 --> 00:16:20.500 Al-Khidr saw a boy playing with other boys. 00:16:20.500 --> 00:16:23.570 Al-Khidr took his head in his hand, 00:16:23.570 --> 00:16:26.570 wrenched it off, and killed him. 00:16:26.570 --> 00:16:28.759 Moses said to him, 00:16:28.759 --> 00:16:33.759 “So they twain journeyed on till, when they met a lad, he slew him. (Moses) said: What! Hast thou slain an innocent soul who hath slain no man? Verily thou hast done a horrid thing.” (18:74) 00:16:33.759 --> 00:16:36.759 “So they twain journeyed on till, when they met a lad, he slew him. (Moses) said: What! Hast thou slain an innocent soul who hath slain no man? Verily thou hast done a horrid thing.” (18:74) 00:16:36.759 --> 00:16:42.919 “He said: Did I not tell thee that thou couldst not bear with me?” (18:75) 00:16:42.919 --> 00:16:44.980 He said, 00:16:44.980 --> 00:16:48.110 "This is more severe than the first." 00:16:48.110 --> 00:16:54.110 “(Moses) said: If I ask thee after this concerning aught, keep not company with me. Thou hast received an excuse from me.” (18:76) 00:16:54.110 --> 00:16:58.110 “(Moses) said: If I ask thee after this concerning aught, keep not company with me. Thou hast received an excuse from me.” (18:76) 00:16:58.110 --> 00:17:04.109 “So they twain journeyed on till, when they came unto the folk of a certain township, they asked its folk for food, but they refused to make them guests. And they found therein a wall upon the point of falling into ruin, and he repaired it. (Moses) said: If thou hadst wished, thou couldst have taken payment for it.” (18:77) 00:17:04.109 --> 00:17:08.109 They refused to host them. 00:17:08.109 --> 00:17:14.619 “So they twain journeyed on till, when they came unto the folk of a certain township, they asked its folk for food, but they refused to make them guests. And they found therein a wall upon the point of falling into ruin, and he repaired it. (Moses) said: If thou hadst wished, thou couldst have taken payment for it.” (18:77) 00:17:14.619 --> 00:17:16.619 He said, "Leaning." 00:17:16.619 --> 00:17:20.660 Al-Khidr stood up and straightened it with his hand. 00:17:20.660 --> 00:17:22.660 Moses said, 00:17:22.660 --> 00:17:27.660 "We came to these people, and they did not feed us nor host us." 00:17:27.660 --> 00:17:31.720 “So they twain journeyed on till, when they came unto the folk of a certain township, they asked its folk for food, but they refused to make them guests. And they found therein a wall upon the point of falling into ruin, and he repaired it. (Moses) said: If thou hadst wished, thou couldst have taken payment for it.” (18:77) 00:17:31.720 --> 00:17:35.750 “He said: This is the parting between thee and me! I will announce unto thee the interpretation of that thou couldst not bear with patience.” (18:78) 00:17:35.750 --> 00:17:41.910 [Up to] his saying: "That is the interpretation of that about which you could not have patience." 00:17:41.910 --> 00:17:45.910 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, 00:17:45.910 --> 00:17:48.910 "We wish that Moses had been patient, 00:17:48.910 --> 00:17:54.579 so that Allah could have related more of their story to us." 00:17:54.579 --> 00:17:58.450 Commentary on the hadith: 00:17:58.450 --> 00:18:04.450 The companion of Al-Khidr was named as such because he sat on a barren patch of earth, 00:18:04.450 --> 00:18:07.829 and it sprouted and turned green around him. 00:18:07.829 --> 00:18:11.829 Allah rebuked him for not attributing knowledge to Him, 00:18:11.829 --> 00:18:16.059 meaning he should have said, "Allah knows best." 00:18:16.059 --> 00:18:18.059 "At the junction of the two seas": 00:18:18.059 --> 00:18:23.059 It is said they are the Sea of Jordan and the Red Sea. 00:18:23.059 --> 00:18:27.059 It is also said to be the Western Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar. 00:18:27.059 --> 00:18:29.059 Others say something else. 00:18:29.059 --> 00:18:34.180 "In a basket": a container, such as a woven bag or a hamper. 00:18:34.180 --> 00:18:37.180 It holds fifteen sa's. 00:18:37.180 --> 00:18:40.339 "Struggled": meaning it moved. 00:18:40.339 --> 00:18:44.410 "A tunnel": meaning a path or a way. 00:18:44.410 --> 00:18:48.470 "Flow of water": meaning the running of the water. 00:18:48.470 --> 00:18:54.569 "The archway": intended to keep it trapped in a hollow circle. 00:18:54.569 --> 00:18:59.569 The water did not close up, remaining like a hole in a house. 00:18:59.569 --> 00:19:02.730 "Fatigue": meaning weariness. 00:19:02.730 --> 00:19:05.730 It is also said he became hungry, 00:19:05.730 --> 00:19:10.789 which led him to seek lunch, thereby remembering the forgotten fish. 00:19:10.789 --> 00:19:14.789 "A wonder": it was one of the marvels. 00:19:14.789 --> 00:19:16.980 Meaning the affair of the fish. 00:19:16.980 --> 00:19:20.019 "We seek": meaning we desire. 00:19:20.019 --> 00:19:24.019 "Retraced their steps": meaning he returned along the path they had taken. 00:19:24.019 --> 00:19:26.019 Following the tracks. 00:19:26.019 --> 00:19:29.140 "Covered": meaning veiled. 00:19:29.140 --> 00:19:32.180 "And in your land, there is peace?" 00:19:32.180 --> 00:19:34.180 Meaning, where does peace come from? 00:19:34.180 --> 00:19:37.180 As if it were a land of disbelief, 00:19:37.180 --> 00:19:40.180 or their greeting was something other than peace. 00:19:40.180 --> 00:19:42.369 "Guidance": 00:19:42.369 --> 00:19:46.369 Meaning if one hits upon the right way and path, he has been guided. 00:19:46.369 --> 00:19:53.619 “He said: Allah willing, thou shalt find me patient and I shall not in aught gainsay thee.” (18:69) 00:19:53.619 --> 00:19:56.619 This was a resolve on his part before the trial. 00:19:56.619 --> 00:19:58.619 Resolve is one thing, 00:19:58.619 --> 00:20:01.619 and the presence of patience is another. 00:20:01.619 --> 00:20:05.940 “He said: Well, if thou go with me, ask me not concerning aught till I myself make mention of it unto thee.” (18:70) 00:20:05.940 --> 00:20:08.940 “He said: Well, if thou go with me, ask me not concerning aught till I myself make mention of it unto thee.” (18:70) 00:20:08.940 --> 00:20:12.940 Meaning, do not initiate questioning or objection, 00:20:12.940 --> 00:20:15.940 until I am the one to inform you of its state 00:20:15.940 --> 00:20:19.940 at the time it is appropriate to inform you. 00:20:19.940 --> 00:20:21.940 He forbade him from questioning him, 00:20:21.940 --> 00:20:26.099 and promised to make him understand the reality of the matter. 00:20:26.099 --> 00:20:28.099 "Without a fare": 00:20:28.099 --> 00:20:30.099 Meaning without payment. 00:20:30.099 --> 00:20:32.099 "Suddenly": 00:20:32.099 --> 00:20:36.170 Meaning the matter came to him unexpectedly, without anticipation. 00:20:36.170 --> 00:20:38.170 "With an adze": 00:20:38.170 --> 00:20:40.170 Meaning with an axe. 00:20:40.170 --> 00:20:41.170 "Targeted": 00:20:41.170 --> 00:20:42.170 Meaning intended. 00:20:42.170 --> 00:20:44.170 "Breached it": 00:20:44.170 --> 00:20:47.299 Meaning made a crack in it. 00:20:47.299 --> 00:20:49.299 "A grave thing": 00:20:49.299 --> 00:20:52.420 Meaning something great and very severe. 00:20:52.420 --> 00:20:55.420 “(Moses) said: Be not wroth with me that I forgot, and be not hard upon me for my fault.” (18:73) 00:20:55.420 --> 00:20:59.420 Meaning do not impose hardship on me, nor abandon my company. 00:20:59.420 --> 00:21:02.420 The first was out of forgetfulness, 00:21:02.420 --> 00:21:04.420 the middle was a condition, 00:21:04.420 --> 00:21:06.619 and the third was intentional. 00:21:06.619 --> 00:21:08.619 "Edge of the ship": 00:21:08.619 --> 00:21:10.779 Meaning its side. 00:21:10.779 --> 00:21:12.779 "Dipped its beak into the sea": 00:21:12.779 --> 00:21:16.779 Meaning the amount the bird places its beak into the water 00:21:16.779 --> 00:21:18.940 to drink or eat. 00:21:18.940 --> 00:21:19.940 "Saw": 00:21:19.940 --> 00:21:22.000 Meaning looked at. 00:21:22.000 --> 00:21:23.000 "A boy": 00:21:23.000 --> 00:21:25.000 A young child once weaned. 00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:28.000 He is called a boy up to seven years old. 00:21:28.000 --> 00:21:29.000 It is also said 00:21:29.000 --> 00:21:32.000 he is a child until the age of puberty. 00:21:32.000 --> 00:21:34.380 "A pure soul": 00:21:34.380 --> 00:21:37.380 Meaning innocent, having committed no sin. 00:21:37.380 --> 00:21:40.380 “So they twain journeyed on till, when they met a lad, he slew him. (Moses) said: What! Hast thou slain an innocent soul who hath slain no man? Verily thou hast done a horrid thing.” (18:74) 00:21:40.380 --> 00:21:43.380 Meaning you have committed a reprehensible act. 00:21:43.380 --> 00:21:46.450 “(Moses) said: If I ask thee after this concerning aught, keep not company with me. Thou hast received an excuse from me.” (18:76) 00:21:46.450 --> 00:21:48.450 Meaning after this time, 00:21:48.450 --> 00:21:50.450 do not accompany me. 00:21:50.450 --> 00:21:54.450 Meaning you are excused for leaving my company. 00:21:54.450 --> 00:21:57.509 “(Moses) said: If I ask thee after this concerning aught, keep not company with me. Thou hast received an excuse from me.” (18:76) 00:21:57.509 --> 00:22:01.509 Meaning you have been given an excuse by me and I have not fallen short. 00:22:01.509 --> 00:22:03.769 "Asked its people for food": 00:22:03.769 --> 00:22:05.769 Meaning they asked them for hospitality. 00:22:05.769 --> 00:22:08.769 They did not host them. 00:22:08.769 --> 00:22:11.059 "Meaning it is collapsing": 00:22:11.059 --> 00:22:13.119 Meaning it is about to fall. 00:22:13.119 --> 00:22:15.150 "Straightened it": 00:22:15.150 --> 00:22:19.150 Meaning Al-Khidr built it and restored it as new. 00:22:19.150 --> 00:22:22.599 “He said: This is the parting between thee and me! I will announce unto thee the interpretation of that thou couldst not bear with patience.” (18:78) 00:22:22.599 --> 00:22:25.599 Meaning you have brought this upon yourself. 00:22:26.599 --> 00:22:28.599 There is no excuse left now, 00:22:28.599 --> 00:22:31.599 nor any place for companionship. 00:22:31.599 --> 00:22:36.619 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:22:36.619 --> 00:22:37.619 First, 00:22:37.619 --> 00:22:41.619 the encouragement to endure hardship in seeking knowledge, 00:22:41.619 --> 00:22:43.619 because that which is sought after 00:22:43.619 --> 00:22:45.619 is worth enduring hardship for. 00:22:45.619 --> 00:22:47.869 Second: 00:22:47.869 --> 00:22:51.869 Traveling by land and sea in pursuit of knowledge. 00:22:51.869 --> 00:22:53.940 Third: 00:22:53.940 --> 00:22:56.940 Carrying and preparing provisions for travel. 00:22:56.940 --> 00:22:58.940 This does not contradict reliance upon Allah (tawakkul). 00:22:58.940 --> 00:23:01.059 Fourth: 00:23:01.059 --> 00:23:04.059 Increasing one's knowledge and intending to seek it. 00:23:04.059 --> 00:23:08.160 Recognizing the rights of those who possess additional knowledge. 00:23:08.160 --> 00:23:10.160 Fifth: 00:23:10.160 --> 00:23:12.160 The permissibility of debating in matters of knowledge. 00:23:12.160 --> 00:23:17.289 Provided that each party seeks the truth without being obstinate. 00:23:17.289 --> 00:23:19.289 Sixth: 00:23:19.289 --> 00:23:22.289 Referring to scholars when disputes arise. 00:23:22.289 --> 00:23:24.319 Seventh: 00:23:24.319 --> 00:23:28.319 The necessity of humility in seeking knowledge and in all circumstances. 00:23:28.319 --> 00:23:30.319 Eighth: 00:23:30.319 --> 00:23:32.319 The necessity of proper conduct (adab) toward the scholar. 00:23:32.319 --> 00:23:37.319 Refraining from asking questions when he forbids it for a valid reason. 00:23:37.319 --> 00:23:41.609 Accepting his pardon and observing his boundaries. 00:23:41.609 --> 00:23:43.609 Ninth: 00:23:43.609 --> 00:23:47.609 There is no harm in a student of lower status serving a scholar or a person of virtue. 00:23:47.609 --> 00:23:49.609 Fulfilling his needs for him. 00:23:49.609 --> 00:23:54.609 This is not considered taking compensation for teaching knowledge and manners. 00:23:54.609 --> 00:23:58.609 Rather, it is part of the chivalry of companions and good social conduct. 00:23:58.609 --> 00:24:02.609 The evidence for this is the servant bringing them their lunch. 00:24:02.609 --> 00:24:04.900 Tenth: 00:24:04.900 --> 00:24:09.019 The hadith establishes the acceptance of a report from a single truthful narrator. 00:24:09.019 --> 00:24:11.019 Eleventh: 00:24:11.019 --> 00:24:14.019 It indicates that a scholar may be honored. 00:24:14.019 --> 00:24:16.019 By having his needs fulfilled. 00:24:16.019 --> 00:24:18.019 Or by being gifted something. 00:24:18.019 --> 00:24:21.019 It is permissible for him to accept that. 00:24:21.019 --> 00:24:24.019 Because Al-Khidr carried them without a fee. 00:24:24.019 --> 00:24:27.019 This applies provided he did not solicit it. 00:24:27.019 --> 00:24:29.150 Twelfth: 00:24:29.150 --> 00:24:32.150 It is permissible for a scholar or a righteous person. 00:24:32.150 --> 00:24:38.380 To criticize something belonging to another if he knows it is in the owner's best interest. 00:24:38.380 --> 00:24:40.380 Thirteenth: 00:24:40.380 --> 00:24:45.380 The hadith establishes the permissibility of asking for food and requesting help when in need. 00:24:45.380 --> 00:24:47.380 And hiring someone for construction work. 00:24:47.380 --> 00:24:49.380 And consuming the like of that. 00:24:49.380 --> 00:24:51.539 Fourteenth: 00:24:51.539 --> 00:24:54.569 It establishes judging by outward appearances in affairs. 00:24:54.569 --> 00:24:57.859 Until the contrary becomes clear. 00:24:57.859 --> 00:24:59.859 Fifteenth: 00:24:59.859 --> 00:25:03.859 The legitimacy of condemning manifest evil and being firm in doing so. 00:25:03.859 --> 00:25:05.859 And being stern with the perpetrator. 00:25:05.859 --> 00:25:07.859 Based on his statement: 00:25:07.859 --> 00:25:10.859 “So they twain journeyed on till, when they met a lad, he slew him. (Moses) said: What! Hast thou slain an innocent soul who hath slain no man? Verily thou hast done a horrid thing.” (18:74) 00:25:10.859 --> 00:25:12.950 Sixteenth: 00:25:12.950 --> 00:25:15.950 The reprehensibility of mistreating a benefactor. 00:25:15.950 --> 00:25:19.950 Based on his statement regarding the people of the ship when he damaged it: 00:25:19.950 --> 00:25:23.079 "They carried us without a fare." 00:25:23.079 --> 00:25:25.079 Seventeenth: 00:25:25.079 --> 00:25:30.079 Denouncing the failure to reward Muslims for their kindness in certain matters. 00:25:30.079 --> 00:25:32.079 Especially in times of need. 00:25:32.079 --> 00:25:37.079 And that kindness should be shown to those who are deserving. 00:25:37.079 --> 00:25:38.079 Based on his statement: 00:25:38.079 --> 00:25:42.079 "We came to a people who did not host us." 00:25:42.079 --> 00:25:45.339 “So they twain journeyed on till, when they came unto the folk of a certain township, they asked its folk for food, but they refused to make them guests. And they found therein a wall upon the point of falling into ruin, and he repaired it. (Moses) said: If thou hadst wished, thou couldst have taken payment for it.” (18:77) 00:25:45.339 --> 00:25:47.339 Eighteenth: 00:25:47.339 --> 00:25:55.700 The hadith provides evidence for the principle that "Muslims are bound by their conditions." 00:25:55.700 --> 00:25:59.700 Chapter: The statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 00:25:59.700 --> 00:26:02.700 "O Allah, teach him the Book." 00:26:02.700 --> 00:26:06.180 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:26:06.180 --> 00:26:11.180 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) drew me close and said: 00:26:11.180 --> 00:26:15.250 "O Allah, teach him the Book." 00:26:15.250 --> 00:26:16.250 In another narration: 00:26:16.250 --> 00:26:18.250 "Teach him wisdom." 00:26:18.250 --> 00:26:22.079 Commentary on the hadith: 00:26:22.079 --> 00:26:25.910 "The Book" means the Qur'an. 00:26:25.910 --> 00:26:28.910 "Wisdom" also refers to the Qur'an. 00:26:28.910 --> 00:26:31.910 It is also intended to mean the Sunnah. 00:26:31.910 --> 00:26:33.910 As in the saying of Allah the Exalted: 00:26:33.910 --> 00:26:37.910 ﴾And He teaches them the Book and wisdom.﴿ 00:26:37.910 --> 00:26:41.259 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:26:41.259 --> 00:26:43.289 First: 00:26:43.289 --> 00:26:47.289 Clarifying the virtue of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). 00:26:47.289 --> 00:26:52.289 And the blessing of the Prophet's (peace be upon him) supplication for him. 00:26:52.289 --> 00:26:53.450 Second: 00:26:53.450 --> 00:26:59.450 Raising children to learn the Qur'an, both its recitation and its Tafsir. 00:26:59.450 --> 00:27:02.880 Chapter: 00:27:02.880 --> 00:27:05.880 When is the hearing of a young child valid? 00:27:05.880 --> 00:27:10.680 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Abbas, who said: 00:27:10.680 --> 00:27:14.680 I arrived riding a female donkey. 00:27:14.680 --> 00:27:18.680 At that time, I had neared the age of puberty. 00:27:18.680 --> 00:27:25.680 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was praying at Mina without a wall in front of him. 00:27:25.680 --> 00:27:29.779 I passed in front of part of the row. 00:27:29.779 --> 00:27:32.779 I let the donkey graze. 00:27:32.779 --> 00:27:34.809 Then I entered the row. 00:27:34.809 --> 00:27:37.809 He did not rebuke me for that. 00:27:37.809 --> 00:27:42.119 Commentary on the hadith: 00:27:42.119 --> 00:27:45.119 When is the hearing of a young child valid? 00:27:45.119 --> 00:27:48.119 The "young child" is one who has not reached puberty. 00:27:48.119 --> 00:27:49.380 "Atan": 00:27:49.380 --> 00:27:51.380 Meaning a female donkey. 00:27:51.380 --> 00:27:55.569 "Nahaztu": Meaning I approached and drew near. 00:27:55.569 --> 00:27:58.569 "Al-ihtilam": Meaning puberty. 00:27:58.569 --> 00:28:01.569 "Tarta'u": Meaning grazing. 00:28:01.569 --> 00:28:05.079 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:28:05.079 --> 00:28:09.940 First: The validity of a child's prayer. 00:28:09.940 --> 00:28:11.200 Second: 00:28:11.200 --> 00:28:14.200 The absence of a rebuke is evidence of permissibility. 00:28:14.200 --> 00:28:18.200 On the condition that there are no impediments to rebuking. 00:28:18.200 --> 00:28:21.200 And that there is knowledge of the action being observed. 00:28:21.200 --> 00:28:26.339 On the authority of Mahmud Ibn Al-Rabi': 00:28:26.339 --> 00:28:30.380 I remember from the Prophet (peace be upon him): 00:28:30.380 --> 00:28:33.380 A mouthful of water he sprayed onto my face. 00:28:33.380 --> 00:28:36.380 While I was five years old. 00:28:36.380 --> 00:28:37.380 From a bucket. 00:28:37.380 --> 00:28:39.380 In another narration: 00:28:39.380 --> 00:28:42.380 From a well that was in their house. 00:28:42.380 --> 00:28:46.140 Commentary on the hadith: 00:28:46.140 --> 00:28:49.819 "A'qaltu": Meaning I remembered. 00:28:49.819 --> 00:28:51.940 "Majja majjaha": 00:28:51.940 --> 00:28:56.940 "Al-majj" is expelling water from the mouth with a puff. 00:28:56.940 --> 00:28:57.940 It is said: 00:28:57.940 --> 00:29:01.940 It is not considered "majj" unless it is sprayed at a distance. 00:29:01.940 --> 00:29:05.170 "While I was five years old": 00:29:05.170 --> 00:29:07.170 Meaning my age was five years. 00:29:07.170 --> 00:29:09.170 It is specified by age. 00:29:09.170 --> 00:29:12.420 Because it is the objective of the chapter. 00:29:12.420 --> 00:29:16.289 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:29:16.289 --> 00:29:17.289 First: 00:29:17.289 --> 00:29:21.289 The kindness of the Prophet (peace be upon him) toward young children. 00:29:21.289 --> 00:29:23.450 Second: 00:29:23.450 --> 00:29:26.450 The permissibility of bringing young children to gatherings of knowledge. 00:29:26.450 --> 00:29:28.640 Third: 00:29:28.640 --> 00:29:31.640 Determining the age of valid hearing as five years. 00:29:31.640 --> 00:29:33.640 If the child is capable of understanding.