Stories of the Prophets... Stories of the Prophets, peace be upon them. The story of Moses, peace be upon him. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds. May peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon all his family and Companions. To proceed: The story of the tyrant Pharaoh came to an end with his drowning in the sea, along with the destruction of his soldiers who obeyed him. Thus ended his oppressive reign, in which he brought ruin upon both people and land. For every oppressor has an inevitable end; Allah grants respite, but He never neglects. His destruction took place before the very eyes of the Children of Israel, so that it would serve as an admonition for them, and that they might witness the power of Allah, Glorified and Exalted, and place their full trust in Him. After their deliverance from Pharaoh and his hosts, several events befell the Children of Israel, which are affirmed in the Noble Qur'an and the Prophetic Sunnah, and are worthy of deep reflection. Among those astonishing occurrences: after crossing the sea in which their enemy had drowned, while its sand was still clinging to their sandals, they passed by a people devoted to worshipping idols. What was truly expected of them was to despise what they witnessed and recoil from what they saw, for not much time had passed since they were being subjected to the worst torment under the idol worship of Pharaoh and his people, and because their deliverance from that humiliation and disgrace had come at the hands of their Prophet, who called them to the monotheism of Allah, Blessed and Exalted, so that He might increase them in His bounty. Yet the crooked nature of the Children of Israel never departed from them; faith had not firmly settled in their hearts, and the idol worship they had grown accustomed to during the days of Pharaoh's enslavement remained deeply entrenched within their souls and held sway over their minds. So they demanded of Moses, peace be upon him, that he make an idol for them to worship, just as those pagans were doing. In this manner, spiritual ailments infect souls just as physical illnesses afflict bodies. Such was the disposition of the Children of Israel: scarcely do they find guidance before they stray, scarcely do they rise before they degrade themselves, and scarcely do they tread the path of uprightness before they relapse and regress. In their words to Moses, peace be upon him, “And We brought the Children of Israel across the sea, and they came unto a people who were given up to idols which they had. They said: O Moses! Make for us a god even as they have gods. He said: Lo! ye are a folk who know not.” (7:138) phrased as an outright command, lies the greatest proof of their foolish minds and insolent manners. For had they merely asked his permission to adopt an idol to worship alongside others, their conduct would have been less astonishing; but what actually happened was that they demanded of him—their very Prophet, who called them to the monotheism of Allah Almighty and rescued them from their tyrannical pagan oppressor— to fashion an idol for them himself so that they could worship it! Thereupon, Moses, peace be upon him, became angry with them, with intense fury, for he was naturally fierce in defending the sake of his Lord and His religion. He answered them with a stern rebuke, censuring them and expressing astonishment at their demand, especially after all the miracles they had seen with their own eyes. He said: "Indeed, O Children of Israel, through this demand of yours, you have proved that you are a people whose hearts are filled with ignorance, and whose minds are utterly clouded, such that you no longer distinguish between the clear manifest error of these people and the submission and worship rightfully due to Allah alone." And he reminded them of Allah's favor upon them when He saved them from Pharaoh and his folk. Allah Almighty said: “And We brought the Children of Israel across the sea, and they came unto a people who were given up to idols which they had. They said: O Moses! Make for us a god even as they have gods. He said: Lo! ye are a folk who know not.” (7:138) “And We brought the Children of Israel across the sea, and they came unto a people who were given up to idols which they had. They said: O Moses! Make for us a god even as they have gods. He said: Lo! ye are a folk who know not.” (7:138) "They said, 'O Moses, make for us a god just as they have gods.'" “And We brought the Children of Israel across the sea, and they came unto a people who were given up to idols which they had. They said: O Moses! Make for us a god even as they have gods. He said: Lo! ye are a folk who know not.” (7:138) “Lo! as for these, their way will be destroyed and all that they are doing is in vain.” (7:139) “He said: Shall I seek for you a god other than Allah when He hath favoured you above (all) creatures?” (7:140) “And (remember) when We did deliver you from Pharaoh's folk who were afflicting you with dreadful torment, slaughtering your sons and sparing your women. That was a tremendous trial from your Lord.” (7:141) “And (remember) when We did deliver you from Pharaoh's folk who were afflicting you with dreadful torment, slaughtering your sons and sparing your women. That was a tremendous trial from your Lord.” (7:141) "And in that was a great trial from your Lord." The Children of Israel fell silent after the rebuke of Moses, peace be upon him, but their trials had not yet come to an end. For Allah had appointed a meeting with Moses, peace be upon him, and his people at Mount Sinai after thirty nights, which were the days of the month of Dhu al-Qi'dah, in order to give him the Torah, containing their rulings and the details of their law. Allah Almighty commanded Moses to fast these days and to devote them exclusively to worship. At that point, Moses appointed his brother Aaron as his deputy over the Children of Israel, saying to him, "Rectify their affairs by steering them toward obedience to Allah, and do not follow the way of those among them who disobey Allah, nor comply with their desires." This was a reminder and an admonition, for reminders benefit the believers; otherwise, Aaron, peace be upon him, was a noble prophet honored by Allah. Moses, peace be upon him, instructed him to lead them following his trail toward Mount Sinai. Then Moses hastened ahead to the appointed meeting with his Lord, engaging constantly in remembrance, worship, and fasting night and day. When he completed the thirty nights and the time of his rendezvous with Allah arrived, he disliked the odor of his mouth resulting from the fasting, so he brushed his teeth with the bark of a tree. Thereupon Allah revealed to him: "Did you not know, O Moses, that the breath of a fasting person is more beloved to Me than the fragrance of musk?" He then commanded him to fast another ten days, which were the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah. “And when We did appoint for Moses thirty nights (of solitude), and added to them ten, and he completed the whole time appointed by his Lord of forty nights; and Moses said unto his brother, Aaron: Take my place among the people. Do right, and follow not the way of mischief-makers.” (7:142) Allah Almighty's speaking to Moses, peace be upon him, took place on the morning of the Day of Sacrifice, the day Ishmael was ransomed from slaughter, and the religion was perfected for Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, upon Mount Sinai. Allah spoke to Moses, peace be upon him, imparting to him His revelation, His commands, and His prohibitions, and He gave him the Tablets upon which the Torah was written, containing admonition and an elaboration of everything concerning the sacred law. At that moment, Moses relished the speech of Allah, and his soul yearned to behold his Lord; he longed for it ardently, and asked to look upon Him. So he said in utmost humility: "My Lord, show Yourself to me that I may look upon You." Allah said to him: "You shall not see Me," meaning: you will not be able to bear seeing Me in this worldly life; “And when Moses came to Our appointed tryst and his Lord had spoken unto him, he said: My Lord! Show me (Thy Self), that I may gaze upon Thee. He said: Thou wilt not see Me, but gaze upon the mountain! If it stand still in its place, then thou wilt see Me. And when his Lord revealed (His) glory to the mountain He sent it crashing down. And Moses fell down senseless. And when he woke he said: Glory unto Thee! I turn unto Thee repentant, and I am the first of (true) believers.” (7:143) "but look upon the mountain; if it remains firm in its place when I manifest Myself to it, then you shall see Me." “And when Moses came to Our appointed tryst and his Lord had spoken unto him, he said: My Lord! Show me (Thy Self), that I may gaze upon Thee. He said: Thou wilt not see Me, but gaze upon the mountain! If it stand still in its place, then thou wilt see Me. And when his Lord revealed (His) glory to the mountain He sent it crashing down. And Moses fell down senseless. And when he woke he said: Glory unto Thee! I turn unto Thee repentant, and I am the first of (true) believers.” (7:143) He leveled it, crashing it flat to the ground. It was a mighty mountain, yet it could not stand firm before the magnificent splendors of Allah Almighty's light; it crumbled to dust and collapsed, turning into a shifting mound of sand. Moses fell down unconscious. When he recovered from his swoon, he said: "Exalted are You, my Lord, far above anything unbefitting Your majesty! I repent to You for this request of mine, and I am the first of the believers among my people." Allah Almighty said: “And when We did appoint for Moses thirty nights (of solitude), and added to them ten, and he completed the whole time appointed by his Lord of forty nights; and Moses said unto his brother, Aaron: Take my place among the people. Do right, and follow not the way of mischief-makers.” (7:142) "And We completed them with ten," "and We completed them with ten," “And when We did appoint for Moses thirty nights (of solitude), and added to them ten, and he completed the whole time appointed by his Lord of forty nights; and Moses said unto his brother, Aaron: Take my place among the people. Do right, and follow not the way of mischief-makers.” (7:142) “And when We did appoint for Moses thirty nights (of solitude), and added to them ten, and he completed the whole time appointed by his Lord of forty nights; and Moses said unto his brother, Aaron: Take my place among the people. Do right, and follow not the way of mischief-makers.” (7:142) “And when We did appoint for Moses thirty nights (of solitude), and added to them ten, and he completed the whole time appointed by his Lord of forty nights; and Moses said unto his brother, Aaron: Take my place among the people. Do right, and follow not the way of mischief-makers.” (7:142) “And when We did appoint for Moses thirty nights (of solitude), and added to them ten, and he completed the whole time appointed by his Lord of forty nights; and Moses said unto his brother, Aaron: Take my place among the people. Do right, and follow not the way of mischief-makers.” (7:142) “And when Moses came to Our appointed tryst and his Lord had spoken unto him, he said: My Lord! Show me (Thy Self), that I may gaze upon Thee. He said: Thou wilt not see Me, but gaze upon the mountain! If it stand still in its place, then thou wilt see Me. And when his Lord revealed (His) glory to the mountain He sent it crashing down. And Moses fell down senseless. And when he woke he said: Glory unto Thee! I turn unto Thee repentant, and I am the first of (true) believers.” (7:143) "and his Lord spoke to him, he said," “And when Moses came to Our appointed tryst and his Lord had spoken unto him, he said: My Lord! Show me (Thy Self), that I may gaze upon Thee. He said: Thou wilt not see Me, but gaze upon the mountain! If it stand still in its place, then thou wilt see Me. And when his Lord revealed (His) glory to the mountain He sent it crashing down. And Moses fell down senseless. And when he woke he said: Glory unto Thee! I turn unto Thee repentant, and I am the first of (true) believers.” (7:143) "He said, 'You shall not see Me,'" “And when Moses came to Our appointed tryst and his Lord had spoken unto him, he said: My Lord! Show me (Thy Self), that I may gaze upon Thee. He said: Thou wilt not see Me, but gaze upon the mountain! If it stand still in its place, then thou wilt see Me. And when his Lord revealed (His) glory to the mountain He sent it crashing down. And Moses fell down senseless. And when he woke he said: Glory unto Thee! I turn unto Thee repentant, and I am the first of (true) believers.” (7:143) “And when Moses came to Our appointed tryst and his Lord had spoken unto him, he said: My Lord! Show me (Thy Self), that I may gaze upon Thee. He said: Thou wilt not see Me, but gaze upon the mountain! If it stand still in its place, then thou wilt see Me. And when his Lord revealed (His) glory to the mountain He sent it crashing down. And Moses fell down senseless. And when he woke he said: Glory unto Thee! I turn unto Thee repentant, and I am the first of (true) believers.” (7:143) “And when Moses came to Our appointed tryst and his Lord had spoken unto him, he said: My Lord! Show me (Thy Self), that I may gaze upon Thee. He said: Thou wilt not see Me, but gaze upon the mountain! If it stand still in its place, then thou wilt see Me. And when his Lord revealed (His) glory to the mountain He sent it crashing down. And Moses fell down senseless. And when he woke he said: Glory unto Thee! I turn unto Thee repentant, and I am the first of (true) believers.” (7:143) "He made it collapse into dust," “And when Moses came to Our appointed tryst and his Lord had spoken unto him, he said: My Lord! Show me (Thy Self), that I may gaze upon Thee. He said: Thou wilt not see Me, but gaze upon the mountain! If it stand still in its place, then thou wilt see Me. And when his Lord revealed (His) glory to the mountain He sent it crashing down. And Moses fell down senseless. And when he woke he said: Glory unto Thee! I turn unto Thee repentant, and I am the first of (true) believers.” (7:143) "And when he awoke, he said," “And when Moses came to Our appointed tryst and his Lord had spoken unto him, he said: My Lord! Show me (Thy Self), that I may gaze upon Thee. He said: Thou wilt not see Me, but gaze upon the mountain! If it stand still in its place, then thou wilt see Me. And when his Lord revealed (His) glory to the mountain He sent it crashing down. And Moses fell down senseless. And when he woke he said: Glory unto Thee! I turn unto Thee repentant, and I am the first of (true) believers.” (7:143) "'the first of the believers.'" On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: Two men traded insults, one from among the Muslims and the other from the Jews. The Muslim said, "By the One Who chose Muhammad above all the worlds!" The Jew said, "By the One Who chose Moses above all the worlds!" The Muslim became angry with the Jew and slapped him. So the Jew went to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and informed him. The Messenger of Allah summoned him and said: "Do not claim superiority for me over Moses, for mankind will fall unconscious on the Day of Resurrection, and I will be the first to regain consciousness, only to find Moses already clutching the side of the Throne. I do not know whether he was among those who fell unconscious and revived before me, or if he was exempted due to his swoon at Mount Sinai." Agreed upon. Allah said to Moses, peace be upon him: "And what made you hasten ahead of your people, O Moses," advancing ahead of them and leaving them behind? Moses, peace be upon him, said: "They are right behind me and will catch up with me, and I hastened to You, my Lord, that You might be well pleased." Allah said: "We have indeed tested your people after your departure with the worship of the calf, and the Samiri has led them astray." As for the Children of Israel, their conduct was truly astonishing; for when they felt that the return of Moses, peace be upon him, was delayed, though he had informed them of his Lord's appointment of thirty nights, yet when Allah added ten more to it, that very extension became the source of their trial. A man among them called the Samiri said to them: "Moses was only kept away from you on account of the jewelry in your possession that you took from Egypt without right." So he commanded them, and they gathered the ornaments and handed them over to him. He cast them into the fire and fashioned for them out of it a golden calf. Then he threw upon it a handful of dust from the hoofprints of Gabriel's steed, peace be upon him. When he cast that handful over it, it became an inanimate calf that made a lowing sound. So he said to them: “Then he produced for them a calf, of saffron hue, which gave forth a lowing sound. And they cried: This is your god and the god of Moses, but he hath forgotten.” (20:88) "Moses forgot it here, and went searching for it upon the mountain." It was also said he meant: "He forgot to mention to you that this is your god." So the Children of Israel devoted themselves to it, loving it with an affection unlike anything they had ever loved before, and they began dancing around it and worshipping it. And as Allah said regarding them: “And when We made with you a covenant and caused the Mount to tower above you, (saying): Hold fast by that which We have given you, and hear (Our Word), they said: We hear and we rebel. And (worship of) the calf was made to sink into their hearts because of their rejection (of the covenant). Say (unto them): Evil is that which your belief enjoineth on you, if ye are believers.” (2:93) Aaron, peace be upon him, said to them: "O my people, you have only been tested by this calf, so that the believer among you may be distinguished from the disbeliever. Indeed, your Lord is the Most Merciful and none other, so follow me in that to which I call you, namely the worship of Allah, and obey my command in adhering to His law." But they responded to him, saying: "We will never abandon worshipping the calf, and we will remain devoted to it right here, “They said: We shall by no means cease to be its votaries till Moses return unto us.” (20:91) listening to its sound." They vigorously opposed Aaron regarding this, and they nearly killed him. So he withdrew from them along with twelve thousand men who had not worshipped the calf. Moses (peace be upon him) returned to his people, angry and grieved. He addressed them by way of stern rebuke and reprimand: “Then Moses went back unto his folk, angry and sad. He said: O my people! Hath not your Lord promised you a fair promise? Did the time appointed then appear too long for you, or did ye wish that wrath from your Lord should come upon you, that ye broke tryst with me?” (20:86) "You have no way to deny it! And part of this gracious promise was the revelation of the Torah for your guidance and happiness, and the destruction of your enemy before your very eyes. Why, then, did you turn away from worshipping and obeying Him, even as you thrive upon His bounties and provision? Did the time of my absence seem too long to you, “Then Moses went back unto his folk, angry and sad. He said: O my people! Hath not your Lord promised you a fair promise? Did the time appointed then appear too long for you, or did ye wish that wrath from your Lord should come upon you, that ye broke tryst with me?” (20:86) so that you broke the pledge you had made to me? Which was to remain steadfast upon sincere worship of Allah alone, and then join me at Mount Sinai?" They said, "We did not break our promise to you of our own will and choice, but we were weighed down with burdens of the ornaments of the Copts, which we had taken from them without right. So we cast them into the fire at the suggestion of the Samiri." The Samiri likewise cast in the ornaments he had with him. The upshot of the excuse offered by these foolish people is that they felt scruples over the Egyptian jewelry, yet cast it off only to worship the calf! They showed scrupulousness regarding a trivial matter, while committing a monstrous crime! Moses (peace be upon him) then turned to his brother Aaron, enraged for the sake of his Lord and His religion. He seized the hair of his head with his right hand and his beard with his left, saying, "What prevented you, when you saw that they had gone astray and disbelieved, from following after me and informing me of their deviation? Did you disobey my command?" Aaron said to him, pleading for his forbearance: "O son of my mother, do not seize me by my beard nor by the hair of my head! Indeed, I had an excuse for remaining among them: I feared that if I left them alone, they would divide among themselves, and you would say, 'You caused division among them, and did not heed my counsel regarding them.' " He also said, "Indeed, the people overpowered me and were about to kill me, “And when Moses returned unto his people, angry and grieved, he said: Evil is that (course) which ye took after I had left you. Would ye hasten on the judgment of your Lord? And he cast down the tablets, and he seized his brother by the head, dragging him toward him. He said: Son of my mother! Lo! the folk did judge me weak and almost killed me. Oh, make not mine enemies to triumph over me and place me not among the evil-doers.” (7:150) so do not count me among them in their transgression!" So Moses accepted the excuse of his brother Aaron, and prayed for him. “He said: My Lord! Have mercy on me and on my brother; bring us into Thy mercy, Thou the Most Merciful of all who show mercy.” (7:151) “He said: My Lord! Have mercy on me and on my brother; bring us into Thy mercy, Thou the Most Merciful of all who show mercy.” (7:151) Moses (peace be upon him) then turned angrily toward the Samiri, the instigator and mastermind of this tribulation. He began to censure and rebuke him, saying: "What is the matter with you, O Samiri? What drove you to do what you did?" The Samiri replied: "I perceived what the people did not perceive, and saw what they did not see." It is narrated that the Samiri saw Gabriel (peace be upon him) when he came to Moses to guide him to the appointed meeting with his Lord. None of Moses' people saw Gabriel except the Samiri. He observed that wherever Gabriel's steed set its hoof, vegetation sprang green. Thus he realized that the dust touched by the steed's hoof possessed extraordinary virtue. So he took a handful of that dust, and threw it into the molten jewelry, and it turned into an image of a calf that produced a lowing sound. The Samiri said: "So I fashioned this calf for them, and such an act was enticed and made alluring to me by my own soul." He intended that the Children of Israel would abandon the worship of your God, O Moses, and worship the calf he had fashioned for them. Moses said to the Samiri: "Since you have done this, then be gone! For throughout your life, your fate shall be to suffer total ostracism by mankind, and to say to anyone who approaches you: 'Touch me not!' Meaning: I shall touch no one, and no one shall touch me; I shall associate with no one, and no one shall associate with me." It was said: He was afflicted in this world with a punishment none could find more appalling or desolate, in that he was utterly barred from mingling with people: they were forbidden from meeting him, speaking to him, buying and selling with him, facing him, or engaging in any of the normal interactions of daily life. Whenever he happened to touch anyone, man or woman, both the toucher and the touched were struck with fever; that is, afflicted with a burning fever. So he shunned people, and they shunned him, and he would constantly cry out, "Touch me not!" He became more isolated among men than a murderer seeking sanctuary in the Sacred Precinct, and wilder than a startled beast in the wilderness. The wisdom behind punishing his crime in this specific manner was that he had sought prominence over the people so that they would rally around and revere him; thus, his deed became the very cause of their estrangement from him and his humiliation. Moses then made clear to him his punishment in the Hereafter, saying: "And indeed, you have an appointment in the Hereafter which Allah will never fail to keep; rather, He will surely execute it against you, visiting upon you on that Day the agonizing torment you deserve for your deviation and for leading others astray. And look at your god to which you have remained devoted, persisting in its worship instead of Allah! We will certainly burn it with fire until it melts, then scatter its dust into the sea, leaving not a trace of it." Moses (peace be upon him) then returned to those of his people who had worshipped the calf. “And when Moses said unto his people: O my people! Ye have wronged yourselves by your choosing of the calf (for worship) so turn in penitence to your Creator, and kill (the guilty) yourselves. That will be best for you with your Creator and He will relent toward you. Lo! He is the Relenting, the Merciful.” (2:54) They asked, "What should we do?" He said, "Turn back to your Creator and repent to Him." They asked, "And how are we to repent?" He said, "Allah commands you to execute the guilty among you." Meaning: the innocent among you must kill the guilty. "That is better for you in the sight of your Creator." They replied, "We submit patiently to the command of Allah." So Allah Almighty cast over them a dark cloud until they could no longer see one another, and they slew one another until evening came. When the slaying grew intense, Moses and Aaron (peace be upon them) supplicated, saying, "O our Lord, the Children of Israel are perishing! Spare the remainder! Spare the remainder!" So Allah Almighty lifted the cloud and commanded them to cease the slaying. It cleared away, revealing thousands of slain. It was said that the number of the dead reached seventy thousand. This weighed heavily upon Moses (peace be upon him), so Allah Almighty revealed to him: "Does it not please you that I admit both the slayer and the slain into Paradise?" Thus, whoever was killed died as a martyr, and whoever survived had their sins expiated. Allah Almighty said: “And when Moses said unto his people: O my people! Ye have wronged yourselves by your choosing of the calf (for worship) so turn in penitence to your Creator, and kill (the guilty) yourselves. That will be best for you with your Creator and He will relent toward you. Lo! He is the Relenting, the Merciful.” (2:54) "...by your taking of the calf [for worship]. So repent..." "...so repent to your Creator..." "...and kill yourselves..." “And when Moses said unto his people: O my people! Ye have wronged yourselves by your choosing of the calf (for worship) so turn in penitence to your Creator, and kill (the guilty) yourselves. That will be best for you with your Creator and He will relent toward you. Lo! He is the Relenting, the Merciful.” (2:54) "...and He accepted your repentance..." "...indeed, He is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful." Allah Almighty commanded Moses (peace be upon him) to come before Him with a delegation from the Children of Israel, to offer their repentance to Him for worshipping the calf. He appointed a time for their meeting. Moses chose seventy men from his people under his own supervision, selecting the very best of them, and said to them: "Set out with me to Allah, ask His pardon for what you have done, and beg His forgiveness for those of your people whom you left behind. Fast, purify yourselves, and cleanse your garments." Then he went out with them to Mount Sinai for the appointed meeting with his Lord. When they arrived at that place, they grew insolent and said: "We will never believe in you, Moses, until we see Allah openly! For you have spoken with Him, so show Him to us!" And these were the very best of the Children of Israel! Thereupon, the thunderbolt seized them, and they all fell dead. Moses stood beseeching and supplicating his Lord, saying: "My Lord, what shall I say to the Children of Israel when I meet them, now that You have destroyed the best among them? If You had willed, my Lord, You could have destroyed them all before, and me along with them; that would have been easier for me to bear. Will You destroy us for what the foolish among us have done? This act committed by my people in worshipping the calf was nothing but a trial and a test from You, by which You lead astray whom You will among Your creation, and guide whom You will to guidance. You are our Protector and Helper, so forgive us and have mercy upon us by Your grace; and You are the best of those who pardon offenses and conceal sins." So Allah answered his prayer and restored them to life after their death, and He forgave them their insolent demand. Allah Almighty said: "And [remember] when you said, 'O Moses...'" “And when ye said: O Moses! We will not believe in thee till we see Allah plainly; and even while ye gazed the lightning seized you.” (2:55) "...so the thunderbolt seized you..." "...so the thunderbolt seized you..." "...while you were looking on." “Then We revived you after your extinction, that ye might give thanks.” (2:56) "...that perhaps you would be grateful." To be continued, if Allah wills. And Allah knows best; all praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds. May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions. You have been listening to Stories of the Prophets. Related to guide the believer. May Allah send blessings upon our Master; let us end with prayer upon him.