In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation
It was summarized by Dr. Aqeel bin Salem Al-Shammari
Surah Al-A'raf
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
We appointed Moses for thirty nights
We completed it with ten
So he completed the appointed time of his Lord for forty nights
Moses said to his brother Aaron
He succeeded me among my people and made amends
Do not follow the path of corruptors
And Moses appointed us to converse with us for thirty nights
We turned thirty tonight
With ten nights, forty nights are completed
So the time that God promised Moses completed forty nights and reached it
Moses said to his brother Aaron
Be my successor among them until I return
Reform them by making them obey and worship God
And do not follow the path of those who spread corruption on earth by disobeying their Lord
But follow the path of those who are obedient to their Lord
And when Moses came to Our time and his Lord spoke to him
He said, Lord, show me that I may look at you
He said you will not see me, but look at the mountain
If he stays in his place, you will see me
When his Lord appeared to the mountain, He made it flat
He made it crushed, and Moses fell down stunned
When he woke up, he said, Glory be to You, I repent to You, and I am the first of the believers
And when Moses came at the time he promised to meet us
And his Lord spoke to him. Moses said to his Lord, “Show me, I will look at you.”
God said to him, “You will not see me, but look at the mountain.”
If he stays in his place, you will see me
When the Lord looked at the mountain, God made the mountain level with the ground
Moses fell unconscious
When he returned to Moses, peace be upon him, he came out of his trance and said:
My honor to you, my Lord, and your freedom for anyone to see you in this world
I repent to you from my request. Beware of what I asked of you regarding the vision
I am the first of the believers among the children of Israel from my people
No one will see you in this world but perish
He said, “O Moses, I have chosen you over the people with My messages and my words.”
With my messages and with my words, take what I have given you, and how many are thankful
God said to Moses
O Moses, I chose you over people with My messages to My creation
I sent you with it to them and with my words
I spoke to you and saved you, without anyone else among my creation
So take what I have given you of my commands and prohibitions and stick to them
And be thankful to God for the message He has given you
And We wrote for him on tablets of everything, an admonition and a detailed explanation
A sermon and a detailed explanation of everything, so take it firmly and command your people to take the best of it
I will show you the abode of the sinners
We wrote to Moses in his tablets of reminders and warnings about the greatness of God
An admonition to his people and a clarification of everything about God’s commands and prohibitions
And We said to Moses, “Take the tablets firmly.”
And command your people, the Children of Israel, to do the best they find therein
Take it hard at work including diligence
For those who associate me with me are among them and others
In the afterlife, I will show him the abode of the transgressors
It is the fire of God that He prepared for His enemies
God told that He would ignore His evidence and signs of the truth of what He commanded His servants to do
And every existing thing is from His creation and from His signs
The Qur’an is also one of its verses
He will turn away from His signs the arrogant people on earth without right
They denied Our signs and were heedless of them
God told that He would ignore His evidence and signs of the truth of what He commanded His servants to do
And if he sees those who are arrogant on earth without right
Every argument for God’s oneness and divinity
They do not believe in this verse that it indicates what it is an argument for
And if these people see the path of guidance and payment
They do not follow it and do not make it their own path
Their ignorance and confusion
And if they see the path to destruction
They follow it and make it their own way
For God to divert them from His signs
This is a punishment from us to them for their disbelief in our verses
And they were heedless of Our signs and did not think about them
It is not easy for them to be considered
So they will be rewarded except for what they used to do
The children of Israel took the people of Moses
After Moses left them
Going to his Lord, his Lord
As if they were unjust
The children of Israel took the people of Moses
After Moses left them
Going to his Lord to pray to Him
Among their adornments is a calf, a body that has the sound of a cow
So they worshiped him
Did he not see those who devoted themselves to the calf worshiping it?
The calf does not speak to them or guide them to a path
They took the calf to her
By taking him as their Lord, they were worshiped
They are unjust to themselves
To worship them other than those who are worthy of worship
Whatever fell into their hands, and they saw that they had remained, they said, “If our Lord does not have mercy on us and forgive us, we will be among the losers.”
And when those who worshiped the calf regretted it when Moses returned to them and submitted to Moses and his rule over them, and saw that they had intentionally strayed from the path and disbelieved in their Lord, they said
Because if our Lord does not show mercy to us by His mercy and cover our sins, we will be among the lost whose deeds have become worthless.
When Moses returned to his people, he was filled with grief and said: “How miserable is what you left behind me after me.”
You hastened the command of your Lord, and he threw down the tablets and took hold of his brother's head, dragging him to him
He said, "We are a nation. The people considered me weak and almost killed me. So do not let my enemies gloat over me and do not place me with the unjust people."
When Moses returned to his people from the Children of Israel, Ghaban returned with regret because God had told him that he had tempted his people and that the Samaritan had led them astray.
Moses said: “What an evil deed you did after I left you. You preceded the command of your Lord in your souls and turned away from Him.”
Moses threw the tablets because of his anger at his people for worshiping the calf, and he took hold of his brother’s head, dragging it to him
Because he blamed his brother Aaron for abandoning his followers
Aaron said, pleading with himself for his mother's womb, his mother's son, that the people who devoted themselves to worshiping the calf considered me weak and almost killed me.
So do not let the enemies gloat over me and please them with what you do to me, and do not make me feel that you are against me, and I did not disobey your command in the place of one who disobeyed you and disobeyed your command and worshiped the calf after you and thus wronged himself.
He said, “Lord, forgive me and my brother and admit us into Your mercy, for You are the Most Merciful of those who show mercy.”
Moses said, “My Lord, forgive me, asking for forgiveness for what he did to his brother and to his brother from his predecessors.” Between him and God, our sins are covered with a veil from You by which You cover them, and have mercy on us with Your vast mercy, for You are more merciful to Your servants than anyone who has mercy on anything.
Those who adopted the calf will incur wrath from their Lord and humiliation in this worldly life, and thus We reward the inventors
Indeed, those who took the calf to it will receive wrath from their Lord because God hastened that for them, and humiliation will befall them for their disbelief in their Lord in the immediate life of this world before the later life of the Hereafter.
And just as I rewarded those who adopted the calf as their idol, so We will reward everyone who slanders God and acknowledges the divinity of others and worships any idol other than Him, if he does not repent of his disbelief.
And those who committed evil deeds and then repented from some of them and believed. Indeed, your Lord is Forgiving and Merciful from some of them
He will cover for them their evil deeds and will not expose them to them. He is merciful to them and to all who are like them
When Moses' anger was silent, he took the tablets, and in their copies was guidance and mercy for those who fear their Lord.
When Moses stopped being angry, he took the tablets after he had thrown them, and what was written on them was an explanation of the truth and a mercy for those who fear God and fear His punishment for their transgressions.
And Moses chose his people seventy men for Our appointed time, and when the tremor seized them, he said, “My Lord, if You had wished, You could have destroyed them before, and with him, You would destroy us, because of what the foolish among us did.”
It is nothing but your trial, with which you lead astray whomever you wish and guide whomever you wish. You are our guardian, so forgive us and have mercy on us, and you are the best of forgivers.
And Moses chose seventy men from his people at the time and the term that God promised him that he would meet him in which he would repent for what had been the actions of their foolish people regarding the calf.
When He killed them and deprived them of their understanding, Moses stood up and called upon his Lord. What shall I say to the Children of Israel if I come to them and have destroyed the best of them?
If You had wished, You could have destroyed them before, and You could have destroyed us with it, because of what the foolish among us did by worshiping those who worshiped the calf
This action that my people did is nothing but a test on your part that you afflicted them with so that it may become clear who strays from the truth and who is guided. That you support us, so cover for us our sins by abandoning our punishment for them, and be compassionate to us with your mercy, and you are the best of those who forgive a crime and cover up a sin.
I leave you to punish her and show her mercy and peace