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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Ma‘arij.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“A questioner questioned concerning the doom about to fall” (70:1)

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“Upon the disbelievers, which none can repel,” (70:2)

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“From Allah, Lord of the Ascending Stairways” (70:3)

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“(Whereby) the angels and the Spirit ascend unto Him in a Day whereof the span is fifty thousand years.” (70:4)

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On a day the measure of which is

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fifty thousand years.

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A questioner asked about the punishment of Allah that is bound to befall

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the disbelievers.

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There is no one to avert the punishment that befalls the disbelievers

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from Allah, for there is no one to ward it off from them.

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It is from Allah, the Lord of Exaltation and Degrees,

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and of bounties and graces.

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The angels and Gabriel, peace be upon him, ascend

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to Allah, the Almighty.

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On a day the measure of their ascent is

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fifty thousand years.

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This is because they ascend from the furthest extent of His command,

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from the bottom of the seventh earth,

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to the furthest extent of His command,

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above the seven heavens.

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So endure with a beautiful patience.

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Indeed, they see it as distant,

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while We see it as near.

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“The day when the sky will become as molten copper,” (70:8)

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And the mountains will be like tufted wool.

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“And no familiar friend will ask a question of his friend” (70:10)

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So endure, O Muhammad, with a patience

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that contains no despair regarding the harm of these polytheists.

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Indeed, these polytheists

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see the punishment they asked about as distant in its occurrence,

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because they did not believe in it,

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and they denied the resurrection after death.

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But We see it as near,

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because it is inevitable, and everything that is to come is near.

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On the day when the sky will be like molten metal,

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and the mountains will be like wool.

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No close friend will ask a close friend,

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no close friend will ask a close friend,

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about his condition, for he will be preoccupied with his own.

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They will be made to see them.

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“Though they will be given sight of them. The guilty man will long to be able to ransom himself from the punishment of that day at the price of his children” (70:11)

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“Though they will be given sight of them. The guilty man will long to be able to ransom himself from the punishment of that day at the price of his children” (70:11)

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And his spouse and his brother,

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and his kin who sheltered him,

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and all who are on earth,

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then save him.

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Relatives will see their relatives,

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and they will recognize them,

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then some will flee from others.

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The disbeliever will wish on that day,

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and will hope that he could ransom himself

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from the punishment of Allah on that day

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with his children, his spouse,

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who is his wife, his brother, and his kin,

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who are his clan that sheltered him,

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meaning those who took him into their fold.

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And with all who are on earth among the creation,

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if that could save him from the punishment of Allah on that day.

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He began by mentioning the children,

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then the spouse, then the brother,

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to inform His servants

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that the disbeliever, due to the magnitude of what befalls him

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on that day of affliction,

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would ransom himself if he could find a way to do so,

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with the people most beloved to him in this world,

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and those closest to him in lineage.

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No! Indeed, it is a Flame,

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stripping away the skin.

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It invites him who turned his back and went away,

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and collected wealth and hoarded it.

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No, it is not as they wish;

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nothing will save him from the punishment of Allah.

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Indeed, it is a Flame,

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and al-Laza is one of the names of Hell.

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It strips away the scalp and the extremities of the body.

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The Flame invites to itself

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whoever turned his back in this world to the obedience of Allah,

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and turned away from believing in His Book and His messengers,

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and collected wealth and placed it in a container,

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and withheld the right of Allah from it.

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He did not pay zakat, nor did he spend it in the ways Allah obligated him to spend.

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Indeed, mankind was created anxious.

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“Fretful when evil befalleth him” (70:20)

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“And, when good befalleth him, grudging;” (70:21)

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Except the observers of prayer.

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“Who are constant at their worship” (70:23)

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Indeed, the human being—the disbeliever—was created anxious,

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and 'al-hala' (anxiety),

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is intense distress combined with intense greed and impatience.

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When his wealth decreases and he is struck by poverty and need,

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he is distressed by that and has no patience for it.

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And when his wealth increases and he attains affluence,

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he is stingy with what is in his hand, withholding it,

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not spending it in the obedience of Allah,

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nor fulfilling the right of Allah from it.

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Except for those who obey Allah

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by performing the prayer that is obligatory upon them,

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and they are constant in performing it,

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not neglecting any part of it.

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Such people are not included among those who were created anxious.

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“And in whose wealth there is a right acknowledged” (70:24)

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For the seeker and the deprived.

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“And those who believe in the Day of Judgment,” (70:26)

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“And those who are fearful of their Lord's doom -” (70:27)

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“Lo! the doom of their Lord is that before which none can feel secure -” (70:28)

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And those in whose wealth there is a known right,

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which is the zakat,

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for the seeker who asks him for his wealth,

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and the deprived who has been denied affluence,

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so he is poor but does not ask.

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And those who believe in the Day of Resurrection and Recompense,

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and those who are fearful of the punishment of their Lord,

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fearing that He will punish them in the Hereafter.

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Out of that fear, they do not neglect any of His obligations,

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nor do they transgress His limits.

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“Lo! the doom of their Lord is that before which none can feel secure -” (70:28)

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That it might reach those who disobeyed Him and opposed His command.

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And those who guard their chastity,

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except from their wives or those their right hands possess,

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for they are not to be blamed.

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But whoever seeks beyond that,

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then they are the transgressors.

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And those who guard their chastity

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from everything Allah has forbidden them to place it in,

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except that they are not to be blamed

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for not guarding it with their wives,

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or what their right hands possess of their slave women.

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So whoever seeks for his private parts a place of intercourse

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other than his wife or his slave woman,

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then those who do so are the transgressors,

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who transgressed what Allah made lawful for them

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to what He forbade them.

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They are the ones to be blamed.

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And those who are faithful to their trusts and their covenants.

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“And those who stand by their testimony” (70:33)

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“And those who are attentive at their worship.” (70:34)

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“These will dwell in Gardens, honoured.” (70:35)

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And those who are faithful to the trusts of Allah,

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which He entrusted them with regarding His obligations,

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and the trusts of His servants which they were entrusted with,

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and the covenants He took from them

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to obey Him in what He commanded and forbade them,

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and the covenants of His servants which He gave them,

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regarding what He bound Himself to for them.

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They are faithful, watching over that,

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and preserving it, so they do not neglect it.

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Rather, they fulfill them and uphold them

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according to what Allah has bound them to,

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and obligated them to preserve.

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And those who do not conceal their testimony,

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but rather they stand to fulfill it

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whenever its fulfillment is required of them,

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without changing or altering it.

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And those who, regarding the times of their prayers

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which Allah has obligated upon them,

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and the limits He has imposed upon them,

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are constant.

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They do not neglect any of its times or limits.

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Those who perform these deeds

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will be honored in gardens.

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Allah will honor them with His generosity.

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So what is the matter with those who disbelieve,

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hastening before you,

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from the right and from the left, in separate groups?

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“Doth every man among them hope to enter the Garden of Delight?” (70:38)

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“Doth every man among them hope to enter the Garden of Delight?” (70:38)

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No! Indeed, We created them

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from that which they know.

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What is the matter with those who disbelieve in Allah,

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hastening before you, O Muhammad,

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from your right, O Muhammad,

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and from your left, in separate groups,

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in circles and gatherings,

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group by group,

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turning away from you and from the Book of Allah?

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Does every person among them aspire

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“What aileth those who disbelieve, that they keep staring toward thee (O Muhammad), open-eyed,” (70:36)

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that Allah will admit him into gardens of bliss,

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to enjoy them?

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No! The matter is not as they aspire,

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these disbelievers,

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that each one of them will be admitted

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into a garden of bliss.

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Indeed, We created them from a base fluid.

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And only those among them who deserve it

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by their obedience will be admitted to Paradise.

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So how can they aspire to enter Paradise

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while they are disobedient disbelievers?

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“But nay! I swear by the Lord of the rising-places and the setting-places of the planets that We verily are Able” (70:40)

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and the places of sunset.

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Indeed, We are capable

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of replacing them

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with better than them,

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and We are not to be outrun.

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So I swear by the Lord of the risings

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of the earth and its settings,

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that We are capable

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of destroying them

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and bringing better than them,

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who will obey Me and not disobey Me.

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And no one among them can escape Us

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regarding any matter We desire of him,

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so as to frustrate Us by fleeing.

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So leave them to indulge in their falsehood and play

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until they meet their day

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which they are promised.

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The day they will emerge

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from the graves, racing,

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as if they were toward a goal

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rushing.

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Their eyes humbled,

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humiliation will cover them.

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That is the day which

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they were promised.

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So leave these polytheists

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to indulge in their falsehood,

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And let them play in this worldly life,

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until they encounter the punishment

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of the Day of Resurrection which they were promised.

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The day they emerge

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from their graves in haste,

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as if they were racing toward a goal

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that had been set up for them.

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Their eyes will be cast down,

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due to what they are in

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of disgrace and humiliation.

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A state of abasement will cover them.

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This is the day whose description has been detailed.

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The polytheists of Quraysh

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were promised in this world

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that they would encounter it in the Hereafter,

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yet they used to deny it.

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This is the summary from the Tafsir of al-Tabari.