WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.200 --> 00:00:08.080 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.589 --> 00:00:12.789 Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:14.339 --> 00:00:16.539 Surah al-Ma‘arij. 00:00:16.739 --> 00:00:23.339 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.539 --> 00:00:30.539 “A questioner questioned concerning the doom about to fall” (70:1) 00:00:30.739 --> 00:00:34.740 “Upon the disbelievers, which none can repel,” (70:2) 00:00:34.939 --> 00:00:37.939 “From Allah, Lord of the Ascending Stairways” (70:3) 00:00:38.140 --> 00:00:42.740 “(Whereby) the angels and the Spirit ascend unto Him in a Day whereof the span is fifty thousand years.” (70:4) 00:00:42.939 --> 00:00:49.939 On a day the measure of which is 00:00:50.140 --> 00:00:52.740 fifty thousand years. 00:00:53.990 --> 00:00:57.990 A questioner asked about the punishment of Allah that is bound to befall 00:00:58.189 --> 00:00:59.990 the disbelievers. 00:01:00.189 --> 00:01:02.990 There is no one to avert the punishment that befalls the disbelievers 00:01:02.990 --> 00:01:05.989 from Allah, for there is no one to ward it off from them. 00:01:06.189 --> 00:01:09.019 It is from Allah, the Lord of Exaltation and Degrees, 00:01:09.219 --> 00:01:11.019 and of bounties and graces. 00:01:11.219 --> 00:01:14.019 The angels and Gabriel, peace be upon him, ascend 00:01:14.219 --> 00:01:16.019 to Allah, the Almighty. 00:01:16.219 --> 00:01:19.019 On a day the measure of their ascent is 00:01:19.219 --> 00:01:20.819 fifty thousand years. 00:01:21.019 --> 00:01:24.019 This is because they ascend from the furthest extent of His command, 00:01:24.219 --> 00:01:26.019 from the bottom of the seventh earth, 00:01:26.219 --> 00:01:28.019 to the furthest extent of His command, 00:01:28.219 --> 00:01:30.019 above the seven heavens. 00:01:31.950 --> 00:01:34.950 So endure with a beautiful patience. 00:01:35.150 --> 00:01:38.950 Indeed, they see it as distant, 00:01:39.150 --> 00:01:41.950 while We see it as near. 00:01:42.150 --> 00:01:46.950 “The day when the sky will become as molten copper,” (70:8) 00:01:47.150 --> 00:01:50.950 And the mountains will be like tufted wool. 00:01:51.150 --> 00:01:54.950 “And no familiar friend will ask a question of his friend” (70:10) 00:01:55.150 --> 00:01:57.689 So endure, O Muhammad, with a patience 00:01:57.890 --> 00:02:00.689 that contains no despair regarding the harm of these polytheists. 00:02:00.689 --> 00:02:02.689 Indeed, these polytheists 00:02:02.920 --> 00:02:06.719 see the punishment they asked about as distant in its occurrence, 00:02:06.920 --> 00:02:09.719 because they did not believe in it, 00:02:09.919 --> 00:02:12.719 and they denied the resurrection after death. 00:02:12.919 --> 00:02:14.719 But We see it as near, 00:02:14.919 --> 00:02:19.719 because it is inevitable, and everything that is to come is near. 00:02:19.919 --> 00:02:22.780 On the day when the sky will be like molten metal, 00:02:22.979 --> 00:02:25.780 and the mountains will be like wool. 00:02:25.979 --> 00:02:28.879 No close friend will ask a close friend, 00:02:28.879 --> 00:02:30.879 no close friend will ask a close friend, 00:02:31.080 --> 00:02:35.840 about his condition, for he will be preoccupied with his own. 00:02:36.039 --> 00:02:37.840 They will be made to see them. 00:02:38.039 --> 00:02:40.840 “Though they will be given sight of them. The guilty man will long to be able to ransom himself from the punishment of that day at the price of his children” (70:11) 00:02:41.039 --> 00:02:45.840 “Though they will be given sight of them. The guilty man will long to be able to ransom himself from the punishment of that day at the price of his children” (70:11) 00:02:46.039 --> 00:02:49.840 And his spouse and his brother, 00:02:50.039 --> 00:02:54.840 and his kin who sheltered him, 00:02:55.039 --> 00:02:57.840 and all who are on earth, 00:02:57.840 --> 00:03:01.840 then save him. 00:03:03.060 --> 00:03:05.860 Relatives will see their relatives, 00:03:06.060 --> 00:03:07.860 and they will recognize them, 00:03:08.060 --> 00:03:10.860 then some will flee from others. 00:03:11.060 --> 00:03:12.860 The disbeliever will wish on that day, 00:03:13.060 --> 00:03:14.860 and will hope that he could ransom himself 00:03:15.060 --> 00:03:17.860 from the punishment of Allah on that day 00:03:18.060 --> 00:03:19.860 with his children, his spouse, 00:03:20.060 --> 00:03:23.860 who is his wife, his brother, and his kin, 00:03:24.060 --> 00:03:26.860 who are his clan that sheltered him, 00:03:26.860 --> 00:03:29.860 meaning those who took him into their fold. 00:03:30.060 --> 00:03:32.860 And with all who are on earth among the creation, 00:03:33.060 --> 00:03:37.960 if that could save him from the punishment of Allah on that day. 00:03:38.159 --> 00:03:39.960 He began by mentioning the children, 00:03:40.159 --> 00:03:42.360 then the spouse, then the brother, 00:03:42.560 --> 00:03:44.360 to inform His servants 00:03:44.560 --> 00:03:46.960 that the disbeliever, due to the magnitude of what befalls him 00:03:47.159 --> 00:03:48.960 on that day of affliction, 00:03:49.159 --> 00:03:52.960 would ransom himself if he could find a way to do so, 00:03:53.159 --> 00:03:55.560 with the people most beloved to him in this world, 00:03:55.560 --> 00:03:57.560 and those closest to him in lineage. 00:03:57.759 --> 00:04:03.389 No! Indeed, it is a Flame, 00:04:03.590 --> 00:04:06.389 stripping away the skin. 00:04:06.590 --> 00:04:10.389 It invites him who turned his back and went away, 00:04:10.590 --> 00:04:12.789 and collected wealth and hoarded it. 00:04:12.990 --> 00:04:16.339 No, it is not as they wish; 00:04:16.540 --> 00:04:19.540 nothing will save him from the punishment of Allah. 00:04:19.740 --> 00:04:21.339 Indeed, it is a Flame, 00:04:21.540 --> 00:04:24.540 and al-Laza is one of the names of Hell. 00:04:24.970 --> 00:04:28.970 It strips away the scalp and the extremities of the body. 00:04:29.170 --> 00:04:30.970 The Flame invites to itself 00:04:31.170 --> 00:04:33.970 whoever turned his back in this world to the obedience of Allah, 00:04:34.170 --> 00:04:37.769 and turned away from believing in His Book and His messengers, 00:04:37.970 --> 00:04:41.170 and collected wealth and placed it in a container, 00:04:41.370 --> 00:04:43.370 and withheld the right of Allah from it. 00:04:43.569 --> 00:04:49.699 He did not pay zakat, nor did he spend it in the ways Allah obligated him to spend. 00:04:49.899 --> 00:04:55.379 Indeed, mankind was created anxious. 00:04:55.379 --> 00:04:58.980 “Fretful when evil befalleth him” (70:20) 00:04:59.180 --> 00:05:02.980 “And, when good befalleth him, grudging;” (70:21) 00:05:03.180 --> 00:05:06.649 Except the observers of prayer. 00:05:06.850 --> 00:05:12.850 “Who are constant at their worship” (70:23) 00:05:13.050 --> 00:05:17.089 Indeed, the human being—the disbeliever—was created anxious, 00:05:17.290 --> 00:05:18.490 and 'al-hala' (anxiety), 00:05:18.689 --> 00:05:22.089 is intense distress combined with intense greed and impatience. 00:05:22.290 --> 00:05:25.889 When his wealth decreases and he is struck by poverty and need, 00:05:26.089 --> 00:05:29.889 he is distressed by that and has no patience for it. 00:05:30.089 --> 00:05:32.889 And when his wealth increases and he attains affluence, 00:05:33.089 --> 00:05:36.490 he is stingy with what is in his hand, withholding it, 00:05:36.689 --> 00:05:38.889 not spending it in the obedience of Allah, 00:05:39.089 --> 00:05:41.689 nor fulfilling the right of Allah from it. 00:05:41.889 --> 00:05:43.889 Except for those who obey Allah 00:05:44.089 --> 00:05:46.889 by performing the prayer that is obligatory upon them, 00:05:47.089 --> 00:05:49.889 and they are constant in performing it, 00:05:50.089 --> 00:05:52.689 not neglecting any part of it. 00:05:52.889 --> 00:05:58.779 Such people are not included among those who were created anxious. 00:05:58.980 --> 00:06:05.579 “And in whose wealth there is a right acknowledged” (70:24) 00:06:05.779 --> 00:06:10.779 For the seeker and the deprived. 00:06:10.980 --> 00:06:15.779 “And those who believe in the Day of Judgment,” (70:26) 00:06:15.980 --> 00:06:22.779 “And those who are fearful of their Lord's doom -” (70:27) 00:06:23.180 --> 00:06:29.790 “Lo! the doom of their Lord is that before which none can feel secure -” (70:28) 00:06:29.990 --> 00:06:33.589 And those in whose wealth there is a known right, 00:06:33.790 --> 00:06:35.189 which is the zakat, 00:06:35.389 --> 00:06:38.189 for the seeker who asks him for his wealth, 00:06:38.389 --> 00:06:41.189 and the deprived who has been denied affluence, 00:06:41.389 --> 00:06:43.860 so he is poor but does not ask. 00:06:44.060 --> 00:06:48.060 And those who believe in the Day of Resurrection and Recompense, 00:06:48.259 --> 00:06:51.660 and those who are fearful of the punishment of their Lord, 00:06:51.860 --> 00:06:54.060 fearing that He will punish them in the Hereafter. 00:06:54.259 --> 00:06:58.259 Out of that fear, they do not neglect any of His obligations, 00:06:58.459 --> 00:07:01.060 nor do they transgress His limits. 00:07:01.259 --> 00:07:03.660 “Lo! the doom of their Lord is that before which none can feel secure -” (70:28) 00:07:03.860 --> 00:07:07.889 That it might reach those who disobeyed Him and opposed His command. 00:07:08.089 --> 00:07:12.889 And those who guard their chastity, 00:07:13.089 --> 00:07:18.290 except from their wives or those their right hands possess, 00:07:18.490 --> 00:07:22.290 for they are not to be blamed. 00:07:22.290 --> 00:07:26.290 But whoever seeks beyond that, 00:07:26.490 --> 00:07:31.850 then they are the transgressors. 00:07:32.050 --> 00:07:34.449 And those who guard their chastity 00:07:34.649 --> 00:07:38.250 from everything Allah has forbidden them to place it in, 00:07:38.449 --> 00:07:40.449 except that they are not to be blamed 00:07:40.649 --> 00:07:42.850 for not guarding it with their wives, 00:07:43.050 --> 00:07:46.449 or what their right hands possess of their slave women. 00:07:46.649 --> 00:07:48.850 So whoever seeks for his private parts a place of intercourse 00:07:49.050 --> 00:07:51.449 other than his wife or his slave woman, 00:07:51.649 --> 00:07:54.250 then those who do so are the transgressors, 00:07:54.449 --> 00:07:57.050 who transgressed what Allah made lawful for them 00:07:57.250 --> 00:07:59.050 to what He forbade them. 00:07:59.250 --> 00:08:01.949 They are the ones to be blamed. 00:08:02.149 --> 00:08:07.550 And those who are faithful to their trusts and their covenants. 00:08:07.750 --> 00:08:13.750 “And those who stand by their testimony” (70:33) 00:08:13.949 --> 00:08:19.149 “And those who are attentive at their worship.” (70:34) 00:08:19.350 --> 00:08:26.720 “These will dwell in Gardens, honoured.” (70:35) 00:08:26.920 --> 00:08:29.319 And those who are faithful to the trusts of Allah, 00:08:29.519 --> 00:08:32.320 which He entrusted them with regarding His obligations, 00:08:32.519 --> 00:08:35.919 and the trusts of His servants which they were entrusted with, 00:08:36.120 --> 00:08:38.519 and the covenants He took from them 00:08:38.720 --> 00:08:42.120 to obey Him in what He commanded and forbade them, 00:08:42.320 --> 00:08:44.720 and the covenants of His servants which He gave them, 00:08:44.919 --> 00:08:47.720 regarding what He bound Himself to for them. 00:08:47.919 --> 00:08:50.120 They are faithful, watching over that, 00:08:50.320 --> 00:08:52.919 and preserving it, so they do not neglect it. 00:08:53.120 --> 00:08:56.519 Rather, they fulfill them and uphold them 00:08:56.720 --> 00:08:58.320 according to what Allah has bound them to, 00:08:58.519 --> 00:09:00.720 and obligated them to preserve. 00:09:00.919 --> 00:09:04.120 And those who do not conceal their testimony, 00:09:04.320 --> 00:09:07.120 but rather they stand to fulfill it 00:09:07.320 --> 00:09:09.120 whenever its fulfillment is required of them, 00:09:09.320 --> 00:09:11.919 without changing or altering it. 00:09:12.120 --> 00:09:14.720 And those who, regarding the times of their prayers 00:09:14.720 --> 00:09:16.720 which Allah has obligated upon them, 00:09:16.919 --> 00:09:19.320 and the limits He has imposed upon them, 00:09:19.519 --> 00:09:20.720 are constant. 00:09:20.919 --> 00:09:24.519 They do not neglect any of its times or limits. 00:09:24.720 --> 00:09:28.379 Those who perform these deeds 00:09:28.580 --> 00:09:30.779 will be honored in gardens. 00:09:30.980 --> 00:09:33.580 Allah will honor them with His generosity. 00:09:33.779 --> 00:09:36.980 So what is the matter with those who disbelieve, 00:09:37.179 --> 00:09:39.980 hastening before you, 00:09:40.179 --> 00:09:44.580 from the right and from the left, in separate groups? 00:09:44.580 --> 00:09:48.379 “Doth every man among them hope to enter the Garden of Delight?” (70:38) 00:09:48.580 --> 00:09:52.379 “Doth every man among them hope to enter the Garden of Delight?” (70:38) 00:09:52.580 --> 00:09:57.610 No! Indeed, We created them 00:09:57.809 --> 00:10:00.960 from that which they know. 00:10:02.539 --> 00:10:04.940 What is the matter with those who disbelieve in Allah, 00:10:05.139 --> 00:10:07.340 hastening before you, O Muhammad, 00:10:07.539 --> 00:10:09.340 from your right, O Muhammad, 00:10:09.539 --> 00:10:11.539 and from your left, in separate groups, 00:10:11.740 --> 00:10:13.340 in circles and gatherings, 00:10:13.539 --> 00:10:15.340 group by group, 00:10:15.340 --> 00:10:18.139 turning away from you and from the Book of Allah? 00:10:18.340 --> 00:10:20.139 Does every person among them aspire 00:10:20.340 --> 00:10:23.139 “What aileth those who disbelieve, that they keep staring toward thee (O Muhammad), open-eyed,” (70:36) 00:10:23.340 --> 00:10:26.139 that Allah will admit him into gardens of bliss, 00:10:26.340 --> 00:10:28.139 to enjoy them? 00:10:28.340 --> 00:10:31.139 No! The matter is not as they aspire, 00:10:31.340 --> 00:10:33.139 these disbelievers, 00:10:33.340 --> 00:10:35.139 that each one of them will be admitted 00:10:35.340 --> 00:10:37.139 into a garden of bliss. 00:10:37.340 --> 00:10:40.139 Indeed, We created them from a base fluid. 00:10:40.340 --> 00:10:43.139 And only those among them who deserve it 00:10:43.139 --> 00:10:45.940 by their obedience will be admitted to Paradise. 00:10:46.139 --> 00:10:48.940 So how can they aspire to enter Paradise 00:10:49.139 --> 00:10:50.940 while they are disobedient disbelievers? 00:10:51.139 --> 00:10:54.669 “But nay! I swear by the Lord of the rising-places and the setting-places of the planets that We verily are Able” (70:40) 00:10:54.870 --> 00:10:56.669 and the places of sunset. 00:10:56.870 --> 00:10:59.669 Indeed, We are capable 00:10:59.870 --> 00:11:02.669 of replacing them 00:11:02.870 --> 00:11:04.669 with better than them, 00:11:04.870 --> 00:11:07.669 and We are not to be outrun. 00:11:07.870 --> 00:11:11.379 So I swear by the Lord of the risings 00:11:11.580 --> 00:11:13.379 of the earth and its settings, 00:11:13.379 --> 00:11:15.179 that We are capable 00:11:15.379 --> 00:11:17.179 of destroying them 00:11:17.379 --> 00:11:19.179 and bringing better than them, 00:11:19.379 --> 00:11:22.179 who will obey Me and not disobey Me. 00:11:22.379 --> 00:11:24.179 And no one among them can escape Us 00:11:24.379 --> 00:11:26.179 regarding any matter We desire of him, 00:11:26.379 --> 00:11:28.909 so as to frustrate Us by fleeing. 00:11:29.110 --> 00:11:31.909 So leave them to indulge in their falsehood and play 00:11:32.110 --> 00:11:34.909 until they meet their day 00:11:35.110 --> 00:11:36.909 which they are promised. 00:11:37.110 --> 00:11:38.909 The day they will emerge 00:11:39.110 --> 00:11:41.909 from the graves, racing, 00:11:42.110 --> 00:11:43.909 as if they were toward a goal 00:11:44.110 --> 00:11:46.909 rushing. 00:11:47.110 --> 00:11:48.909 Their eyes humbled, 00:11:49.110 --> 00:11:51.909 humiliation will cover them. 00:11:52.110 --> 00:11:53.909 That is the day which 00:11:54.110 --> 00:11:57.909 they were promised. 00:11:58.110 --> 00:12:01.490 So leave these polytheists 00:12:01.690 --> 00:12:03.490 to indulge in their falsehood, 00:12:03.690 --> 00:12:05.490 And let them play in this worldly life, 00:12:05.690 --> 00:12:07.490 until they encounter the punishment 00:12:07.690 --> 00:12:09.490 of the Day of Resurrection which they were promised. 00:12:09.690 --> 00:12:11.490 The day they emerge 00:12:11.690 --> 00:12:13.490 from their graves in haste, 00:12:13.490 --> 00:12:15.289 as if they were racing toward a goal 00:12:15.490 --> 00:12:17.289 that had been set up for them. 00:12:17.490 --> 00:12:19.289 Their eyes will be cast down, 00:12:19.490 --> 00:12:20.289 due to what they are in 00:12:20.490 --> 00:12:22.289 of disgrace and humiliation. 00:12:22.490 --> 00:12:24.289 A state of abasement will cover them. 00:12:24.490 --> 00:12:27.289 This is the day whose description has been detailed. 00:12:27.490 --> 00:12:29.289 The polytheists of Quraysh 00:12:29.490 --> 00:12:31.289 were promised in this world 00:12:31.490 --> 00:12:33.289 that they would encounter it in the Hereafter, 00:12:33.490 --> 00:12:35.289 yet they used to deny it. 00:12:35.490 --> 00:12:39.820 This is the summary from the Tafsir of al-Tabari.