1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:05,169 --> 00:00:08,050 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:08,550 --> 00:00:12,710 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 4 00:00:13,919 --> 00:00:15,960 Surah al-Kahf. 5 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:22,350 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:22,350 --> 00:00:27,910 “Praise be to Allah Who hath revealed the Scripture unto His slave, and hath not placed therein any crookedness,” (18:1) 7 00:00:27,910 --> 00:00:31,109 “Praise be to Allah Who hath revealed the Scripture unto His slave, and hath not placed therein any crookedness,” (18:1) 8 00:00:32,200 --> 00:00:36,439 Praise be to Allah, who singled out Muhammad, peace be upon him, for His message. 9 00:00:36,439 --> 00:00:40,119 He sent him forth to His creation as a prophet and messenger. 10 00:00:40,119 --> 00:00:44,679 And He revealed to him His Book, in which there is no crookedness or deviation. 11 00:00:44,679 --> 00:00:52,369 “(But hath made it) straight, to give warning of stern punishment from Him, and to bring unto the believers who do good works the news that theirs will be a fair reward,” (18:2) 12 00:00:52,369 --> 00:00:55,490 And to give glad tidings to the believers. 13 00:00:55,490 --> 00:01:00,850 And to give glad tidings to the believers who perform righteous deeds. 14 00:01:00,850 --> 00:01:04,810 “(But hath made it) straight, to give warning of stern punishment from Him, and to bring unto the believers who do good works the news that theirs will be a fair reward,” (18:2) 15 00:01:04,810 --> 00:01:08,900 That they shall remain therein forever. 16 00:01:08,900 --> 00:01:11,140 Balanced and upright. 17 00:01:11,140 --> 00:01:16,909 To warn you, O people, of a severe punishment coming directly from Allah. 18 00:01:16,909 --> 00:01:20,189 And to give glad tidings to those who believe in Allah and His Messenger. 19 00:01:20,189 --> 00:01:25,150 That those who perform righteous deeds shall have a great reward. 20 00:01:25,150 --> 00:01:26,829 Which is Paradise. 21 00:01:26,829 --> 00:01:32,599 Remaining therein forever, neither moving from it nor being removed. 22 00:01:32,640 --> 00:01:39,280 “And to warn those who say: Allah hath chosen a son,” (18:4) 23 00:01:39,920 --> 00:01:45,640 And He also warns those who said, "Allah has taken a son." 24 00:01:45,640 --> 00:01:48,480 From among the polytheists of his people and others. 25 00:01:48,480 --> 00:01:51,280 Of the might of Allah and His swift retribution. 26 00:01:51,280 --> 00:01:55,640 And the punishment that awaits them for that claim of theirs. 27 00:01:55,640 --> 00:02:03,040 “(A thing) whereof they have no knowledge, nor (had) their fathers, Dreadful is the word that cometh out of their mouths. They speak naught but a lie.” (18:5) 28 00:02:03,040 --> 00:02:07,560 “(A thing) whereof they have no knowledge, nor (had) their fathers, Dreadful is the word that cometh out of their mouths. They speak naught but a lie.” (18:5) 29 00:02:07,560 --> 00:02:12,439 “(A thing) whereof they have no knowledge, nor (had) their fathers, Dreadful is the word that cometh out of their mouths. They speak naught but a lie.” (18:5) 30 00:02:12,439 --> 00:02:18,069 These people who make this claim about Allah have no knowledge. 31 00:02:18,069 --> 00:02:23,909 Nor did their forefathers who passed before them have any knowledge of Allah and His greatness. 32 00:02:23,909 --> 00:02:29,310 The gravity of the word—a word that issues from the mouths of these people. 33 00:02:29,310 --> 00:02:32,150 What these claimants say. 34 00:02:32,189 --> 00:02:34,430 "Allah has taken a son." 35 00:02:34,430 --> 00:02:39,620 Is nothing but a lie and a fabrication they have invented against Allah. 36 00:02:39,620 --> 00:02:44,659 So perhaps you would kill yourself with grief over their footsteps. 37 00:02:44,659 --> 00:02:50,340 “Yet it may be, if they believe not in this statement, that thou (Muhammad) wilt torment thy soul with grief over their footsteps.” (18:6) 38 00:02:50,340 --> 00:02:56,180 So perhaps you, O Muhammad, would destroy and exhaust yourself over the footsteps of your people. 39 00:02:56,180 --> 00:03:00,620 Because they did not believe in this Book which I have revealed to you. 40 00:03:00,620 --> 00:03:04,419 Out of sorrow, regret, and anguish. 41 00:03:04,659 --> 00:03:09,659 “Lo! We have placed all that is on the earth as an ornament thereof that We may try them: which of them is best in conduct.” (18:7) 42 00:03:09,659 --> 00:03:15,020 That We may test them as to which of them is best in deed. 43 00:03:15,020 --> 00:03:18,939 Indeed, We have made that which is on the earth an adornment for it. 44 00:03:18,939 --> 00:03:22,500 To test Our servants as to which of them is most detached from it. 45 00:03:22,500 --> 00:03:25,060 And most obedient to Our command and prohibition. 46 00:03:25,060 --> 00:03:28,789 And most active in it through obedience to Us. 47 00:03:28,789 --> 00:03:37,539 And indeed, We will make what is upon it a barren wasteland. 48 00:03:37,539 --> 00:03:43,939 And We will destroy it after We have built it up with the adornments We placed upon it. 49 00:03:43,939 --> 00:03:49,900 Making it devoid of vegetation, crops, or trees. 50 00:03:49,900 --> 00:03:59,750 “Or deemest thou that the People of the Cave and the Inscription are a wonder among Our portents?” (18:9) 51 00:03:59,949 --> 00:04:04,949 For the creation of the heavens and the earth and all the wonders within them. 52 00:04:04,949 --> 00:04:07,949 Is more wondrous than the affair of the People of the Cave. 53 00:04:07,949 --> 00:04:13,949 And My proof in all of that is established against these polytheists from your people. 54 00:04:13,949 --> 00:04:19,949 And the "Raqim" is a tablet, a stone, or something upon which a writing was inscribed. 55 00:04:19,949 --> 00:04:23,430 When the youths took refuge in the cave. 56 00:04:24,430 --> 00:04:28,100 When the youths sought shelter in the mountain cave. 57 00:04:28,100 --> 00:04:31,100 Fleeing with their religion to Allah. 58 00:04:31,100 --> 00:04:38,100 So they said when they took shelter, "Our Lord, grant us from Yourself mercy." 59 00:04:38,100 --> 00:04:42,100 “When the young men fled for refuge to the Cave and said: Our Lord! Give us mercy from Thy presence, and shape for us right conduct in our plight.” (18:10) 60 00:04:42,100 --> 00:04:47,029 “When the young men fled for refuge to the Cave and said: Our Lord! Give us mercy from Thy presence, and shape for us right conduct in our plight.” (18:10) 61 00:04:47,029 --> 00:04:50,029 When the youths sought shelter in the mountain cave. 62 00:04:50,029 --> 00:04:53,100 Fleeing with their religion to Allah. 63 00:04:53,100 --> 00:04:58,100 So they said when they took shelter, "Our Lord, grant us from Yourself mercy." 64 00:04:58,100 --> 00:05:02,100 And facilitate for us, in what we seek and desire of Your pleasure. 65 00:05:02,100 --> 00:05:05,990 A path toward acting upon what You love. 66 00:05:05,990 --> 00:05:11,990 “Then We sealed up their hearing in the Cave for a number of years.” (18:11) 67 00:05:11,990 --> 00:05:19,990 Then We awakened them so that We might know which of the two factions was more accurate in calculating the duration they had remained. 68 00:05:19,990 --> 00:05:25,920 So We cast a veil of sleep over their ears in the cave for a number of years. 69 00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:30,920 Then We awakened these youths who had taken refuge in the cave. 70 00:05:30,920 --> 00:05:33,920 So that My servants might look and learn through investigation. 71 00:05:33,920 --> 00:05:40,920 Which of the two groups that differed regarding the duration of the youths' stay in their cave while asleep. 72 00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:43,920 Was more correct regarding the length of their stay therein. 73 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:50,170 “We narrate unto thee their story with truth. Lo! they were young men who believed in their Lord, and We increased them in guidance.” (18:13) 74 00:05:50,170 --> 00:05:56,170 Indeed, they were youths who believed in their Lord, and We increased them in guidance. 75 00:05:56,170 --> 00:06:03,899 We, O Muhammad, relate to you the story of these youths who took refuge in the cave. 76 00:06:03,899 --> 00:06:06,899 With truth and certainty, in which there is no doubt. 77 00:06:06,899 --> 00:06:09,899 Indeed, the youths who took refuge in the cave. 78 00:06:09,899 --> 00:06:12,899 Were youths who believed in their Lord. 79 00:06:12,899 --> 00:06:18,899 And We increased them in faith and insight into their religion, in addition to their belief in their Lord. 80 00:06:18,899 --> 00:06:34,800 “And We made firm their hearts when they stood forth and said: Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. We cry unto no Allah beside Him, for then should we utter an enormity.” (18:14) 81 00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:38,800 “And We made firm their hearts when they stood forth and said: Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. We cry unto no Allah beside Him, for then should we utter an enormity.” (18:14) 82 00:06:38,800 --> 00:06:43,800 “And We made firm their hearts when they stood forth and said: Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. We cry unto no Allah beside Him, for then should we utter an enormity.” (18:14) 83 00:06:43,800 --> 00:06:46,540 And We inspired them with patience. 84 00:06:47,540 --> 00:06:50,540 And We strengthened their hearts with the light of faith. 85 00:06:50,540 --> 00:06:54,540 When they stood before the tyrant. 86 00:06:54,540 --> 00:06:56,540 And they said to him. 87 00:06:56,540 --> 00:07:01,540 "Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth and whatever is in them of anything." 88 00:07:01,540 --> 00:07:05,540 "We will never invoke any deity other than the Lord of the heavens and the earth." 89 00:07:05,540 --> 00:07:10,540 "For if we were to invoke a deity other than the Lord of the heavens and the earth." 90 00:07:10,540 --> 00:07:14,540 "We would have spoken, then, an outrageous statement of falsehood." 91 00:07:14,540 --> 00:07:19,779 Exceeding its bounds in vanity and excess. 92 00:07:19,779 --> 00:07:27,009 “These, our people, have chosen (other) gods beside Him though they bring no clear warrant (vouchsafed) to them. And who doth greater wrong than he who inventeth a lie concerning Allah?” (18:15) 93 00:07:27,009 --> 00:07:32,009 “These, our people, have chosen (other) gods beside Him though they bring no clear warrant (vouchsafed) to them. And who doth greater wrong than he who inventeth a lie concerning Allah?” (18:15) 94 00:07:32,009 --> 00:07:38,009 So who is more unjust than one who invents a lie against Allah? 95 00:07:38,009 --> 00:07:42,810 "These people of ours have taken deities other than Allah." 96 00:07:42,810 --> 00:07:45,810 "Worshipping them instead of Him." 97 00:07:45,810 --> 00:07:50,810 "Why do they not bring a clear authority for their worship of them?" 98 00:07:50,810 --> 00:07:55,810 And who is more aggressive and polytheistic toward Allah than one who fabricates a lie. 99 00:07:55,810 --> 00:08:00,810 And associates with Allah in His dominion a partner whom he worships instead of Him. 100 00:08:00,810 --> 00:08:07,740 "And when you have withdrawn from them and that which they worship other than Allah." 101 00:08:07,740 --> 00:08:11,740 "Then take refuge in the cave." 102 00:08:11,740 --> 00:08:15,740 "And your Lord will spread for you of His mercy." 103 00:08:15,740 --> 00:08:25,339 “And when ye withdraw from them and that which they worship except Allah, then seek refuge in the Cave; your Lord will spread for you of His mercy and will prepare for you a pillow in your plight.” (18:16) 104 00:08:25,339 --> 00:08:31,339 And when you, O youths, withdraw from your people who worship deities other than Allah. 105 00:08:31,339 --> 00:08:36,340 Then betake yourselves to the mountain cave which is called "Jalus." 106 00:08:36,340 --> 00:08:39,340 Your Lord will spread for you of His mercy. 107 00:08:39,340 --> 00:08:44,340 And He will facilitate for you the way out of the situation in which you have been placed. 108 00:08:44,340 --> 00:08:49,340 And He will make easy for you, regarding your affair in which you find yourselves of grief and distress. 109 00:08:49,340 --> 00:08:54,299 That which you may benefit from. 110 00:08:54,299 --> 00:08:59,299 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.