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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Tawbah.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Among them are those who made a covenant with Allah: that if He gives us of His bounty, we will surely give charity.

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“And of them is he who made a covenant with Allah (saying): If He give us of His bounty we will give alms and become of the righteous.” (9:75)

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“Yet when He gave them of His bounty, they hoarded it and turned away, averse;” (9:76)

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“So He hath made the consequence (to be) hypocrisy in their hearts until the day when they shall meet Him, because they broke their word to Allah that they promised Him, and because they lied.” (9:77)

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“So He hath made the consequence (to be) hypocrisy in their hearts until the day when they shall meet Him, because they broke their word to Allah that they promised Him, and because they lied.” (9:77)

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O Muhammad, among these hypocrites are those

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who gave a pledge to Allah that if He provided them with wealth and expanded His favor upon them,

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they would surely give charity and act righteously with their wealth.

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Yet when Allah provided for them, they were stingy with it and did not spend from it in the way of Allah.

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They turned away from the covenant they had made with Allah.

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So Allah caused hypocrisy to settle in their hearts as a consequence of their stinginess regarding Allah’s right, until the day they meet Him.

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This is because they broke the promise they made to Allah regarding charity and spending in His cause,

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and because they used to lie in their speech.

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“Know they not that Allah knoweth both their secret and the thought that they confide, and that Allah is the Knower of Things Hidden?” (9:78)

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“Know they not that Allah knoweth both their secret and the thought that they confide, and that Allah is the Knower of Things Hidden?” (9:78)

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Those who criticize the voluntary contributors among the believers regarding their charities.

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“Those who point at such of the believers as give the alms willingly and such as can find naught to give but their endeavours, and deride them - Allah (Himself) derideth them. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (9:79)

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“Those who point at such of the believers as give the alms willingly and such as can find naught to give but their endeavours, and deride them - Allah (Himself) derideth them. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (9:79)

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“Those who point at such of the believers as give the alms willingly and such as can find naught to give but their endeavours, and deride them - Allah (Himself) derideth them. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (9:79)

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Do these hypocrites not know

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that Allah knows the secret they conceal within themselves of disbelief in Him and His Messenger?

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And He knows their private conversations when they whisper among themselves, slandering Islam and its people.

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Do they not know that Allah is All-Knowing of what is hidden from the hearing, sight, and senses of His creation?

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Those who criticize the voluntary contributors in charity by saying,

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"They only gave charity out of hypocrisy and to be seen by others."

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They also mock those who find nothing to give except what is within their limited means.

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They belittle them and say,

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"Allah has no need for the charity of these people,"

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out of mockery toward them.

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Allah will mock them in return.

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And for them, from Allah on the Day of Resurrection, is a painful, agonizing punishment.

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Allah’s mockery of them

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consists of gathering them in the Hereafter with the believers,

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while they are deniers of Him.

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Then He will distinguish between them and His allies,

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casting them into the lowest depths of Hell.

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Thus, Allah will be mocking and ridiculing them,

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deceiving them and plotting against them.

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Whether you ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them.

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“Ask forgiveness for them (O Muhammad), or ask not forgiveness for them; though thou ask forgiveness for them seventy times Allah will not forgive them. That is because they disbelieved in Allah and His messenger, and Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk.” (9:80)

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“Ask forgiveness for them (O Muhammad), or ask not forgiveness for them; though thou ask forgiveness for them seventy times Allah will not forgive them. That is because they disbelieved in Allah and His messenger, and Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk.” (9:80)

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And Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people.

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Even if you were to ask forgiveness for these hypocrites, O Muhammad,

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or if you do not ask forgiveness for them, Allah will never forgive them.

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If you were to ask that He cover their sins with His pardon,

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He will never pardon them for them.

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Rather, He will expose them for those sins before all of creation on the Day of Resurrection.

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This action from Allah toward them

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is because they rejected the oneness of Allah and the message of His Messenger.

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And Allah does not grant success in believing in Him and His Messenger

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to those who prefer to abandon His obedience over faith in Him and His Messenger.

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“Those who were left behind rejoiced at sitting still behind the messenger of Allah, and were averse to striving with their wealth and their lives in Allah's way. And they said: Go not forth in the heat! Say: The fire of hell is more intense of heat, if they but understood.” (9:81)

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“Those who were left behind rejoiced at sitting still behind the messenger of Allah, and were averse to striving with their wealth and their lives in Allah's way. And they said: Go not forth in the heat! Say: The fire of hell is more intense of heat, if they but understood.” (9:81)

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“Those who were left behind rejoiced at sitting still behind the messenger of Allah, and were averse to striving with their wealth and their lives in Allah's way. And they said: Go not forth in the heat! Say: The fire of hell is more intense of heat, if they but understood.” (9:81)

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“Those who were left behind rejoiced at sitting still behind the messenger of Allah, and were averse to striving with their wealth and their lives in Allah's way. And they said: Go not forth in the heat! Say: The fire of hell is more intense of heat, if they but understood.” (9:81)

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Those who were left behind by Allah from the battle rejoiced in staying in their homes,

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opposing the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in his departure and his station.

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These laggards disliked fighting the disbelievers

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with their wealth and their lives in the religion of Allah,

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preferring comfort and being stingy with their wealth.

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“Those who were left behind rejoiced at sitting still behind the messenger of Allah, and were averse to striving with their wealth and their lives in Allah's way. And they said: Go not forth in the heat! Say: The fire of hell is more intense of heat, if they but understood.” (9:81)

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Say to them, O Muhammad:

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"The fire of Hell, which Allah has prepared for those who disobey His command,

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is much hotter than this heat you warn one another about,"

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saying, "Do not go forth in this heat."

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If only the hypocrites understood Allah’s admonition

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and pondered the verses of His Book.

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“Then let them laugh a little: they will weep much, as the reward of what they used to earn.” (9:82)

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So let them laugh a little, rejoicing in this fleeting world.

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“Those who were left behind rejoiced at sitting still behind the messenger of Allah, and were averse to striving with their wealth and their lives in Allah's way. And they said: Go not forth in the heat! Say: The fire of hell is more intense of heat, if they but understood.” (9:81)

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For they will weep much in Hell,

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as a recompense for their disobedience and the sins they used to commit.

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“If Allah bring thee back (from the campaign) unto a party of them and they ask of thee leave to go out (to fight), then say unto them: Ye shall never more go out with me nor fight with me against a foe. Ye were content with sitting still the first time. So sit still, with the useless.” (9:83)

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“If Allah bring thee back (from the campaign) unto a party of them and they ask of thee leave to go out (to fight), then say unto them: Ye shall never more go out with me nor fight with me against a foe. Ye were content with sitting still the first time. So sit still, with the useless.” (9:83)

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“If Allah bring thee back (from the campaign) unto a party of them and they ask of thee leave to go out (to fight), then say unto them: Ye shall never more go out with me nor fight with me against a foe. Ye were content with sitting still the first time. So sit still, with the useless.” (9:83)

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If Allah returns you, O Muhammad, to a group of these hypocrites,

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and they ask your permission to go out with you on another expedition,

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then say to them:

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“If Allah bring thee back (from the campaign) unto a party of them and they ask of thee leave to go out (to fight), then say unto them: Ye shall never more go out with me nor fight with me against a foe. Ye were content with sitting still the first time. So sit still, with the useless.” (9:83)

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“If Allah bring thee back (from the campaign) unto a party of them and they ask of thee leave to go out (to fight), then say unto them: Ye shall never more go out with me nor fight with me against a foe. Ye were content with sitting still the first time. So sit still, with the useless.” (9:83)

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"You sat back with those who stayed behind from the hypocrites, opposing the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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because you are one of them; therefore, Allah is angry with you."

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“And never (O Muhammad) pray for one of them who dieth, nor stand by his grave. Lo! they disbelieved in Allah and His messenger, and they died while they were evil-doers.” (9:84)

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“And never (O Muhammad) pray for one of them who dieth, nor stand by his grave. Lo! they disbelieved in Allah and His messenger, and they died while they were evil-doers.” (9:84)

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And do not pray, O Muhammad, over anyone who dies among these hypocrites

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who stayed behind from going out with you, ever.

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And do not stand at his grave to bury him.

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They rejected the oneness of Allah and the message of His Messenger,

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and they died while having departed from Islam, opposing the command and prohibition of Allah.

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“Let not their wealth nor their children please thee! Allah purposeth only to punish them thereby in the world, and that their souls shall pass away while they are disbelievers.” (9:85)

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“Let not their wealth nor their children please thee! Allah purposeth only to punish them thereby in the world, and that their souls shall pass away while they are disbelievers.” (9:85)

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And do not let the wealth and children of these hypocrites amaze you, O Muhammad,

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such that you pray over one of them when he dies or stand at his grave because of his abundance of wealth and children.

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For I only gave them that to punish them with it in this world through grief and anxiety,

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by burdening them with the costs, expenses, and zakat required of them,

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and so that they might die, and their souls depart their bodies,

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making it a source of regret for them at their death and a burden upon them in the Hereafter,

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as they die rejecting the oneness of Allah and the prophethood of His Messenger, Muhammad (peace be upon him).

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“And when a surah is revealed (which saith): Believe in Allah and strive along with His messenger, the men of wealth among them still ask leave of thee and say: Suffer us to be with those who sit (at home).” (9:86)

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And when a Surah from the Qur'an is revealed to you, O Muhammad,

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saying to these hypocrites:

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"Believe in Allah and fight the polytheists alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),"

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those among them who possess wealth and status ask your permission to stay behind and remain with their families.

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And they say to you:

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"Let us be among those who stay in their homes with the weak and the sick."

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“They are content that they should be with the useless and their hearts are sealed, so that they apprehend not.” (9:87)

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These hypocrites were content to stay behind from the battle,

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and to be in their homes like the women upon whom the obligation of Jihad does not fall.

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Allah has set a seal upon the hearts of these hypocrites,

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so they do not understand Allah’s admonitions and are not moved by them.

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“But the messenger and those who believe with him strive with their wealth and their lives. Such are they for whom are the good things. Such are they who are the successful.” (9:88)

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“But the messenger and those who believe with him strive with their wealth and their lives. Such are they for whom are the good things. Such are they who are the successful.” (9:88)

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These hypocrites did not strive in the way of Allah,

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but the Messenger, Muhammad (peace be upon him),

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and those who believed in Allah and His Messenger alongside him,

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are the ones who strove against the polytheists with their wealth and their lives.

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And those are the ones for whom are the good things of the Hereafter.

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And those are the ones who will abide eternally in the Gardens, remaining therein.

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“Allah hath made ready for them Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide. That is the supreme triumph.” (9:89)

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Beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever.

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That is the great success.

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Allah has prepared for His Messenger, Muhammad (peace be upon him),

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and for those who believed with him,

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gardens beneath whose trees rivers flow,

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remaining therein forever.

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And that is the great salvation and the abundant reward.

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“And those among the wandering Arabs who had an excuse came in order that permission might be granted them. And those who lied to Allah and His messenger sat at home. A painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (9:90)

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“And those among the wandering Arabs who had an excuse came in order that permission might be granted them. And those who lied to Allah and His messenger sat at home. A painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (9:90)

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“And those among the wandering Arabs who had an excuse came in order that permission might be granted them. And those who lied to Allah and His messenger sat at home. A painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (9:90)

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And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was approached

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by the excuse-makers among the Bedouins,

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asking to be permitted to stay behind.

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And those who stayed behind from coming to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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and from striving alongside him.

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“And those among the wandering Arabs who had an excuse came in order that permission might be granted them. And those who lied to Allah and His messenger sat at home. A painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (9:90)

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They spoke lies and offered false excuses.

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A painful punishment will afflict those among them who rejected the oneness of Allah and the prophethood of His Messenger.

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“Not unto the weak nor unto the sick nor unto those who can find naught to spend is any fault (to be imputed though they stay at home) if they are true to Allah and His messenger. Not unto the good is there any road (of blame). Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (9:91)

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“Not unto the weak nor unto the sick nor unto those who can find naught to spend is any fault (to be imputed though they stay at home) if they are true to Allah and His messenger. Not unto the good is there any road (of blame). Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (9:91)

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“Not unto the weak nor unto the sick nor unto those who can find naught to spend is any fault (to be imputed though they stay at home) if they are true to Allah and His messenger. Not unto the good is there any road (of blame). Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (9:91)

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“Not unto the weak nor unto the sick nor unto those who can find naught to spend is any fault (to be imputed though they stay at home) if they are true to Allah and His messenger. Not unto the good is there any road (of blame). Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (9:91)

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And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

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There is no blame upon those who are disabled or unable to travel and fight,

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nor upon the sick,

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nor upon those who find no means to provide for their journey to the battlefield.

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There is no sin upon them if they are sincere to Allah and His Messenger while they are absent from Jihad.

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There is no path of blame against those who do good and are sincere to Allah and His Messenger,

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such that they should be punished for their absence.

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And Allah is the Coverer of the sins of the doers of good,

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and He is Merciful toward them, not punishing them for those shortcomings.

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“Nor unto those whom, when they came to thee (asking) that thou shouldst mount them, thou didst tell: I cannot find whereon to mount you. They turned back with eyes flowing with tears, for sorrow that they could not find the means to spend.” (9:92)

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“Nor unto those whom, when they came to thee (asking) that thou shouldst mount them, thou didst tell: I cannot find whereon to mount you. They turned back with eyes flowing with tears, for sorrow that they could not find the means to spend.” (9:92)

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They turned away, their eyes overflowing with tears out of grief

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that they could not find anything to spend.

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Nor is there any blame upon those who, when they came to you,

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asking you to provide them with mounts to fight the enemies of Allah alongside you,

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you said to them, "I do not find anything to mount you upon."

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They turned away, weeping,

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out of sorrow that they could not find the means to spend

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or the resources to participate in Jihad in the way of Allah.