WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.169 --> 00:00:08.050 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.880 --> 00:00:16.519 Surah al-A'raf. 00:00:17.899 --> 00:00:22.739 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.429 --> 00:00:29.469 “He it is Who did create you from a single soul, and therefrom did make his mate that he might take rest in her. And when he covered her she bore a light burden, and she passed (unnoticed) with it, but when it became heavy they cried unto Allah, their Lord, saying: If thou givest unto us aright we shall be of the thankful.” (7:189) 00:00:29.469 --> 00:00:32.590 And He created from it his mate. 00:00:32.829 --> 00:00:35.229 And He created from it his mate. 00:00:35.229 --> 00:00:37.469 That he might find comfort in her. 00:00:37.829 --> 00:00:43.310 “He it is Who did create you from a single soul, and therefrom did make his mate that he might take rest in her. And when he covered her she bore a light burden, and she passed (unnoticed) with it, but when it became heavy they cried unto Allah, their Lord, saying: If thou givest unto us aright we shall be of the thankful.” (7:189) 00:00:43.310 --> 00:00:44.670 So she passed by him. 00:00:45.070 --> 00:00:49.670 And when she became heavy, they both called upon Allah, their Lord: 00:00:49.670 --> 00:00:52.670 "If You grant us a righteous child," 00:00:52.990 --> 00:00:55.590 "If You grant us a righteous child," 00:00:55.590 --> 00:01:00.549 "We will surely be among the grateful." 00:01:02.119 --> 00:01:05.159 “He it is Who did create you from a single soul, and therefrom did make his mate that he might take rest in her. And when he covered her she bore a light burden, and she passed (unnoticed) with it, but when it became heavy they cried unto Allah, their Lord, saying: If thou givest unto us aright we shall be of the thankful.” (7:189) 00:01:05.159 --> 00:01:06.680 He is Adam. 00:01:06.680 --> 00:01:09.560 And He created from it his mate, Hawwa' (Eve). 00:01:09.560 --> 00:01:13.719 That he might find intimacy with her to fulfill his needs and desire. 00:01:13.719 --> 00:01:17.719 So when he covered her, and he fulfilled his need with her. 00:01:17.719 --> 00:01:19.719 She conceived a light burden. 00:01:19.719 --> 00:01:25.400 The fluid that Hawwa' carried in her womb from Adam was light. 00:01:25.560 --> 00:01:29.959 Such is the nature of a woman's pregnancy with a man's fluid; it is light upon her. 00:01:29.959 --> 00:01:31.959 And she continued with the fluid. 00:01:31.959 --> 00:01:33.959 She stood and sat with it. 00:01:33.959 --> 00:01:35.959 And she completed the pregnancy. 00:01:35.959 --> 00:01:38.920 But when that which was in her womb became heavy. 00:01:38.920 --> 00:01:40.920 And her labor drew near. 00:01:40.920 --> 00:01:44.920 Adam and Hawwa' called upon their Lord and said: 00:01:44.920 --> 00:01:46.439 "O our Lord," 00:01:46.439 --> 00:01:47.959 And they swore: 00:01:47.959 --> 00:01:50.359 "If You give us a righteous child," 00:01:50.359 --> 00:01:52.359 In terms of physical stature and religion, 00:01:52.359 --> 00:01:54.359 And intellect and character, 00:01:54.359 --> 00:01:56.359 "We will surely be among the grateful." 00:01:56.359 --> 00:02:03.480 But when He gave them a righteous child. 00:02:03.480 --> 00:02:07.480 “But when He gave unto them aright, they ascribed unto Him partners in respect of that which He had given them. High is He Exalted above all that they associate (with Him).” (7:190) 00:02:07.480 --> 00:02:13.479 Exalted is Allah above what they associate with Him. 00:02:13.479 --> 00:02:18.060 When Allah provided them with a righteous son. 00:02:18.060 --> 00:02:20.060 They assigned Him partners in the naming, 00:02:20.060 --> 00:02:24.060 Not in the worship of what He had provided them. 00:02:24.060 --> 00:02:28.060 This is Allah, Blessed and Exalted, declaring His own transcendence, 00:02:28.060 --> 00:02:32.060 And magnifying Himself above what the falsifiers say about Him. 00:02:32.060 --> 00:02:36.090 And they invoke alongside Him other gods and idols. 00:02:36.090 --> 00:02:38.090 'Ikrimah said: 00:02:38.090 --> 00:02:40.090 Adam and Hawwa' did not commit shirk (polytheism). 00:02:40.090 --> 00:02:42.090 It was that no child of theirs would survive. 00:02:42.090 --> 00:02:46.090 So Satan came to them and said: 00:02:46.090 --> 00:02:50.090 "If it pleases you that a child should live for you," 00:02:50.090 --> 00:02:52.090 "Then name him 'Abd al-Harith (Servant of the Harith/Satan)." 00:02:52.090 --> 00:02:56.789 “Attribute they as partners to Allah those who created naught, but are themselves created,” (7:191) 00:02:56.789 --> 00:02:58.789 While they are created. 00:02:58.789 --> 00:03:03.300 Do they associate in the worship of Allah, 00:03:03.300 --> 00:03:07.300 Worshipping alongside Him that which creates nothing, 00:03:07.300 --> 00:03:09.300 While Allah creates them and brings them into existence? 00:03:09.300 --> 00:03:13.300 For pure worship belongs only to the Creator, 00:03:13.300 --> 00:03:15.300 Not to the created. 00:03:15.300 --> 00:03:17.879 While they are created. 00:03:17.879 --> 00:03:21.879 “And cannot give them help, nor can they help themselves?” (7:192) 00:03:21.879 --> 00:03:26.520 They cannot help themselves. 00:03:26.520 --> 00:03:28.520 Do these polytheists associate, 00:03:28.520 --> 00:03:30.520 In the worship of Allah, 00:03:30.520 --> 00:03:32.520 That which is unable to help them, 00:03:32.520 --> 00:03:36.520 If Allah intends harm for them? 00:03:36.520 --> 00:03:38.520 Nor is it capable, if harm is intended for it, 00:03:38.520 --> 00:03:42.580 Of helping itself or warding off harm from itself. 00:03:42.580 --> 00:03:44.580 Allah, Blessed and Exalted, expresses wonder at His creation, 00:03:44.580 --> 00:03:48.580 At the grave error of those who associate, 00:03:48.580 --> 00:03:50.580 Others with Him in worship. 00:03:50.580 --> 00:03:55.479 And if you call them to guidance, 00:03:55.479 --> 00:03:57.479 They will not follow you. 00:03:57.479 --> 00:04:02.479 It is the same for you whether you call them, 00:04:02.479 --> 00:04:06.479 Or you remain silent. 00:04:06.479 --> 00:04:09.150 Among its characteristics is, 00:04:09.150 --> 00:04:11.150 That you, O people, 00:04:11.150 --> 00:04:13.150 If you call them to the straight path, 00:04:13.150 --> 00:04:15.150 They will not follow you, 00:04:15.150 --> 00:04:18.149 Because they do not comprehend anything. 00:04:18.149 --> 00:04:20.149 So how can he guide you to righteousness, 00:04:20.149 --> 00:04:22.149 Who, if called to righteousness, 00:04:22.149 --> 00:04:24.149 And made to know it, would not understand? 00:04:24.149 --> 00:04:28.149 How then can one worship that which has this characteristic? 00:04:28.149 --> 00:04:33.949 Indeed, those you call upon besides Allah, 00:04:33.949 --> 00:04:35.949 Are servants like yourselves. 00:04:35.949 --> 00:04:37.949 So call upon them, 00:04:37.949 --> 00:04:39.949 And let them answer you, 00:04:39.949 --> 00:04:44.949 If you are truthful. 00:04:44.949 --> 00:04:48.459 Indeed, those you call upon, O polytheists, 00:04:48.459 --> 00:04:50.459 As gods besides Allah, 00:04:50.459 --> 00:04:52.459 Are subjects to your Lord, 00:04:52.459 --> 00:04:55.459 Just as you are subjects to Him. 00:04:55.459 --> 00:04:57.459 So if you are truthful, 00:04:57.459 --> 00:04:59.459 That they can harm or benefit, 00:04:59.459 --> 00:05:01.459 Then let them respond to your supplication, 00:05:01.459 --> 00:05:03.459 When you call upon them. 00:05:03.459 --> 00:05:09.389 “Have they feet wherewith they walk, or have they hands wherewith they hold, or have they eyes wherewith they see, or have they ears wherewith they hear? Say: Call upon your (so-called) partners (of Allah), and then contrive against me, spare me not!” (7:195) 00:05:09.389 --> 00:05:13.389 Or do they have hands with which they strike? 00:05:13.389 --> 00:05:18.389 “Have they feet wherewith they walk, or have they hands wherewith they hold, or have they eyes wherewith they see, or have they ears wherewith they hear? Say: Call upon your (so-called) partners (of Allah), and then contrive against me, spare me not!” (7:195) 00:05:18.389 --> 00:05:23.389 “Have they feet wherewith they walk, or have they hands wherewith they hold, or have they eyes wherewith they see, or have they ears wherewith they hear? Say: Call upon your (so-called) partners (of Allah), and then contrive against me, spare me not!” (7:195) 00:05:23.389 --> 00:05:26.389 Say: "Call upon your partners," 00:05:26.389 --> 00:05:28.389 "Then plot against me," 00:05:28.389 --> 00:05:32.389 "And give me no respite." 00:05:32.389 --> 00:05:36.160 Do these idols of yours, O people, 00:05:36.160 --> 00:05:38.160 Have feet with which they walk, 00:05:38.160 --> 00:05:42.160 So they may strive with you and for you in your needs? 00:05:42.160 --> 00:05:45.160 Or do they have hands with which they strike, 00:05:45.160 --> 00:05:48.160 So they may defend you and help you with them, 00:05:48.160 --> 00:05:50.160 Against those who intend evil toward you? 00:05:50.160 --> 00:05:53.220 “Have they feet wherewith they walk, or have they hands wherewith they hold, or have they eyes wherewith they see, or have they ears wherewith they hear? Say: Call upon your (so-called) partners (of Allah), and then contrive against me, spare me not!” (7:195) 00:05:53.220 --> 00:05:56.220 So they might inform you of what they witnessed and saw, 00:05:56.220 --> 00:05:58.220 Of that which you are absent from. 00:05:58.220 --> 00:06:01.220 “Have they feet wherewith they walk, or have they hands wherewith they hold, or have they eyes wherewith they see, or have they ears wherewith they hear? Say: Call upon your (so-called) partners (of Allah), and then contrive against me, spare me not!” (7:195) 00:06:01.220 --> 00:06:04.220 So they might tell you what they heard that you did not. 00:06:04.220 --> 00:06:08.350 Say, O Muhammad, to these polytheists: 00:06:08.350 --> 00:06:11.350 "Call upon your partners whom you have made," 00:06:11.350 --> 00:06:14.350 "As partners to Allah in worship," 00:06:14.350 --> 00:06:16.350 "Then plot against me, you and them," 00:06:16.350 --> 00:06:19.350 "And do not delay your plotting and scheming." 00:06:19.350 --> 00:06:21.350 He, the Almighty, knows, 00:06:21.350 --> 00:06:23.350 That they will never harm Him, 00:06:23.350 --> 00:06:26.350 And that He has protected him from them. 00:06:26.350 --> 00:06:31.569 "Indeed, my protector is Allah, who," 00:06:31.569 --> 00:06:34.569 "Sent down the Book," 00:06:34.569 --> 00:06:38.569 "And He protects the righteous." 00:06:38.569 --> 00:06:42.569 "And those you call upon besides Him," 00:06:42.569 --> 00:06:45.569 "Cannot help you," 00:06:45.569 --> 00:06:48.569 "Cannot help you," 00:06:48.569 --> 00:06:53.569 "Nor can they help themselves." 00:06:53.569 --> 00:06:58.399 Say to them: "My protector and helper is Allah," 00:06:58.399 --> 00:07:02.399 "Who sent down the Book upon me with the truth," 00:07:02.399 --> 00:07:06.399 "And He is the one who protects those who are righteous in their deeds through their obedience." 00:07:06.399 --> 00:07:09.399 "And those you call upon, O polytheists," 00:07:09.399 --> 00:07:12.399 "Besides Allah, from among the gods," 00:07:12.399 --> 00:07:14.399 "Cannot help you," 00:07:14.399 --> 00:07:18.399 "Nor are they able to help themselves." 00:07:18.399 --> 00:07:21.399 So which of them is more worthy of worship, 00:07:21.399 --> 00:07:23.399 And more deserving of divinity? 00:07:23.399 --> 00:07:28.170 "And if you call them to guidance," 00:07:28.170 --> 00:07:30.170 "They do not hear." 00:07:30.170 --> 00:07:33.170 "And you see them looking at you," 00:07:33.170 --> 00:07:36.170 "While they do not see." 00:07:36.170 --> 00:07:38.680 Say to the polytheists: 00:07:38.680 --> 00:07:40.680 "And if you call, O polytheists," 00:07:40.680 --> 00:07:42.680 "Your gods to rectitude," 00:07:42.680 --> 00:07:44.680 "To the right path," 00:07:44.680 --> 00:07:46.680 "They will not hear your call." 00:07:46.680 --> 00:07:50.680 And you see, O Muhammad, the gods of these polytheists, 00:07:50.680 --> 00:07:53.680 Facing you, yet they do not see you, 00:07:53.680 --> 00:07:56.680 Because they have no sight. 00:07:56.680 --> 00:08:00.379 Take what is easy, enjoin what is right, 00:08:00.379 --> 00:08:03.379 And turn away from the ignorant. 00:08:03.379 --> 00:08:06.959 Adopt what is easy from the character of people, 00:08:06.959 --> 00:08:09.959 And abandon harshness toward them. 00:08:09.959 --> 00:08:11.959 And enjoin what is right, 00:08:11.959 --> 00:08:14.959 Which is everything Allah has commanded of deeds. 00:08:14.959 --> 00:08:17.959 And turn away from the ignorant. 00:08:17.959 --> 00:08:24.790 And if an evil suggestion from Satan comes to you, 00:08:24.790 --> 00:08:27.790 Then seek refuge in Allah. 00:08:27.790 --> 00:08:32.789 Indeed, He is Hearing, Knowing. 00:08:32.789 --> 00:08:36.429 And if a rage from Satan makes you angry, 00:08:36.429 --> 00:08:39.429 Hindering you from turning away from the ignorant, 00:08:39.429 --> 00:08:42.429 And inciting you to retaliate against them, 00:08:42.429 --> 00:08:45.429 Then seek refuge in Allah from his suggestion. 00:08:45.429 --> 00:08:48.429 Indeed, Allah is Hearing of the ignorance of the ignorant toward you, 00:08:48.429 --> 00:08:51.429 And of your seeking refuge in Him from his suggestion, 00:08:51.429 --> 00:08:54.429 And He changes that from the speech of His creation. 00:08:54.429 --> 00:08:58.429 Knowing what will remove from you the suggestion of Satan, 00:08:58.429 --> 00:09:01.429 And other matters of His creation. 00:09:01.429 --> 00:09:05.200 Indeed, those who fear Allah, 00:09:05.200 --> 00:09:10.200 “Lo! those who ward off (evil), when a glamour from the devil troubleth them, they do but remember (Allah's Guidance) and behold them seers!” (7:201) 00:09:10.200 --> 00:09:13.200 Remember. 00:09:13.200 --> 00:09:18.200 “Lo! those who ward off (evil), when a glamour from the devil troubleth them, they do but remember (Allah's Guidance) and behold them seers!” (7:201) 00:09:18.200 --> 00:09:21.809 Indeed, those who fear the punishment of Allah, 00:09:21.809 --> 00:09:24.809 If a touch of evil from Satan befalls them, 00:09:24.809 --> 00:09:27.809 From anger or whispering, 00:09:27.809 --> 00:09:30.809 That which hinders them from the obligatory right of Allah upon them, 00:09:30.809 --> 00:09:33.809 They remember the punishment and reward of Allah, 00:09:33.809 --> 00:09:36.809 And they perceive the truth and act upon it, 00:09:36.809 --> 00:09:38.809 And they abandon the obedience of Satan. 00:09:38.809 --> 00:09:41.809 Then they are those who see the guidance of Allah, 00:09:41.809 --> 00:09:46.809 And they desist from what the tempter of Satan called them to. 00:09:46.809 --> 00:09:51.289 “Their brethren plunge them further into error and cease not.” (7:202) 00:09:51.289 --> 00:09:55.289 Then they do not fall short. 00:09:55.289 --> 00:09:57.799 And the brothers of the devils, 00:09:57.799 --> 00:10:01.799 The devils lead them on and increase them in error, 00:10:01.799 --> 00:10:04.799 Then they do not fall short of what was fallen short of, 00:10:04.799 --> 00:10:06.799 By those who feared their Lord. 00:10:06.799 --> 00:10:09.799 And Satan increases him forever, 00:10:09.799 --> 00:10:13.799 So the human does not fall short of anything in committing immoralities, 00:10:13.799 --> 00:10:16.799 Because of the leading on from Satan. 00:10:16.799 --> 00:10:21.279 “And when thou bringest not a verse for them they say: Why hast thou not chosen it? Say: I follow only that which is inspired in me from my Lord. This (Qur'an) is insight from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy for a people that believe.” (7:203) 00:10:21.279 --> 00:10:24.279 They say: "Why have you not contrived it?" 00:10:24.279 --> 00:10:31.279 “And when thou bringest not a verse for them they say: Why hast thou not chosen it? Say: I follow only that which is inspired in me from my Lord. This (Qur'an) is insight from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy for a people that believe.” (7:203) 00:10:31.279 --> 00:10:36.279 “And when thou bringest not a verse for them they say: Why hast thou not chosen it? Say: I follow only that which is inspired in me from my Lord. This (Qur'an) is insight from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy for a people that believe.” (7:203) 00:10:36.279 --> 00:10:39.279 And a mercy for a people who believe. 00:10:40.279 --> 00:10:44.460 And if you do not bring, O Muhammad, 00:10:44.460 --> 00:10:48.460 To these polytheists a sign from Allah, 00:10:48.460 --> 00:10:51.460 They say: "Have you not chosen and selected it," 00:10:51.460 --> 00:10:53.460 "From your own self?" 00:10:53.460 --> 00:10:55.500 Say, O Muhammad: 00:10:55.500 --> 00:10:57.500 "That is not for me," 00:10:57.500 --> 00:10:59.500 "Nor is it permissible for me to do so," 00:10:59.500 --> 00:11:01.500 "Because Allah has only commanded me," 00:11:01.500 --> 00:11:05.500 "To follow what is revealed to me from Him." 00:11:05.500 --> 00:11:08.559 This Qur'an is a proof against you, 00:11:08.559 --> 00:11:10.559 And a clarification for you, 00:11:10.559 --> 00:11:12.559 And a clarification that guides the believers, 00:11:12.559 --> 00:11:14.559 To the straight path, 00:11:14.559 --> 00:11:18.559 And a mercy by which Allah has shown mercy to His believing servants, 00:11:18.559 --> 00:11:21.559 Saving them through it from misguidance and destruction, 00:11:21.559 --> 00:11:25.559 For a people who believe and attest to the Qur'an, 00:11:25.559 --> 00:11:28.559 That it is the revelation of Allah and His inspiration. 00:11:28.559 --> 00:11:32.230 And when the Qur'an is recited, 00:11:32.230 --> 00:11:35.230 Then listen to it and pay attention, 00:11:35.230 --> 00:11:38.230 That you may receive mercy. 00:11:38.230 --> 00:11:42.519 And when the Qur'an is recited to you, O believers, 00:11:42.519 --> 00:11:44.519 then lend it your ears, 00:11:44.519 --> 00:11:46.519 so that you may understand its verses, 00:11:46.519 --> 00:11:48.519 and listen to it attentively, 00:11:48.519 --> 00:11:50.519 so that you may grasp its meaning and reflect upon it, 00:11:50.519 --> 00:11:52.519 that your Lord may have mercy upon you, 00:11:52.519 --> 00:11:56.320 by your taking heed of its admonitions, 00:11:56.320 --> 00:11:59.320 “And do thou (O Muhammad) remember thy Lord within thyself humbly and with awe, below thy breath, at morn and evening. And be not thou of the neglectful.” (7:205) 00:11:59.320 --> 00:12:02.320 in humble supplication and with reverence, 00:12:02.320 --> 00:12:05.320 “And do thou (O Muhammad) remember thy Lord within thyself humbly and with awe, below thy breath, at morn and evening. And be not thou of the neglectful.” (7:205) 00:12:05.320 --> 00:12:08.320 “And do thou (O Muhammad) remember thy Lord within thyself humbly and with awe, below thy breath, at morn and evening. And be not thou of the neglectful.” (7:205) 00:12:08.320 --> 00:12:11.320 in the mornings and in the evenings. 00:12:11.320 --> 00:12:14.320 “And do thou (O Muhammad) remember thy Lord within thyself humbly and with awe, below thy breath, at morn and evening. And be not thou of the neglectful.” (7:205) 00:12:14.320 --> 00:12:20.960 And remember your Lord within yourself, O you who listen and attend to the Qur'an, 00:12:20.960 --> 00:12:23.960 and take heed of what is contained in the verses of the Qur'an. 00:12:23.960 --> 00:12:27.960 Do so with humility and submissiveness toward Allah, 00:12:27.960 --> 00:12:31.960 and with fear of Allah, lest He punish you for any shortcoming 00:12:31.960 --> 00:12:34.960 that may occur on your part in taking heed and drawing lessons from it. 00:12:34.960 --> 00:12:37.960 And call upon Allah with your tongue in secret, 00:12:37.960 --> 00:12:41.960 not in loud speech, in the early mornings and the evenings, 00:12:41.960 --> 00:12:43.960 and do not be among the heedless 00:12:43.960 --> 00:12:48.700 when the Qur'an is recited, ignoring its warnings and lessons. 00:12:48.700 --> 00:12:55.700 “Lo! those who are with thy Lord are not too proud to do Him service, but they praise Him and prostrate before Him.” (7:206) 00:12:55.700 --> 00:13:06.419 They glorify Him and prostrate before Him. 00:13:06.419 --> 00:13:09.419 Do not be arrogant, O you who listen and attend to the Qur'an, 00:13:09.419 --> 00:13:11.419 regarding the worship of your Lord, 00:13:11.419 --> 00:13:14.419 for those who are with your Lord among His angels 00:13:14.419 --> 00:13:18.419 do not disdain to show Him humility and reverence, 00:13:18.419 --> 00:13:22.419 and they exalt their Lord and pray to Allah. 00:13:22.419 --> 00:13:25.419 So you, too, should pray to Him, 00:13:25.419 --> 00:13:27.419 and exalt Him through worship, 00:13:27.419 --> 00:13:31.419 just as those who are with Him among His angels do. 00:13:31.419 --> 00:13:35.509 This is the summary from the Tafsir of al-Tabari.