1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,379 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:03,379 --> 00:00:06,320 The Efadah Center 3 00:00:06,320 --> 00:00:09,519 for Humanistic Studies and Research 4 00:00:09,519 --> 00:00:10,820 presents: 5 00:00:10,820 --> 00:00:16,120 A Summary of Sahih al-Bukhari. 6 00:00:16,120 --> 00:00:21,570 Chapter: Fasting on the Day of Ashura. 7 00:00:21,570 --> 00:00:24,070 Narrated by Humaid ibn Abd al-Rahman: 8 00:00:24,070 --> 00:00:28,570 He heard Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) 9 00:00:28,570 --> 00:00:31,570 on the Day of Ashura, the year he performed the Hajj, 10 00:00:32,070 --> 00:00:34,070 saying while upon the pulpit: 11 00:00:34,070 --> 00:00:38,070 "O people of Madinah, where are your scholars? 12 00:00:38,070 --> 00:00:42,570 I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: 13 00:00:42,570 --> 00:00:45,070 'This is the Day of Ashura, 14 00:00:45,070 --> 00:00:48,070 and Allah has not prescribed its fasting upon you, 15 00:00:48,070 --> 00:00:50,070 yet I am fasting. 16 00:00:50,070 --> 00:00:52,570 So whoever wishes to fast may do so, 17 00:00:52,570 --> 00:00:55,420 and whoever wishes to break his fast may do so.'" 18 00:00:55,420 --> 00:00:59,030 Commentary on the Hadith: 19 00:00:59,030 --> 00:01:01,030 "Where are your scholars?" 20 00:01:01,030 --> 00:01:03,530 He apparently said this only 21 00:01:03,530 --> 00:01:08,030 when he heard someone declaring it obligatory, forbidden, or disliked, 22 00:01:08,030 --> 00:01:14,189 intending to inform them that it is neither obligatory, forbidden, nor disliked. 23 00:01:14,189 --> 00:01:15,689 "And [Allah] has not prescribed" 24 00:01:15,689 --> 00:01:18,379 means He has not made it mandatory or obligatory. 25 00:01:18,379 --> 00:01:22,180 Benefits of the Hadith: 26 00:01:22,180 --> 00:01:24,180 Derived from the hadith is 27 00:01:24,180 --> 00:01:27,180 the recommendation of fasting on the Day of Ashura. 28 00:01:27,180 --> 00:01:31,180 In it is a reminder for the scholar regarding what he might overlook 29 00:01:31,180 --> 00:01:33,180 or fail to recall. 30 00:01:33,180 --> 00:01:40,069 In it is also proof that nothing is obligatory except what Islamic law makes obligatory. 31 00:01:40,069 --> 00:01:44,069 Narrated by Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father): 32 00:01:44,069 --> 00:01:48,069 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came to Madinah 33 00:01:48,069 --> 00:01:51,069 and saw the Jews fasting on the Day of Ashura. 34 00:01:51,069 --> 00:01:54,069 He asked, "What is this?" 35 00:01:54,069 --> 00:01:58,099 They replied, "This is a righteous day." 36 00:01:58,099 --> 00:02:02,129 In another narration: "This is a great day; 37 00:02:02,129 --> 00:02:07,200 it is the day Allah saved the Children of Israel from their enemy," 38 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:11,199 In another narration: "Allah granted Moses victory on it," 39 00:02:11,199 --> 00:02:16,229 In another narration: "Moses prevailed over Pharaoh on it, 40 00:02:16,229 --> 00:02:18,289 so Moses fasted it." 41 00:02:18,289 --> 00:02:23,319 In another narration: "So Moses fasted it out of gratitude to Allah," 42 00:02:23,319 --> 00:02:28,479 In another narration: "and we fast it to venerate it." 43 00:02:28,479 --> 00:02:31,479 [The Prophet] said, "I am more worthy of Moses than you." 44 00:02:31,479 --> 00:02:34,520 In another narration: "I have a greater right to Moses," 45 00:02:34,520 --> 00:02:38,520 In another narration: "We have a greater right to Moses." 46 00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:41,520 So he fasted it and ordered that it be fasted. 47 00:02:41,520 --> 00:02:45,349 Commentary on the Hadith: 48 00:02:45,349 --> 00:02:50,889 "The Day of Ashura" refers to the tenth day of the month of Muharram. 49 00:02:50,889 --> 00:02:54,960 "What is this?" means, what is the reason for this fasting? 50 00:02:54,960 --> 00:02:58,960 "A righteous day" means it possesses merit in their view. 51 00:02:58,960 --> 00:03:01,960 "Their enemy" refers to Pharaoh. 52 00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:06,960 "So Moses fasted it" means out of gratitude to Allah, the Mighty and Sublime. 53 00:03:06,960 --> 00:03:09,960 "More worthy" means having a greater right. 54 00:03:09,960 --> 00:03:12,960 "Than you" means than the Jews. 55 00:03:12,960 --> 00:03:16,960 "So he fasted it" means he fasted the Day of Ashura. 56 00:03:16,960 --> 00:03:19,150 "Allah granted Moses victory on it": 57 00:03:19,150 --> 00:03:25,150 Victory denotes help, triumph, success, and conquest over the enemy. 58 00:03:25,150 --> 00:03:28,560 Benefits of the Hadith: 59 00:03:28,560 --> 00:03:31,300 Derived from the hadith is 60 00:03:31,300 --> 00:03:33,300 that the fasting of Ashura was initially an obligation, 61 00:03:33,300 --> 00:03:35,300 which was later abrogated by the fast of Ramadan, 62 00:03:35,300 --> 00:03:39,300 while the virtue of its fasting remains until the Day of Resurrection. 63 00:03:39,300 --> 00:03:46,300 In it is also proof that Muslims have a greater right to express gratitude for the salvation of Moses (peace be upon him) than the Jews. 64 00:03:46,300 --> 00:03:51,710 Narrated by Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him): 65 00:03:51,710 --> 00:03:55,710 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) entered Madinah 66 00:03:55,710 --> 00:03:59,710 and found certain people among the Jews venerating Ashura. 67 00:03:59,710 --> 00:04:01,960 In a narration: 68 00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:03,960 The Jews treated it as an Eid 69 00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:05,960 and fasted it. 70 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:09,960 So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 71 00:04:09,960 --> 00:04:11,960 "We have a greater right to fast it." 72 00:04:11,960 --> 00:04:14,120 In a narration: 73 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:16,120 "So fast it yourselves." 74 00:04:16,120 --> 00:04:18,120 And he commanded its fasting. 75 00:04:18,120 --> 00:04:21,800 Commentary on the Hadith: 76 00:04:21,800 --> 00:04:24,370 "They venerated Ashura" 77 00:04:24,370 --> 00:04:27,370 means the Jews exalted the Day of Ashura 78 00:04:27,370 --> 00:04:29,370 and took it as a festival, 79 00:04:29,370 --> 00:04:31,439 "and fasted it" 80 00:04:31,439 --> 00:04:33,439 out of gratitude. 81 00:04:33,439 --> 00:04:34,470 "Greater right" 82 00:04:34,470 --> 00:04:38,470 means more entitled to venerate and fast this day than the Jews. 83 00:04:38,470 --> 00:04:42,110 Benefits of the Hadith: 84 00:04:42,110 --> 00:04:44,810 Derived from the hadith is 85 00:04:44,810 --> 00:04:48,810 an exposition of the virtue of fasting the Day of Ashura. 86 00:04:48,810 --> 00:04:52,810 In it is proof that the people of innovation venerating virtuous days 87 00:04:52,810 --> 00:04:54,810 does not prevent orthodox believers from venerating them properly. 88 00:04:54,810 --> 00:05:01,120 Narrated by Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father): 89 00:05:01,120 --> 00:05:04,120 "I never saw the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 90 00:05:04,120 --> 00:05:08,120 eagerly seeking to fast any day, considering it superior to others, 91 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:10,120 except this day— 92 00:05:10,120 --> 00:05:12,120 the Day of Ashura— 93 00:05:12,120 --> 00:05:14,120 and this month," 94 00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:16,120 meaning the month of Ramadan. 95 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:19,639 Commentary on the Hadith: 96 00:05:19,639 --> 00:05:21,209 "Eagerly seeking" 97 00:05:21,209 --> 00:05:23,209 means seeking out; 98 00:05:23,209 --> 00:05:24,209 and diligence (al-taharri) 99 00:05:24,209 --> 00:05:28,209 is striving eagerly and making utmost effort to attain a thing. 100 00:05:28,209 --> 00:05:29,339 "Superior to others": 101 00:05:29,339 --> 00:05:30,339 The intended meaning is 102 00:05:30,339 --> 00:05:33,339 that he fasted it due to its established virtue. 103 00:05:33,339 --> 00:05:35,439 "The Day of Ashura" 104 00:05:35,439 --> 00:05:38,439 means the tenth day of the month of Muharram. 105 00:05:38,439 --> 00:05:41,920 Benefits of the Hadith: 106 00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:44,490 Derived from the hadith is 107 00:05:44,490 --> 00:05:48,490 the recommendation of eagerly seeking to fast virtuous days. 108 00:05:48,490 --> 00:05:52,589 In it is proof that no virtue belongs to any place or time 109 00:05:52,589 --> 00:05:54,589 except through explicit textual evidence. 110 00:05:54,589 --> 00:05:59,439 Book of Tarawih Prayers. 111 00:05:59,439 --> 00:06:04,610 Chapter: The Virtue of Performing Night Prayers in Ramadan. 112 00:06:04,610 --> 00:06:10,220 Narrated by Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd al-Qari: 113 00:06:10,220 --> 00:06:16,220 "I went out with Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) one night in Ramadan to the mosque, 114 00:06:16,220 --> 00:06:20,220 and the people were in separate groups: 115 00:06:20,220 --> 00:06:22,220 a man praying by himself, 116 00:06:22,220 --> 00:06:26,220 and another man praying with a small group following his prayer. 117 00:06:26,220 --> 00:06:28,279 Umar said: 118 00:06:28,279 --> 00:06:32,279 'I think that if I gathered these people behind a single reciter, 119 00:06:32,279 --> 00:06:34,279 it would be better.' 120 00:06:34,279 --> 00:06:38,279 Then he resolved upon it and gathered them behind Ubayy ibn Ka'b. 121 00:06:38,279 --> 00:06:41,410 Later, I went out with him on another night, 122 00:06:41,410 --> 00:06:45,410 and the people were praying behind their reciter. 123 00:06:45,410 --> 00:06:47,410 Umar remarked: 124 00:06:47,410 --> 00:06:49,410 'What an excellent innovation this is! 125 00:06:49,410 --> 00:06:53,410 Yet the prayer they sleep through is better than the one they perform,' 126 00:06:53,410 --> 00:06:56,410 referring to the end of the night, 127 00:06:56,410 --> 00:06:59,410 whereas the people used to perform the night prayer in the earlier part of the night." 128 00:06:59,410 --> 00:07:02,959 Commentary on the Hadith: 129 00:07:02,959 --> 00:07:07,470 "To the mosque" means the Mosque of Madinah. 130 00:07:07,470 --> 00:07:11,470 "And the people were" indicates his surprise at their state. 131 00:07:11,470 --> 00:07:15,629 "Separate groups" means scattered gatherings. 132 00:07:15,629 --> 00:07:20,720 "In separate groups" is emphasized to highlight their division in prayer; 133 00:07:20,720 --> 00:07:24,720 the intended meaning is that they were offering voluntary prayers in the mosque 134 00:07:24,720 --> 00:07:28,790 after the Isha prayer in scattered groups. 135 00:07:28,790 --> 00:07:32,949 "A small group" (rahṭ) refers to a group numbering between three and ten. 136 00:07:32,949 --> 00:07:35,949 "I think" stems from personal judgment and ijtihad. 137 00:07:35,949 --> 00:07:39,949 "If I gathered these people" refers to those praying in separate groups, 138 00:07:39,949 --> 00:07:43,949 "behind a single reciter" to lead them as imam. 139 00:07:43,949 --> 00:07:48,040 "Better" (amthal) means more ideal and appropriate. 140 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:51,040 "Resolved" means he made a firm and decisive determination. 141 00:07:51,040 --> 00:07:55,300 "Innovation" was used considering the outward appearance of the matter; 142 00:07:55,300 --> 00:07:59,300 thus it is understood in its linguistic sense, not its technical jurisprudential definition. 143 00:07:59,300 --> 00:08:03,709 Benefits of the Hadith: 144 00:08:03,709 --> 00:08:05,709 Derived from the hadith is 145 00:08:05,709 --> 00:08:08,709 the virtue of performing night prayers, especially during the nights of Ramadan. 146 00:08:08,709 --> 00:08:13,709 In it is guidance for the leader to monitor the spiritual state of the people in worship 147 00:08:13,709 --> 00:08:16,709 and unite them upon the best condition. 148 00:08:16,709 --> 00:08:20,709 In the report is an indication of the condemnation of division and disunity. 149 00:08:20,709 --> 00:08:26,029 In the report is an indication of adhering to the Sunnah of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. 150 00:08:26,029 --> 00:08:30,029 In it is the permissibility of praying Tarawih at home, 151 00:08:30,029 --> 00:08:31,029 because his statement: 152 00:08:31,029 --> 00:08:34,029 "Later, I went out with him on another night, 153 00:08:34,029 --> 00:08:37,029 and the people were praying behind their reciter," 154 00:08:37,029 --> 00:08:41,029 indicates that Umar prayed it in his own home. 155 00:08:41,029 --> 00:08:44,159 In it is proof that the practice of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs established 156 00:08:44,159 --> 00:08:48,159 that the Tarawih prayer is performed in the early part of the night. 157 00:08:48,159 --> 00:08:51,279 Al-Shatibi said regarding the statement of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), 158 00:08:51,279 --> 00:08:53,279 "What an excellent innovation": 159 00:08:53,279 --> 00:08:57,279 "He only called it an innovation considering the outward state of affairs, 160 00:08:57,279 --> 00:09:01,279 in that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had left it, 161 00:09:01,279 --> 00:09:06,279 and it happened that it was not practiced during the time of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)— 162 00:09:06,279 --> 00:09:09,279 not that it was an innovation in the technical religious sense. 163 00:09:09,279 --> 00:09:12,279 So whoever terms it an innovation based on this consideration, 164 00:09:12,279 --> 00:09:15,279 there is no dispute over mere terminology. 165 00:09:15,279 --> 00:09:16,279 Consequently, 166 00:09:16,279 --> 00:09:20,279 it is not permissible to use this statement as proof for the validity of religious innovation 167 00:09:20,279 --> 00:09:22,279 in the jurisprudentially debated sense, 168 00:09:22,279 --> 00:09:26,279 as that would be a form of distorting words from their proper contexts." 169 00:09:26,279 --> 00:09:33,399 Chapter: Seeking the Night of Decree in the Odd Nights of the Last Ten Days. 170 00:09:33,399 --> 00:09:35,909 Narrated by Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): 171 00:09:35,909 --> 00:09:39,909 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 172 00:09:39,909 --> 00:09:42,909 used to observe i'tikaf during the last ten days of Ramadan 173 00:09:42,909 --> 00:09:44,909 and say: 174 00:09:44,909 --> 00:09:48,909 'Seek the Night of Decree in the odd nights of the last ten days of Ramadan.'" 175 00:09:48,909 --> 00:09:51,100 In a narration: 176 00:09:51,100 --> 00:09:53,100 "Search for it," 177 00:09:53,100 --> 00:09:55,100 And in another narration: 178 00:09:55,100 --> 00:09:56,100 "in the odd nights." 179 00:09:56,100 --> 00:09:59,740 Commentary on the Hadith: 180 00:09:59,740 --> 00:10:01,350 "Observed i'tikaf" (yujāwir) 181 00:10:01,350 --> 00:10:03,350 means he entered spiritual retreat in the mosque. 182 00:10:03,350 --> 00:10:04,350 "Seek" 183 00:10:04,350 --> 00:10:08,350 means search for it and strive diligently to attain it. 184 00:10:08,350 --> 00:10:11,830 Benefits of the Hadith: 185 00:10:11,830 --> 00:10:14,690 Derived from the hadith is 186 00:10:14,690 --> 00:10:18,690 the virtue of i'tikaf during the last ten days of Ramadan. 187 00:10:18,690 --> 00:10:23,690 In it is an encouragement to strive in acts of worship during the last ten days. 188 00:10:23,690 --> 00:10:28,710 Narrated by Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father): 189 00:10:28,710 --> 00:10:32,710 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 190 00:10:32,710 --> 00:10:36,710 "Seek it in the last ten days of Ramadan— 191 00:10:36,710 --> 00:10:38,710 the Night of Decree— 192 00:10:38,710 --> 00:10:40,710 when nine nights remain, 193 00:10:40,710 --> 00:10:42,710 when seven nights remain, 194 00:10:42,710 --> 00:10:45,710 when five nights remain." 195 00:10:45,710 --> 00:10:47,870 In a narration: 196 00:10:47,870 --> 00:10:49,870 "among the nine that have passed, 197 00:10:49,870 --> 00:10:51,870 or among the seven that remain." 198 00:10:51,870 --> 00:10:55,509 Commentary on the Hadith: 199 00:10:55,509 --> 00:10:57,919 "Seek it out— 200 00:10:57,919 --> 00:11:00,019 meaning, search for it— 201 00:11:00,019 --> 00:11:02,019 on the ninth remaining night, 202 00:11:02,019 --> 00:11:04,019 the seventh remaining night, 203 00:11:04,019 --> 00:11:06,019 or the fifth remaining night." 204 00:11:06,019 --> 00:11:09,019 That is, if the month is complete (thirty days), 205 00:11:09,019 --> 00:11:12,019 the interpretation would be that it falls on an odd-numbered night, 206 00:11:12,019 --> 00:11:15,019 whereas if the month is incomplete (twenty-nine days), 207 00:11:15,019 --> 00:11:17,019 it would fall on an even-numbered night. 208 00:11:17,019 --> 00:11:21,330 Among the benefits of this hadith: 209 00:11:21,330 --> 00:11:23,330 We learn from the hadith 210 00:11:23,330 --> 00:11:27,330 that Laylat al-Qadr occurs during the last ten nights of Ramadan, 211 00:11:27,330 --> 00:11:29,330 and it is most hope-for on the odd-numbered nights. 212 00:11:29,330 --> 00:11:33,330 It also contains an encouragement to seek out Laylat al-Qadr. 213 00:11:33,330 --> 00:11:39,379 Chapter: Devotional Deeds During the Last Ten Nights of Ramadan. 214 00:11:39,379 --> 00:11:42,860 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 215 00:11:42,860 --> 00:11:45,860 "Whenever the Prophet (peace be upon him) 216 00:11:45,860 --> 00:11:47,860 entered the last ten days of Ramadan, 217 00:11:47,860 --> 00:11:49,860 he would tighten his waistwrapper, 218 00:11:49,860 --> 00:11:51,860 keep his night alive with prayer, 219 00:11:51,860 --> 00:11:54,440 and awaken his family." 220 00:11:54,440 --> 00:11:56,440 Commentary on the hadith: 221 00:11:56,440 --> 00:12:00,950 The auxiliary verb *kana* indicates continuity and habituality. 222 00:12:00,950 --> 00:12:02,950 "The ten" 223 00:12:02,950 --> 00:12:04,950 refers to the last ten nights of Ramadan. 224 00:12:04,950 --> 00:12:06,950 "His waistwrapper" (*mi'zar*) 225 00:12:06,950 --> 00:12:08,950 means his *izar*. 226 00:12:08,950 --> 00:12:10,950 This expression is a metonymy either for abstaining from marital relations, 227 00:12:10,950 --> 00:12:12,950 or for preparing oneself 228 00:12:12,950 --> 00:12:14,950 and striving earnestly in worship, 229 00:12:14,950 --> 00:12:17,950 or for both of these meanings combined. 230 00:12:17,950 --> 00:12:19,980 "And kept his night alive" 231 00:12:19,980 --> 00:12:21,980 means with prayer and devotion. 232 00:12:21,980 --> 00:12:24,009 "His family" 233 00:12:24,009 --> 00:12:26,240 means his wives. 234 00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:29,230 Among the benefits of this hadith: 235 00:12:29,230 --> 00:12:31,230 We learn from the hadith 236 00:12:31,230 --> 00:12:33,230 the virtue of the last ten nights of Ramadan 237 00:12:33,230 --> 00:12:36,230 and the importance of increasing worship during them. 238 00:12:36,230 --> 00:12:41,230 It also shows that a man should regularly urge his family to perform virtuous acts of worship. 239 00:12:41,230 --> 00:12:46,200 Chapters on Itikaf (Spiritual Retreat). 240 00:12:46,200 --> 00:12:48,240 *Itikaf* 241 00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:56,250 is remaining and residing in the mosque for the purpose of drawing closer to Allah Almighty. 242 00:12:56,250 --> 00:12:59,250 Chapter: Itikaf During the Last Ten Days, 243 00:12:59,250 --> 00:13:02,250 and Itikaf in All Mosques. 244 00:13:02,250 --> 00:13:07,799 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 245 00:13:07,799 --> 00:13:10,799 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 246 00:13:10,799 --> 00:13:15,399 used to observe itikaf during the last ten days of Ramadan." 247 00:13:15,399 --> 00:13:18,919 Commentary on the hadith: 248 00:13:18,919 --> 00:13:21,919 The verb *kana* denotes constancy and continuity. 249 00:13:21,919 --> 00:13:25,299 Among the benefits of this hadith: 250 00:13:25,299 --> 00:13:28,159 We learn from the hadith 251 00:13:28,159 --> 00:13:33,159 the recommended nature of observing itikaf during the last ten days of the month of Ramadan. 252 00:13:33,159 --> 00:13:37,159 It also demonstrates the virtue of the last ten days of Ramadan. 253 00:13:37,159 --> 00:13:44,539 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (peace be upon him): 254 00:13:44,539 --> 00:13:47,539 "The Prophet (peace be upon him) 255 00:13:47,539 --> 00:13:50,539 used to observe itikaf during the last ten days of Ramadan 256 00:13:50,539 --> 00:13:53,539 until Allah took his soul, 257 00:13:53,539 --> 00:13:56,539 and his wives observed itikaf after him." 258 00:13:56,539 --> 00:14:00,019 Commentary on the hadith: 259 00:14:00,019 --> 00:14:03,399 "And his wives observed itikaf after him" 260 00:14:03,399 --> 00:14:07,399 means that its ruling remained continuous after his death, even for women, 261 00:14:07,399 --> 00:14:10,399 and it was not exclusive to him. 262 00:14:10,399 --> 00:14:13,980 Among the benefits of this hadith: 263 00:14:13,980 --> 00:14:16,940 We learn from the hadith 264 00:14:16,940 --> 00:14:21,940 the importance of persisting in virtuous deeds during blessed times. 265 00:14:21,940 --> 00:14:24,940 It also establishes the validity of women observing itikaf. 266 00:14:24,940 --> 00:14:29,409 Chapter: Observing Itikaf for a Single Night. 267 00:14:29,409 --> 00:14:31,889 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar— 268 00:14:31,889 --> 00:14:33,889 in a narration: 269 00:14:33,889 --> 00:14:35,889 "When we returned from Hunayn, 270 00:14:35,889 --> 00:14:40,889 'Umar asked the Prophet (peace be upon him) about a vow..." 271 00:14:40,889 --> 00:14:44,120 On the authority of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), 272 00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:46,120 that he said: 273 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:48,120 "O Messenger of Allah, 274 00:14:48,120 --> 00:14:54,149 I made a vow during the Days of Ignorance (*Jahiliyyah*) to observe itikaf for a night in al-Masjid al-Haram." 275 00:14:54,149 --> 00:14:58,149 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to him: 276 00:14:58,149 --> 00:15:00,149 "Fulfill your vow." 277 00:15:00,149 --> 00:15:02,629 So he observed itikaf for a night. 278 00:15:02,629 --> 00:15:04,629 Commentary on the hadith: 279 00:15:04,629 --> 00:15:07,009 "During the Days of Ignorance (*Jahiliyyah*)" 280 00:15:07,009 --> 00:15:09,330 means before Islam. 281 00:15:09,330 --> 00:15:13,320 Among the benefits of this hadith: 282 00:15:13,320 --> 00:15:18,320 The hadith provides evidence that itikaf is permissible without fasting. 283 00:15:18,320 --> 00:15:22,320 It also shows the obligation to fulfill a vow made during the Jahiliyyah, provided it is an act of obedience. 284 00:15:22,320 --> 00:15:27,980 Chapter: Women Observing Itikaf. 285 00:15:27,980 --> 00:15:30,980 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 286 00:15:30,980 --> 00:15:33,980 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 287 00:15:33,980 --> 00:15:36,980 used to observe itikaf every Ramadan; 288 00:15:36,980 --> 00:15:38,980 after he prayed the morning prayer, 289 00:15:38,980 --> 00:15:41,980 he would enter his place of retreat. 290 00:15:41,980 --> 00:15:44,980 'A'ishah asked his permission to observe itikaf, 291 00:15:44,980 --> 00:15:46,980 and he granted her permission, 292 00:15:46,980 --> 00:15:48,980 so she pitched a tent there. 293 00:15:49,980 --> 00:15:51,980 Hafsah heard about it 294 00:15:51,980 --> 00:15:53,980 and pitched a tent, 295 00:15:53,980 --> 00:15:55,980 and Zaynab heard about it 296 00:15:55,980 --> 00:15:58,980 and pitched another tent. 297 00:15:58,980 --> 00:16:03,980 When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) finished the morning prayer, 298 00:16:03,980 --> 00:16:05,980 he saw four tents 299 00:16:05,980 --> 00:16:08,980 and asked: 'What is this?' 300 00:16:08,980 --> 00:16:10,980 He was informed of their situation, 301 00:16:10,980 --> 00:16:14,980 so he said: 'What prompted them to do this? 302 00:16:14,980 --> 00:16:15,980 Righteousness?' 303 00:16:15,980 --> 00:16:18,009 In a narration: 304 00:16:18,009 --> 00:16:21,009 'Do you think they were motivated by righteousness?' 305 00:16:21,009 --> 00:16:23,009 In another narration: 306 00:16:23,009 --> 00:16:25,009 'Do you deem this to be righteousness?' 307 00:16:25,009 --> 00:16:27,009 And in a narration: 308 00:16:27,009 --> 00:16:29,009 'Did they intend righteousness by this?' 309 00:16:29,009 --> 00:16:32,110 'I am not observing itikaf. 310 00:16:32,110 --> 00:16:35,110 Dismantle them so I do not see them!' 311 00:16:35,110 --> 00:16:37,110 So they were dismantled, 312 00:16:37,110 --> 00:16:39,110 and he did not observe itikaf in Ramadan, 313 00:16:39,110 --> 00:16:43,720 but instead observed it during the last ten days of Shawwal." 314 00:16:43,720 --> 00:16:47,200 Commentary on the hadith: 315 00:16:47,200 --> 00:16:50,200 The verb *kana* denotes constancy and continuity. 316 00:16:50,200 --> 00:16:52,230 "Every Ramadan" 317 00:16:52,230 --> 00:16:54,230 means during the last ten days. 318 00:16:54,230 --> 00:16:56,259 "He prayed the morning prayer" 319 00:16:56,259 --> 00:16:58,259 means he prayed the Fajr prayer. 320 00:16:58,259 --> 00:17:01,289 "He entered his place of retreat" 321 00:17:01,289 --> 00:17:07,289 means he entered his designated area in the mosque that he had set aside for itikaf, 322 00:17:07,289 --> 00:17:09,289 which was the location of his tent. 323 00:17:09,289 --> 00:17:10,390 "A tent" (*qubbah*) 324 00:17:10,390 --> 00:17:12,390 means a small tent or enclosure. 325 00:17:12,390 --> 00:17:14,390 "From the morning prayer" 326 00:17:14,390 --> 00:17:16,390 means after completing the Fajr prayer. 327 00:17:16,390 --> 00:17:17,480 "He saw" 328 00:17:17,480 --> 00:17:19,480 means he observed. 329 00:17:19,480 --> 00:17:21,519 "Four tents" 330 00:17:21,519 --> 00:17:24,519 refers to one tent for the Prophet (peace be upon him) 331 00:17:24,519 --> 00:17:28,519 and three tents for his wives (may Allah be pleased with them). 332 00:17:28,519 --> 00:17:30,579 "What prompted them" 333 00:17:30,579 --> 00:17:33,579 refers to their motive and incentive. 334 00:17:33,579 --> 00:17:34,640 "Righteousness" 335 00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:38,640 is phrased as a rhetorical question expressing disapproval. 336 00:17:38,640 --> 00:17:41,640 Righteousness (*al-birr*) means obedience and goodness. 337 00:17:41,640 --> 00:17:43,640 "Dismantle them" 338 00:17:43,640 --> 00:17:45,640 means remove them. 339 00:17:45,640 --> 00:17:47,640 "So I do not see them" 340 00:17:47,640 --> 00:17:50,640 means so I no longer see the aforementioned tents. 341 00:17:50,640 --> 00:17:51,640 "So they were dismantled" 342 00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:53,640 means they were taken down. 343 00:17:53,640 --> 00:17:56,900 Among the benefits of this hadith: 344 00:17:56,900 --> 00:17:59,509 We learn from the hadith 345 00:17:59,509 --> 00:18:02,509 that the beginning of itikaf starts from the early part of the day. 346 00:18:02,509 --> 00:18:06,509 It also shows that the mosque is a prerequisite condition for itikaf. 347 00:18:06,509 --> 00:18:09,509 It establishes the permissibility of setting up tents inside the mosque 348 00:18:09,509 --> 00:18:13,509 and designating specific spots for retreat. 349 00:18:13,509 --> 00:18:15,509 It highlights the harmful consequence of excessive jealousy, 350 00:18:15,509 --> 00:18:20,509 as it stemmed from rivalry that led to abandoning what was superior. 351 00:18:20,509 --> 00:18:24,640 It demonstrates that a superior action may be set aside for a greater benefit, 352 00:18:24,640 --> 00:18:27,640 and that whoever fears ostentation in their act of worship 353 00:18:27,640 --> 00:18:29,640 is permitted to leave or discontinue it. 354 00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:33,670 It indicates that itikaf does not become obligatory merely by intention. 355 00:18:33,670 --> 00:18:37,670 As for his (peace be upon him) making up the retreat later, 356 00:18:37,670 --> 00:18:39,670 it was by way of recommendation, 357 00:18:39,670 --> 00:18:42,670 because whenever he performed a deed, he would maintain it consistently. 358 00:18:42,670 --> 00:18:47,670 For this reason, it is not reported that his wives observed itikaf with him in Shawwal. 359 00:18:47,670 --> 00:18:52,700 It shows that a woman should not observe itikaf until she seeks her husband's permission, 360 00:18:52,700 --> 00:18:55,700 and if she observes itikaf without his permission, 361 00:18:55,700 --> 00:18:57,700 he has the right to remove her; 362 00:18:57,700 --> 00:18:59,700 even if it was with his permission, 363 00:18:59,700 --> 00:19:02,700 he may revoke it and forbid her. 364 00:19:02,700 --> 00:19:05,700 It shows the prescribed nature of making up a missed itikaf. 365 00:19:05,700 --> 00:19:08,700 It indicates that jealousy is a natural human inclination, 366 00:19:08,700 --> 00:19:11,700 provided it does not lead to a violation of religious command. 367 00:19:11,700 --> 00:19:14,839 Chapter: 368 00:19:14,839 --> 00:19:19,839 May a Person in Itikaf Go out to the Door of the Mosque for His Needs? 369 00:19:19,839 --> 00:19:24,230 On the authority of Safiyyah, wife of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 370 00:19:24,230 --> 00:19:28,230 that she came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 371 00:19:28,230 --> 00:19:31,230 to visit him during his itikaf in the mosque 372 00:19:31,230 --> 00:19:34,230 during the last ten days of Ramadan. 373 00:19:34,230 --> 00:19:36,230 She conversed with him for an hour, 374 00:19:36,230 --> 00:19:39,230 then stood up to return home. 375 00:19:39,230 --> 00:19:42,230 The Prophet (peace be upon him) stood up 376 00:19:42,230 --> 00:19:44,230 with her to escort her back. 377 00:19:44,230 --> 00:19:46,390 In a narration: 378 00:19:46,390 --> 00:19:49,420 "The Prophet (peace be upon him) was in the mosque, 379 00:19:49,420 --> 00:19:51,420 and his wives were with him, 380 00:19:51,420 --> 00:19:52,420 so they departed. 381 00:19:52,420 --> 00:19:55,420 He said to Safiyyah bint Huyayy: 382 00:19:55,420 --> 00:19:58,420 'Do not hurry, so that I may walk back with you.' 383 00:19:58,420 --> 00:20:01,420 Her home was in the residence of Usamah. 384 00:20:01,420 --> 00:20:04,450 When she reached the door of the mosque, 385 00:20:04,450 --> 00:20:06,450 near the door of Umm Salamah, 386 00:20:06,450 --> 00:20:09,450 two men from the Ansar passed by 387 00:20:09,450 --> 00:20:13,450 and greeted the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 388 00:20:13,450 --> 00:20:17,450 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to them: 389 00:20:17,450 --> 00:20:19,450 'Slow down, 390 00:20:19,450 --> 00:20:22,450 she is only Safiyyah bint Huyayy.' 391 00:20:22,450 --> 00:20:23,450 They exclaimed: 392 00:20:23,450 --> 00:20:26,450 'Glory be to Allah, O Messenger of Allah!' 393 00:20:26,450 --> 00:20:28,450 and felt distressed that he thought he needed to explain. 394 00:20:28,450 --> 00:20:32,450 Thereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 395 00:20:32,450 --> 00:20:36,450 'Satan reaches inside man as far as the blood reaches.' 396 00:20:36,450 --> 00:20:38,519 In a narration: 397 00:20:38,519 --> 00:20:41,519 "runs through the son of Adam like blood." 398 00:20:41,519 --> 00:20:46,519 "And I feared lest he cast something into your hearts," 399 00:20:46,519 --> 00:20:47,549 or according to another narration: 400 00:20:47,549 --> 00:20:49,549 "into your minds," 401 00:20:49,549 --> 00:20:51,549 and according to another narration: 402 00:20:51,549 --> 00:20:52,549 "some evil." 403 00:20:52,549 --> 00:20:55,960 Commentary on the Hadith: 404 00:20:55,960 --> 00:20:57,440 "She was returning," 405 00:20:57,440 --> 00:21:00,440 meaning returning to her home. 406 00:21:00,440 --> 00:21:01,440 "He walked her back," 407 00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:04,440 meaning he escorted her back to her house. 408 00:21:04,440 --> 00:21:05,440 "Two men," 409 00:21:05,440 --> 00:21:10,440 namely Usaid ibn Hudayr and 'Abbad ibn Bishr (may Allah be pleased with them). 410 00:21:10,440 --> 00:21:12,480 "Go at your leisure," 411 00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:15,480 meaning slow down and do not rush. 412 00:21:15,480 --> 00:21:17,480 "It weighed heavily upon them," 413 00:21:17,480 --> 00:21:20,480 meaning it felt grave and distressful to them both. 414 00:21:20,480 --> 00:21:21,509 "The reach of blood," 415 00:21:21,509 --> 00:21:23,509 meaning akin to the flow of blood. 416 00:21:23,509 --> 00:21:26,509 The point of similarity in the comparison 417 00:21:26,509 --> 00:21:30,509 is the extreme closeness and constant presence. 418 00:21:30,509 --> 00:21:34,730 "I feared lest he cast something into your hearts." 419 00:21:34,730 --> 00:21:36,730 Al-Shafi'i said: 420 00:21:36,730 --> 00:21:38,730 "He feared disbelief for them, 421 00:21:38,730 --> 00:21:40,730 had they harbored any suspicion against him." 422 00:21:40,730 --> 00:21:43,730 So he hastened to inform them of their situation 423 00:21:43,730 --> 00:21:46,730 out of sincere concern for their spiritual well-being, 424 00:21:46,730 --> 00:21:49,730 before Satan could cast something into their hearts 425 00:21:49,730 --> 00:21:51,730 that would cause their destruction. 426 00:21:51,730 --> 00:21:54,990 "Do not hurry until I leave with you." 427 00:21:54,990 --> 00:21:57,990 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was occupied, 428 00:21:57,990 --> 00:21:59,990 so he asked her to wait a moment. 429 00:21:59,990 --> 00:22:03,210 Benefits derived from the hadith: 430 00:22:03,210 --> 00:22:05,980 From this hadith, it is deduced that 431 00:22:05,980 --> 00:22:09,980 it is permissible for a person in i'tikaf to engage in lawful matters, 432 00:22:09,980 --> 00:22:13,980 such as seeing off a visitor, standing up with them, and conversing with them. 433 00:22:13,980 --> 00:22:18,980 It also indicates that one in i'tikaf may recite the Qur'an, study hadith, 434 00:22:18,980 --> 00:22:22,980 teach, write on religious matters, and listen to sacred knowledge. 435 00:22:22,980 --> 00:22:27,009 It indicates the permissibility of a person in i'tikaf being alone with his wife. 436 00:22:27,009 --> 00:22:31,039 It indicates the permissibility of a woman visiting someone in i'tikaf. 437 00:22:31,039 --> 00:22:37,039 It demonstrates the perfection of the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) compassion for his Ummah, 438 00:22:37,039 --> 00:22:41,039 and his guidance toward whatever protects them from sin. 439 00:22:41,039 --> 00:22:45,079 It shows that it is recommended to guard oneself against exposed suspicion, 440 00:22:45,079 --> 00:22:49,079 to seek safety from misinterpretation, and to offer valid explanations. 441 00:22:49,079 --> 00:22:54,079 It shows the permissibility of a woman going out at night, provided there is no risk of temptation. 442 00:22:54,079 --> 00:22:59,900 Chapter: Observing I'tikaf During the Middle Ten Days of Ramadan 443 00:23:00,900 --> 00:23:03,319 On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 444 00:23:27,509 --> 00:23:30,119 Commentary on the Hadith: 445 00:23:30,119 --> 00:23:34,440 "Would review," referring to Gabriel (peace be upon him). 446 00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:37,440 "Was taken," meaning he passed away. 447 00:23:37,440 --> 00:23:40,880 Benefits derived from the hadith: 448 00:23:40,880 --> 00:23:46,779 From the hadith, it is derived that it is prescribed to observe i'tikaf throughout the whole month of Ramadan. 449 00:23:46,779 --> 00:23:50,779 It also highlights the recommendation to increase good deeds 450 00:23:50,779 --> 00:23:53,779 as a person reaches the later stages of life.