WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.550 --> 00:00:12.710 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:13.990 --> 00:00:16.429 Surah al-Muddaththir. 00:00:16.670 --> 00:00:23.410 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.410 --> 00:00:26.250 O you who are wrapped in your garments! 00:00:26.250 --> 00:00:28.649 Arise and warn. 00:00:28.649 --> 00:00:31.129 And your Lord magnify. 00:00:31.129 --> 00:00:33.890 And your garments purify. 00:00:34.049 --> 00:00:36.369 And the idols avoid. 00:00:36.369 --> 00:00:40.009 And do not give in order to acquire more. 00:00:40.009 --> 00:00:43.500 And for your Lord, be patient. 00:00:43.500 --> 00:00:47.500 O you who are wrapped in your garments while sleeping. 00:00:47.500 --> 00:00:54.299 Arise from your sleep and warn your people, who have associated partners with Allah and worshipped others, of the punishment of Allah. 00:00:54.299 --> 00:00:57.820 And your Lord, O Muhammad, exalt by worshipping Him. 00:00:57.820 --> 00:01:03.579 And direct your desires in your needs to Him alone, rather than to other deities and rivals. 00:01:03.850 --> 00:01:06.370 And your garments, wash them with water. 00:01:06.370 --> 00:01:09.209 And your body, purify it from sins. 00:01:09.209 --> 00:01:13.650 And the idols, abandon their worship and cease serving them. 00:01:13.650 --> 00:01:18.409 And do not bestow favors upon your Lord, expecting to increase your own good deeds. 00:01:18.409 --> 00:01:23.900 And for the sake of your Lord, be patient with the adversity you encounter in His path. 00:01:23.900 --> 00:01:28.340 So when the Trumpet is blown. 00:01:28.340 --> 00:01:34.019 “Surely that day will be a day of anguish,” (74:9) 00:01:34.060 --> 00:01:38.780 “Not of ease, for disbelievers.” (74:10) 00:01:39.930 --> 00:01:41.890 When the Trumpet is sounded. 00:01:41.890 --> 00:01:45.250 That day will be a difficult day. 00:01:45.250 --> 00:01:47.930 Allah clarifies upon whom it will fall. 00:01:47.930 --> 00:01:53.219 He said: "For the disbelievers, it is not easy." 00:01:53.219 --> 00:01:56.980 “Leave Me (to deal) with him whom I created lonely,” (74:11) 00:01:56.980 --> 00:02:01.780 “And then bestowed upon him ample means,” (74:12) 00:02:01.780 --> 00:02:04.299 And children present. 00:02:04.340 --> 00:02:07.819 And I spread everything out for him. 00:02:07.819 --> 00:02:12.379 “Yet he desireth that I should give more.” (74:15) 00:02:12.379 --> 00:02:19.300 “Nay! For lo! he hath been stubborn to Our revelations.” (74:16) 00:02:19.300 --> 00:02:23.530 I will overwhelm him with a mounting torment. 00:02:23.530 --> 00:02:29.090 Leave to Me, O Muhammad, the matter of the one whom I created alone in his mother's womb. 00:02:29.090 --> 00:02:32.289 Possessing nothing in terms of wealth or children. 00:02:32.289 --> 00:02:34.569 “And then bestowed upon him ample means,” (74:12) 00:02:34.610 --> 00:02:37.569 Or of his number or his reach. 00:02:37.569 --> 00:02:40.330 And I provided him with children who are present. 00:02:40.330 --> 00:02:43.409 And I expanded his life with ease. 00:02:43.409 --> 00:02:47.370 Then he hopes and desires that I increase him in wealth and children. 00:02:47.370 --> 00:02:49.490 Beyond what I have already given him. 00:02:49.490 --> 00:02:54.080 No, it is not as he hopes and desires. 00:02:54.080 --> 00:02:57.319 Indeed, this one whom I created alone. 00:02:57.319 --> 00:02:59.639 Was stubborn against the proofs of Allah. 00:02:59.639 --> 00:03:02.680 Given to His creation through the scriptures and the messengers. 00:03:02.680 --> 00:03:07.039 And I will burden him with a difficult torment, in which there is no rest for him. 00:03:07.039 --> 00:03:12.400 Indeed, he thought and calculated. 00:03:12.400 --> 00:03:15.479 So may he be cursed for how he calculated. 00:03:15.479 --> 00:03:19.719 “Again (self-)destroyed is he, how he planned! -” (74:20) 00:03:19.719 --> 00:03:22.520 Then he looked. 00:03:22.520 --> 00:03:26.139 Then he frowned and scowled. 00:03:26.139 --> 00:03:30.219 Then he turned back and was arrogant. 00:03:30.379 --> 00:03:36.139 “And said: This is naught else than magic from of old;” (74:24) 00:03:36.139 --> 00:03:40.919 “This is naught else than speech of mortal man.” (74:25) 00:03:40.919 --> 00:03:43.919 Indeed, this one whom I created alone. 00:03:43.919 --> 00:03:47.479 Reflected upon what Allah revealed to His servant Muhammad. 00:03:47.479 --> 00:03:50.759 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, from the Qur'an. 00:03:50.759 --> 00:03:53.159 And calculated what he should say about it. 00:03:53.159 --> 00:03:57.080 So may he be cursed for how he calculated what he was to say about it. 00:03:57.080 --> 00:04:00.319 Then may he be cursed for how he calculated his statement regarding it. 00:04:00.360 --> 00:04:04.319 Then he frowned and his face became grim. 00:04:04.319 --> 00:04:06.919 Then he turned away from faith and belief. 00:04:06.919 --> 00:04:09.599 In what Allah revealed of His Book. 00:04:09.599 --> 00:04:12.639 And he acted arrogantly against acknowledging the truth. 00:04:12.639 --> 00:04:16.480 And he said: "This which Muhammad recites." 00:04:16.480 --> 00:04:19.519 "Is nothing but magic inherited from others." 00:04:19.519 --> 00:04:21.839 "What is this which Muhammad recites?" 00:04:21.839 --> 00:04:24.079 "It is nothing but the speech of a human being." 00:04:24.079 --> 00:04:27.399 "And it is not the speech of Allah." 00:04:27.399 --> 00:04:29.639 I will cast him into Saqar (Hell). 00:04:29.639 --> 00:04:32.560 “- Ah, what will convey unto thee what that burning is! -” (74:27) 00:04:32.560 --> 00:04:35.519 “It leaveth naught; it spareth naught” (74:28) 00:04:35.519 --> 00:04:38.360 It scorches the skin. 00:04:38.360 --> 00:04:41.319 Over it are nineteen. 00:04:41.319 --> 00:04:45.040 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:04:45.040 --> 00:04:48.519 They are angels. 00:04:48.519 --> 00:04:51.079 And We did not make their number. 00:04:51.079 --> 00:04:54.399 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:04:54.399 --> 00:04:59.199 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:04:59.240 --> 00:05:02.720 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:05:02.720 --> 00:05:06.959 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:05:06.959 --> 00:05:11.240 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:05:11.240 --> 00:05:14.839 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:05:14.839 --> 00:05:16.279 And the believers. 00:05:16.279 --> 00:05:21.759 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:05:21.759 --> 00:05:24.439 Disease, and the disbelievers. 00:05:24.439 --> 00:05:28.959 "What did Allah intend by this as an example?" 00:05:28.959 --> 00:05:33.720 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:05:33.720 --> 00:05:37.759 And He guides whom He wills. 00:05:37.759 --> 00:05:42.639 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:05:42.639 --> 00:05:48.029 “We have appointed only angels to be wardens of the Fire, and their number have We made to be a stumbling-block for those who disbelieve; that those to whom the Scripture hath been given may have certainty, and that believers may increase in faith; and that those to whom the Scripture hath been given and believers may not doubt; and that those in whose hearts there is disease, and disbelievers, may say: What meaneth Allah by this similitude? Thus Allah sendeth astray whom He will, and whom He will He guideth. None knoweth the hosts of thy Lord save Him. This is naught else than a Reminder unto mortals.” (74:31) 00:05:48.029 --> 00:05:51.230 I will cast him into one of the gates of Hell. 00:05:51.230 --> 00:05:53.149 Its name is Saqar. 00:05:53.149 --> 00:05:55.550 And what could make you know, O Muhammad. 00:05:55.550 --> 00:05:57.699 What Saqar is? 00:05:57.740 --> 00:06:00.620 It is a fire that does not leave anyone in it alive. 00:06:00.620 --> 00:06:03.620 Nor does it leave anyone in it dead. 00:06:03.620 --> 00:06:07.899 But it burns them whenever their creation is renewed. 00:06:07.899 --> 00:06:10.699 It alters the skin of its people. 00:06:10.699 --> 00:06:12.019 Over Saqar. 00:06:12.019 --> 00:06:14.660 Are nineteen keepers. 00:06:14.660 --> 00:06:18.620 And We did not make the keepers of the Fire except angels. 00:06:18.620 --> 00:06:21.540 And We did not make the number of these keepers. 00:06:21.540 --> 00:06:24.379 Except as a trial for those who disbelieved in Allah. 00:06:24.379 --> 00:06:26.259 From the polytheists of Quraysh. 00:06:26.259 --> 00:06:28.339 Because of their denial of it. 00:06:28.339 --> 00:06:30.740 And the statement of some of them to their companions. 00:06:30.740 --> 00:06:33.269 "I will suffice you against them." 00:06:33.269 --> 00:06:35.870 So that the People of the Torah and the Gospel may be certain. 00:06:35.870 --> 00:06:37.709 Of the truth of what is in their books. 00:06:37.709 --> 00:06:40.990 Regarding the report of the number of the keepers of Hell. 00:06:40.990 --> 00:06:43.350 Since it matches what Allah revealed. 00:06:43.350 --> 00:06:47.949 In His Book to Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:06:47.949 --> 00:06:50.470 And so that those who believe in Allah may increase. 00:06:50.470 --> 00:06:54.269 In belief upon their belief in Allah and His Messenger. 00:06:54.310 --> 00:06:57.910 By confirming the number of the keepers of Hell. 00:06:57.910 --> 00:07:00.589 And the People of the Torah and the Gospel will not doubt. 00:07:00.589 --> 00:07:02.069 The truth of that. 00:07:02.069 --> 00:07:07.589 Nor will the believers in Allah from the Ummah of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:07:07.589 --> 00:07:11.470 And so that those in whose hearts is the disease of hypocrisy may say. 00:07:11.470 --> 00:07:15.110 And the disbelievers in Allah from the polytheists of Quraysh. 00:07:15.110 --> 00:07:17.750 "What did Allah intend by this as an example?" 00:07:17.750 --> 00:07:21.790 When He frightens us with these nineteen. 00:07:21.790 --> 00:07:26.310 Just as Allah leads astray these hypocrites and polytheists. 00:07:26.310 --> 00:07:30.990 Who say regarding Allah's report about the number of the keepers of Hell. 00:07:30.990 --> 00:07:35.069 "What did Allah intend by this report as an example?" 00:07:35.069 --> 00:07:38.230 When He frightens us by mentioning their number. 00:07:38.230 --> 00:07:40.389 And He guides the believers through it. 00:07:40.389 --> 00:07:45.279 So they increase in faith upon their faith through their confirmation. 00:07:45.279 --> 00:07:48.519 Thus, Allah leads astray whom He wills of His creation. 00:07:48.519 --> 00:07:51.240 Forsaking them from attaining the truth. 00:07:51.240 --> 00:07:56.399 And He guides whom He wills among them, granting them success in attaining what is correct. 00:07:56.399 --> 00:08:00.759 And none knows the soldiers of your Lord, in their multitude, except Allah. 00:08:00.759 --> 00:08:07.149 And this Fire which I have described is nothing but a reminder to humanity. 00:08:07.149 --> 00:08:09.310 No, by the moon. 00:08:09.310 --> 00:08:11.829 And the night as it departs. 00:08:11.829 --> 00:08:14.750 And the morning as it brightens. 00:08:14.750 --> 00:08:18.589 Indeed, it is one of the greatest things. 00:08:18.589 --> 00:08:20.910 A warning to humanity. 00:08:20.910 --> 00:08:30.629 “Unto him of you who will advance or hang back.” (74:37) 00:08:30.629 --> 00:08:31.750 No. 00:08:31.750 --> 00:08:38.470 The matter is not as claimed by the one who thought he could suffice his polytheist companions against the keepers of Hell. 00:08:38.470 --> 00:08:40.990 Until he drives them away from it. 00:08:40.990 --> 00:08:44.190 Then our Lord, the Exalted, swore by the moon. 00:08:44.190 --> 00:08:46.830 And the night as it turns and departs. 00:08:46.830 --> 00:08:49.029 And the morning as it shines. 00:08:49.029 --> 00:08:51.750 Indeed, Hell is one of the greatest things. 00:08:51.750 --> 00:08:54.070 Meaning, the momentous affairs. 00:08:54.070 --> 00:08:56.350 A warning to the children of Adam. 00:08:56.350 --> 00:09:01.309 For whoever among you, O people, wishes to advance in the obedience of Allah. 00:09:01.309 --> 00:09:04.759 Or to lag behind in His disobedience. 00:09:04.759 --> 00:09:09.960 “Every soul is a pledge for its own deeds;” (74:38) 00:09:09.960 --> 00:09:13.840 Except for the companions of the right. 00:09:13.840 --> 00:09:20.120 In gardens, they will ask one another. 00:09:20.120 --> 00:09:22.759 About the criminals. 00:09:22.759 --> 00:09:26.889 “What hath brought you to this burning?” (74:42) 00:09:26.889 --> 00:09:32.970 Every soul is bound by what it earned of disobedience to Allah in the world. 00:09:32.970 --> 00:09:35.409 Held hostage in Hell. 00:09:35.409 --> 00:09:37.490 Except for the companions of the right. 00:09:37.490 --> 00:09:39.929 For they are not held hostage. 00:09:39.929 --> 00:09:46.570 But they are in gardens, asking one another about the criminals who entered Saqar. 00:09:46.570 --> 00:09:50.539 "What led you into Saqar?" 00:09:50.539 --> 00:09:54.740 They will say: "We were not of those who prayed." 00:09:54.740 --> 00:09:58.500 "And we did not feed the poor." 00:09:58.500 --> 00:10:05.259 “We used to wade (in vain dispute) with (all) waders,” (74:45) 00:10:05.259 --> 00:10:10.899 “And we used to deny the Day of Judgment,” (74:46) 00:10:10.899 --> 00:10:15.779 "Until the certainty came to us." 00:10:15.779 --> 00:10:17.980 The criminals will say to them. 00:10:17.980 --> 00:10:22.100 "We were not in the world among those who prayed to Allah alone." 00:10:22.100 --> 00:10:24.460 "And we did not feed the poor." 00:10:24.460 --> 00:10:28.980 Out of stinginess regarding what Allah bestowed upon us, and withholding it from its rightful recipients. 00:10:28.980 --> 00:10:32.899 "And we used to indulge in falsehood and in what Allah dislikes." 00:10:32.899 --> 00:10:35.340 "With everyone who indulged in it." 00:10:35.340 --> 00:10:40.100 "And we used to deny the Day of Recompense, reward, and punishment." 00:10:40.100 --> 00:10:44.379 So we did not believe in reward, punishment, or reckoning. 00:10:44.379 --> 00:10:48.769 Until death, which is certain, came to us. 00:10:48.769 --> 00:10:54.809 “The mediation of no mediators will avail them then.” (74:48) 00:10:54.809 --> 00:11:00.379 “Why now turn they away from the Admonishment,” (74:49) 00:11:00.379 --> 00:11:06.340 So the intercession of those whom Allah has permitted to intercede for the sinners among the monotheists will not avail them. 00:11:06.340 --> 00:11:08.980 For their intercession will benefit them. 00:11:08.980 --> 00:11:15.620 So why are these polytheists turning away from Allah's reminder to them through this Qur'an? 00:11:15.620 --> 00:11:20.139 They do not listen to it so that they might be admonished and take heed. 00:11:20.139 --> 00:11:26.179 As if they were frightened wild donkeys. 00:11:26.179 --> 00:11:29.580 Fleeing from a lion. 00:11:29.580 --> 00:11:37.820 “Nay, but everyone of them desireth that he should be given open pages (from Allah).” (74:52) 00:11:37.820 --> 00:11:44.169 “Nay, verily. They fear not the Hereafter.” (74:53) 00:11:44.169 --> 00:11:49.009 So why are these polytheists who associate partners with Allah turning away from the reminder? 00:11:49.009 --> 00:11:54.450 Turning away from it like terrified donkeys fleeing from a lion. 00:11:54.450 --> 00:11:58.970 It is not that these polytheists, in their turning away from this Qur'an. 00:11:59.009 --> 00:12:02.490 Do not know that it is from Allah. 00:12:02.490 --> 00:12:08.929 But every man among them wants to be brought a scripture from the sky, revealed to him. 00:12:08.929 --> 00:12:11.090 The matter is not as they claim. 00:12:11.090 --> 00:12:15.730 That if they were given unfolded scrolls, they would believe. 00:12:15.730 --> 00:12:18.889 But they do not fear the punishment of Allah. 00:12:18.889 --> 00:12:23.009 Nor do they believe in the Resurrection, reward, and punishment. 00:12:23.009 --> 00:12:27.370 That is what prompted them to turn away from the reminder of Allah. 00:12:27.409 --> 00:12:32.710 And made it easy for them to abandon listening to His revelation and what He sent down. 00:12:32.710 --> 00:12:36.509 No, indeed, it is a reminder. 00:12:36.509 --> 00:12:40.830 So whoever wills, let him remember it. 00:12:40.830 --> 00:12:48.350 “And they will not heed unless Allah willeth (it). He is the fount of fear. He is the fount of Mercy.” (74:56) 00:12:48.350 --> 00:12:54.259 “And they will not heed unless Allah willeth (it). He is the fount of fear. He is the fount of Mercy.” (74:56) 00:12:54.259 --> 00:12:55.299 No. 00:12:55.340 --> 00:13:00.259 The matter is not as these polytheists say regarding this Qur'an. 00:13:00.259 --> 00:13:04.779 That it is magic inherited and that it is the speech of humans. 00:13:04.779 --> 00:13:09.500 But it is a reminder from Allah to His creation, by which He reminds them. 00:13:09.500 --> 00:13:14.539 So whoever among the servants of Allah, whom Allah has reminded through this Qur'an, wills. 00:13:14.539 --> 00:13:15.820 Let him remember it. 00:13:15.820 --> 00:13:20.220 And take heed of it, and act upon what it contains of Allah's commands and prohibitions. 00:13:20.220 --> 00:13:25.620 And they will not remember this Qur'an, taking heed of it and acting upon what it contains. 00:13:25.620 --> 00:13:28.820 Unless Allah wills that he remember it. 00:13:28.820 --> 00:13:31.779 Because no one is capable of anything. 00:13:31.779 --> 00:13:37.460 Except by Allah willing that he be capable of it and granting him the ability to do so. 00:13:37.460 --> 00:13:43.299 Allah is worthy that His servants fear His punishment for their disobedience to Him. 00:13:43.299 --> 00:13:47.419 So they should avoid His prohibitions and hasten to His obedience. 00:13:47.419 --> 00:13:51.740 And He is worthy to forgive their sins if they do that. 00:13:51.740 --> 00:13:57.309 And not punish them for them, provided they repent from them. 00:13:57.309 --> 00:14:01.470 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.