WEBVTT 00:00:00.240 --> 00:00:08.929 A Summary of the Concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah 00:00:08.929 --> 00:00:12.179 The Meaning of *Firqah* (Sect) 00:00:12.179 --> 00:00:14.179 The term *firqah* 00:00:14.179 --> 00:00:16.179 is synonymous with the term *ta'ifah* (group/faction), 00:00:16.179 --> 00:00:20.179 which refers to a group united by a single ideology. 00:00:20.179 --> 00:00:26.179 This is clarified by the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the hadith of schism: 00:00:26.179 --> 00:00:31.179 "The Jews split into seventy-one or seventy-two sects, 00:00:31.179 --> 00:00:36.179 and the Christians split into seventy-one or seventy-two sects, 00:00:36.179 --> 00:00:41.240 and my Ummah will split into seventy-three sects." 00:00:41.240 --> 00:00:44.240 Narrated by Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, and Ahmad, 00:00:44.240 --> 00:00:48.299 all from the hadith of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:00:48.299 --> 00:00:52.299 And in the narration of 'Awf ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) of the hadith, 00:00:52.299 --> 00:00:54.299 he added at the end of it: 00:00:54.299 --> 00:00:56.299 "One will be in Paradise, 00:00:56.299 --> 00:00:59.340 and seventy-two will be in the Fire." 00:00:59.340 --> 00:01:02.340 It was said, "O Messenger of Allah, who are they?" 00:01:02.340 --> 00:01:05.340 He said, "The *Jama'ah* (main body)." 00:01:05.340 --> 00:01:09.430 Narrated by Ibn Majah and authenticated by al-Albani. 00:01:09.430 --> 00:01:12.430 So this single saved sect 00:01:12.430 --> 00:01:15.430 is the sect and faction of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah, 00:01:15.430 --> 00:01:20.430 who have remained upon what the Messenger (peace be upon him) 00:01:20.430 --> 00:01:23.430 and his Companions adhered to in belief and action. 00:01:23.430 --> 00:01:26.430 Anyone besides them belongs to the misguided sects, 00:01:26.430 --> 00:01:29.430 being among the people of desires and innovations. 00:01:29.430 --> 00:01:33.430 Their innovation may be an act of major disbelief that expels them from the fold of Islam, 00:01:33.430 --> 00:01:37.430 such as the innovations of the Batinites and the extremist polytheistic Sufis. 00:01:37.430 --> 00:01:40.430 And it may not amount to disbelief, 00:01:40.430 --> 00:01:42.430 such that its adherents are merely 00:01:42.430 --> 00:01:45.430 outside the fold of Ahl al-Sunnah, 00:01:45.430 --> 00:01:49.430 yet remaining within the fold of the religion and the people of the Qiblah. 00:01:55.159 --> 00:01:58.159 They are the followers of the Book and the Sunnah, 00:01:58.159 --> 00:02:01.159 according to the understanding of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). 00:02:01.159 --> 00:02:05.159 They do not give precedence over that to intellect or analogical reasoning, 00:02:05.159 --> 00:02:07.159 nor to subjective spiritual tastes or political expediency. 00:02:07.159 --> 00:02:10.159 They act upon the entire Book, 00:02:10.159 --> 00:02:13.159 not setting one part of it against another. 00:02:13.159 --> 00:02:16.159 They refer its ambiguous verses back to the decisive ones, 00:02:16.159 --> 00:02:19.159 and they do not suspend an overarching decisive principle 00:02:19.159 --> 00:02:22.159 on account of a subsidiary matter or an isolated incident. 00:02:22.159 --> 00:02:26.159 They venerate the texts of the two revelations and submit completely to them, 00:02:26.159 --> 00:02:28.159 just as Allah Almighty said: 00:02:28.159 --> 00:02:31.159 "And those firm in knowledge say, 'We believe in it; all [of it] is from our Lord.'" 00:02:31.159 --> 00:02:35.159 “He it is Who hath revealed unto thee (Muhammad) the Scripture wherein are clear revelations - they are the substance of the Book - and others (which are) allegorical. But those in whose hearts is doubt pursue, forsooth, that which is allegorical seeking (to cause) dissension by seeking to explain it. None knoweth its explanation save Allah. And those who are of sound instruction say: We believe therein; the whole is from our Lord; but only men of understanding really heed.” (3:7) 00:02:35.159 --> 00:02:39.159 "And none will be reminded except those of understanding." 00:02:39.159 --> 00:02:43.789 The Designation of *Hashwiyyah* 00:02:43.789 --> 00:02:47.789 It is a derogatory label used by some people of innovation and scholastic theologians, 00:02:47.789 --> 00:02:50.789 such as the Mu'tazilites and the Ash'arites, 00:02:50.789 --> 00:02:52.789 against Ahl al-Sunnah. 00:02:52.789 --> 00:02:58.789 They intend by it that the discourse of Ahl al-Sunnah is mere superfluous, useless padding, according to their claim. 00:02:58.789 --> 00:03:03.780 The Ash'arites 00:03:03.780 --> 00:03:07.780 They are those who ascribe themselves to Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, 00:03:07.780 --> 00:03:12.780 who died in the year 324 AH. 00:03:12.780 --> 00:03:14.780 He was originally a Mu'tazilite, 00:03:14.780 --> 00:03:18.780 then he first recanted Mu'tazilism for the doctrine of Ibn Kullab, 00:03:18.780 --> 00:03:21.780 and subsequently recanted that to adopt the way of Ahl al-Sunnah, 00:03:22.780 --> 00:03:25.780 as he made clear in his book 00:03:25.780 --> 00:03:28.780 *Al-Ibanah 'an Usul al-Diyanah*. 00:03:28.780 --> 00:03:37.060 In its early stages, the Ash'arite school diverged from Ahl al-Sunnah only in the chapter of Allah's Names and Attributes; 00:03:37.060 --> 00:03:43.159 then their doctrines evolved until they diverged across numerous chapters of theology. 00:03:43.159 --> 00:03:46.259 Below are their most significant divergences: 00:03:46.259 --> 00:03:48.319 First: 00:03:48.319 --> 00:03:54.319 They allegorically interpret Allah's attributes, except for seven which they affirm through rational deduction; 00:03:54.319 --> 00:03:57.319 and regarding the rest of the attributes, they adopt two approaches: 00:03:57.319 --> 00:04:00.699 allegorical interpretation (*ta'wil*) or consigning the meaning entirely to Allah (*tafwid*). 00:04:00.699 --> 00:04:01.699 Second: 00:04:01.699 --> 00:04:06.699 Although they affirm the attribute of speech for Allah Almighty among the seven attributes, 00:04:06.699 --> 00:04:13.090 they mean by it an internal mental speech devoid of sound or letter. 00:04:13.090 --> 00:04:14.090 Third: 00:04:14.090 --> 00:04:18.089 They lean toward the doctrine of Irja' in matters of faith (*iman*). 00:04:18.089 --> 00:04:19.180 Fourth: 00:04:19.180 --> 00:04:25.180 They diverged regarding divine decree (*qadar*) and were influenced somewhat by the determinist (*Jabriyyah*) belief, 00:04:25.180 --> 00:04:30.180 innovating the concept that deeds are created by Allah and merely "acquired" (*kasb*) by the servant. 00:04:30.180 --> 00:04:32.500 Fifth: 00:04:32.500 --> 00:04:36.500 They give precedence to reason over revelation in their methodology of deduction. 00:04:36.500 --> 00:04:38.699 Sixth: 00:04:38.699 --> 00:04:42.699 They reject solitary narrations (*ahad* hadiths) in matters of creed. 00:04:42.699 --> 00:04:45.019 Seventh: 00:04:45.019 --> 00:04:51.019 They deny divine wisdom, teleology, and causality in the acts and rulings of Allah Almighty, 00:04:51.019 --> 00:04:57.019 and they declare anyone who attributes effects to causes or reasons to be a disbeliever. 00:04:57.019 --> 00:04:58.079 Eighth: 00:04:58.079 --> 00:05:04.079 Many of them adhere to certain Sufi orders in innovated acts of worship. 00:05:04.079 --> 00:05:09.269 Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah refuted them in his monumental book, 00:05:09.269 --> 00:05:12.269 *Dar' Ta'arud al-'Aql wa al-Naql* (Averting the Conflict Between Reason and Revelation). 00:05:12.269 --> 00:05:18.300 The early authority of the Ash'arites was Abu Bakr al-Baqillani, 00:05:18.300 --> 00:05:25.300 their intermediate scholar was Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, and their later authority was Ibrahim al-Laqani, 00:05:25.300 --> 00:05:31.430 the author of the book *Jawharat al-Tawhid*, which is taught and relied upon at Al-Azhar University. 00:05:31.430 --> 00:05:39.430 Thus, due to these divergences from Ahl al-Sunnah in matters of creed, the Ash'arites are not from Ahl al-Sunnah, 00:05:39.430 --> 00:05:43.430 except for those among them who did not adopt all or most of their foundational principles 00:05:43.430 --> 00:05:47.430 and only diverged in one or two issues; 00:05:47.430 --> 00:05:52.430 such a person may be said to be from Ahl al-Sunnah in general, 00:05:52.430 --> 00:05:56.430 while acknowledging his separation from them in whatever he diverged. 00:05:56.430 --> 00:06:03.430 Despite all this, the Ash'arites remain closer to Ahl al-Sunnah than the philosophers, the Batinites, 00:06:03.430 --> 00:06:07.430 the Jahmites, the Mu'tazilites, and the Rafidites. 00:06:07.430 --> 00:06:10.430 Yet their doctrine suffers from internal contradiction and inconsistency, 00:06:10.430 --> 00:06:15.430 unlike the doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah, which is definitive, consistent, and balanced, 00:06:15.430 --> 00:06:19.430 owing to its adherence to infallible revelation. 00:06:19.430 --> 00:06:25.430 It may also be said that the Ash'arites are of the Sunnis in contrast to the Shi'ah; 00:06:25.430 --> 00:06:28.430 that is, they are not Rafidite Shi'ites. 00:06:32.069 --> 00:06:37.810 The Kharijites are a sect that emerged during a time of discord among the Muslims; 00:06:37.810 --> 00:06:41.810 they declared 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) a disbeliever for accepting arbitration, 00:06:41.810 --> 00:06:47.810 and declared the Companions disbelievers, except for the two elders, Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them). 00:06:47.810 --> 00:06:52.810 Then, ultimately, they declared the general body of Muslims disbelievers on account of major sins, 00:06:52.810 --> 00:06:58.810 which necessitated by their premise that no Muslim remained on earth except themselves. 00:06:58.810 --> 00:07:04.810 Their false doctrine eventually led them to deem lawful the shedding of Muslim blood and the confiscation of their wealth. 00:07:04.810 --> 00:07:07.810 Their historical progenitor was Dhu al-Khuwaysirah al-Tamimi, 00:07:07.810 --> 00:07:13.810 who objected to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) regarding his division of the spoils of war 00:07:13.810 --> 00:07:17.810 and said, "O Messenger of Allah, be just!" 00:07:17.810 --> 00:07:23.810 Whereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) replied, "Woe to you! Who would be just if I were not just?" 00:07:23.810 --> 00:07:29.810 Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said to 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), "Leave him, 00:07:29.810 --> 00:07:36.810 for he will have companions whose prayer any of you would despise compared to their prayer, and his fasting compared to their fasting. 00:07:36.810 --> 00:07:41.810 They will recite the Qur'an, but it will not pass beyond their collarbones; 00:07:41.810 --> 00:07:46.810 they will pass through Islam just as an arrow passes completely through the game target." 00:07:46.810 --> 00:07:48.810 Agreed upon. 00:07:48.810 --> 00:07:51.970 The scholars differed as to whether they are deemed disbelievers, 00:07:51.970 --> 00:07:57.970 and one of the scholars described them as a people who combined ignorance with harshness; 00:07:57.970 --> 00:08:03.970 hence, they splintered among themselves and declared each other disbelievers. 00:08:03.970 --> 00:08:06.220 A Note of Caution: 00:08:06.220 --> 00:08:09.290 There are those today who deliberately confuse the Muslims, 00:08:09.290 --> 00:08:15.290 labeling the mujahideen who fight against the invading occupiers of Muslim lands— 00:08:15.290 --> 00:08:20.290 such as the Russians, the Zionists, and the Americans—as Kharijites. 00:08:20.290 --> 00:08:26.290 They also label anyone who calls for jihad, loyalty and disavowal regarding the disbelievers, and enmity toward them, 00:08:27.290 --> 00:08:29.290 as being from the Kharijites. 00:08:29.290 --> 00:08:35.289 Furthermore, they apply this label to anyone who disavows the leaders of disbelief and tyrants (*tawaghit*) 00:08:35.289 --> 00:08:43.289 who have legitimized what Allah forbade, rejected the law of Allah, allied with Allah's enemies, and opposed Allah's allies, 00:08:43.289 --> 00:08:47.289 whereby the legitimacy of their rule has been utterly nullified, 00:08:47.289 --> 00:08:52.289 and the label of Kharijite is invalidated for whoever disavows them. 00:08:52.289 --> 00:08:58.289 Therefore, all these accusations leveled against callers and mujahideen 00:08:58.289 --> 00:09:02.289 are sheer injustice against them and manifest slander. 00:09:02.289 --> 00:09:05.860 The Murji'ites 00:09:05.860 --> 00:09:11.860 They are a sect that arose and was considered a counter-reaction to the Kharijites and their stances. 00:09:11.860 --> 00:09:15.889 Just as the Kharijites pursued a path of extreme excess in takfir, 00:09:15.889 --> 00:09:19.889 the Murji'ites pursued a path of extreme negligence. 00:09:19.889 --> 00:09:23.889 Thus, they countered the Kharijite doctrine of declaring people disbelievers for sins 00:09:23.889 --> 00:09:27.889 with a doctrine of dilution in defining the meaning of faith (*iman*), 00:09:27.889 --> 00:09:30.889 claiming that it is merely internal assent (*tasdiq*), 00:09:30.889 --> 00:09:33.889 and they excluded righteous deeds from the reality of faith. 00:09:33.889 --> 00:09:36.889 The Murji'ites were named as such 00:09:36.889 --> 00:09:39.889 because of their postponement (*irja'*) of actions from the definition of faith. 00:09:39.889 --> 00:09:46.919 The effects of Irja' have reached some who ascribe to the doctrine of the salaf (early generations) in our present day, 00:09:46.919 --> 00:09:50.919 as they have restricted disbelief and apostasy strictly to deeming the forbidden lawful (*istihlal*) or denial (*jahd*), 00:09:50.919 --> 00:09:54.919 not viewing actions indicative of refusal, arrogance, 00:09:54.919 --> 00:09:58.919 mockery, and hatred of Allah and His law as acts of disbelief. 00:09:58.919 --> 00:10:01.110 And the Murji'ites, 00:10:01.110 --> 00:10:04.110 based upon their doctrine regarding faith and its definition, 00:10:04.110 --> 00:10:09.110 do not acknowledge that faith increases with obedience and decreases with disobedience, 00:10:09.110 --> 00:10:12.110 nor do they allow saying "I am a believer, if Allah wills" (*istithna'*). 00:10:12.110 --> 00:10:14.110 They are of various categories: 00:10:14.110 --> 00:10:16.110 among them are the extremists, 00:10:16.110 --> 00:10:20.110 who claim that faith is merely knowledge (*ma'rifah*); 00:10:20.110 --> 00:10:23.110 among them are those who restrict it to internal assent (*tasdiq*) alone; 00:10:23.110 --> 00:10:28.110 among them are those who claim it is the assent of the heart and the verbal statement of the tongue only, 00:10:28.110 --> 00:10:31.110 without admitting actions into it; 00:10:31.110 --> 00:10:33.110 and among them are those who say, 00:10:33.110 --> 00:10:37.110 "Whoever says 'There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah' is a believer, 00:10:37.110 --> 00:10:40.110 regardless of whatever deeds he commits, 00:10:40.110 --> 00:10:42.110 so long as he does not deem them lawful," 00:10:42.110 --> 00:10:46.110 despite the fact that deeming a sin lawful is a prerequisite for only some sins, not all of them, 00:10:46.110 --> 00:10:48.110 in order to rule that the perpetrator has committed disbelief. 00:10:48.110 --> 00:10:52.210 The trial of the Murji'ites has led to the dilution of religion, 00:10:52.210 --> 00:10:54.210 the spread of corruption, 00:10:54.210 --> 00:10:58.210 and the weakening of the obligation of enjoining good and forbidding evil, 00:10:58.210 --> 00:11:01.210 as well as the duty of jihad in the path of Allah. 00:11:01.210 --> 00:11:05.240 Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 00:11:05.240 --> 00:11:08.240 "Others among the Murji'ites and people of wickedness 00:11:08.240 --> 00:11:12.240 may advocate abandoning enjoining good and forbidding evil, 00:11:12.240 --> 00:11:16.240 presuming that to be a way of avoiding civil strife." 00:11:16.240 --> 00:11:18.500 And among their gravest trials 00:11:18.500 --> 00:11:22.500 is that they do not consider the apostasy of one who rejects the law of Allah 00:11:22.500 --> 00:11:25.500 and aids the enemies of Allah against the Muslims. 00:11:25.500 --> 00:11:31.500 Thus, the field was cleared for heretics and tyrants by these religious rulings from the leaders of the Murji'ites, 00:11:31.500 --> 00:11:33.500 and they wreaked havoc on earth with corruption, 00:11:33.500 --> 00:11:37.500 and disbelief was legitimized for the people under the pretext of public interest and other excuses; 00:11:37.500 --> 00:11:41.500 yet they remained believers in the eyes of the Murji'ites, 00:11:41.500 --> 00:11:45.500 simply because they say, "There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah." 00:11:45.500 --> 00:11:49.500 How delighted the tyrants are with this doctrine! 00:11:49.500 --> 00:11:53.500 For this reason, it was said that the Murji'ites follow the religion of kings. 00:11:53.500 --> 00:11:59.690 The Murji'ite jurists (*Murji'at al-Fuqaha'*) are those who say that action is obligatory, 00:11:59.690 --> 00:12:01.690 and that people vary in merit regarding it, 00:12:01.690 --> 00:12:06.690 but they do not incorporate it into the defined essence and reality of faith. 00:12:06.690 --> 00:12:11.690 This view is attributed to the school of Abu Hanifah (may Allah have mercy on him), 00:12:11.690 --> 00:12:14.690 and it is the mildest form of Irja'. 00:12:14.690 --> 00:12:17.360 The Mu'tazilites 00:12:17.360 --> 00:12:22.639 The origin of the Mu'tazilites traces back to Wasil ibn 'Ata', 00:12:22.639 --> 00:12:28.639 who differed with Imam al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding the perpetrator of a major sin, 00:12:28.639 --> 00:12:30.639 where al-Hasan said concerning him: 00:12:30.639 --> 00:12:32.639 "He is a believer on account of his faith, 00:12:32.639 --> 00:12:34.639 and a transgressor on account of his major sin," 00:12:34.639 --> 00:12:37.639 which is the doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah. 00:12:37.639 --> 00:12:39.639 But Wasil said, 00:12:39.639 --> 00:12:42.639 "He is in an intermediate state between the two states: 00:12:42.639 --> 00:12:45.639 neither a believer nor a disbeliever." 00:12:45.639 --> 00:12:47.639 As a consequence of that, 00:12:47.639 --> 00:12:49.639 Wasil ibn 'Ata' 00:12:49.639 --> 00:12:51.639 and some who shared his view withdrew 00:12:51.639 --> 00:12:53.639 from the study circle of al-Hasan al-Basri, 00:12:53.639 --> 00:12:56.639 and so they were named the Mu'tazilites (the Withdrawers). 00:12:56.639 --> 00:12:59.669 Later, their ideas evolved and branched out, 00:12:59.669 --> 00:13:03.669 incorporating Jahmite views and adopting the doctrine of the Qadarites, 00:13:03.669 --> 00:13:05.669 who deny divine decree (*qadar*) 00:13:05.669 --> 00:13:09.669 as well as the precedence of Allah's knowledge of events prior to their occurrence. 00:13:09.669 --> 00:13:13.669 Likewise, they deny that Allah creates evil or wills it, 00:13:13.669 --> 00:13:18.669 failing to distinguish between the legislative will and the universal existential will. 00:13:18.669 --> 00:13:22.669 Their innovation eventually settled upon five foundational principles: 00:13:22.669 --> 00:13:24.669 First: "Divine Justice" (al-'Adl), 00:13:24.669 --> 00:13:29.669 by which they mean denying Allah's predetermination and creation of human actions, 00:13:29.669 --> 00:13:32.669 claiming instead that people create their own deeds. 00:13:32.669 --> 00:13:34.669 Second: 00:13:34.669 --> 00:13:36.669 "Divine Oneness" (al-Tawhid), 00:13:36.669 --> 00:13:39.669 which in reality signifies their negation of Allah's attributes, 00:13:39.669 --> 00:13:44.769 under the pretext of declaring Him, Exalted and Majestic, free from any resemblance to His creation. 00:13:44.769 --> 00:13:45.769 Third: 00:13:45.769 --> 00:13:48.769 "The Intermediate State" (al-Manzilah Bayn al-Manzilatayn), 00:13:48.769 --> 00:13:52.929 which was the original heresy of the Mu'tazilah, as previously mentioned. 00:13:52.929 --> 00:13:53.929 Fourth: 00:13:53.929 --> 00:13:55.929 "The Promise and the Threat" (al-Wa'd wa-l-Wa'id), 00:13:55.929 --> 00:13:57.929 which according to them means 00:13:57.929 --> 00:14:01.929 that Allah, Glorified is He, is obligated to execute His threat, 00:14:01.929 --> 00:14:04.929 just as He bound Himself to fulfill His promise. 00:14:04.929 --> 00:14:08.929 Consequently, they consign the perpetrator of a major sin to eternal Hellfire, 00:14:08.929 --> 00:14:10.929 just as the Kharijites maintain, 00:14:10.929 --> 00:14:15.929 except that they place him in a less severe tier than that of the disbeliever. 00:14:15.929 --> 00:14:16.929 Fifth: 00:14:16.929 --> 00:14:20.929 "Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil" (al-Amr bi-l-Ma'ruf wa-l-Nahy 'an al-Munkar), 00:14:20.929 --> 00:14:22.929 whose true meaning according to them 00:14:22.929 --> 00:14:25.929 is armed rebellion against tyrannical rulers 00:14:25.929 --> 00:14:30.929 and splitting away from the collective body of Muslims who have gathered around them, 00:14:30.929 --> 00:14:33.929 rebelling against the ruler as soon as he engages 00:14:33.929 --> 00:14:37.929 in any form of sin or injustice whatsoever. 00:14:37.929 --> 00:14:41.340 When the leading scholars of the salaf (early generations) confronted the Mu'tazilah 00:14:41.340 --> 00:14:43.340 with the evidence of the Book and the Sunnah 00:14:43.340 --> 00:14:46.340 that refuted their baseless fundamentals 00:14:46.340 --> 00:14:49.340 and demolished their flimsy arguments, 00:14:49.340 --> 00:14:51.340 they resorted to another innovation 00:14:51.340 --> 00:14:54.340 that they turned into one of their foundational principles of deduction, 00:14:54.340 --> 00:14:57.340 namely the innovation of prioritizing reason over revelation, 00:14:57.340 --> 00:15:00.340 and allegorically interpreting the texts of the Book and the Sunnah 00:15:00.340 --> 00:15:03.340 whenever they contradicted the dictates of their corrupt intellects. 00:15:03.340 --> 00:15:06.340 Likewise, they rejected solitary hadiths (ahad) 00:15:06.340 --> 00:15:09.340 that conflicted with their creedal fundamentals. 00:15:09.340 --> 00:15:13.440 Today, the Mu'tazilah are echoed in their sanctification of reason 00:15:13.440 --> 00:15:15.440 and its prioritization over sacred texts 00:15:15.440 --> 00:15:17.440 by a fringe group of rootless agitators 00:15:17.440 --> 00:15:20.440 who label themselves modernists, 00:15:20.440 --> 00:15:22.440 or rationalists, 00:15:22.440 --> 00:15:24.440 or enlightenment thinkers, 00:15:24.440 --> 00:15:29.440 and who refer to the Mu'tazilah as an enlightened rationalist school. 00:15:29.440 --> 00:15:32.440 By doing so, they have served secularists 00:15:32.440 --> 00:15:35.440 in dismantling the creeds and rulings of the religion. 00:15:40.299 --> 00:15:42.299 The Pure Determinists (al-Jabriyyah al-Khalisah) 00:15:42.299 --> 00:15:47.299 are those who assert that man is entirely compelled in his actions, 00:15:47.299 --> 00:15:50.299 so no blame attaches to him for what Allah has decreed upon him 00:15:50.299 --> 00:15:52.299 in terms of sins and acts of disobedience. 00:15:52.299 --> 00:15:54.299 Through this understanding, 00:15:54.299 --> 00:15:57.299 they stand in direct opposition to the Qadariyyah, the deniers of divine decree. 00:15:57.299 --> 00:16:00.360 This sect, with this specific creed, 00:16:00.360 --> 00:16:02.360 has virtually become extinct. 00:16:03.360 --> 00:16:07.179 The Jahmiyyah 00:16:07.179 --> 00:16:10.179 are the followers of al-Jahm ibn Safwan, 00:16:10.179 --> 00:16:15.179 who absolute-negated the names and attributes of Allah, Exalted and Majestic. 00:16:15.179 --> 00:16:19.179 In this regard, they were even more extreme than the Mu'tazilah, 00:16:19.179 --> 00:16:22.179 who affirm the names of Allah 00:16:22.179 --> 00:16:25.179 while stripping them of their inherent attributes and meanings. 00:16:25.179 --> 00:16:29.179 They were also influenced by the doctrine of the Sumaniyyah, 00:16:29.179 --> 00:16:33.340 who maintained that faith consists solely of knowledge. 00:16:33.340 --> 00:16:36.340 The Jahmiyyah sect, through its ideas 00:16:36.340 --> 00:16:38.340 and false creeds, exercised a major influence 00:16:38.340 --> 00:16:41.340 upon many of the innovative sects, 00:16:41.340 --> 00:16:44.340 whether regarding the divine names and attributes 00:16:44.340 --> 00:16:47.340 or concerning the definition and true nature of faith. 00:16:47.340 --> 00:16:49.340 Among those influenced by them 00:16:49.340 --> 00:16:52.340 were the Ash'aris and the Kullabis. 00:16:52.340 --> 00:16:57.009 The Karramiyyah 00:16:57.009 --> 00:16:59.009 are the followers of Ibn Karram, 00:16:59.009 --> 00:17:03.009 and they are anthropomorphists regarding the divine names and attributes, 00:17:03.009 --> 00:17:06.009 likening the Creator to the creation. 00:17:06.009 --> 00:17:10.009 They adopted—or were forced by scholastic theologians to adopt—the assertion 00:17:10.009 --> 00:17:14.009 that Allah is a body, though not like other bodies. 00:17:14.009 --> 00:17:17.009 The salaf condemned these ambiguous terms 00:17:17.009 --> 00:17:20.009 that can carry both truth and falsehood. 00:17:20.009 --> 00:17:23.009 Furthermore, they claimed that faith 00:17:23.009 --> 00:17:25.009 is merely verbal affirmation with the tongue. 00:17:25.009 --> 00:17:29.480 The Shia Rafidites: 00:17:29.480 --> 00:17:34.500 Shi'ism originated during the era of 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:17:34.500 --> 00:17:38.500 amid the civil discord between him and Mu'awiyah, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:17:38.500 --> 00:17:42.539 Initially, it was restricted to loving 'Ali 00:17:42.539 --> 00:17:46.539 and aligning oneself with his faction, party, and supporters, 00:17:46.539 --> 00:17:49.539 without directing toward the caliphs before him 00:17:49.539 --> 00:17:51.539 any censure, revilement, or disparagement, 00:17:51.539 --> 00:17:55.569 until 'Abdullah ibn Saba' the Jew emerged among them. 00:17:55.569 --> 00:17:57.569 He feigned Islam, 00:17:57.569 --> 00:18:00.569 claimed love for the Prophet's household, 00:18:00.569 --> 00:18:03.569 went to extremes regarding 'Ali, 00:18:03.569 --> 00:18:07.569 and alleged that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had explicitly designated him 00:18:07.569 --> 00:18:09.569 as successor to the caliphate, 00:18:09.569 --> 00:18:12.569 eventually elevating him to the station of divinity. 00:18:12.569 --> 00:18:15.569 Later, the Shia splintered into numerous sects, 00:18:15.569 --> 00:18:19.569 the most famous of which is the Twelver Shia, 00:18:19.569 --> 00:18:22.569 who maintain explicit text-based designation 00:18:22.569 --> 00:18:28.569 of twelve caliphs after the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:18:28.569 --> 00:18:32.569 the last of whom is the alleged Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-'Askari, 00:18:32.569 --> 00:18:36.569 whom they claim to be the Awaited Mahdi 00:18:36.569 --> 00:18:39.569 who disappeared into a subterranean cellar in Samarra 00:18:39.569 --> 00:18:43.569 and will emerge, according to their claim, at the end of time. 00:18:43.569 --> 00:18:46.569 Other apostatizing doctrines also spread among them, 00:18:46.569 --> 00:18:51.569 including worshiping the Prophet's household and seeking deliverance from them, 00:18:51.569 --> 00:18:55.569 asserting infallibility for their twelve imams, 00:18:55.569 --> 00:18:58.569 claiming that they possess knowledge of the unseen, 00:18:58.569 --> 00:19:00.599 distorting the Qur'an 00:19:00.599 --> 00:19:07.599 or asserting that the Qur'an in our hands represents no more than a third of the original Qur'an, 00:19:07.599 --> 00:19:12.599 which they call "the Mushaf of Fatimah," may Allah be pleased with her, 00:19:12.599 --> 00:19:16.599 claiming it is concealed with their imams, 00:19:16.599 --> 00:19:20.599 declaring the vast majority of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, to be disbelievers 00:19:20.599 --> 00:19:22.599 with the exception of only seven of them, 00:19:22.599 --> 00:19:26.599 referring to Abu Bakr and 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, 00:19:26.599 --> 00:19:28.599 as "al-Jibt" and "al-Taghut"— 00:19:28.599 --> 00:19:30.599 may Allah humiliate them 00:19:30.599 --> 00:19:34.599 and take retribution upon them for their misguidance and slander— 00:19:34.599 --> 00:19:37.599 believing in the return (al-raj'ah) and the occultation (al-ghaybah), 00:19:37.599 --> 00:19:42.660 and reviling and slandering the Mother of the Believers 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her— 00:19:42.660 --> 00:19:44.660 may Allah fight them! 00:19:44.660 --> 00:19:49.789 These are the ones whom Ahl al-Sunnah and the Zaydiyyah designate as 00:19:49.789 --> 00:19:51.789 the Rafidah. 00:19:51.789 --> 00:19:56.789 They are currently prevalent in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, 00:19:56.789 --> 00:20:00.460 and the eastern Arabian Peninsula. 00:20:00.460 --> 00:20:03.650 The Zaydiyyah 00:20:03.650 --> 00:20:05.650 are a sect of the Shia 00:20:05.650 --> 00:20:07.650 who followed Zayd ibn 'Ali 00:20:07.650 --> 00:20:10.650 during the Abbasid Caliphate. 00:20:10.650 --> 00:20:16.650 This occurred when the Shia questioned him concerning the two elders, Abu Bakr and 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, 00:20:16.650 --> 00:20:18.650 so he showed loyalty to them and said: 00:20:18.650 --> 00:20:23.650 "They were the viziers of my grandfather, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him." 00:20:23.650 --> 00:20:26.650 Thereupon, a group among the Shia rejected him, 00:20:26.650 --> 00:20:28.650 and Zayd said to them: 00:20:28.650 --> 00:20:31.650 "You have rejected me (rafadtumuni)! You have rejected me!" 00:20:31.650 --> 00:20:33.650 Thus they were called the Rafidah, 00:20:34.650 --> 00:20:37.650 and they are the ones mentioned in the previous concept. 00:20:37.650 --> 00:20:40.650 Another group followed him, 00:20:40.650 --> 00:20:44.650 and they are the Zaydiyyah, named in attribution to him, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:20:44.650 --> 00:20:47.680 Their innovation is milder than that of the Rafidah, 00:20:47.680 --> 00:20:50.680 as they do not revile the Companions 00:20:50.680 --> 00:20:52.680 and view the imamate as established by description 00:20:52.680 --> 00:20:54.680 rather than by explicit designation like the Rafidah. 00:20:54.680 --> 00:20:59.809 Later, another extreme sub-sect broke away from the Zaydiyyah, 00:20:59.809 --> 00:21:02.809 adopting the doctrine of the Twelver Rafidah 00:21:02.809 --> 00:21:05.809 and endorsing most of their foundational principles; 00:21:05.809 --> 00:21:07.809 they were named the Jarudiyyah, 00:21:07.809 --> 00:21:11.809 and they are the ones who call themselves today 00:21:11.809 --> 00:21:13.809 the Houthis. 00:21:13.809 --> 00:21:16.450 The Batiniyyah 00:21:16.450 --> 00:21:21.539 is a major branch among the Shiite sects, 00:21:21.539 --> 00:21:23.539 characterized by heresy (zandaqah), 00:21:23.539 --> 00:21:27.539 claiming that the Shariah possesses both an outward and an esoteric, hidden dimension. 00:21:27.539 --> 00:21:31.539 It is also called the Sab'iyyah and the Khurramiyyah. 00:21:31.539 --> 00:21:36.569 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, is according to them an outward imam, 00:21:36.569 --> 00:21:39.789 accompanied by an esoteric, hidden imam. 00:21:39.789 --> 00:21:42.789 From this misguided sect branched out 00:21:42.789 --> 00:21:44.789 numerous other sects, 00:21:44.789 --> 00:21:46.789 such as the Isma'ilis, 00:21:46.789 --> 00:21:49.789 who call themselves the Makarimah 00:21:49.789 --> 00:21:53.789 and are found in Najran in the Arabian Peninsula 00:21:53.789 --> 00:21:57.789 as well as various other parts of the world; 00:21:57.789 --> 00:22:00.789 the Druze in Lebanon and the Golan Heights; 00:22:00.789 --> 00:22:03.789 the Agha Khanis in India; 00:22:03.789 --> 00:22:05.789 the Nusayris in Syria, 00:22:05.789 --> 00:22:09.789 who call themselves the Alawites; 00:22:09.789 --> 00:22:13.789 and the Brethren of Purity (Ikhwan al-Safa), who were based in Persia, 00:22:13.789 --> 00:22:15.789 present-day Iran. 00:22:15.789 --> 00:22:21.019 Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy upon him, counted the Batiniyyah 00:22:21.019 --> 00:22:24.019 among the philosophical Sabians who strayed outside 00:22:24.019 --> 00:22:28.019 the following of the Messengers and the fold of the Muslims, 00:22:28.019 --> 00:22:32.019 because their doctrines contain numerous acts of disbelief. 00:22:32.019 --> 00:22:34.019 Among them is major polytheism (shirk), 00:22:34.019 --> 00:22:38.019 due to their sanctification and worship of their imams besides Allah, 00:22:38.019 --> 00:22:43.019 their claiming infallibility for them along with the prerogative of legislation besides Allah, 00:22:43.019 --> 00:22:45.019 their distortion of the Qur'an, 00:22:45.019 --> 00:22:50.019 their assertion that every text in it has an outward and an esoteric meaning, 00:22:50.019 --> 00:22:55.019 and their revilement of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all. 00:22:55.019 --> 00:22:57.660 The Brethren of Purity (Ikhwan al-Safa) 00:22:57.660 --> 00:23:02.130 are a sect among the Batini Shia 00:23:02.130 --> 00:23:05.130 outside the pale of Islam. 00:23:05.130 --> 00:23:08.130 They translated Greek philosophy 00:23:08.130 --> 00:23:11.130 and made it the bedrock of their creed, 00:23:11.130 --> 00:23:13.130 naming these translated treatises 00:23:13.130 --> 00:23:16.130 *Rasa'il Ikhwan al-Safa* (Epistles of the Brethren of Purity), 00:23:16.130 --> 00:23:20.130 which took place in the fourth century of the Hijrah. 00:23:20.130 --> 00:23:24.819 The Isma'ilis 00:23:24.819 --> 00:23:27.819 are an apostate Batini Shia sect 00:23:27.819 --> 00:23:32.819 that claims lineage to Isma'il ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq. 00:23:32.819 --> 00:23:34.819 Among them were the Ubaydis, 00:23:34.819 --> 00:23:38.819 who called themselves the Fatimids, 00:23:38.819 --> 00:23:41.819 and they were the ones who ruled Egypt, the Levant, 00:23:41.819 --> 00:23:44.819 and the Arabian Peninsula for an era, 00:23:44.819 --> 00:23:47.819 during which they subjected the Muslims to devastating calamities, 00:23:47.819 --> 00:23:49.819 wreaked corruption and ruin across the lands, 00:23:49.819 --> 00:23:52.819 and openly displayed disbelief and heresy therein. 00:23:52.819 --> 00:23:55.980 The Isma'ilis are currently present 00:23:55.980 --> 00:23:56.980 in Najran and Yemen, 00:23:56.980 --> 00:24:00.980 Most of their followers are ignorant and misguided people. 00:24:00.980 --> 00:24:02.980 Among their well-known books 00:24:02.980 --> 00:24:05.980 is *Da'a'im al-Islam*. 00:24:05.980 --> 00:24:08.589 The Qarmatians (Qaramitah) 00:24:08.589 --> 00:24:12.740 are one of the esoteric (Batini) Shiite sects 00:24:12.740 --> 00:24:15.740 that broke away from the Isma'ilis. 00:24:15.740 --> 00:24:19.740 They established their state in eastern Arabia, 00:24:19.740 --> 00:24:23.779 intercepted the pilgrim routes, and slaughtered the pilgrims. 00:24:23.779 --> 00:24:26.779 They stole the Black Stone from the Ka'bah 00:24:26.779 --> 00:24:29.779 and carried it off to the region of Hajar, 00:24:29.779 --> 00:24:31.779 present-day al-Ahsa'. 00:24:31.779 --> 00:24:34.779 It remained there for twenty-two years, 00:24:34.779 --> 00:24:37.779 during which the Hajj was disrupted out of fear of them 00:24:37.779 --> 00:24:40.779 and because of their interception of the pilgrim routes. 00:24:40.779 --> 00:24:42.779 Then they returned it to the Ka'bah 00:24:42.779 --> 00:24:44.779 and restored the Hajj season. 00:24:44.779 --> 00:24:49.869 It is said they did so after a truce and agreement with the Abbasid Caliphate, 00:24:49.869 --> 00:24:53.869 in exchange for being left undisturbed in the territories under their control. 00:24:53.869 --> 00:25:00.869 It is also said they did so in submission to threats made against them by the Fatimid Ubaydi ruler. 00:25:00.869 --> 00:25:06.349 The Qarmatians ruled most of the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, 00:25:06.349 --> 00:25:10.349 which occurred during the period of weakness of the Abbasid Caliphate. 00:25:10.349 --> 00:25:14.349 They trace their lineage to the Batini Shiite Ibn Qarmat, 00:25:14.349 --> 00:25:17.349 named Hamdan Qarmat 00:25:17.349 --> 00:25:19.349 ibn al-Ash'ath al-Baqqar— 00:25:19.349 --> 00:25:22.349 may he receive from Allah what he deserves. 00:25:22.349 --> 00:25:25.579 Among their most blatantly blasphemous doctrines 00:25:25.579 --> 00:25:28.579 is deifying other than Allah the Exalted 00:25:28.579 --> 00:25:31.579 and claiming infallibility for their Imams. 00:25:31.579 --> 00:25:35.579 They are characterized by reviling the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, 00:25:35.579 --> 00:25:39.579 and they hold blasphemous beliefs concerning Allah, Mighty and Majestic, 00:25:39.579 --> 00:25:42.579 His names, His attributes, and His actions— 00:25:42.579 --> 00:25:46.579 exalted is Allah far above that! 00:25:46.579 --> 00:25:51.589 The Nusayris 00:25:51.589 --> 00:25:54.589 are a sect belonging to the Batini Shiites. 00:25:54.589 --> 00:25:57.589 They are followers of Muhammad ibn Nusayr, 00:25:57.589 --> 00:26:00.589 and they still exist in Syria today. 00:26:00.589 --> 00:26:03.589 They deify 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:26:03.589 --> 00:26:07.589 and currently call themselves the Alawites (Alawis). 00:26:07.589 --> 00:26:10.589 They possess blasphemous books and rituals. 00:26:10.589 --> 00:26:14.589 Among their blasphemous texts is their saying: 00:26:14.589 --> 00:26:21.329 "I bear witness that there is no god but Haydarah, the Receding-Haired and Stout-Bellied." 00:26:21.329 --> 00:26:25.259 The Aga Khanis 00:26:25.259 --> 00:26:28.259 are another sect of the Batini Shiites. 00:26:28.259 --> 00:26:32.259 They are followers of the Aga Khan, who resides in the West. 00:26:32.259 --> 00:26:38.259 Among their rituals is weighing him against gold every year on his birthday 00:26:38.259 --> 00:26:41.259 and handing it over to him. 00:26:41.259 --> 00:26:46.259 They are present today in Kenya, India, Yemen, and elsewhere. 00:26:46.259 --> 00:26:50.289 They deceive the general public by building mosques, 00:26:50.289 --> 00:26:52.289 such as in Egypt and other places, 00:26:52.289 --> 00:26:57.289 while holding the very same blasphemous Batini beliefs. 00:26:57.289 --> 00:26:59.859 The Druze 00:26:59.859 --> 00:27:03.019 are an esoteric (Batini) sect. 00:27:03.019 --> 00:27:07.019 They are followers of Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Darzi, 00:27:07.019 --> 00:27:10.019 an attribution linked to *awlad darzah*, 00:27:10.019 --> 00:27:12.019 meaning a tailor. 00:27:12.019 --> 00:27:16.019 He deified the Ubaydi ruler al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. 00:27:16.019 --> 00:27:19.019 The Druze still exist today 00:27:19.019 --> 00:27:23.019 in the mountains of Lebanon and in the occupied Golan. 00:27:23.019 --> 00:27:26.019 They have a book called *al-Hikmah*. 00:27:26.019 --> 00:27:28.019 They are divided into the *'Uqqal* (initiated), 00:27:28.019 --> 00:27:31.019 who are their sages and elders, 00:27:31.019 --> 00:27:33.019 and the *Juhhal* (uninitiated), 00:27:33.019 --> 00:27:35.019 who are their commoners. 00:27:35.019 --> 00:27:37.019 They possess esoteric rituals and secrets, 00:27:37.019 --> 00:27:41.019 and they believe in much of what is found in Hinduism, 00:27:41.019 --> 00:27:44.019 particularly the doctrine of the transmigration of souls, 00:27:44.019 --> 00:27:47.019 which they call *taqammus* (reincarnation). 00:27:47.019 --> 00:27:51.619 They refer to themselves as the *Muwahhidun* (Unitarians). 00:27:51.619 --> 00:27:53.619 The Baha'i faith 00:27:53.619 --> 00:27:56.519 is another esoteric (Batini) sect, 00:27:56.519 --> 00:27:59.519 founded by Mirza Husayn 00:27:59.519 --> 00:28:00.519 in Iran 00:28:00.519 --> 00:28:03.519 during the nineteenth century CE. 00:28:03.519 --> 00:28:07.519 They venerate the number nineteen very highly. 00:28:07.519 --> 00:28:09.519 They have a presence in the West 00:28:09.519 --> 00:28:13.519 and in the Jewish state in occupied Palestine. 00:28:13.519 --> 00:28:16.220 Qadianism, 00:28:16.220 --> 00:28:19.539 also known as the Ahmadiyya, 00:28:19.539 --> 00:28:21.539 is an esoteric sect 00:28:21.539 --> 00:28:24.539 led by Ahmad al-Qadiani. 00:28:24.539 --> 00:28:26.539 He laid claim to prophethood 00:28:26.539 --> 00:28:29.539 and claimed that revelation was sent down to him from London. 00:28:29.539 --> 00:28:31.539 He abolished jihad 00:28:31.539 --> 00:28:33.539 and called the Muslims of India and Pakistan 00:28:33.539 --> 00:28:35.539 to submit to the occupation, 00:28:35.539 --> 00:28:38.660 namely British imperialism. 00:28:38.660 --> 00:28:40.660 Today, they have an active presence in the West, 00:28:40.660 --> 00:28:42.660 which would never have gained ground 00:28:42.660 --> 00:28:45.660 were it not for the spiritual void among Westerners. 00:28:45.660 --> 00:28:47.660 Qadian, 00:28:47.660 --> 00:28:49.660 from which Ahmad al-Qadiani emerged, 00:28:49.660 --> 00:28:51.660 is a town in Pakistan, 00:28:51.660 --> 00:28:54.660 and that is why they are named after it. 00:28:54.660 --> 00:28:59.099 Tasawwuf and Sufism: 00:28:59.099 --> 00:29:02.900 Tasawwuf, to which the Sufis ascribe themselves, 00:29:02.900 --> 00:29:06.900 is a doctrine holding that the knowledge of Allah the Exalted 00:29:06.900 --> 00:29:08.900 is attained through experiential tasting (*dhawq*) and ecstasy (*wajd*), 00:29:08.900 --> 00:29:11.900 not through rational deduction. 00:29:11.900 --> 00:29:14.900 Most of them lean toward the Hindu method 00:29:14.900 --> 00:29:16.900 of mortifying the self 00:29:16.900 --> 00:29:18.900 to qualify it for union with the Divine, 00:29:18.900 --> 00:29:21.900 which they term *al-fana'* (annihilation). 00:29:21.900 --> 00:29:24.000 Sufism came to attract 00:29:24.000 --> 00:29:25.000 some Muslims 00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:28.000 after the fourth century AH. 00:29:28.000 --> 00:29:31.000 They introduced dancing and musical listening (*sama'*) into religion, 00:29:31.000 --> 00:29:34.000 and they adopted newly invented, deviant terminologies 00:29:34.000 --> 00:29:37.000 and innovations, some of which bring the practitioner 00:29:37.000 --> 00:29:39.000 to the point of apostasy from Islam, 00:29:39.000 --> 00:29:41.000 while others fall short of that. 00:29:41.000 --> 00:29:44.190 In its early beginnings, the emergence of Sufism 00:29:44.190 --> 00:29:46.190 was due to historical factors, 00:29:46.190 --> 00:29:49.190 including the weakening of the central Caliphate 00:29:49.190 --> 00:29:51.190 or its deviation, 00:29:51.190 --> 00:29:54.190 along with people immersing themselves in luxury and indulgence, 00:29:54.190 --> 00:29:56.190 forgetting the Hereafter, 00:29:56.190 --> 00:29:58.190 and straying from walking its path. 00:29:58.190 --> 00:30:01.190 The reaction to this 00:30:01.190 --> 00:30:04.190 was hostility toward worldly life and the renunciation of it. 00:30:04.190 --> 00:30:05.190 That was followed by 00:30:05.190 --> 00:30:08.190 being influenced by Indian asceticism 00:30:08.190 --> 00:30:10.319 or Christian monasticism. 00:30:10.319 --> 00:30:12.319 Among the traits of the Sufis 00:30:12.319 --> 00:30:15.319 is being influenced by the doctrine of the Jabriyyah (determinists) 00:30:15.319 --> 00:30:17.319 and abandoning reliance on practical means. 00:30:17.319 --> 00:30:21.319 Their deviant terminologies are numerous and varied; 00:30:21.319 --> 00:30:25.319 we will present the most prominent in the following concepts: 00:30:25.319 --> 00:30:28.220 Tasting (*al-dhawq*): 00:30:28.220 --> 00:30:32.500 What is meant by *dhawq* according to the Sufis 00:30:32.500 --> 00:30:34.500 is that which a person comes to believe 00:30:34.500 --> 00:30:37.500 without relying on textual transmission or intellect. 00:30:37.500 --> 00:30:39.500 It is a type of unveiling (*kashf*) according to them, 00:30:39.500 --> 00:30:42.500 consisting of an internal sensation 00:30:42.500 --> 00:30:44.500 coupled with intuition. 00:30:44.500 --> 00:30:47.390 Unveiling (*al-kashf*): 00:30:47.390 --> 00:30:50.769 According to the Sufis, it is 00:30:50.769 --> 00:30:54.769 the direct, self-derived apprehension of realities without instruction. 00:30:54.769 --> 00:30:58.769 It is their counterpart to reason among the Mu'tazilah, 00:30:58.769 --> 00:31:01.769 closely resembling the aforementioned concept of *dhawq*. 00:31:01.769 --> 00:31:04.769 According to them, it occurs through divine opening 00:31:04.769 --> 00:31:09.769 or direct divine teaching, as they claim. 00:31:09.769 --> 00:31:12.569 Direct address (*al-mukhatabah*): 00:31:12.569 --> 00:31:18.750 According to the Sufis, it is Allah the Exalted speaking directly to one of His creation. 00:31:18.750 --> 00:31:21.750 They have a book dedicated to this: 00:31:21.750 --> 00:31:23.750 *al-Mawaqif wa-al-Mukhatabat* 00:31:23.750 --> 00:31:26.750 by 'Abd al-Jabbar al-Niffari, 00:31:26.750 --> 00:31:29.750 in which every section begins with the phrase: 00:31:29.750 --> 00:31:32.750 "The Truth made me stand and addressed me." 00:31:32.750 --> 00:31:35.579 The path (*al-tariqah*): 00:31:35.579 --> 00:31:38.960 According to the Sufis, it is 00:31:38.960 --> 00:31:43.960 following a specific master in the method of remembrance and worship, 00:31:43.960 --> 00:31:47.960 and it is among the things that distinguish Sufism from others. 00:31:47.960 --> 00:31:50.960 This is an innovation that contradicts the methodology of the salaf (early generations), 00:31:50.960 --> 00:31:52.960 who had no one to follow 00:31:52.960 --> 00:31:56.960 except the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:31:56.960 --> 00:31:59.960 and the Rightly Guided Caliphs after him, 00:31:59.960 --> 00:32:03.960 whom the Messenger himself, peace be upon him, instructed 00:32:03.960 --> 00:32:06.019 to adhere to their Sunnah. 00:32:06.019 --> 00:32:10.019 In tracing their chain of transmission to the shaykh, the Sufis rely 00:32:10.019 --> 00:32:13.019 on the patched cloak (*al-khirqah*), in which they take great pride, 00:32:13.019 --> 00:32:16.019 as one of them said: 00:32:16.019 --> 00:32:19.019 "If they confront us with the knowledge of paper, 00:32:19.019 --> 00:32:22.019 we confront them with the knowledge of patched cloaks." 00:32:22.019 --> 00:32:27.299 Divine indwelling (*al-hulul*): 00:32:27.299 --> 00:32:30.299 This is a station among the extremist Sufis, 00:32:30.299 --> 00:32:32.299 meaning according to them 00:32:32.299 --> 00:32:36.299 that Allah the Exalted indwells whomever He wills among His creation. 00:32:36.299 --> 00:32:40.299 In this, they are influenced by the Christian doctrine, 00:32:40.299 --> 00:32:46.299 which asserts that Allah the Exalted indwelt the Messiah, peace be upon him, 00:32:46.299 --> 00:32:50.299 claiming that divinity (*al-lahut*) indwelt humanity (*al-nasut*). 00:32:50.299 --> 00:32:57.289 Exalted is Allah far above all that they say! 00:32:57.289 --> 00:33:00.410 Unification (*al-ittihad*): 00:33:00.410 --> 00:33:03.410 This is likewise a term among the extremist Sufis, 00:33:03.410 --> 00:33:07.410 by which they mean the possibility of the Creator and the creation unifying 00:33:07.410 --> 00:33:10.410 so as to become one single entity. 00:33:10.410 --> 00:33:14.410 As mentioned earlier, this is an influence of the Christian doctrine 00:33:14.410 --> 00:33:16.410 that asserts the unification of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, 00:33:16.410 --> 00:33:19.410 with the Messiah, peace be upon him— 00:33:19.410 --> 00:33:24.410 exalted is Allah far above what they claim! 00:33:24.410 --> 00:33:29.940 Unity of existence (*wahdat al-wujud*): 00:33:29.940 --> 00:33:32.940 This is the doctrine of those who claim that the Creator and the creation 00:33:32.940 --> 00:33:35.940 are a single reality with no duality, 00:33:35.940 --> 00:33:40.940 and that there is not a Creator and a separate creation distinct from Him. 00:33:40.940 --> 00:33:44.940 Many European thinkers came to believe in it 00:33:44.940 --> 00:33:46.940 to escape the Church's doctrine of the Trinity. 00:33:46.940 --> 00:33:52.640 Indwelling and unification among the extremist Sufis are of two kinds: 00:33:52.640 --> 00:34:00.440 General indwelling, as held by those who say that Allah is present everywhere, 00:34:00.440 --> 00:34:04.440 or that His existence is identical to the existence of created things; 00:34:04.440 --> 00:34:11.440 and specific indwelling, as held by those who say that Allah indwelt certain members of the Prophet's family, 00:34:11.440 --> 00:34:13.440 such as 'Ali and others. 00:34:13.440 --> 00:34:18.500 The ruling on the proponents of indwelling and unification: 00:34:18.500 --> 00:34:24.650 Whoever embraces this doctrine among the Batiniyyah and extremist Sufis 00:34:24.650 --> 00:34:27.650 has apostatized from the religion of Islam. 00:34:27.650 --> 00:34:30.650 His disbelief is like that of the Christians 00:34:30.650 --> 00:34:32.650 who affirm the Trinity 00:34:32.650 --> 00:34:36.650 and the indwelling of Allah in Jesus, peace be upon him. 00:34:36.650 --> 00:34:40.739 Devout ascetics among the salaf and Sufism: 00:34:43.079 --> 00:34:47.079 Sufism, with its deviations and ecstatic utterances, did not emerge 00:34:47.079 --> 00:34:50.079 except after the fourth century AH. 00:34:50.079 --> 00:34:52.079 Before that, however, 00:34:52.079 --> 00:34:56.079 the devout worshippers belonging to the first three favored generations 00:34:56.079 --> 00:35:01.079 were known for their diligence in worship, asceticism in worldly matters, and scrupulous piety, 00:35:01.079 --> 00:35:06.079 following therein the guidance of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:35:06.079 --> 00:35:08.079 and his noble Companions. 00:35:08.079 --> 00:35:11.079 Among these venerable worshippers were 00:35:11.079 --> 00:35:13.079 Ahmad ibn Hanbal, 00:35:13.079 --> 00:35:14.079 Ibn al-Mubarak, 00:35:14.079 --> 00:35:16.079 Sufyan al-Thawri, 00:35:16.079 --> 00:35:18.079 al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad, 00:35:18.079 --> 00:35:19.079 and others. 00:35:19.079 --> 00:35:25.079 None of them had any part in the ecstatic utterances or innovations of the Sufis, 00:35:25.079 --> 00:35:29.079 for Sufism did not even exist during their era. 00:35:29.079 --> 00:35:31.079 Even so, 00:35:31.079 --> 00:35:36.079 the Sufis claim that these virtuous worshippers were of their ranks, 00:35:36.079 --> 00:35:39.079 and they attribute them to their own order; 00:35:39.079 --> 00:35:43.079 but the truth is that they are entirely innocent of all of that. 00:35:43.079 --> 00:35:45.909 The Jews. 00:35:45.909 --> 00:35:49.000 The name "al-Yahud" (the Jews) 00:35:49.000 --> 00:35:51.000 is derived from "al-hawd", 00:35:51.000 --> 00:35:52.000 which linguistically means 00:35:52.000 --> 00:35:54.000 returning and turning back, 00:35:54.000 --> 00:35:56.000 and what is meant by it 00:35:56.000 --> 00:35:58.000 is returning in repentance to Allah Almighty; 00:35:58.000 --> 00:36:00.000 from this comes the saying of the Almighty: 00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:03.000 "Indeed, we have turned back to You in repentance." 00:36:03.000 --> 00:36:08.349 The Jews who were followers of the Prophet of Allah, Moses, peace be upon him, in his era 00:36:08.349 --> 00:36:10.349 were monotheistic Muslims, 00:36:10.349 --> 00:36:14.380 just like all followers of the prophets throughout the ages. 00:36:14.380 --> 00:36:21.380 As for the Jews after the sending of Jesus, peace be upon him, and after him Muhammad, peace be upon him, 00:36:21.380 --> 00:36:24.380 who did not believe in either of them, 00:36:24.380 --> 00:36:25.380 they are disbelievers, 00:36:25.380 --> 00:36:29.380 even though they are singled out for the rulings governing the treatment of the People of the Book. 00:36:29.380 --> 00:36:33.480 The Jews during the era of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:36:33.480 --> 00:36:36.480 were in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, 00:36:36.480 --> 00:36:41.480 and only a few of them believed in him, peace be upon him. 00:36:41.480 --> 00:36:45.480 The rest persisted in following the distorted Torah 00:36:45.480 --> 00:36:47.480 and the rabbis who corrupted it, 00:36:47.480 --> 00:36:52.480 who concealed the truth about Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:36:52.480 --> 00:36:55.480 despite knowing him completely, 00:36:55.480 --> 00:36:57.480 as the Almighty said: 00:36:57.480 --> 00:37:04.480 "Those to whom We gave the Scripture know him just as they know their own sons." 00:37:04.480 --> 00:37:09.480 “Those unto whom We gave the Scripture recognise (this revelation) as they recognise their sons. But lo! a party of them knowingly conceal the truth.” (2:146) 00:37:09.480 --> 00:37:12.539 The hypocrites were their close confidants, 00:37:12.539 --> 00:37:15.539 taking refuge with them and allying with them. 00:37:15.539 --> 00:37:20.610 After the Jews betrayed the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and the Muslims, 00:37:20.610 --> 00:37:24.610 the Prophet, peace be upon him, expelled from among them 00:37:24.610 --> 00:37:26.610 Banu al-Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa', 00:37:26.610 --> 00:37:31.610 and fought Banu Qurayzah until they surrendered to his judgment; 00:37:31.610 --> 00:37:36.610 so their combatants were executed and their women were taken captive as a consequence of their treachery. 00:37:36.610 --> 00:37:39.610 Those Jews who were expelled went to Khaybar 00:37:39.610 --> 00:37:43.610 and remained there until they were expelled from it to the Levant by 00:37:43.610 --> 00:37:46.610 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:37:46.610 --> 00:37:49.739 Christian Europe waged war against them, 00:37:49.739 --> 00:37:53.739 and they found no refuge except in the lands of the Muslims, 00:37:53.739 --> 00:37:56.739 who treated them according to the rules for the People of the Book, 00:37:56.739 --> 00:37:58.739 with justice and fairness, 00:37:58.739 --> 00:38:00.739 in their status as protected subjects (dhimmi). 00:38:00.739 --> 00:38:04.929 In general, the Jews are people who spread corruption across the earth 00:38:04.929 --> 00:38:06.929 and persist in disobedience to the Lord, 00:38:06.929 --> 00:38:08.929 as the Almighty said: 00:38:08.929 --> 00:38:12.929 “The Jews say: Allah's hand is fettered. Their hands are fettered and they are accursed for saying so. Nay, but both His hands are spread out wide in bounty. He bestoweth as He will. That which hath been revealed unto thee from thy Lord is certain to increase the contumacy and disbelief of many of them, and We have cast among them enmity and hatred till the Day of Resurrection. As often as they light a fire for war, Allah extinguisheth it. Their effort is for corruption in the land, and Allah loveth not corrupters.” (5:64) 00:38:12.929 --> 00:38:15.929 "And they strive to spread corruption across the land." 00:38:15.929 --> 00:38:18.929 “The Jews say: Allah's hand is fettered. Their hands are fettered and they are accursed for saying so. Nay, but both His hands are spread out wide in bounty. He bestoweth as He will. That which hath been revealed unto thee from thy Lord is certain to increase the contumacy and disbelief of many of them, and We have cast among them enmity and hatred till the Day of Resurrection. As often as they light a fire for war, Allah extinguisheth it. Their effort is for corruption in the land, and Allah loveth not corrupters.” (5:64) 00:38:18.929 --> 00:38:22.929 Many of them harmed the Prophet of Allah, Moses, peace be upon him, 00:38:22.929 --> 00:38:24.929 during his lifetime and disobeyed him, 00:38:24.929 --> 00:38:26.929 as the Almighty said. 00:38:27.929 --> 00:38:32.929 “O ye who believe! Be not as those who slandered Moses, but Allah proved his innocence of that which they alleged, and he was well esteemed in Allah's sight.” (33:69) 00:38:32.929 --> 00:38:35.929 “O ye who believe! Be not as those who slandered Moses, but Allah proved his innocence of that which they alleged, and he was well esteemed in Allah's sight.” (33:69) 00:38:35.929 --> 00:38:38.929 “O ye who believe! Be not as those who slandered Moses, but Allah proved his innocence of that which they alleged, and he was well esteemed in Allah's sight.” (33:69) 00:38:38.929 --> 00:38:42.019 And after Moses, peace be upon him, 00:38:42.019 --> 00:38:44.019 they continued spreading corruption across the land, 00:38:44.019 --> 00:38:49.019 and they killed Allah's prophets, Zechariah and John, peace be upon them. 00:38:49.019 --> 00:38:53.019 Allah subjected them to humiliation throughout their history, 00:38:53.019 --> 00:38:56.019 until He willed in His wisdom, Mighty and Majestic is He, 00:38:56.019 --> 00:39:02.019 that they should be enabled in recent decades to occupy Palestine and Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem). 00:39:02.019 --> 00:39:06.019 Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, gathered them from their dispersion across the earth 00:39:06.019 --> 00:39:12.019 in order to execute His final decree upon them by destroying them and ridding the earth of them at the end of time, 00:39:12.019 --> 00:39:15.019 at the hands of the Victorious Group of Muslims, 00:39:15.019 --> 00:39:19.019 just as the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, foretold. 00:39:19.019 --> 00:39:25.019 Perhaps this is what is meant by the words of Allah Almighty at the end of Surat al-Isra': 00:39:25.019 --> 00:39:30.019 "And We said after him to the Children of Israel, 'Dwell in the land...'" 00:39:30.019 --> 00:39:36.019 “And We said unto the Children of Israel after him: Dwell in the land; but when the promise of the Hereafter cometh to pass We shall bring you as a crowd gathered out of various nations.” (17:104) 00:39:36.019 --> 00:39:40.280 Among the Jewish sects is a sect known as the 'Isawiyyah, 00:39:40.280 --> 00:39:43.280 named after Abu 'Isa al-Isfahani, 00:39:43.280 --> 00:39:47.280 who appeared in Persia in the second century AH. 00:39:47.280 --> 00:39:51.280 They claimed signs and miracles on his behalf, 00:39:51.280 --> 00:39:54.280 and many Jews followed him. 00:39:54.280 --> 00:39:59.280 Among their positions was that Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:39:59.280 --> 00:40:01.280 and Jesus, peace be upon him, 00:40:01.280 --> 00:40:04.280 were sent only to their own peoples, 00:40:04.280 --> 00:40:08.280 and were not sent to abrogate the law of Moses, peace be upon him. 00:40:08.280 --> 00:40:11.280 That is a claim that is easily refuted, 00:40:11.280 --> 00:40:15.280 for they are obligated to believe in the truthfulness of those whose messengership they acknowledge, 00:40:15.280 --> 00:40:19.280 and within the message of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:40:19.280 --> 00:40:22.280 the word of Allah Almighty has come: 00:40:22.280 --> 00:40:26.280 “And We have not sent thee (O Muhammad) save as a bringer of good tidings and a warner unto all mankind; but most of mankind know not.” (34:28) 00:40:26.280 --> 00:40:28.280 as well as His saying: 00:40:28.280 --> 00:40:32.280 “We sent thee not save as a mercy for the peoples.” (21:107) 00:40:32.280 --> 00:40:38.309 Furthermore, the news of his calling Chosroes, Caesar, and all the non-Arab kings has been mutawatir; 00:40:38.309 --> 00:40:42.309 therefore, their claim is impossible and self-contradictory. 00:40:42.309 --> 00:40:45.239 The Torah. 00:40:45.239 --> 00:40:52.519 The Torah is the Book revealed by Allah to His Prophet Moses, peace be upon him. 00:40:52.519 --> 00:40:54.519 The Almighty said: 00:40:54.519 --> 00:40:59.519 “Lo! We did reveal the Torah, wherein is guidance and a light, by which the prophets who surrendered (unto Allah) judged the Jews, and the rabbis and the priests (judged) by such of Allah's Scripture as they were bidden to observe, and thereunto were they witnesses. So fear not mankind, but fear Me. And My revelations for a little gain. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are disbelievers.” (5:44) 00:40:59.519 --> 00:41:04.519 “Lo! We did reveal the Torah, wherein is guidance and a light, by which the prophets who surrendered (unto Allah) judged the Jews, and the rabbis and the priests (judged) by such of Allah's Scripture as they were bidden to observe, and thereunto were they witnesses. So fear not mankind, but fear Me. And My revelations for a little gain. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are disbelievers.” (5:44) 00:41:04.519 --> 00:41:11.679 Today, despite the corruption within it, it is called within what is known as the Holy Bible: 00:41:11.679 --> 00:41:13.679 the Old Testament. 00:41:13.679 --> 00:41:17.679 This corrupted book has been translated into several languages, 00:41:17.679 --> 00:41:20.679 yet no translation agrees with another, 00:41:20.679 --> 00:41:24.679 notwithstanding the distortion, misguidance, and acts of disbelief found in all of them, 00:41:24.679 --> 00:41:27.679 which are entirely unbecoming of Allah Almighty's description, 00:41:27.679 --> 00:41:29.679 such as their assertion 00:41:29.679 --> 00:41:33.679 that Allah, Glorified is He, regretted and grieved, 00:41:33.679 --> 00:41:37.679 along with other distortions and delusions. 00:41:37.679 --> 00:41:40.670 The Talmud. 00:41:40.670 --> 00:41:44.789 It is the other book of the Jews, 00:41:44.789 --> 00:41:46.789 compiled by their rabbis, 00:41:46.789 --> 00:41:49.789 and it serves as the Jewish fiqh. 00:41:49.789 --> 00:41:52.789 Their racism is plainly evident in it, 00:41:52.789 --> 00:41:55.789 as is their hatred toward everyone other than the Jews. 00:41:55.789 --> 00:41:58.789 It is a book the Jews believe in, 00:41:58.789 --> 00:42:01.789 sanctifying it even more than the Torah. 00:42:01.789 --> 00:42:03.789 It consists of two parts: 00:42:03.789 --> 00:42:05.789 the Babylonian Talmud 00:42:05.789 --> 00:42:07.789 and the Jerusalem Talmud. 00:42:07.789 --> 00:42:10.909 Christianity. 00:42:10.909 --> 00:42:17.969 Just as the Jews who were followers of Allah's Prophet Moses, peace be upon him, in his era were Muslims, 00:42:18.969 --> 00:42:24.969 the Christians who followed Jesus, peace be upon him, in his era were monotheistic Muslims, 00:42:24.969 --> 00:42:28.969 like all followers of the prophets throughout the ages. 00:42:28.969 --> 00:42:35.130 As for the Christians after the sending of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who did not believe in him, 00:42:35.130 --> 00:42:37.130 they are disbelievers, 00:42:37.130 --> 00:42:41.130 even though they are singled out for the rulings governing the treatment of the People of the Book. 00:42:41.130 --> 00:42:46.130 When the Jews plotted against Jesus, peace be upon him, and attempted to kill him, 00:42:46.130 --> 00:42:50.130 Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, raised him up to Himself in heaven. 00:42:50.130 --> 00:42:55.130 The Christians differed after him and split into numerous sects, 00:42:55.130 --> 00:42:59.130 distorting the Gospel just as the Jews distorted the Torah. 00:42:59.130 --> 00:43:02.130 Major shirk became manifest across most of their sects 00:43:02.130 --> 00:43:07.130 through their claim that the Prophet of Allah, Jesus, peace be upon him, is Allah, 00:43:07.130 --> 00:43:09.130 or the son of Allah, 00:43:09.130 --> 00:43:14.130 or the third of three alongside his mother Mary and Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He; 00:43:14.130 --> 00:43:18.219 and they remain upon this shirk to this day. 00:43:18.219 --> 00:43:23.289 Most people today refer to them by the name "Christians" (Masihiyyun), 00:43:23.289 --> 00:43:29.289 but this is mistaken because the Messiah, peace be upon him, is innocent of them on account of their shirk; 00:43:29.289 --> 00:43:35.289 the correct approach is to call them "al-Nasara" (the Nazarenes), just as the Qur'an named them. 00:43:35.289 --> 00:43:39.150 The Gospel. 00:43:39.150 --> 00:43:43.760 It is the Book that was revealed to Jesus, peace be upon him, 00:43:43.760 --> 00:43:45.760 as the Almighty said: 00:43:45.760 --> 00:43:49.760 "And We sent, following in their footsteps, Jesus, the son of Mary..." 00:43:49.760 --> 00:43:53.760 “And We caused Jesus, son of Mary, to follow in their footsteps, confirming that which was (revealed) before him in the Torah, and We bestowed on him the Gospel wherein is guidance and a light, confirming that which was (revealed) before it in the Torah - a guidance and an admonition unto those who ward off (evil).” (5:46) 00:43:53.760 --> 00:43:58.760 “And We caused Jesus, son of Mary, to follow in their footsteps, confirming that which was (revealed) before him in the Torah, and We bestowed on him the Gospel wherein is guidance and a light, confirming that which was (revealed) before it in the Torah - a guidance and an admonition unto those who ward off (evil).” (5:46) 00:43:58.760 --> 00:44:02.889 However, the Christians, after Jesus, peace be upon him, was raised up, 00:44:02.889 --> 00:44:05.889 distorted most of it in both wording and meaning, 00:44:05.889 --> 00:44:08.889 until they ended up with four gospels 00:44:08.889 --> 00:44:11.889 that differ from one another; 00:44:11.889 --> 00:44:14.889 these are the gospels of Matthew, Luke, 00:44:14.889 --> 00:44:16.889 Mark, and John. 00:44:16.889 --> 00:44:19.889 They contain some of the speech of Allah, 00:44:19.889 --> 00:44:23.889 and to them they append the epistles of Paul and the epistles of Peter, 00:44:23.889 --> 00:44:30.019 calling these gospels together with the epistles the New Testament. 00:44:30.019 --> 00:44:33.019 All of these gospels are corrupted, 00:44:33.019 --> 00:44:37.019 and their writing dates back to the second century CE. 00:44:37.019 --> 00:44:41.019 In them, of disbelief and disrespect toward Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, 00:44:41.019 --> 00:44:43.019 there is a great deal. 00:44:48.650 --> 00:44:51.650 The Christians combined into one single book 00:44:51.650 --> 00:44:54.650 the Torah and its appended books, 00:44:54.650 --> 00:44:56.650 the Old Testament, 00:44:56.650 --> 00:44:58.650 along with the Gospel and the epistles, 00:44:58.650 --> 00:45:00.650 the New Testament, 00:45:00.650 --> 00:45:03.650 and named it the Holy Bible. 00:45:03.650 --> 00:45:07.650 Churches differ in counting its books and recognizing their canon; 00:45:07.650 --> 00:45:11.650 some churches consider them to be forty-nine books, 00:45:11.650 --> 00:45:14.650 while others count fewer. 00:45:14.650 --> 00:45:17.650 The most prominent edition of this book 00:45:17.650 --> 00:45:21.650 is the English King James Version, 00:45:21.650 --> 00:45:25.650 which was printed in the seventeenth century CE. 00:45:25.650 --> 00:45:28.639 The Trinity. 00:45:28.639 --> 00:45:32.980 It is the Christian doctrine concerning the Deity, 00:45:32.980 --> 00:45:37.980 wherein they claim that Allah Almighty is three, not one; 00:45:37.980 --> 00:45:41.980 and that is disbelief and shirk with Allah Almighty, 00:45:41.980 --> 00:45:43.980 as the Mighty and Majestic said. 00:45:43.980 --> 00:45:48.980 “They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the third of three; when there is no Allah save the One Allah. If they desist not from so saying a painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (5:73) 00:45:48.980 --> 00:45:52.980 “They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the third of three; when there is no Allah save the One Allah. If they desist not from so saying a painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (5:73) 00:45:52.980 --> 00:45:55.980 “They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the third of three; when there is no Allah save the One Allah. If they desist not from so saying a painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (5:73) 00:45:55.980 --> 00:46:00.980 “They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the third of three; when there is no Allah save the One Allah. If they desist not from so saying a painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (5:73) 00:46:00.980 --> 00:46:05.210 The Trinity is an ancient pagan doctrine 00:46:05.210 --> 00:46:08.210 espoused by the Indians, the Pharaohs, and others, 00:46:08.210 --> 00:46:12.210 and among the philosophers it was held by Plato. 00:46:12.210 --> 00:46:18.210 The Trinity remains the religion and creed of the Christians to this day, 00:46:18.210 --> 00:46:23.210 which is why Western thinkers and philosophers disbelieved in Christianity 00:46:23.210 --> 00:46:25.210 and did not place faith in it. 00:46:25.210 --> 00:46:29.510 Catholics. 00:46:29.510 --> 00:46:33.510 A widespread Christian denomination 00:46:33.510 --> 00:46:36.510 that acknowledges the leadership of the Pope of the Vatican. 00:46:36.510 --> 00:46:40.510 They are found in large numbers in France, Italy, 00:46:40.510 --> 00:46:42.510 Southern Europe in general, 00:46:42.510 --> 00:46:44.510 and the Philippines, 00:46:44.510 --> 00:46:47.510 while they constitute a minority elsewhere. 00:46:47.510 --> 00:46:52.510 Among their doctrines is deifying Jesus and his mother, peace be upon them. 00:46:54.570 --> 00:46:56.570 The Orthodox. 00:46:56.570 --> 00:47:01.369 The second major Christian denomination. 00:47:01.369 --> 00:47:05.369 They do not acknowledge the leadership of the Pope of the Vatican, 00:47:05.369 --> 00:47:10.369 and are concentrated in Eastern Europe, Russia, and the East in general. 00:47:10.369 --> 00:47:14.400 They have a hierarchical order of clergy, 00:47:14.400 --> 00:47:16.400 and among them are the Copts of Egypt, 00:47:16.400 --> 00:47:20.400 to whom the Orthodox papacy shifted 00:47:20.400 --> 00:47:26.400 after the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and what was known as the Soviet Union. 00:47:26.400 --> 00:47:29.420 Protestants. 00:47:29.420 --> 00:47:33.900 The third major Christian denomination. 00:47:34.900 --> 00:47:38.900 It is relatively recent compared to the previous two, 00:47:38.900 --> 00:47:43.900 and it acknowledges neither the leadership of the Pope of the Vatican nor the Orthodox patriarch. 00:47:43.900 --> 00:47:46.900 It was founded by Martin Luther 00:47:46.900 --> 00:47:49.900 in the sixteenth century CE. 00:47:49.900 --> 00:47:53.000 The term "Protestantism" 00:47:53.000 --> 00:47:56.000 Its meaning is protestation and objection. 00:47:56.000 --> 00:48:03.059 What distinguishes them is their protest against the popes' monopolization of the right to interpret the Holy Scriptures. 00:48:03.059 --> 00:48:07.059 They are widespread in Britain, America, and elsewhere. 00:48:07.059 --> 00:48:12.059 Among the Protestants are those called Evangelicals. 00:48:13.059 --> 00:48:17.219 Unitarian Christians: 00:48:17.219 --> 00:48:21.050 They are a sect among the Christian sects, 00:48:21.050 --> 00:48:24.050 who assert that Allah is one, not three. 00:48:24.050 --> 00:48:27.050 They were originally in Europe, 00:48:27.050 --> 00:48:29.050 and later migrated to America. 00:48:29.050 --> 00:48:33.050 Today, they have merged into what is known as the Universal Church, 00:48:33.050 --> 00:48:36.050 which believes in universal salvation for all human beings. 00:48:36.050 --> 00:48:42.050 They currently align with Protestants in rejecting the supremacy of the Pope. 00:48:42.050 --> 00:48:44.179 Someone might ask: 00:48:44.179 --> 00:48:49.179 "Are they not considered Muslims as long as they profess the oneness of Allah Almighty?" 00:48:49.179 --> 00:48:53.179 The answer is that Islam is not merely 00:48:53.179 --> 00:48:56.179 the acknowledgment that Allah is one alone. 00:48:56.179 --> 00:49:00.179 Rather, this is only one pillar among the pillars of faith. 00:49:00.179 --> 00:49:02.179 Among the remaining pillars is 00:49:02.179 --> 00:49:04.179 belief in the messengers, 00:49:04.179 --> 00:49:08.179 which inherently necessitates belief in Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:49:08.179 --> 00:49:11.179 the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, 00:49:11.179 --> 00:49:14.179 who was sent to all mankind. 00:49:14.179 --> 00:49:16.179 And they do not believe in that; 00:49:16.179 --> 00:49:18.179 hence, they are disbelievers. 00:49:18.179 --> 00:49:21.179 As the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 00:49:21.179 --> 00:49:24.179 "By the One in Whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, 00:49:24.179 --> 00:49:27.179 no one of this nation hears of me, 00:49:27.179 --> 00:49:29.179 whether a Jew or a Christian, 00:49:30.179 --> 00:49:34.179 and then dies without believing in that with which I have been sent, 00:49:34.179 --> 00:49:37.179 except that he will be among the companions of the Fire." 00:49:37.179 --> 00:49:39.179 Narrated by Muslim. 00:49:39.179 --> 00:49:45.260 Moreover, their purported monotheism is itself fundamentally flawed. 00:49:45.260 --> 00:49:48.320 The Jesuits: 00:49:48.320 --> 00:49:51.320 The Jesuits are a French monastic order. 00:49:51.320 --> 00:49:55.320 At its inception, it rejected the authority of the Pope, 00:49:55.320 --> 00:49:58.320 but later conceded to it 00:49:58.320 --> 00:50:01.320 and acknowledged papal supremacy. 00:50:01.320 --> 00:50:03.320 It has followers in the East, 00:50:03.320 --> 00:50:05.320 particularly in Lebanon, 00:50:05.320 --> 00:50:08.320 and they are also known as the Society of Jesus. 00:50:08.320 --> 00:50:13.320 Some researchers have proven that it is a Masonic organization, 00:50:13.320 --> 00:50:18.320 and they harbor the same polytheism and disbelief as other Christian sects. 00:50:23.369 --> 00:50:25.369 It is a non-Arabic term, 00:50:25.369 --> 00:50:29.369 translated as "person," "hypostasis," "attribute," 00:50:29.369 --> 00:50:32.369 "nature," or "substance." 00:50:32.369 --> 00:50:34.369 In Christian terminology, it refers to 00:50:34.369 --> 00:50:38.369 one of the three components of the divine essence. 00:50:38.369 --> 00:50:40.369 Thus they say: 00:50:40.369 --> 00:50:45.369 the Hypostasis of the Father, the Hypostasis of the Son, and the Hypostasis of the Holy Spirit, 00:50:45.369 --> 00:50:47.369 as one God. 00:50:47.369 --> 00:50:52.369 Exalted is Allah high above what they say! 00:50:52.369 --> 00:50:57.480 Baptism: 00:50:57.480 --> 00:50:59.480 According to Christians, it consists of 00:50:59.480 --> 00:51:01.480 immersing an infant in water, 00:51:01.480 --> 00:51:05.480 marking their entry into the religion, as they claim. 00:51:05.480 --> 00:51:09.480 They call this the "new birth." 00:51:09.480 --> 00:51:13.480 It is also a widespread practice among Christians in America 00:51:13.480 --> 00:51:18.920 for those who newly embrace the faith. 00:51:18.920 --> 00:51:20.920 Indulgences: 00:51:20.920 --> 00:51:26.719 This is the greatest historical farce among the Christians, 00:51:26.719 --> 00:51:32.719 the likes of which have never been witnessed among any other religious community in human history. 00:51:32.719 --> 00:51:34.719 It refers to 00:51:34.719 --> 00:51:39.719 the power claimed by priests and popes to grant whomever they wish 00:51:39.719 --> 00:51:43.820 certificates for the forgiveness of sins and admittance into Paradise. 00:51:43.820 --> 00:51:47.820 These were bought and sold for exorbitant sums 00:51:47.820 --> 00:51:50.820 pocketed by these priests and popes. 00:51:50.820 --> 00:51:52.820 Thus, it truly became 00:51:52.820 --> 00:51:54.820 a colossal travesty, 00:51:54.820 --> 00:51:59.820 and one of the many dark chapters of their superstitious myths. 00:51:59.820 --> 00:52:04.820 How utterly brazen is their insolence toward the Originator of the heavens and the earth! 00:52:04.820 --> 00:52:08.820 And how utterly contemptuous they are of human intellect! 00:52:08.820 --> 00:52:15.190 All praise is due to Allah, Who guided us to the blessing of Islam. 00:52:15.190 --> 00:52:18.280 Buddhism: 00:52:18.280 --> 00:52:21.280 It is a religion widespread in China, Japan, 00:52:21.280 --> 00:52:23.280 Korea, India, 00:52:23.280 --> 00:52:26.280 and the neighboring countries. 00:52:26.280 --> 00:52:29.309 Scholars of Buddhism state 00:52:29.309 --> 00:52:33.309 that it does not concern itself with divinity, 00:52:33.309 --> 00:52:36.309 but is rather a philosophy and ethical wisdom— 00:52:36.309 --> 00:52:39.309 some of which is derived from Islam, 00:52:39.309 --> 00:52:43.409 while much of it consists of delusions and myths. 00:52:43.409 --> 00:52:46.409 Buddhists nowadays possess 00:52:46.409 --> 00:52:49.409 a text they call the "Gospel of Buddha," 00:52:49.409 --> 00:52:56.110 which is replete with polytheistic, idolatrous rituals and worship. 00:52:56.110 --> 00:52:59.110 A Summary of the Doctrines of Ahl al-Sunnah: