1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,439 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:03,439 --> 00:00:06,450 Ifadah Center 3 00:00:06,450 --> 00:00:09,650 for Humanities Studies and Research 4 00:00:09,650 --> 00:00:11,970 presents: 5 00:00:11,970 --> 00:00:16,210 Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari. 6 00:00:16,210 --> 00:00:21,219 Chapter: The Fasting Person Entering the Morning in a State of Major Ritual Impurity (Janaabah). 7 00:00:21,219 --> 00:00:25,460 On the authority of Abu Bakr ibn 'Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith ibn Hisham, 8 00:00:25,460 --> 00:00:27,780 that his father 'Abd al-Rahman 9 00:00:27,780 --> 00:00:29,539 informed Marwan 10 00:00:29,539 --> 00:00:33,060 that 'A'ishah and Umm Salamah reported: 11 00:00:33,299 --> 00:00:36,500 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 12 00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:40,659 used to reach dawn while in a state of major ritual impurity (janaabah) from marital relations, 13 00:00:40,659 --> 00:00:43,420 and he would then perform a ghusl and fast." 14 00:00:43,420 --> 00:00:46,859 Marwan said to 'Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith: 15 00:00:46,859 --> 00:00:51,340 "I adjure you by Allah to confront Abu Hurairah with this!" 16 00:00:51,340 --> 00:00:55,090 —Marwan was the governor of Medina at that time— 17 00:00:55,090 --> 00:00:56,689 Abu Bakr said: 18 00:00:56,689 --> 00:00:59,409 'Abd al-Rahman was reluctant to do so. 19 00:00:59,409 --> 00:01:03,170 Later, it so happened that we gathered at Dhu al-Hulaifah, 20 00:01:03,250 --> 00:01:06,750 where Abu Hurairah owned some land. 21 00:01:06,750 --> 00:01:09,629 'Abd al-Rahman said to Abu Hurairah: 22 00:01:09,629 --> 00:01:12,349 "I am going to mention something to you, 23 00:01:12,349 --> 00:01:15,150 and had Marwan not bound me by oath regarding it, 24 00:01:15,150 --> 00:01:17,140 I would not have mentioned it to you." 25 00:01:17,140 --> 00:01:20,420 He then mentioned the statement of 'A'ishah and Umm Salamah. 26 00:01:20,420 --> 00:01:24,739 Abu Hurairah replied: "Al-Fadl ibn 'Abbas related the same to me, 27 00:01:24,739 --> 00:01:27,150 and he is more knowledgeable." 28 00:01:27,150 --> 00:01:30,430 Commentary on the Hadith: 29 00:01:30,430 --> 00:01:34,030 "Reaches dawn"—meaning during Ramadan. 30 00:01:34,030 --> 00:01:36,269 "In a state of major ritual impurity (janaabah) from marital relations"— 31 00:01:36,269 --> 00:01:39,230 meaning from sexual intercourse, not from a wet dream, 32 00:01:39,230 --> 00:01:41,870 because a wet dream is from Satan, 33 00:01:41,870 --> 00:01:44,349 and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 34 00:01:44,349 --> 00:01:46,219 is protected against it. 35 00:01:46,219 --> 00:01:49,019 "To confront"—the meaning is: 36 00:01:49,019 --> 00:01:53,040 to inform him of it explicitly and directly. 37 00:01:53,040 --> 00:01:54,560 "At Dhu al-Hulaifah"— 38 00:01:54,560 --> 00:01:57,230 it is the miqat (designated boundary) for the people of Medina. 39 00:01:57,230 --> 00:01:59,069 "Al-Fadl related to me"— 40 00:01:59,069 --> 00:02:01,629 Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) 41 00:02:01,629 --> 00:02:04,989 used to issue fatwas based on what he had heard from al-Fadl (may Allah be pleased with him) 42 00:02:04,989 --> 00:02:06,670 according to the earlier ruling, 43 00:02:06,670 --> 00:02:08,750 not knowing that it had been abrogated. 44 00:02:08,750 --> 00:02:12,030 When he heard the report of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) 45 00:02:12,030 --> 00:02:14,830 and Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), 46 00:02:14,830 --> 00:02:16,750 he retracted his view. 47 00:02:16,750 --> 00:02:18,349 "And he is more knowledgeable"— 48 00:02:18,349 --> 00:02:22,030 meaning: al-Fadl is more knowledgeable than me regarding what he reported, 49 00:02:22,030 --> 00:02:26,219 and the responsibility rests upon him in that matter, not upon me. 50 00:02:26,219 --> 00:02:29,699 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 51 00:02:29,699 --> 00:02:31,860 It is derived from the hadith: 52 00:02:31,860 --> 00:02:35,060 The permissibility of delaying ghusl until after dawn 53 00:02:35,060 --> 00:02:38,259 for one who engages in marital intercourse during a night of Ramadan. 54 00:02:38,259 --> 00:02:40,979 It shows the propriety of jurists visiting rulers 55 00:02:40,979 --> 00:02:43,699 and engaging in academic discourse with them. 56 00:02:43,699 --> 00:02:46,259 It illustrates Marwan's engagement 57 00:02:46,259 --> 00:02:49,460 with religious knowledge and sacred matters, 58 00:02:49,460 --> 00:02:52,419 despite his preoccupation with worldly governance. 59 00:02:52,419 --> 00:02:54,259 It demonstrates the Tabi'un's recognition 60 00:02:54,259 --> 00:02:57,860 of the esteemed status of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). 61 00:02:57,939 --> 00:03:02,289 It encourages verification and precision in scholarly issues. 62 00:03:02,289 --> 00:03:05,250 It shows the propriety of reviewing a scholar's fatwa 63 00:03:05,250 --> 00:03:09,569 when it becomes clear to the questioner that it contradicts established text. 64 00:03:09,569 --> 00:03:13,090 It highlights the invalidity of scholarly reasoning (ijtihad) where a text exists. 65 00:03:13,090 --> 00:03:15,969 It shows referring disputed issues back 66 00:03:15,969 --> 00:03:20,449 to those expected to possess divine knowledge regarding them. 67 00:03:20,449 --> 00:03:25,490 It highlights the exalted status and virtue of the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 68 00:03:25,490 --> 00:03:27,870 in knowledge and issuing fatwas. 69 00:03:27,949 --> 00:03:31,629 It establishes the legal authority of acting upon a report narrated by a single upright transmitter, 70 00:03:31,629 --> 00:03:35,550 and that a woman is equal to a man in this regard. 71 00:03:35,550 --> 00:03:38,669 It shows the necessity of seeking textual proof and evidence, 72 00:03:38,669 --> 00:03:42,590 and pursuing knowledge until its proper application is established. 73 00:03:42,590 --> 00:03:45,310 It teaches proper etiquette toward senior scholars, 74 00:03:45,310 --> 00:03:49,310 and offering an apology before conveying what one expects 75 00:03:49,310 --> 00:03:53,680 the recipient might dislike hearing. 76 00:03:53,680 --> 00:03:57,490 Chapter: Physical Intimacy for the Fasting Person. 77 00:03:57,569 --> 00:04:01,009 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 78 00:04:01,009 --> 00:04:05,409 "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to kiss and engage in physical intimacy 79 00:04:05,409 --> 00:04:10,159 while fasting, but he was the most capable among you in controlling his desire." 80 00:04:10,159 --> 00:04:13,620 In another narration: She laughed. 81 00:04:13,620 --> 00:04:17,069 Commentary on the Hadith: 82 00:04:17,069 --> 00:04:20,189 "Used to kiss"—meaning some of his wives. 83 00:04:20,189 --> 00:04:25,740 "Engage in physical intimacy"—meaning skin-to-skin contact short of intercourse. 84 00:04:25,740 --> 00:04:28,939 "The most capable among you in controlling his desire"—meaning his need, 85 00:04:28,939 --> 00:04:31,180 which is sexual desire; 86 00:04:31,180 --> 00:04:34,379 the intended meaning is "the most capable of controlling himself," 87 00:04:34,379 --> 00:04:39,339 such that he remains safe during this intimacy from falling into the impermissible. 88 00:04:39,339 --> 00:04:42,939 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 89 00:04:42,939 --> 00:04:45,019 It is derived from the hadith: 90 00:04:45,019 --> 00:04:47,579 The concession permitting kissing for a fasting person, 91 00:04:47,579 --> 00:04:49,899 provided one is capable of self-control. 92 00:04:49,899 --> 00:04:53,500 It shows the permissibility of informing others about intimate marital matters 93 00:04:53,500 --> 00:04:58,189 in general terms when a legal necessity requires it. 94 00:04:58,269 --> 00:05:02,740 Chapter: When a Fasting Person Eats or Drinks Forgetfully. 95 00:05:02,740 --> 00:05:05,620 On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), 96 00:05:05,620 --> 00:05:09,540 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 97 00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:12,339 "If one forgets and eats or drinks, 98 00:05:12,339 --> 00:05:14,500 let him complete his fast, 99 00:05:14,500 --> 00:05:18,579 for it is Allah Who has fed him and given him drink." 100 00:05:18,579 --> 00:05:21,899 Commentary on the Hadith: 101 00:05:21,899 --> 00:05:25,490 "Let him complete"—meaning let him fulfill it to the end. 102 00:05:25,490 --> 00:05:28,930 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 103 00:05:29,009 --> 00:05:31,089 It is derived from the hadith: 104 00:05:31,089 --> 00:05:34,129 Whoever forgets while performing an obligatory or voluntary fast 105 00:05:34,129 --> 00:05:37,250 completes his fast and owes no makeup or expiation. 106 00:05:37,250 --> 00:05:44,139 It shows that forgetfulness excuses one from accountability and punishment. 107 00:05:44,139 --> 00:05:48,000 Chapter: Engaging in Intercourse During Ramadan. 108 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:50,160 On the authority of 'A'ishah, who said: 109 00:05:50,160 --> 00:05:54,959 A man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the mosque 110 00:05:54,959 --> 00:05:57,519 and said: "I am burned (ruined)!" 111 00:05:57,519 --> 00:06:00,079 He asked: "Why is that?" 112 00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:04,350 He replied: "I had intercourse with my wife during Ramadan." 113 00:06:04,350 --> 00:06:07,310 The Prophet said to him: "Give in charity." 114 00:06:07,310 --> 00:06:10,269 He said: "I have nothing." 115 00:06:10,269 --> 00:06:11,709 So he sat down. 116 00:06:11,709 --> 00:06:14,350 Meanwhile, someone arrived driving a donkey 117 00:06:14,350 --> 00:06:19,180 bearing food for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 118 00:06:19,180 --> 00:06:20,699 In another narration: 119 00:06:20,699 --> 00:06:26,529 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was brought a large basket called an 'Araq. 120 00:06:26,529 --> 00:06:29,649 He asked: "Where is the one who was burned?" 121 00:06:29,730 --> 00:06:32,610 The man said: "Here I am." 122 00:06:32,610 --> 00:06:36,660 He said: "Take this and give it in charity." 123 00:06:36,660 --> 00:06:42,430 The man said: "To someone poorer than me? By Allah, my family has no food!" 124 00:06:42,430 --> 00:06:45,470 He said: "Then eat it yourselves." 125 00:06:45,470 --> 00:06:48,589 Commentary on the Hadith: 126 00:06:48,589 --> 00:06:49,870 "I am burned"— 127 00:06:49,870 --> 00:06:53,709 believing that one who commits a sin will be punished in the Fire, 128 00:06:53,709 --> 00:06:57,550 he described himself as burned as a result. 129 00:06:57,550 --> 00:07:00,750 "Why is that?"—meaning for what reason? 130 00:07:00,750 --> 00:07:05,139 "I had intercourse with my wife"—an allusion to sexual intercourse. 131 00:07:05,139 --> 00:07:06,740 "Where is the one who was burned?"— 132 00:07:06,740 --> 00:07:10,399 an indication that he had committed the act deliberately. 133 00:07:10,399 --> 00:07:14,019 "Poorer"—meaning in greater need. 134 00:07:14,019 --> 00:07:17,490 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 135 00:07:17,490 --> 00:07:19,569 It is derived from the hadith: 136 00:07:19,569 --> 00:07:23,810 The permissibility of giving expiation (kaffarah) to a single household. 137 00:07:23,810 --> 00:07:29,839 It shows the permissibility of a Muslim sitting in the mosque to secure worldly livelihoods. 138 00:07:29,839 --> 00:07:33,600 It highlights the recommendation of assisting a fellow Muslim in need. 139 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:41,629 It directs toward seeking out those in greatest need when distributing expiations and charities. 140 00:07:41,629 --> 00:07:46,110 Chapter: If One Has Intercourse in Ramadan and Has Nothing to Expiate with, 141 00:07:46,110 --> 00:07:50,209 and Charity Is Given to Him, He May Expiate with It. 142 00:07:50,209 --> 00:07:53,810 On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 143 00:07:53,889 --> 00:07:58,850 While we were sitting with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 144 00:07:58,850 --> 00:08:01,730 a man came to him and said: 145 00:08:01,730 --> 00:08:04,689 "O Messenger of Allah, I am ruined!" 146 00:08:04,689 --> 00:08:07,490 In another narration: He said: 147 00:08:07,490 --> 00:08:10,240 "Woe to you, what is the matter with you?" 148 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:14,779 He said: "I had intercourse with my wife while I was fasting." 149 00:08:14,779 --> 00:08:18,540 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked: 150 00:08:18,540 --> 00:08:21,779 "Can you find a slave to free?" 151 00:08:21,779 --> 00:08:23,389 He said: "No." 152 00:08:23,389 --> 00:08:28,750 He asked: "Can you fast two consecutive months?" 153 00:08:28,750 --> 00:08:30,480 He said: "No." 154 00:08:30,480 --> 00:08:35,389 He asked: "Can you find food to feed sixty poor people?" 155 00:08:35,389 --> 00:08:37,100 He said: "No." 156 00:08:37,100 --> 00:08:41,980 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) paused for a while. 157 00:08:41,980 --> 00:08:44,379 While we were in that state, 158 00:08:44,379 --> 00:08:49,580 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was brought an 'Araq containing dates— 159 00:08:49,580 --> 00:08:52,000 an 'Araq being a large basket; 160 00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:53,440 in another narration: 161 00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:55,539 it is a woven hamper (zabeel)— 162 00:08:55,539 --> 00:08:58,259 and he asked: "Where is the questioner?" 163 00:08:58,259 --> 00:09:00,500 He said: "I am here." 164 00:09:00,500 --> 00:09:04,129 He said: "Take this and give it in charity." 165 00:09:04,129 --> 00:09:09,250 The man said: "To someone poorer than me, O Messenger of Allah? 166 00:09:09,250 --> 00:09:12,370 For by Allah, between its two lava fields—" 167 00:09:12,370 --> 00:09:13,809 in another narration: 168 00:09:13,809 --> 00:09:16,590 "—between the two boundaries of Medina," 169 00:09:16,590 --> 00:09:18,590 referring to its two black volcanic tracts, 170 00:09:18,590 --> 00:09:22,350 "—there is no household poorer than mine!" 171 00:09:22,429 --> 00:09:23,789 In another narration: 172 00:09:23,789 --> 00:09:25,440 "—more needy." 173 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:30,799 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) laughed until his premolars became visible, 174 00:09:30,799 --> 00:09:32,320 in another narration: 175 00:09:32,320 --> 00:09:34,000 his molars, 176 00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:35,600 then he said: 177 00:09:35,600 --> 00:09:37,629 "Feed it to your family." 178 00:09:37,629 --> 00:09:39,070 In another narration: 179 00:09:39,070 --> 00:09:41,070 "Then it is for you." 180 00:09:41,070 --> 00:09:42,590 And in another narration: 181 00:09:42,590 --> 00:09:45,200 "Feed it to your dependents." 182 00:09:45,200 --> 00:09:48,820 Commentary on the Hadith: 183 00:09:48,820 --> 00:09:50,019 "A man"— 184 00:09:50,019 --> 00:09:52,980 it is said that he was Salamah ibn Sakhr al-Bayadi 185 00:09:52,980 --> 00:09:54,799 (may Allah be pleased with him). 186 00:09:54,799 --> 00:09:55,840 "I am ruined"— 187 00:09:55,840 --> 00:09:59,440 meaning I have fallen into a deed that leads to destruction. 188 00:09:59,440 --> 00:10:00,559 "What is the matter with you?"— 189 00:10:00,559 --> 00:10:03,500 meaning what is your situation and what happened to you? 190 00:10:03,500 --> 00:10:05,419 "I had intercourse with my wife"— 191 00:10:05,419 --> 00:10:07,820 an allusion to sexual intercourse. 192 00:10:07,820 --> 00:10:10,059 "A slave to free"— 193 00:10:10,059 --> 00:10:12,539 meaning a bondservant to emancipate. 194 00:10:12,539 --> 00:10:13,659 "He paused"— 195 00:10:13,659 --> 00:10:15,970 meaning he remained in his place. 196 00:10:15,970 --> 00:10:17,169 "While we were"— 197 00:10:17,169 --> 00:10:19,009 meaning during that moment. 198 00:10:19,009 --> 00:10:20,929 "An 'Araq is a large basket"— 199 00:10:20,929 --> 00:10:23,169 It is the large vessel. 200 00:10:23,169 --> 00:10:26,750 It is said that it holds fifteen sa‘. 201 00:10:26,750 --> 00:10:28,990 "Higher than me in poverty." 202 00:10:28,990 --> 00:10:33,169 Meaning: Should I give it as charity to someone poorer than me? 203 00:10:33,169 --> 00:10:35,250 "Between its two lava fields." 204 00:10:35,250 --> 00:10:36,610 The two lava fields. 205 00:10:36,610 --> 00:10:40,450 These are two rocky tracts surrounding Medina. 206 00:10:40,450 --> 00:10:41,570 The harrah. 207 00:10:41,570 --> 00:10:44,690 Land covered with black stones. 208 00:10:44,690 --> 00:10:45,570 "Badat." 209 00:10:45,570 --> 00:10:47,169 Meaning: They appeared. 210 00:10:47,169 --> 00:10:48,370 "Anyabuhu" (his canines). 211 00:10:48,370 --> 00:10:49,730 Meaning: His premolars. 212 00:10:49,730 --> 00:10:51,740 These are the molars. 213 00:10:51,740 --> 00:10:53,340 "Feed it to your family." 214 00:10:53,340 --> 00:10:56,659 Meaning: Give it to them as charity. 215 00:10:56,659 --> 00:11:00,350 From the benefits of the hadith: 216 00:11:00,350 --> 00:11:02,350 It is derived from the hadith: 217 00:11:02,350 --> 00:11:05,230 That whoever has intercourse intentionally during Ramadan, 218 00:11:05,230 --> 00:11:06,669 His fast is invalidated. 219 00:11:06,669 --> 00:11:09,549 He is required to make up the day and perform the kaffarah (expiation). 220 00:11:09,549 --> 00:11:15,139 It contains the kaffarah with its three stages in the order mentioned in the hadith. 221 00:11:15,139 --> 00:11:19,620 It contains the permissibility of laughing excessively when surprised. 222 00:11:19,620 --> 00:11:22,740 It contains the permissibility of swearing by Allah and His attributes, 223 00:11:22,740 --> 00:11:24,899 Even if one is not asked to swear. 224 00:11:24,899 --> 00:11:27,139 It contains the importance of gentleness with the student, 225 00:11:27,139 --> 00:11:29,139 And kindness in teaching, 226 00:11:29,139 --> 00:11:31,139 And reconciling hearts toward the religion. 227 00:11:33,730 --> 00:11:37,759 Chapter: Cupping and Vomiting for the Fasting Person. 228 00:11:37,759 --> 00:11:40,480 On the authority of Thabit al-Bunani, who said: 229 00:11:40,480 --> 00:11:43,840 Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, was asked: 230 00:11:43,840 --> 00:11:47,519 "Did you dislike cupping for the fasting person?" 231 00:11:47,519 --> 00:11:48,799 He said: "No, 232 00:11:48,799 --> 00:11:51,980 Except for the sake of weakness." 233 00:11:51,980 --> 00:11:55,169 Commentary on the hadith: 234 00:11:55,250 --> 00:11:56,769 "For the sake of weakness." 235 00:11:56,769 --> 00:12:02,080 Meaning: Cupping was only disliked for the fasting person out of fear of weakness. 236 00:12:02,080 --> 00:12:05,649 From the benefits of the hadith: 237 00:12:05,649 --> 00:12:07,490 It is derived from the hadith: 238 00:12:07,490 --> 00:12:09,889 The legitimacy of medical treatment. 239 00:12:09,889 --> 00:12:13,490 It considers the condition of the patient and the medicines, 240 00:12:13,490 --> 00:12:16,690 For they may be suitable in one case and not another. 241 00:12:16,690 --> 00:12:19,970 It indicates that cupping weakens the one being cupped, 242 00:12:19,970 --> 00:12:22,450 And fasting weakens the human being, 243 00:12:22,450 --> 00:12:25,009 So cupping was disliked for the fasting person, 244 00:12:25,090 --> 00:12:31,179 Lest two weakening factors combine against him from two sides. 245 00:12:31,179 --> 00:12:35,100 Chapter: Fasting and Breaking the Fast While Traveling. 246 00:12:35,100 --> 00:12:38,379 On the authority of ‘Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa, who said: 247 00:12:38,379 --> 00:12:43,259 We were on a journey with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 248 00:12:43,259 --> 00:12:46,690 In one narration: "And he was fasting." 249 00:12:46,690 --> 00:12:48,850 When the sun set, 250 00:12:48,850 --> 00:12:50,450 He said to a man: 251 00:12:50,450 --> 00:12:52,769 "Get down and mix the sawiq (barley drink) for me." 252 00:12:52,769 --> 00:12:53,889 He said: 253 00:12:53,889 --> 00:12:55,330 "O Messenger of Allah, 254 00:12:55,330 --> 00:12:57,169 If only you would wait until evening." 255 00:12:57,250 --> 00:12:58,690 Then he said: 256 00:12:58,690 --> 00:13:00,690 "Get down and mix it." 257 00:13:00,690 --> 00:13:01,649 He said: 258 00:13:01,649 --> 00:13:03,169 "O Messenger of Allah, 259 00:13:03,169 --> 00:13:04,529 If only you would wait until evening, 260 00:13:04,529 --> 00:13:07,169 For there is still daylight upon you." 261 00:13:07,169 --> 00:13:08,610 Then he said: 262 00:13:08,610 --> 00:13:10,610 "Get down and mix it." 263 00:13:10,610 --> 00:13:13,970 So he got down and mixed it for him on the third time, 264 00:13:13,970 --> 00:13:17,970 And the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, drank. 265 00:13:17,970 --> 00:13:21,809 Then he gestured with his hand toward the east and said: 266 00:13:21,809 --> 00:13:25,809 "When you see the night approaching from here, 267 00:13:25,809 --> 00:13:28,940 Then the fasting person has broken his fast." 268 00:13:28,940 --> 00:13:32,659 Commentary on the hadith: 269 00:13:32,659 --> 00:13:37,299 "We were on a journey with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him." 270 00:13:37,299 --> 00:13:40,350 This was during the Conquest of Mecca. 271 00:13:40,350 --> 00:13:41,549 "To a man." 272 00:13:41,549 --> 00:13:44,190 He is Bilal, may Allah be pleased with him. 273 00:13:44,190 --> 00:13:46,029 "Get down and mix it." 274 00:13:46,029 --> 00:13:47,309 The jad-h (mixing). 275 00:13:47,309 --> 00:13:52,029 It is to stir the sawiq and the like with water until it is consistent. 276 00:13:52,029 --> 00:13:53,230 The intent is: 277 00:13:53,230 --> 00:13:55,889 That he should prepare food for them. 278 00:13:55,970 --> 00:13:57,490 "If only you would wait until evening." 279 00:13:57,490 --> 00:14:01,259 Meaning: If only you would delay until the evening enters. 280 00:14:01,259 --> 00:14:03,419 "For there is still daylight upon you." 281 00:14:03,419 --> 00:14:04,700 The intent is: 282 00:14:04,700 --> 00:14:08,259 The light of day is still present. 283 00:14:08,259 --> 00:14:10,019 "Then he gestured with his hand." 284 00:14:10,019 --> 00:14:12,100 Meaning: He pointed with his hand. 285 00:14:12,100 --> 00:14:13,620 "Toward the east." 286 00:14:13,620 --> 00:14:16,259 Meaning: From the direction of the sunrise. 287 00:14:16,259 --> 00:14:17,220 "Approaching." 288 00:14:17,220 --> 00:14:19,379 Meaning: It has come and appeared. 289 00:14:19,379 --> 00:14:21,139 "The fasting person has broken his fast." 290 00:14:21,139 --> 00:14:24,100 Meaning: The time for breaking the fast has entered. 291 00:14:24,179 --> 00:14:27,789 From the benefits of the hadith: 292 00:14:27,789 --> 00:14:30,029 It is derived from the hadith: 293 00:14:30,029 --> 00:14:32,350 The clarification of the end of the fasting time, 294 00:14:32,350 --> 00:14:34,909 Which is at sunset. 295 00:14:34,909 --> 00:14:40,700 It contains the legitimacy of reminding the knowledgeable person of what he might have forgotten. 296 00:14:40,700 --> 00:14:44,620 It contains that the religious command takes precedence over sensory observation. 297 00:14:44,620 --> 00:14:49,809 And that human reason does not override the Shari‘ah. 298 00:14:49,809 --> 00:14:55,490 On the authority of ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, the wife of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 299 00:14:55,490 --> 00:15:01,490 That Hamzah ibn ‘Amr al-Aslami said to the Prophet, peace be upon him: 300 00:15:01,490 --> 00:15:03,570 "Should I fast while traveling?" 301 00:15:03,570 --> 00:15:06,190 And he was one who fasted often. 302 00:15:06,190 --> 00:15:07,629 In one narration: 303 00:15:07,629 --> 00:15:09,230 "O Messenger of Allah, 304 00:15:09,230 --> 00:15:11,740 I fast continuously." 305 00:15:11,740 --> 00:15:13,100 He said: 306 00:15:13,100 --> 00:15:14,940 "If you wish, fast, 307 00:15:14,940 --> 00:15:17,840 And if you wish, break your fast." 308 00:15:17,840 --> 00:15:21,230 Commentary on the hadith: 309 00:15:21,230 --> 00:15:22,750 "I fast continuously." 310 00:15:22,750 --> 00:15:27,070 Meaning: I follow it up and perform it consecutively. 311 00:15:27,070 --> 00:15:30,669 From the benefits of the hadith: 312 00:15:30,669 --> 00:15:32,669 It is derived from the hadith: 313 00:15:32,669 --> 00:15:35,470 That fasting while traveling is a matter of choice. 314 00:15:35,470 --> 00:15:38,590 There is a difference of opinion as to which is better. 315 00:15:38,590 --> 00:15:42,029 It contains the recommendation of voluntary fasting. 316 00:15:42,029 --> 00:15:48,610 It contains the recommendation of consistency in righteous deeds. 317 00:15:48,610 --> 00:15:54,340 Chapter: If One Fasts Some Days of Ramadan Then Travels. 318 00:15:54,340 --> 00:15:58,019 On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 319 00:15:58,100 --> 00:16:01,220 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, went out 320 00:16:01,220 --> 00:16:03,860 From Medina to Mecca, 321 00:16:03,860 --> 00:16:07,090 And he fasted until he reached ‘Usfan. 322 00:16:07,090 --> 00:16:08,450 In one narration: 323 00:16:08,450 --> 00:16:10,129 "He reached al-Kadid," 324 00:16:10,129 --> 00:16:13,940 The water between Qadid and ‘Usfan. 325 00:16:13,940 --> 00:16:15,700 Then he called for water, 326 00:16:15,700 --> 00:16:19,220 And raised it to his hands so the people could see him, 327 00:16:19,220 --> 00:16:22,179 And he broke his fast until he arrived in Mecca. 328 00:16:22,179 --> 00:16:24,580 This was in Ramadan. 329 00:16:24,580 --> 00:16:27,139 Ibn ‘Abbas used to say: 330 00:16:27,139 --> 00:16:32,019 "The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, fasted and broke his fast, 331 00:16:32,019 --> 00:16:36,799 So whoever wishes may fast, and whoever wishes may break his fast." 332 00:16:36,799 --> 00:16:40,320 Commentary on the hadith: 333 00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:43,279 "The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, went out 334 00:16:43,279 --> 00:16:45,679 From Medina to Mecca." 335 00:16:45,679 --> 00:16:48,559 Meaning: During the Conquest of Mecca in Ramadan. 336 00:16:48,559 --> 00:16:51,120 He had ten thousand with him. 337 00:16:51,120 --> 00:16:56,559 This was eight and a half years after his arrival in Medina. 338 00:16:56,639 --> 00:16:59,039 "Reached": Meaning he arrived. 339 00:16:59,039 --> 00:17:04,460 ‘Usfan is a village between Mecca and Medina. 340 00:17:04,460 --> 00:17:06,859 "Called for": Meaning he requested. 341 00:17:06,859 --> 00:17:09,019 "Raised it to his hands." 342 00:17:09,019 --> 00:17:13,180 Meaning: He raised the water to the full extent of his arms. 343 00:17:13,180 --> 00:17:16,880 From the benefits of the hadith: 344 00:17:16,880 --> 00:17:18,960 It is derived from the hadith: 345 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:21,680 The permissibility of breaking the fast while traveling. 346 00:17:21,680 --> 00:17:28,529 A fasting person on a journey may break his fast after part of the day has passed. 347 00:17:28,529 --> 00:17:32,289 On the authority of Abu al-Darda’, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 348 00:17:32,289 --> 00:17:35,329 We went out with the Prophet, peace be upon him, 349 00:17:35,329 --> 00:17:38,930 On one of his journeys on a hot day, 350 00:17:38,930 --> 00:17:43,809 To the point that a man would place his hand on his head due to the intensity of the heat, 351 00:17:43,809 --> 00:17:45,569 And none of us were fasting 352 00:17:45,569 --> 00:17:49,730 Except for the Prophet, peace be upon him, 353 00:17:49,730 --> 00:17:52,380 And Ibn Rawahah. 354 00:17:52,380 --> 00:17:55,660 Commentary on the hadith: 355 00:17:55,660 --> 00:17:57,420 "On one of his journeys." 356 00:17:57,500 --> 00:18:01,339 It is possible that this journey was the journey of Badr. 357 00:18:01,339 --> 00:18:02,859 "And Ibn Rawahah." 358 00:18:02,859 --> 00:18:07,119 He is ‘Abdullah ibn Rawahah, may Allah be pleased with him. 359 00:18:07,119 --> 00:18:10,910 From the benefits of the hadith: 360 00:18:10,910 --> 00:18:12,990 It is derived from the hadith: 361 00:18:12,990 --> 00:18:15,710 The permissibility of breaking the fast while traveling. 362 00:18:15,710 --> 00:18:19,390 The hadith indicates the superiority of fasting 363 00:18:19,390 --> 00:18:24,450 As long as there is no manifest hardship. 364 00:18:24,450 --> 00:18:27,650 Chapter: The Statement of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 365 00:18:27,650 --> 00:18:30,769 To one who was being shaded while the heat was intense: 366 00:18:30,849 --> 00:18:35,089 "It is not righteousness to fast while traveling." 367 00:18:35,089 --> 00:18:39,490 On the authority of Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 368 00:18:39,490 --> 00:18:43,970 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was on a journey, 369 00:18:43,970 --> 00:18:48,130 And he saw a crowd and a man who was being shaded. 370 00:18:48,130 --> 00:18:51,039 He asked: "What is this?" 371 00:18:51,039 --> 00:18:53,740 They said: "He is fasting." 372 00:18:53,740 --> 00:18:59,119 He said: "It is not righteousness to fast while traveling." 373 00:18:59,119 --> 00:19:02,609 Commentary on the hadith: 374 00:19:02,609 --> 00:19:05,970 "On a journey": Meaning during the Conquest of Mecca. 375 00:19:05,970 --> 00:19:09,890 "And a man": It is said he was Abu Isra’il. 376 00:19:09,890 --> 00:19:14,130 "Being shaded": Meaning to protect himself from the heat of the sun. 377 00:19:14,130 --> 00:19:15,569 "What is this?" 378 00:19:15,569 --> 00:19:18,160 Meaning: What is the matter with this man? 379 00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:21,119 "It is not righteousness to fast while traveling." 380 00:19:21,119 --> 00:19:23,440 Meaning: It is not an act of obedience or worship 381 00:19:23,440 --> 00:19:26,849 To fast while in a state of travel. 382 00:19:26,849 --> 00:19:30,450 From the benefits of the hadith: 383 00:19:30,450 --> 00:19:32,450 It is derived from the hadith: 384 00:19:32,529 --> 00:19:35,650 That hardship brings about ease. 385 00:19:35,650 --> 00:19:39,890 The hadith indicates the superiority of breaking the fast while traveling 386 00:19:39,890 --> 00:19:43,250 In cases of harm and manifest hardship. 387 00:19:43,250 --> 00:19:46,210 It contains the recommendation of being kind to oneself. 388 00:19:46,210 --> 00:19:54,430 The hadith indicates the permissibility of a traveler breaking his fast after having intended to fast. 389 00:19:54,430 --> 00:19:55,630 Chapter: 390 00:19:55,630 --> 00:20:03,619 The Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, did not criticize one another regarding fasting and breaking the fast. 391 00:20:03,700 --> 00:20:06,259 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik, who said: 392 00:20:06,259 --> 00:20:10,579 "We used to travel with the Prophet, peace be upon him, 393 00:20:10,579 --> 00:20:13,380 And the one who was fasting did not criticize the one who broke his fast, 394 00:20:13,380 --> 00:20:16,579 Nor did the one who broke his fast criticize the one who was fasting." 395 00:20:16,579 --> 00:20:20,000 Commentary on the hadith: 396 00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:23,970 "Did not criticize": Meaning did not disapprove. 397 00:20:23,970 --> 00:20:27,710 From the benefits of the hadith: 398 00:20:27,710 --> 00:20:29,630 It is derived from the hadith: 399 00:20:29,630 --> 00:20:33,549 That one should not object in matters of diversity-based disagreement. 400 00:20:33,549 --> 00:20:40,019 The hadith provides evidence for the consensus of the Companions regarding the permissibility of breaking the fast and fasting for the traveler. 401 00:20:40,019 --> 00:20:45,140 The hadith contains an indication of the importance of choosing righteous companionship during travel. 402 00:20:45,140 --> 00:20:51,819 Chapter: "And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute]." 403 00:20:51,819 --> 00:20:55,500 On the authority of Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), he recited: 404 00:20:55,500 --> 00:20:58,619 "A ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person." 405 00:20:58,619 --> 00:21:02,160 He said: It is abrogated. 406 00:21:02,160 --> 00:21:05,599 Commentary on the hadith: 407 00:21:05,680 --> 00:21:07,200 It is abrogated. 408 00:21:07,200 --> 00:21:13,920 Meaning: It was previously permissible for a person to feed the poor and not fast during Ramadan, even if they were capable of fasting. 409 00:21:13,920 --> 00:21:16,480 It was then abrogated by His saying, the Exalted: 410 00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:20,859 “The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the Criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, (let him fast the same) number of other days. Allah desireth for you ease; He desireth not hardship for you; and (He desireth) that ye should complete the period, and that ye should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that peradventure ye may be thankful.” (2:185) 411 00:21:20,859 --> 00:21:24,589 From the benefits of the hadith: 412 00:21:24,589 --> 00:21:26,829 It is derived from the hadith: 413 00:21:26,829 --> 00:21:29,390 The occurrence of abrogation in legal rulings. 414 00:21:29,390 --> 00:21:35,230 A group of the salaf held the view that the verse is a concession for the elderly and the sick. 415 00:21:35,309 --> 00:21:38,269 Those who are unable to fast. 416 00:21:38,269 --> 00:21:46,849 It shows that the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) were the most knowledgeable of people regarding the abrogating and the abrogated texts. 417 00:21:46,849 --> 00:21:48,049 Chapter: 418 00:21:48,049 --> 00:21:52,220 When should the missed days of Ramadan be made up? 419 00:21:52,220 --> 00:21:55,660 On the authority of ‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), she said: 420 00:21:55,660 --> 00:21:59,180 I would have missed days of fasting from Ramadan. 421 00:21:59,180 --> 00:22:04,130 And I would not be able to make them up except in Sha‘ban. 422 00:22:04,130 --> 00:22:07,630 Commentary on the hadith: 423 00:22:07,630 --> 00:22:09,230 "I would have..." 424 00:22:09,230 --> 00:22:10,509 The meaning: 425 00:22:10,509 --> 00:22:12,990 The situation would be such. 426 00:22:12,990 --> 00:22:14,190 The intent is: 427 00:22:14,190 --> 00:22:17,410 Continuity and repetition of the action. 428 00:22:17,410 --> 00:22:18,849 "To make up..." 429 00:22:18,849 --> 00:22:22,049 Meaning: What was missed from Ramadan. 430 00:22:22,049 --> 00:22:25,789 From the benefits of the hadith: 431 00:22:25,789 --> 00:22:27,789 It is derived from the hadith: 432 00:22:27,789 --> 00:22:31,390 That the time for making up missed days of Ramadan is expansive. 433 00:22:31,390 --> 00:22:34,819 And it becomes restricted in Sha‘ban. 434 00:22:34,819 --> 00:22:38,099 It shows that the husband’s right regarding companionship and service, 435 00:22:38,180 --> 00:22:40,900 Takes precedence over other rights, 436 00:22:40,900 --> 00:22:46,670 As long as it is not an obligatory act confined to a specific time. 437 00:22:46,670 --> 00:22:50,799 Chapter: Regarding one who dies while having missed fasts. 438 00:22:50,799 --> 00:22:53,519 On the authority of ‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her): 439 00:22:53,519 --> 00:22:57,839 That the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 440 00:22:57,839 --> 00:23:00,319 "Whoever dies while having missed fasts," 441 00:23:00,319 --> 00:23:03,359 "Their guardian should fast on their behalf." 442 00:23:03,359 --> 00:23:06,910 Commentary on the hadith: 443 00:23:06,910 --> 00:23:07,950 "Whoever dies..." 444 00:23:07,950 --> 00:23:10,029 Meaning: Among those who are legally accountable. 445 00:23:10,029 --> 00:23:11,230 "Their guardian..." 446 00:23:11,309 --> 00:23:13,470 It is said: This refers to every relative. 447 00:23:13,470 --> 00:23:15,869 It is said: Specifically the heir. 448 00:23:15,869 --> 00:23:18,349 It is said: The agnatic relatives. 449 00:23:18,349 --> 00:23:22,019 From the benefits of the hadith: 450 00:23:22,019 --> 00:23:24,019 It is derived from the hadith: 451 00:23:24,019 --> 00:23:26,900 The permissibility of fasting on behalf of the deceased. 452 00:23:26,900 --> 00:23:34,400 It shows that there is no proxy in acts of worship except by textual evidence. 453 00:23:34,400 --> 00:23:38,349 On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), he said: 454 00:23:38,349 --> 00:23:43,309 A man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: 455 00:23:43,309 --> 00:23:45,150 "O Messenger of Allah," 456 00:23:45,150 --> 00:23:47,819 "My mother has died." 457 00:23:47,819 --> 00:23:49,259 In one narration: 458 00:23:49,259 --> 00:23:53,420 A woman said to the Prophet (peace be upon him): 459 00:23:53,420 --> 00:23:55,500 "My sister has died," 460 00:23:55,500 --> 00:23:58,160 "And she had a month of fasting to fulfill." 461 00:23:58,160 --> 00:23:59,740 In one narration: 462 00:23:59,740 --> 00:24:04,059 A woman said to the Prophet (peace be upon him): 463 00:24:04,059 --> 00:24:08,049 "My mother has died and she had a vow of fasting to fulfill." 464 00:24:08,049 --> 00:24:09,569 And in one narration: 465 00:24:09,569 --> 00:24:13,519 "And she had fifteen days of fasting to fulfill." 466 00:24:13,519 --> 00:24:15,549 "Should I make them up on her behalf?" 467 00:24:15,549 --> 00:24:17,549 He said: "Yes." 468 00:24:17,549 --> 00:24:21,549 He said: "For the debt of Allah is more worthy of being fulfilled." 469 00:24:21,549 --> 00:24:25,319 Commentary on the hadith: 470 00:24:25,319 --> 00:24:27,960 "Should I make them up on her behalf?" 471 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:29,960 Meaning: Should I fast on her behalf? 472 00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:32,960 "For the debt of Allah is more worthy of being fulfilled." 473 00:24:32,960 --> 00:24:35,960 Meaning: If a servant's debt is fulfilled, 474 00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:39,309 Then the right of Allah is more deserving of being fulfilled. 475 00:24:39,309 --> 00:24:43,140 From the benefits of the hadith: 476 00:24:43,140 --> 00:24:45,140 It is derived from the hadith: 477 00:24:45,140 --> 00:24:48,140 The permissibility of fasting on behalf of a deceased relative. 478 00:24:48,140 --> 00:24:50,140 It shows the validity of analogy. 479 00:24:50,140 --> 00:24:54,140 It shows the legitimacy of fulfilling debts on behalf of the deceased. 480 00:24:54,140 --> 00:24:57,180 The Imams have reached a consensus on this. 481 00:24:57,180 --> 00:25:00,180 It shows that the deceased benefits from the deeds of the living. 482 00:25:00,180 --> 00:25:05,220 As indicated by the texts. 483 00:25:05,220 --> 00:25:06,220 Chapter: 484 00:25:06,220 --> 00:25:09,829 When is it lawful for the fasting person to break their fast? 485 00:25:09,829 --> 00:25:13,829 On the authority of ‘Umar Ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: 486 00:25:13,829 --> 00:25:16,829 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 487 00:25:16,829 --> 00:25:19,829 "When the night approaches from here," 488 00:25:19,829 --> 00:25:22,829 "And the day retreats from here," 489 00:25:22,829 --> 00:25:24,829 "And the sun sets," 490 00:25:24,829 --> 00:25:26,829 "Then the fasting person has broken their fast." 491 00:25:26,829 --> 00:25:30,569 Commentary on the hadith: 492 00:25:30,569 --> 00:25:34,019 "When the night approaches from here," 493 00:25:34,019 --> 00:25:36,019 Meaning: From the direction of the east. 494 00:25:36,019 --> 00:25:39,019 "And the day retreats from here," 495 00:25:39,019 --> 00:25:41,019 Meaning: From the direction of the west. 496 00:25:41,019 --> 00:25:43,019 "The fasting person has broken their fast," 497 00:25:43,019 --> 00:25:46,019 Meaning: The time for breaking the fast has entered. 498 00:25:46,019 --> 00:25:49,299 From the benefits of the hadith: 499 00:25:49,299 --> 00:25:51,940 It is derived from the hadith: 500 00:25:51,940 --> 00:25:53,940 Clarification of the end of the fasting time. 501 00:25:53,940 --> 00:25:55,940 Which is until the setting of the sun. 502 00:25:55,940 --> 00:25:58,940 This is a matter upon which there is consensus. 503 00:25:58,940 --> 00:26:02,980 It shows that the legal command is more authoritative than sensory perception. 504 00:26:02,980 --> 00:26:05,980 And that human reason does not override the Sacred Law. 505 00:26:05,980 --> 00:26:11,250 Chapter: Hastening the breaking of the fast. 506 00:26:11,250 --> 00:26:13,470 On the authority of Sahl Ibn Sa‘d: 507 00:26:13,470 --> 00:26:17,470 That the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 508 00:26:17,470 --> 00:26:21,470 "People will remain in goodness as long as they hasten the breaking of the fast." 509 00:26:21,470 --> 00:26:25,049 Commentary on the hadith: 510 00:26:25,049 --> 00:26:27,500 "People will remain in goodness," 511 00:26:27,500 --> 00:26:30,500 Meaning: In their religion and their worldly affairs. 512 00:26:30,500 --> 00:26:32,500 "As long as they hasten the breaking of the fast," 513 00:26:32,500 --> 00:26:37,500 Meaning: They hasten to break the fast once the setting of the sun is confirmed. 514 00:26:37,500 --> 00:26:40,750 From the benefits of the hadith: 515 00:26:40,750 --> 00:26:43,420 It is derived from the hadith: 516 00:26:43,420 --> 00:26:46,420 The recommendation of hastening the breaking of the fast for the fasting person. 517 00:26:47,420 --> 00:26:50,420 It shows that the affairs of the Ummah remain orderly, 518 00:26:50,420 --> 00:26:51,420 And they are in goodness, 519 00:26:51,420 --> 00:26:55,420 As long as they maintain this Sunnah. 520 00:26:55,420 --> 00:26:57,420 And if they delay the breaking of the fast, 521 00:26:57,420 --> 00:27:01,420 That is a sign of corruption they have fallen into. 522 00:27:01,420 --> 00:27:06,569 Chapter: If one breaks the fast during Ramadan, 523 00:27:06,569 --> 00:27:08,569 Then the sun appears. 524 00:27:08,569 --> 00:27:13,950 On the authority of Asma’ Bint Abi Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with them both), she said: 525 00:27:13,950 --> 00:27:17,950 We broke our fast during the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 526 00:27:17,950 --> 00:27:19,950 On a cloudy day, 527 00:27:19,950 --> 00:27:21,950 Then the sun appeared. 528 00:27:21,950 --> 00:27:25,500 Commentary on the hadith: 529 00:27:25,500 --> 00:27:27,940 "Cloudy," meaning: overcast. 530 00:27:27,940 --> 00:27:29,940 "The sun appeared," 531 00:27:29,940 --> 00:27:33,940 Meaning: It was confirmed that the time for breaking the fast had not yet entered. 532 00:27:33,940 --> 00:27:37,230 From the benefits of the hadith: 533 00:27:37,230 --> 00:27:40,000 It is derived from the hadith: 534 00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:44,000 Whoever breaks their fast thinking that the sun has set, 535 00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:46,000 Then it turns out it has not set, 536 00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:48,000 They must abstain for the remainder of their day, 537 00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:50,000 And they must make up the day, 538 00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:52,000 But there is no expiation upon them. 539 00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:55,130 It shows that certainty is not removed by doubt. 540 00:27:55,130 --> 00:28:01,319 The hadith provides evidence for maintaining the original state until the contrary is proven. 541 00:28:01,319 --> 00:28:05,210 Chapter: The fasting of children. 542 00:28:05,210 --> 00:28:09,589 On the authority of al-Rubayyi‘ Bint Mu‘awwidh, she said: 543 00:28:09,589 --> 00:28:12,589 The Prophet (peace be upon him) sent, 544 00:28:12,589 --> 00:28:16,589 On the morning of ‘Ashura’, to the villages of the Ansar: 545 00:28:16,589 --> 00:28:20,660 "Whoever has started the day not fasting, let them complete the rest of their day," 546 00:28:20,660 --> 00:28:24,660 "And whoever has started the day fasting, let them continue." 547 00:28:24,660 --> 00:28:25,880 She said: 548 00:28:25,880 --> 00:28:27,880 So we would fast it afterwards, 549 00:28:27,880 --> 00:28:30,880 And we would have our children fast, 550 00:28:30,880 --> 00:28:33,880 And we would make them toys out of wool. 551 00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:37,880 If one of them cried for food, we would give them that, 552 00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:40,880 Until it was time for breaking the fast. 553 00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:44,460 Commentary on the hadith: 554 00:28:44,460 --> 00:28:47,029 "Morning of ‘Ashura’," 555 00:28:47,029 --> 00:28:50,029 Meaning: The early part of the tenth day of Muharram. 556 00:28:50,029 --> 00:28:52,029 "Villages of the Ansar," 557 00:28:52,029 --> 00:28:54,029 Meaning: Those surrounding Medina. 558 00:28:54,029 --> 00:28:57,130 "Let them complete the rest of their day," 559 00:28:57,130 --> 00:29:01,130 Meaning: Let them abstain from things that break the fast until sunset. 560 00:29:01,130 --> 00:29:04,190 "And whoever has started the day fasting, let them continue," 561 00:29:04,190 --> 00:29:07,190 Meaning: Let them persist in their fast. 562 00:29:07,190 --> 00:29:09,349 "So we would fast it," 563 00:29:09,349 --> 00:29:11,349 Meaning: We would fast ‘Ashura’. 564 00:29:11,349 --> 00:29:12,450 "Wool," 565 00:29:12,450 --> 00:29:14,450 Meaning: Sheep's wool. 566 00:29:14,450 --> 00:29:16,450 "We would give them," 567 00:29:16,450 --> 00:29:18,700 Meaning: That toy. 568 00:29:18,700 --> 00:29:22,309 From the benefits of the hadith: 569 00:29:22,309 --> 00:29:24,309 It is derived from the hadith: 570 00:29:24,309 --> 00:29:29,309 That fasting ‘Ashura’ was obligatory before Ramadan was made obligatory. 571 00:29:29,309 --> 00:29:33,309 It shows the validity of forming the intention for a voluntary fast during the day. 572 00:29:33,309 --> 00:29:37,309 It shows that one should not delay clarification when there is a need for it. 573 00:29:37,309 --> 00:29:42,309 The hadith contains an indication of the recommendation of voluntary fasting. 574 00:29:42,309 --> 00:29:46,410 It shows the legitimacy of training children in acts of worship. 575 00:29:46,410 --> 00:29:53,410 It shows that if a Companion says, "We did such-and-such during the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him)," 576 00:29:53,410 --> 00:29:55,410 It carries the status of a prophetic report (marfu‘).