WEBVTT

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Baqarah.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Alif Lam Mim.

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Allah, whose praise is exalted, made these disjointed letters.

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They are not connected to one another.

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Unlike the rest of speech where letters are joined.

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This is because He, the Exalted in remembrance,

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intended by their articulation to signify, through each letter, many meanings,

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not merely a single meaning.

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“This is the Scripture whereof there is no doubt, a guidance unto those who ward off (evil).” (2:2)

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Guidance for the God-fearing.

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This which I have mentioned and clarified for you, O Muhammad,

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is the Book in which there is no doubt that it is from Allah.

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It is guidance away from misguidance for those who feared their Lord,

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by obeying Him in what He commanded of His obligatory duties,

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and avoiding what He forbade them of His acts of disobedience.

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“Who believe in the Unseen, and establish worship, and spend of that We have bestowed upon them;” (2:3)

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And from what We have provided them, they spend.

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They are those who believe in what is unseen to them regarding Paradise and Hell,

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the reward and the punishment, and the Resurrection.

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And in what Allah mentioned in the Qur'an,

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such as believing in Allah, His angels, His books, and His messengers.

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They establish prayer by performing it with its limits and requirements,

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just as it was ordained for them, with complete bowing and prostration,

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recitation, and humility.

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And from what We have provided them, they pay the zakat or provide maintenance

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to those whose support is incumbent upon them, such as family and dependents.

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They are those who believe you regarding what you brought from Allah, the Mighty and Majestic,

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and what the messengers before you brought.

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They do not make distinctions between them,

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nor do they deny what came to them from their Lord.

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They believe in the matters of the Hereafter: the Resurrection and the gathering,

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the reward, the punishment, the reckoning, and the Balance,

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and all else that Allah has prepared for His creation on the Day of Resurrection; they are certain of it.

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This is an allusion censuring the People of the Scripture,

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who claimed to believe in what the messengers of Allah brought before Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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while they disbelieve in Muhammad, peace be upon him.

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Those are the God-fearing.

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And those who believe in what was revealed to Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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and to the messengers before him,

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are upon light from their Lord and a clear proof,

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and upon uprightness and correctness,

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through Allah’s guidance and success granted to them.

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Those are the successful ones, attaining what they sought from Allah, the Exalted, of reward,

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and eternity in the Gardens,

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and salvation from the punishment Allah has prepared for His enemies.

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Indeed, those who deny what was revealed to you from your Lord,

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it is all the same to them whether you warn them or do not warn them,

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because they do not believe.

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Allah has set a seal upon their hearts and their hearing.

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Allah has placed a seal upon their hearts,

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so that faith has no path into them,

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and disbelief has no way out of them.

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And He has placed a covering over their vision,

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preventing them from seeing the path of guidance,

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so they do not recognize the ugliness of the misguidance and ruin they are upon.

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And for them is a great punishment.

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And of the people are some who say, "We believe in Allah."

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“And of mankind are some who say: We believe in Allah and the Last Day, when they believe not.” (2:8)

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And of the people—and they are the hypocrites—

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are those who say, "We believe in Allah and in the Resurrection on the Day of Judgment,"

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while they are not believers in what they claim to believe.

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This is a refutation of their claim regarding their own beliefs,

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and an informing of His Prophet, peace be upon him,

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that what they manifest with their tongues

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is contrary to what is in the depths of their hearts,

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and the opposite of what is in the intentions of their souls.

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“They think to beguile Allah and those who believe, and they beguile none save themselves; but they perceive not.” (2:9)

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“They think to beguile Allah and those who believe, and they beguile none save themselves; but they perceive not.” (2:9)

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He is deceiving himself,

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because he shows his soul through his actions that he is granting it its desires,

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and giving it the cup of its pleasure,

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while he is actually leading it to the pools of its own destruction,

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and making it taste of Allah’s wrath and painful punishment

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that which it cannot withstand.

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They do not perceive that Allah is deceiving them by granting them respite,

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and gradually leading them to their ruin.

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So Allah increased them in disease,

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“In their hearts is a disease, and Allah increaseth their disease. A painful doom is theirs because they lie.” (2:10)

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in the conviction of their hearts regarding their religion,

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and in their belief in Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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and in what he brought from Allah.

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It is a sickness and doubt.

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Allah increased them—through the limits and obligations He ordained which they had not previously been bound by—

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in doubt and confusion, added to the disease and doubt already in their hearts.

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And for them is a painful punishment for the lies they told with their tongues.

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“And of mankind are some who say: We believe in Allah and the Last Day, when they believe not.” (2:8)

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“And when it is said unto them: Make not mischief in the earth, they say: We are peacemakers only.” (2:11)

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“And when it is said unto them: Make not mischief in the earth, they say: We are peacemakers only.” (2:11)

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And when it is said to the hypocrites, "Do not cause corruption on the earth,"

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by disobeying your Lord upon it,

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and by committing what He has forbidden you to commit,

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and by neglecting His obligations,

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and by doubting the religion of Allah,

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and by supporting those who deny Allah, His books, and His messengers against the allies of Allah,

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they say, "We are only reformers on the earth, and upon guidance and righteousness."

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“Are not they indeed the mischief-makers? But they perceive not.” (2:12)

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Unquestionably, it is they who are violating the command of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic,

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transgressing His limits,

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committing acts of disobedience,

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and abandoning His obligations,

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and they know that they are as such.

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“And when it is said unto them: believe as the people believe, they say: shall we believe as the foolish believe? are not they indeed the foolish? But they know not.” (2:13)

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“And when it is said unto them: believe as the people believe, they say: shall we believe as the foolish believe? are not they indeed the foolish? But they know not.” (2:13)

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“And when it is said unto them: believe as the people believe, they say: shall we believe as the foolish believe? are not they indeed the foolish? But they know not.” (2:13)

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And when it is said to them,

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"Believe in Muhammad and in what he brought from Allah,"

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just as the believers have believed,

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who believed in Muhammad, his prophethood, and what he brought from Allah,

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they say, "Should we believe as the ignorant have believed?"

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"And should we believe in Muhammad, peace be upon him,"

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"as these people who have no intellect or understanding have believed?"

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Unquestionably, it is they who are the ignorant in their religion,

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weak in judgment regarding the beliefs and choices they have chosen for themselves,

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consisting of doubt and suspicion regarding the command of Allah and His Messenger,

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yet they think they are doing good.

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That is the very essence of foolishness,

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for the fool only causes corruption while thinking he is bringing about reform.

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Likewise, the hypocrite

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disobeys his Lord while thinking he is obeying Him,

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and disbelieves in Him while thinking he is believing in Him,

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and harms himself while thinking he is doing good to himself.

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And when they meet those who believe, they say, "We believe."

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But when they are alone with their devils, they say, "Indeed, we are with you;

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we were only mocking."

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When they meet the believers who believe in Allah, His Book, and His Messenger,

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they say to them, "We believe and have faith in Muhammad and what he brought from Allah,"

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as a deception to protect their lives, wealth, and offspring.

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And when they are alone with their ringleaders and those of arrogance, evil, and malice among them,

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they say to them, "Indeed, we are with you in your religion,

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and we are your supporters against those who oppose you in it."

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"We are only mocking the companions of Muhammad, peace be upon him,"

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"by telling them when we meet them, 'We believe in Allah and the Last Day.'"

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Allah mocks them and prolongs them in their transgression, wandering blindly.

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Allah’s mocking consists of granting the hypocrites in this world

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rulings that include them in the count of those covered by the name of Islam,

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even if they harbor the opposite in their hearts,

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despite Allah’s knowledge of their lies and His awareness of the malice of their beliefs,

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until they think He will gather them in the Hereafter with the believers.

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But Allah has prepared for them His painful punishment and severe torment,

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mocking, ridiculing, deceiving, and plotting against them.

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He grants them respite and leaves them to persist in their transgression and disbelief,

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wandering in confusion and error,

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finding no way to escape from it.

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Those are the ones who have purchased misguidance and abandoned guidance,

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so they have lost and have not gained,

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nor were they guided in their choice of misguidance over guidance,

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and their exchange of disbelief for faith.

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The example of the hypocrites’ illumination

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by what they manifest of affirmation of Allah and Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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and what he brought—in speech, while they deny it in their hearts—

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is like the illumination of one who kindles a fire;

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once it lit up and he saw what was around him,

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the fire died down and was extinguished,

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so his light departed,

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and the one who was illuminated by it returned to darkness and confusion.

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Likewise are the hypocrites;

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Allah has taken away their light,

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and left them in darkness, unable to see after the light they were in during this world,

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due to what they manifested with their tongues of affirmation of Islam,

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while they harbored the opposite.

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They are deaf to guidance and the truth,

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so they do not hear them due to Allah’s abandonment of them.

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They are dumb regarding speaking of them,

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so they do not utter them.

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They are blind to seeing them so as to understand them,

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so they will not return to abandoning their misguidance.

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“Or like a rainstorm from the sky, wherein is darkness, thunder and the flash of lightning. They thrust their fingers in their ears by reason of the thunder-claps, for fear of death, Allah encompasseth the disbelievers (in His guidance, His omniscience and His omnipotence).” (2:19)

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And Allah is encompassing of the disbelievers.

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The example of the hypocrites’ illumination by the light of their affirmation of Islam,

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while concealing disbelief,

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is like a rainstorm traveling by night

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in a dark cloud and a dark night,

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driven by thunder, with lightning flashing at its edges, intense in its brilliance.

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The flash of its lightning almost takes away their sight and snatches it,

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due to the intensity of its brightness and the light of its rays.

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And from it, thunderbolts descend at times,

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almost causing souls to perish from the intensity of their terror.

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Allah struck the rainstorm as a parable for the outward faith of the hypocrite,

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and the darkness within it as a parable for his misguidance,

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and the light of the lightning as a parable for the light of his faith,

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and his shielding himself from the thunderbolts by putting his fingers in his ears

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as a parable for the weakness of his heart and the terror of his soul at the arrival of Allah’s punishment at his doorstep,

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and his walking in the light of the lightning

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as a parable for his steadfastness on the light of his faith,

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and his standing still in the darkness

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as a parable for his confusion in his misguidance and his relapse into his blindness.

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And Allah is the Gatherer of the disbelievers,

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so He will inflict His punishment upon them.

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Then He, the Exalted in remembrance, returned to describing the hypocrites’ affirmation with their tongues,

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and said:

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The affirmation they manifested with their tongues regarding Allah, His Messenger, and what he brought

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almost takes away their sight and snatches it due to the intensity of its brightness and the light of its rays.

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Whenever the light of faith shines for them,

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they see in it what pleases them in their immediate worldly life,

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such as victory over enemies,

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obtaining spoils in military expeditions,

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and safety for their bodies, families, and children;

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they remain steadfast upon it and persist in it.

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But when it becomes dark,

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and they do not see in Islam what pleases them,

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they persist in their hypocrisy and remain steadfast in their misguidance,

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just like the traveler walking in the darkness of the night and the darkness of the rainstorm;

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when a flash of lightning occurs, he sees his path,

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but when the light of the lightning departs from them,

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he is confused in his path and does not know his way.

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If Allah had willed, He would have taken away the hearing and sight of the hypocrites.

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Indeed, Allah is over all things competent,

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and over inflicting His wrath upon them and sending down His vengeance upon them.

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O all of mankind,

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whether disbelievers, hypocrites, or others,

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from among all of His creation who are held accountable:

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Worship your Lord alone, He who created you and created your forefathers,

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your ancestors, and all of creation besides you,

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so that you may guard against His wrath and anger

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from descending upon you,

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and so that you may be among the righteous.

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So that they may descend upon you,

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and you may be among the righteous with whom their Lord is pleased.

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“Who hath appointed the earth a resting-place for you, and the sky a canopy; and causeth water to pour down from the sky, thereby producing fruits as food for you. And do not set up rivals to Allah when ye know (better).” (2:22)

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And the sky as a canopy.

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And He sent down water from the sky,

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and thereby brought forth fruits as a provision for you.

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“Who hath appointed the earth a resting-place for you, and the sky a canopy; and causeth water to pour down from the sky, thereby producing fruits as food for you. And do not set up rivals to Allah when ye know (better).” (2:22)

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Worship your Lord,

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who made the earth a resting place and a foundation for you,

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and a stable place for you to dwell upon.

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And the sky as a structure above the earth,

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in the form of a dome.

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And He sent down rain from the sky,

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and thereby brought forth from their crops and plantations

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fruits as a provision for them,

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as nourishment and sustenance.

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So do not set up rivals or equals to Allah in obedience,

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while you know that you have no lord who provides for you other than Him,

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and that He is the Originator of creation and its Creator.

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“And if ye are in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto Our slave (Muhammad), then produce a surah of the like thereof, and call your witness beside Allah if ye are truthful.” (2:23)

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“And if ye are in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto Our slave (Muhammad), then produce a surah of the like thereof, and call your witness beside Allah if ye are truthful.” (2:23)

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Then produce a surah.

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“And if ye are in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto Our slave (Muhammad), then produce a surah of the like thereof, and call your witness beside Allah if ye are truthful.” (2:23)

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“And if ye are in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto Our slave (Muhammad), then produce a surah of the like thereof, and call your witness beside Allah if ye are truthful.” (2:23)

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“And if ye are in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto Our slave (Muhammad), then produce a surah of the like thereof, and call your witness beside Allah if ye are truthful.” (2:23)

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If you are truthful.

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And if you, O polytheists, are in doubt

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regarding what has been revealed to My servant of the Qur'an from Me,

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then produce a surah similar to this Qur'an,

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from your own speech that is comparable to it in the Arabic language,

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since you are Arabs.

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And call upon your helpers and witnesses to assist you in producing a surah like it,

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those who observe you and aid you in your denial of Allah and His Messenger,

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if you are truthful in your claim

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that what Muhammad, peace be upon him, has brought you is a fabrication and a lie.

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“And if ye do it not - and ye can never do it - then guard yourselves against the Fire prepared for disbelievers, whose fuel is of men and stones.” (2:24)

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“And if ye do it not - and ye can never do it - then guard yourselves against the Fire prepared for disbelievers, whose fuel is of men and stones.” (2:24)

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Prepared for the disbelievers.

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But if you fail to produce a surah like it, even though you and your partners have conspired against it,

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and you will never be able to produce a surah like it,

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then fear the Fire whose fuel is people and stones,

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prepared for those who deny that Allah is their Lord.

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“And give glad tidings (O Muhammad) unto those who believe and do good works; that theirs are Gardens underneath which rivers flow; as often as they are regaled with food of the fruit thereof, they say: this is what was given us aforetime; and it is given to them in resemblance. There for them are pure companions; there for ever they abide.” (2:25)

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“And give glad tidings (O Muhammad) unto those who believe and do good works; that theirs are Gardens underneath which rivers flow; as often as they are regaled with food of the fruit thereof, they say: this is what was given us aforetime; and it is given to them in resemblance. There for them are pure companions; there for ever they abide.” (2:25)

00:21:11.259 --> 00:21:16.259
“And give glad tidings (O Muhammad) unto those who believe and do good works; that theirs are Gardens underneath which rivers flow; as often as they are regaled with food of the fruit thereof, they say: this is what was given us aforetime; and it is given to them in resemblance. There for them are pure companions; there for ever they abide.” (2:25)

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And they are brought similar [fruits].

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“And give glad tidings (O Muhammad) unto those who believe and do good works; that theirs are Gardens underneath which rivers flow; as often as they are regaled with food of the fruit thereof, they say: this is what was given us aforetime; and it is given to them in resemblance. There for them are pure companions; there for ever they abide.” (2:25)

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And they will abide therein forever.

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O Muhammad, give glad tidings to those who believe that you are My Messenger,

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and who confirm that belief by performing righteous deeds,

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that for them are gardens beneath which rivers flow.

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Whenever they are provided with fruit from the trees of the gardens,

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“And give glad tidings (O Muhammad) unto those who believe and do good works; that theirs are Gardens underneath which rivers flow; as often as they are regaled with food of the fruit thereof, they say: this is what was given us aforetime; and it is given to them in resemblance. There for them are pure companions; there for ever they abide.” (2:25)

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and they are brought what they are provided with of its fruits, similar in appearance and color to the fruits of the world,

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yet different in taste and flavor.

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And for those who believe and do righteous deeds,

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[there are] spouses purified from all filth, impurity, and doubt that may exist in the women of this world.

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And they will abide in the gardens forever, remaining in the joy and everlasting bliss that Allah has granted them therein.
