WEBVTT

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Mawaddah Association

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presents:

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The Ten Promised Paradise:

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'Umar ibn al-Khattab,

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may Allah be pleased with him.

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"Loving the Companions and the Prophet's kin is an established Sunnah,

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with which I shall meet my Lord when He resurrects me."

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"Loving the Companions and the Prophet's kin is an established Sunnah..."

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This is the city of the Prophet,

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the capital of the Islamic state

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and the seat of the Rightly Guided Caliphate.

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Delegations journeyed to it from everywhere;

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its day was filled with vibrant activity,

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and its night with remembrance of Allah and serene peace.

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One evening,

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a caravan of merchants arrived in Medina,

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camping at the open prayer area.

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'Umar said to 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf,

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may Allah be pleased with them both:

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"Shall we guard them tonight?"

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He replied, "Yes."

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So they spent the night guarding them and praying.

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Then 'Umar heard the crying of an infant,

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so he headed toward the sound

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and said to the mother:

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"Fear Allah Almighty,

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and take good care of your child."

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Then he returned to his post.

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Soon he heard the child crying again,

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so he returned to the mother

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and said the same to her,

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then went back to his post.

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Toward the end of the night,

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he heard the infant crying once more.

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He came to the mother and said:

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"Woe to you! What an uncaring mother you are!

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Why has your child had no rest from crying all night?"

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She replied:

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"O servant of Allah,

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I am trying to distract him from nursing,

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but he refuses."

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He asked, "And why is that?"

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She said:

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"Because 'Umar only allocates a stipend to weaned children."

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He asked:

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"How old is this son of yours?"

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She said, "Such and such months old."

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He said:

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"Woe to you!

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Do not rush him into weaning."

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When he led the morning prayer,

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the people could barely hear his recitation because of his weeping.

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He said:

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"Woe to 'Umar!

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How many children of the Muslims has he destroyed!"

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Then he commanded his caller to announce:

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"Do not rush your infants into weaning,

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for we shall allocate a stipend for every child born in Islam."

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And he dispatched this decree across all provinces.

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'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, assumed the caliphate

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and governed with the finest conduct,

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claiming nothing of its wealth for himself or his clan.

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He said to the people:

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"I regard my position regarding Allah's wealth

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as that of an orphan's guardian:

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if I am self-sufficient, I abstain;

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and if I am in need, I take only what is just and reasonable."

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The Caliph 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him,

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despite shouldering the heavy burdens of the caliphate and governance,

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would personally look after the widows of Medina,

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drawing water for them by night

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and attending to their needs.

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On one occasion,

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Talhah saw him enter a woman's house at night.

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So Talhah entered upon her the next day,

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only to find an elderly, blind, and paralyzed woman.

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He asked her, "What does that man do here with you?"

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Not knowing his identity, she replied:

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"This man has been looking after me for such and such a time;

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he brings me what benefits me and removes harm and filth from me."

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Talhah said, reproaching himself:

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"May your mother be bereaved of you, O Talhah!

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Are you seeking out 'Umar's faults?"

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And on another unforgettable night in history,

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the Caliph 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him,

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went out patrolling in the dead of night as was his habit,

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accompanied by his servant Aslam.

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From afar, they noticed a lit fire.

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'Umar said:

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"O Aslam,

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I see travelers over there

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who have been halted by the night and the cold.

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Let us go."

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Aslam said:

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"We set out jogging until we approached them,

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and found a woman with young children,

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a pot set over a fire,

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and children crying from hunger."

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'Umar said:

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"Peace be upon you, O people of the light!"

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—avoiding saying, "O people of the fire!"

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She replied, "And upon you be peace."

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He asked, "May I come closer?"

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She said, "Approach with good, or leave us be."

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He came near and asked:

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"What is the matter with you?"

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She said, "The night and the cold have halted us."

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He asked, "And why are these children crying?"

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She said, "Hunger."

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He asked, "And what is in this pot?"

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She said, "Water with which I quiet them until they fall asleep.

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Allah will judge between us and 'Umar!"

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He said, "May Allah have mercy on you!

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How could 'Umar know about your plight?"

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She said, "He assumes authority over us and then neglects us!"

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Aslam recounted: 'Umar turned to me

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and said, "Let us go!"

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We hurried until we reached the flour storehouse.

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He brought out a sack of flour and a vessel of fat,

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then said, "Load it onto me."

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I said, "I will carry it for you."

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He said:

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"Will you carry my burden on the Day of Resurrection?

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May you have no mother!"

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So I loaded it onto him,

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and he set off, with me jogging alongside him, back to her.

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He placed it down beside her,

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took out some of the flour,

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and began saying to her:

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"Sprinkle it for me while I stir it for you."

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He began blowing beneath the pot and stirring it.

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Aslam said:

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"I saw smoke coming out through his beard

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until he had cooked the meal for them."

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Then he said, "Bring me a dish."

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She brought a platter, and he poured it into it,

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then began saying to her:

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"Feed them while I spread it out for them,"

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meaning he spread it to cool down.

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He continued until they ate their fill,

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leaving the remainder of the food with her.

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He stood up, and I stood up with him,

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while she began saying:

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"May Allah reward you with good!

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You are more worthy of this office than the Commander of the Believers, 'Umar!"

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He said, "Speak good words.

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When you come to the Commander of the Believers,

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you will find me there, if Allah wills."

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Then he moved a short distance away from her

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and sat watching her children.

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I said, "You have other matters to attend to,"

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but he did not speak to me

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until I saw the children playfully wrestling,

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and then they fell peacefully asleep.

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He said:

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"O Aslam,

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hunger had kept them awake and made them weep,

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and I hated to leave before seeing them laughing.

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Now that they have laughed, my heart is at ease."

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That pastoral care of 'Umar's extended

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to encompass even animals.

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He, may Allah be pleased with him, used to say:

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"If a mule were to stumble in Iraq,

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I would fear that Allah would question me about it:

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'Why did you not pave the road for it, O 'Umar?'"

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On the other hand,

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'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was unyielding in the truth,

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devoted to spreading Islam across all of Allah's lands,

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shattering the power of Persia and Rome,

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the greatest empires of that era.

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He would always say:

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"We are a people whom Allah has honored with Islam,

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and whenever we seek honor through anything else, Allah will humiliate us."

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Thus, Allah humbled the might of Khosrow and Caesar before him,

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and their realms submitted to his rule.

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Al-Faruq, may Allah be pleased with him, succeeded

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during the ten years of his caliphate

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in establishing the most formidable state history had ever known.

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The Islamic state arose,

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stretching from the lands of Persia and the borders of China in the east

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to Egypt and North Africa in the west,

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and from the Caspian Sea in the north

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to Sudan and Yemen in the south.

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His caliphate witnessed unforgettable and monumental days in the history of Islam.

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Against the Persians,

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there were the battles of al-Qadisiyyah, al-Namaraq,

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the Bridge, and al-Buwayb,

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and the conquest of al-Mada'in, the Persian capital.

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Against the Byzantines,

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there were the battles of Yarmuk, Baysan, and Marj al-Rum,

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and the conquest of Damascus, Homs, and Baalbek.

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During his reign, the Muslims also conquered Jerusalem—

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that glorious conquest

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that will forever remain etched in the memory of the Muslims.

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Heraclius, the emperor of the Romans, was astounded

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by the successive Muslim conquests

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and the collapse of his armies and cities before them.

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So he gathered the commanders of his armies and said to them,

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"Tell me about these people who are fighting you.

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Are they not human beings like you?"

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They replied, "Yes, indeed."

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He asked, "So, are you greater in number, or are they?"

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They said, "Rather, we outnumber them many times over

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in every single field of battle."

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He said, "Then why on earth are you being defeated?"

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Thereupon, an old man among their prominent figures stood up and said,

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"Because they stand in prayer by night and fast by day,

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they fulfill their covenants,

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they enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong,

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and they exchange sincere advice and treat one another with justice.

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Whereas we drink wine, commit adultery,

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engage in the forbidden, breach our covenants,

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commit injustice, and encourage what incurs divine displeasure."

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Heraclius then said, "You have spoken the truth to me."

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Later, the Commander of the Faithful, 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), sent

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an army to fight the Persians,

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and placed Sariya Ibn Zanim (may Allah be pleased with him) in command over them.

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The Persians and the Kurds lay in wait for them with a massive force,

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surrounding the Muslim army

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until they were on the verge of total destruction.

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While they were in that dire state,

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and while 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was in Medina,

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delivering the Friday sermon to the people on the pulpit,

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'Umar suddenly shouted out,

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"O Sariya,

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the mountain, the mountain!"

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"O Sariya,

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the mountain, the mountain!"

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"O Sariya,

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the mountain, the mountain!"

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The army heard 'Umar's shout

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from thousands of miles away,

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so they retreated toward a nearby mountain,

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positioning themselves to face the enemy from a single direction.

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Thus Allah granted them victory,

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and they captured vast amounts of spoils from the enemy.

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Among the captured spoils was

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a casket filled with precious jewels.

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Sariya (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the permission of the Muslims

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to single out this casket as a gift for the Commander of the Faithful, 'Umar.

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They granted him permission,

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so he dispatched a messenger to Medina,

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carrying the fifth of the spoils

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along with the casket.

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'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) took the fifth

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and handed it over to the public treasury of the Muslims,

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but he refused to accept the casket of jewels,

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returning it instead to the Muslim fighters.

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The people of Medina asked Sariya's messenger about the victory,

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and he informed them.

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Then they asked him,

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"Did you hear a voice on the day of the battle?"

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He replied, "Yes,

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we heard a caller saying,

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'O Sariya,

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the mountain, the mountain!'

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We were on the brink of perishing,

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so we took refuge by the mountain,

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and Allah granted us victory."

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When the Muslim delegation arrived in Medina,

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bringing the Hurmuzan with them as a captive—

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who was one of the military commanders of Chosroes—

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they entered upon 'Umar,

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who was sleeping in the mosque,

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using his hooded cloak as a pillow.

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The Hurmuzan kept asking,

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"Where is 'Umar?"

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They said,

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"There he is,"

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lowering their voices so as not to awaken him.

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The Hurmuzan kept asking,

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"Where are his doorkeepers?

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And where are his guards?"

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They replied,

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"He has no doorkeepers and no guards."

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The Hurmuzan was utterly astonished.

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Hafiz Ibrahim depicted for us

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this scene in his famous poem *Al-'Umariyyah*,

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saying:

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"And it astonished the envoy of Chosroes to see 'Umar

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among his subjects, unadorned, though he was their ruler.

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For he knew the kings of Persia to be enclosed

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behind a wall of soldiers and guards protecting them.

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He saw him immersed in deep sleep, and perceived

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in him grandeur in its loftiest forms:

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Upon the bare soil, beneath the shade of the trees, wrapped

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in a cloak worn thin by the passage of time.

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Thus, all he had once magnified crumbled in his eyes—

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of the Chosroes and the worldly power in their hands.

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And he uttered a word of truth that became a proverb,

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which generation after generation continues to relate:

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'You felt safe when you established justice among them,

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and so you slept the tranquil sleep of a peaceful mind.'"

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How did the Commander of the Faithful, 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, manage the administration

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of this vast, expansive empire?

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And how did his life come to an end (may Allah be pleased with him)?

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This will be the focus of our discussion in the next gathering, Allah willing.

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In the Eternal Paradise, texts preserve their elevated rank;

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they are Talhah, Ibn 'Awf, and al-Zubayr,

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along with Abu 'Ubaydah, the two Sa'ds, and the Caliphs.