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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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With pens of longing,

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And the ink of love,

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We inscribe words more precious than gold,

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In describing the master of all creation,

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Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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The Prophetic Characteristics (Shama'il).

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Chapter: What has been narrated regarding the manner of the Messenger of Allah’s (peace be upon him) ablution before eating.

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The author intends by this chapter,

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The linguistic definition of ablution (wudu'),

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Which is the washing and cleaning of the hands,

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From any dirt, dust, or similar substances that may cling to them.

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Some scholars hold the view that it is recommended both before and after eating.

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On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both),

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That the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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Came out from the lavatory,

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And food was brought to him.

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They said,

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"Shall we bring you water for ablution?"

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He said,

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"I have only been commanded to perform ablution when I rise for prayer."

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In another narration,

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It was said to him,

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"Will you not perform ablution?"

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He said,

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"Am I about to pray, that I should perform ablution?"

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This hadith indicates,

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That the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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Relieved himself one day,

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Then food was brought to him,

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And they said to him,

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"Shall we bring you water for ablution?"

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By 'ablution' here, they meant the water used for washing.

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He (peace be upon him) said,

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"I have only been commanded to perform ablution when I rise for prayer."

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And in a narration, he said,

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"Am I about to pray, that I should perform ablution?"

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Meaning that the ritual ablution (wudu')

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Is not required when one intends to eat,

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But rather it is for prayer.

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On the authority of Salman (may Allah be pleased with him), he said:

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"I read in the Torah,

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That the blessing of food is the ablution after it."

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So I mentioned this to the Prophet (peace be upon him),

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And informed him of what I had read in the Torah.

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,

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"The blessing of food

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Is the ablution before it,

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And the ablution after it."

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This hadith indicates,

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That Salman al-Farisi (may Allah be pleased with him)

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Had read in the Torah,

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And this was before he embraced Islam,

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That the blessing of food is the ablution after it.

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Meaning that among the causes of blessing in food,

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Is that a person washes their hands after finishing it.

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It does not mean the ritual ablution.

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So when he informed the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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Of what he had read in the Torah,

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He (peace be upon him) said to him,

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"The blessing of food

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Is the ablution before it,

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And the ablution after it."

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Meaning that among the causes of blessing in food,

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Is that a person washes their hands before and after eating.

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Scholars have interpreted this hadith as referring to recommendation (istihbab),

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Even though the hadith is weak.

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Chapter: What has been narrated regarding the words of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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Before eating.

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On the authority of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him), he said:

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"We were with the Prophet (peace be upon him) one day,

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And food was brought to him.

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I never saw food that had more blessing than that,

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At the beginning when we ate,

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Nor less blessing at the end."

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We said, "O Messenger of Allah, how is this?"

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He said, "We mentioned the name of Allah when we began to eat,

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Then someone sat down after us who had eaten without mentioning the name of Allah,

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So the devil ate with him."

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This hadith shows that the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)

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Sat with the Prophet (peace be upon him) for a meal,

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And they found blessing in it at the beginning,

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Then they lost it at the end.

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They asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) about that,

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And he said that they had mentioned the name of Allah when they began to eat,

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Then someone sat with them afterward who ate without mentioning the name of Allah,

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So the devil ate with him,

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And the blessing vanished at that moment.

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This is a weak hadith,

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And it is rendered unnecessary by the hadith of Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) in Sahih Muslim,

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Where he said: "When we were present with the Prophet (peace be upon him) at a meal,

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We would not place our hands until the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) began and placed his hand.

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Once, we were present with him at a meal,

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And a slave girl came as if she were being pushed,

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She went to place her hand in the food,

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But the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) took her hand.

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Then a Bedouin came as if he were being pushed,

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And he took his hand.

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,

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'The devil considers food lawful if the name of Allah is not mentioned over it.

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He brought this girl to make it lawful through her,

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So I took her hand.

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Then he brought this Bedouin to make it lawful through him,

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So I took his hand.

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By Him in whose hand is my soul,

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His hand is in my hand along with her hand.'"

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On the authority of ‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), she said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,

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"If one of you eats and forgets to mention the name of Allah over his food,

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Let him say: 'In the name of Allah at its beginning and its end.'"

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This hadith indicates,

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That if someone eats food and experiences heedlessness or forgetfulness at the beginning,

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And does not mention the name of Allah,

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Then remembers during the meal that they forgot to say the Basmalah at the start,

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They should, in this situation, say:

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"In the name of Allah at its beginning and its end."

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If they say that, the blessing is realized for them, by the permission of Allah.

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This is from the grace and mercy of Allah.

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Mentioning the name of Allah (Tasmiyah) when eating is obligatory, according to the most correct opinion.

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On the authority of ‘Umar Ibn Abi Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him),

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That he entered upon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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And there was food before him.

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He said...

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This hadith indicates,

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That ‘Umar Ibn Abi Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him)

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Entered upon the Prophet (peace be upon him),

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And found him eating food.

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The Prophet (peace be upon him) invited him, saying,

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"Come close, my son,"

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Meaning, draw near.

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It contains evidence of the Prophet’s (peace be upon him)

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Gentleness and kindness toward children.

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It also indicates that it is permissible for a person to address those who are not their own children with this term,

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Saying to a young child,

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"My son."

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Then the Prophet taught him three etiquettes of eating:

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Mentioning the name of Allah at the beginning,

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Eating with the right hand,

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And eating from what is directly in front of one.

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On the authority of Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him), he said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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When the table was cleared from before him, would say:

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"Praise be to Allah, a praise that is abundant, pure, and blessed,

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Neither being abandoned, nor can we do without it, our Lord."

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This hadith indicates,

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That when the Prophet (peace be upon him) finished eating,

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And the table was cleared from before him,

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He would praise Allah, saying:

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"Praise be to Allah, a praise that is abundant, pure, and blessed."

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'Abundant' means a praise that is at the utmost level of abundance,

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For there is no end to His praise, just as there is no end to His blessings.

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'Pure' means sincere, free from showing off or seeking reputation.

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'Blessed'

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Means the permanence, increase, and growth of the goodness within it.

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His saying "neither being abandoned" means not forsaken,

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So that it may not be the last of our food.

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And his saying "nor can we do without it, our Lord,"

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Means we are in need of You, our Lord, and cannot do without You.

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It is narrated in the Musnad on the authority of Khalid Ibn Ma‘dan, who said:

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"We attended a feast for ‘Abd al-A‘la Ibn Hilal,

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And when we finished the food,

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Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and said:

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'I have stood in this place, and I am not a preacher,

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Nor do I intend to give a sermon,

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But I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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Say upon the completion of food:

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Praise be to Allah, abundant, pure, and blessed,

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Neither being sufficient, nor abandoned, nor can we do without it.'

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He said: He kept repeating them to us until we memorized them."

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On the authority of ‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), she said:

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The Prophet (peace be upon him) was eating food with six of his Companions,

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When a Bedouin came and ate it in two mouthfuls.

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,

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"Had he mentioned the name of Allah, it would have sufficed you all."

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This hadith indicates that the Prophet (peace be upon him) was eating food,

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And six of his Companions were eating with him.

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A Bedouin came and sat with them at the food,

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And he ate it in two mouthfuls.

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Meaning he did not mention the name of Allah, so he finished the food in two bites.

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He (peace be upon him) said,

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"Had he mentioned the name of Allah..." and in another narration:

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"Had he said 'In the name of Allah,' it would have sufficed you."

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Meaning, the food would have been sufficient for you.

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This hadith shows that mentioning the name of Allah is a cause for obtaining blessing in food,

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And that not mentioning it is a cause for the removal of blessing.

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It also shows the coarseness of the Bedouins and their ignorance of the rulings,

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And that the mention of the name of Allah by some at the meal does not suffice for the others.

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On the authority of Anas Ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), he said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,

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"Indeed, Allah is pleased with the servant who eats a meal and praises Him for it,

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Or drinks a drink and praises Him for it."

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This hadith,

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Guides us to an action through which Allah is pleased with us,

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Which is that when a person eats a meal—that is, a single instance of eating, like lunch or dinner—

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They should praise Allah after finishing the food.

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If they do that, they attain the pleasure of Allah.

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There are various formulas for praising Allah (Tahmid) that have been narrated,

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And a servant should learn them and vary them,

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He would perform it in one way at times, and in another way at other times.

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Even if he had limited himself to saying "al-hamdulillah," the fundamental Sunnah would have been fulfilled.

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There is more to this hadith, if Allah wills.

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And Allah knows best, and may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon our Prophet Muhammad.

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And upon all of his family and his Companions.