A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah. The way a despot manipulates the principle of consultation (shura). A ruler’s attempt to justify his actions by consulting only those he knows will agree with him does not constitute true consultation. For the despotic ruler only seeks consultation when he is certain that those he consults will concur with his views. Yet, he acts autocratically and enforces his own decision whenever he suspects that they might disagree with him. A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.