WEBVTT

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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

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Treasures of the Prophetic Biography.

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The Expedition of Dhat as-Salasil.

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In the eighth year of the Migration.

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The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wished to discipline certain Arab tribes

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who had joined the Romans in fighting the Muslims.

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So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) tied a white banner for Amr ibn al-Aas,

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gave him a black flag,

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and dispatched him at the head of three hundred prominent Emigrants and Ansar,

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accompanied by thirty horses.

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He commanded him to seek reinforcement from whichever tribes he passed by, such as Bali, Udhrah, and Balqayn—

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which were Arab tribes along the route.

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So he marched by night and lay in ambush by day.

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When he drew near the enemy,

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news reached him that they had assembled a vast host.

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He therefore sent Rafi' ibn Makith to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to request reinforcements.

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So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent Abu Ubaydah to him with two hundred men,

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tied a banner for him,

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and sent Abu Bakr and Umar along with him.

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He ordered them to join Amr ibn al-Aas

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and to act in unison and not disagree.

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When Abu Ubaydah joined Amr ibn al-Aas,

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they disagreed over who should lead the prayer and command.

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Amr said,

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"I am the commander,

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and you have merely come as reinforcement."

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Abu Ubaydah replied,

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"It shall be as you say.

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Even if you disobey me, I will yield to you."

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Thus, Amr ibn al-Aas assumed overall command.

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Amr then entered the territory of Quda'ah,

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subduing it until he reached the furthest reaches of their lands.

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He encountered a host of the enemy,

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confronted them with arms,

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and they dispersed,

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retreating without further fighting.

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Thus, they instilled a measure of dread into the hearts of the disbelievers.

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Amr related:

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"I had a wet dream on a cold night

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during the Expedition of Dhat as-Salasil,

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and I feared that if I performed a full ritual bath (ghusl), I would perish.

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So I performed dry ablution (tayammum)

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and led my companions in the Dawn prayer.

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They later mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

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who said,

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'O Amr,

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did you lead your companions in prayer while in a state of major ritual impurity?'

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I said,

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'I informed him of what had prevented me from bathing,

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and that I had heard Allah Almighty say:

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﴿And do not kill yourselves.﴾"

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“O ye who believe! Squander not your wealth among yourselves in vanity, except it be a trade by mutual consent, and kill not one another. Lo! Allah is ever Merciful unto you.” (4:29)

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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) smiled

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and said nothing.

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Al-Harith ibn Hassan al-Bakri came as an envoy to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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Al-Harith said:

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"I set out to complain about Ibn al-Hadrami,

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the governor of Basra,

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to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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I passed by Al-Rabadhah,

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and there was an old woman from Banu Tamim

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stranded without means.

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She said, 'O servant of Allah,

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I have a need with the Messenger of Allah;

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will you convey me to him?'

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So I carried her with me

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and reached Medina.

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The mosque was crowded with people,

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a black flag was fluttering,

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and Bilal was standing before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), girt with a sword.

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I asked, 'What is the matter with the people?'

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They replied,

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'He intends to dispatch Amr ibn al-Aas on a mission.'

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I sat down,

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and then the Prophet entered his house—

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or his quarters.

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I sought permission to enter upon him,

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and he granted me leave.

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I entered, greeted him with peace,

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and he said,

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'Was there any conflict between you and Tamim?'

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I said, 'Yes,

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and the defeat was theirs.

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I passed by an old woman from Banu Tamim who was stranded,

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and she asked me to carry her to you,

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and here she is at the door.'

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He gave her leave, and she entered.

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I said, 'O Messenger of Allah,

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if you see fit to set a boundary between us and Tamim,

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then appoint Al-Dahna as the border.'

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And in another narration:

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'And grant Al-Dahna exclusively to us.'

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Thereupon, the old woman became defensive,

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stood up alarmed,

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and said, 'O Messenger of Allah,

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where then will your own people of Mudar be driven?'

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Meaning: 'You are from Mudar,

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Tamim is from Mudar,

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while this man is a Bakri from Rabiah—

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so how can you side with him against Mudar?'

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The Bakri man said,

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'My situation and hers is like the ancient saying:

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"A goat that carried its own death."

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I carried this woman

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without realizing she would become my opponent!'

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He continued:

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'I seek refuge in Allah and His Messenger from being like the envoy of Ad.'

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The Prophet asked,

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'And what of the envoy of Ad?'

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He replied,

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'When Ad suffered a severe drought,

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they sent an envoy named Qayl.

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He passed by Mu'awiyah ibn Bakr

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and stayed with him for a month, during which Mu'awiyah plied him with wine

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and two singing girls entertained him.

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When the month passed,

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he went out to the mountains of Mahrah

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and prayed,

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"O Allah, You know I did not come to heal a sick person

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nor to ransom a captive.

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O Allah, provide Ad with whatever water You used to give them."

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Dark clouds passed over him,

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and a voice called out from them,

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"Choose!"

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So he pointed to a dark cloud among them,

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whereupon a voice called out from it,

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"Take it as ashes, reducing all to dust,

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leaving not a single soul of Ad alive!"'

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He added,

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'And I was informed that the destructive wind sent against them

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was no larger than the opening of this ring of mine,

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until they were utterly destroyed.'

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That is to say, this man—

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instead of asking for rain for his people—

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unwittingly requested their doom

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without realizing it."

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Treasures of the Prophetic Biography.

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The Conquest of Mecca.

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In the eighth year of the Migration.

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Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning the Conquest of Mecca:

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"It is the supreme conquest

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by which Allah exalted His religion, His Messenger,

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His host, and His trustworthy party,

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and by which He rescued His sacred city and His House—

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which He made a guidance for all worlds—

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from the hands of the disbelieving polytheists.

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It is the conquest over which the inhabitants of heaven rejoiced,

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whose mighty influence reached the highest heavens,

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by which people entered the religion of Allah in crowds,

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and through which the face of the earth shone with radiance and joy."

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This was the Conquest of Mecca

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in the eighth year of the Migration.

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The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

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had previously concluded the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with the disbelievers of Mecca.

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Among the terms of that treaty was

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that whichever Arab tribe wished

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to enter into an alliance and pact with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

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could do so,

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and whichever tribe wished to enter into an alliance and pact with Quraysh

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could do so.

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Thus, Banu Bakr entered into a pact with Quraysh,

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while Khuza'ah entered into a pact with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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Now, there was a blood feud between Khuza'ah and Banu Bakr dating back to the pre-Islamic era,

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before they entered into these alliances.

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The story behind it was

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that a man named Malik ibn Abbad,

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who was an ally of the family of Al-Aswad ibn Razin from Banu Bakr,

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set out, and when he reached the middle of Khuza'ah territory,

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the people of Khuza'ah attacked and killed him,

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seizing his property.

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This occurred some time before Islam.

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In retaliation, Banu Bakr attacked a man from Khuza'ah and killed him.

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Khuza'ah then rose up and attacked three men from Banu Bakr, killing them.

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When Islam came, it imposed a barrier between the two factions,

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and they became preoccupied with the faith rather than their old feud.

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However, Banu Bakr still harbored a desire for revenge against Khuza'ah.

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So when the peace treaty was established and Khuza'ah entered into the protection of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

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while Banu Bakr entered into the protection of Quraysh,

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Banu Bakr seized the opportunity when Khuza'ah felt secure from them

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and decided to exact their old revenge.

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Nawfal ibn Mu'awiyah al-Dili set out

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with a group from Banu Bakr

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in the month of Sha'ban in the eighth year of the Migration.

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They launched a night raid on Khuza'ah

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while Khuza'ah were gathered at a watering place called Al-Watir.

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They killed several of their men,

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and skirmishing and heavy fighting ensued.

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Quraysh then stepped in and aided Banu Bakr with weapons,

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and men from Quraysh even fought alongside Banu Bakr against Khuza'ah under the cover of night,

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until they forced Khuza'ah to retreat into the Sacred Sanctuary of Mecca.

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This was because Khuza'ah was completely unprepared for war.

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When they reached the Sacred Sanctuary,

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Banu Bakr said to their leader,

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"O Nawfal, we have entered the Sacred Sanctuary!

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Mind your Lord! Mind your Lord!"—

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meaning that fighting them within the Sanctuary was strictly forbidden.

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But Nawfal—may Allah vilify him—replied,

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"There is no Lord to be heeded today, O Banu Bakr!

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Exact your revenge!

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"By my life! You are stealing even within the Sanctuary,

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so will you not exact your vengeance in it?"

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Thus, the tribe of Khuza'ah entered Mecca

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and sought refuge in the house of Budayl Ibn Warqa' al-Khuza'i,

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as well as in the house of a freed slave of theirs named Rafi'.

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Thereupon, 'Amr Ibn Salim al-Khuza'i hurried

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to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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When he entered upon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in the mosque,

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he recited: "O Lord! I am reminding Muhammad of

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the ancient alliance between our father and his father.

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You were once children and we were parents,

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then we embraced Islam and never withdrew our hand.

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So grant us victory—may Allah guide you—with a decisive triumph,

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and call upon the servants of Allah to come as reinforcements,

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among whom is the Messenger of Allah, ready for battle,

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noble and white as the full moon, rising ever higher.

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If he is offered injustice, his face darkens with indignation,

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leading a massive army that surges like a foaming sea.

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Truly, Quraysh broke their promise to you,

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and violated your firmly established treaty.

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They set an ambush against me regarding you,

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claiming that I could call upon no one,

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while they are lower and fewer in number!

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They attacked us at al-Watir while we were sleeping at night,

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and slew us while we were bowing and prostrating!"

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Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

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"You shall be granted victory, O 'Amr Ibn Salim!"

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Now, the chain of transmission for this story contains weakness,

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yet the scholars of the Prophetic biography (Seerah) unanimously recorded it.

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Not everything in the Prophetic biography

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possesses an authentic chain of transmission;

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for this reason, the scholars have noted

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that leniency is permitted regarding the Seerah,

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provided that no legal rulings or creedal tenets are established upon it.

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Quraysh sensed the gravity of their misdeed and treachery,

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so they were compelled to send their leader, Abu Sufyan, as their representative

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to renew the treaty with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

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in order to restore the sanctity of the breached pact.

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*Treasures of the Seerah*

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A stance of faith:

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Abu Sufyan arrived in Medina

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and went in to see his daughter, Umm Habibah.

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When he went to sit on the bedding of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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she folded it away from him.

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He said, "O my daughter,

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do you think this bedding is too good for me,

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or that I am too good for this bedding?"

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Meaning: "Did you move the bedding out of honor for me,

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or did you move it to honor the bedding above me?"

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She replied:

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"This is the bedding of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

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and you are an impure polytheist!"

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He said:

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"By Allah, evil has overcome you since you left me!"

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The chain of transmission for this story is weak,

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yet it is not improbable that it actually occurred.

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Abu Sufyan then left his daughter's presence

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and came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to speak with him,

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but the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave him no reply.

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So he went to Abu Bakr and asked him

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to intercede on his behalf with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

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but he said:

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"I shall not do so."

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Then he came to 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab and spoke to him,

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and 'Umar said:

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"Should I intercede for you with the Messenger of Allah?

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By Allah, even if I found nothing to fight you with except tiny ants,

00:13:52.019 --> 00:13:54.019
I would wage jihad against you with them!"

00:13:54.019 --> 00:13:56.019
Then Abu Sufyan came

00:13:56.019 --> 00:13:59.019
and entered upon 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib,

00:13:59.019 --> 00:14:01.019
in whose presence was Fatimah.

00:14:01.019 --> 00:14:02.019
He said:

00:14:02.019 --> 00:14:04.019
"O 'Ali,

00:14:04.019 --> 00:14:07.019
you are the closest of people to me in kinship,

00:14:07.019 --> 00:14:09.019
and I have come for a need,

00:14:09.019 --> 00:14:12.019
so do not turn me away empty-handed as I came!

00:14:12.019 --> 00:14:14.019
Intercede for me with Muhammad."

00:14:14.019 --> 00:14:16.019
'Ali said:

00:14:16.019 --> 00:14:18.019
"Woe to you, O Abu Sufyan!

00:14:18.019 --> 00:14:23.019
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) has resolved upon a matter,

00:14:23.019 --> 00:14:26.179
and we cannot speak to him regarding it."

00:14:26.179 --> 00:14:32.179
This reflects the exemplary etiquette of 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) toward the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

00:14:32.179 --> 00:14:36.179
Abu Sufyan then turned to Fatimah and said:

00:14:36.179 --> 00:14:38.179
"Would you ask this son of yours"—

00:14:38.179 --> 00:14:41.179
meaning al-Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him)—

00:14:41.179 --> 00:14:43.179
"to grant protection among the people,

00:14:43.179 --> 00:14:47.179
so that he may become the master of the Arabs until the end of time?"

00:14:47.179 --> 00:14:48.179
She replied:

00:14:48.179 --> 00:14:53.179
"By Allah, my son is not old enough to grant protection among the people,

00:14:53.179 --> 00:14:58.179
consider these noble words spoken by Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her)—

00:14:58.179 --> 00:15:04.470
and no one can grant protection against the wish of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)."

00:15:04.470 --> 00:15:07.470
When Abu Sufyan despaired, he said:

00:15:07.470 --> 00:15:09.470
"O Abu al-Hasan,

00:15:09.470 --> 00:15:12.470
I see that matters have become dire for me,

00:15:12.470 --> 00:15:13.470
so advise me."

00:15:13.470 --> 00:15:15.470
'Ali said:

00:15:15.470 --> 00:15:18.470
"By Allah, I know of nothing that will be of any avail to you,

00:15:18.470 --> 00:15:21.470
but you are the chief of Banu Kinanah,

00:15:21.470 --> 00:15:23.470
so stand up and proclaim protection among the people,

00:15:23.470 --> 00:15:25.470
then return to your land."

00:15:25.470 --> 00:15:26.470
He asked:

00:15:26.470 --> 00:15:30.470
"Do you think that will be of any avail to me?"

00:15:30.470 --> 00:15:31.470
He replied:

00:15:31.470 --> 00:15:33.470
"No, by Allah, I do not think so,

00:15:33.470 --> 00:15:36.470
but I can find no other course for you."

00:15:36.470 --> 00:15:39.600
So Abu Sufyan stood in the mosque and declared:

00:15:39.600 --> 00:15:41.600
"O people,

00:15:41.600 --> 00:15:44.600
I have granted protection among the people!"

00:15:44.600 --> 00:15:47.600
Then he mounted his camel and departed.

00:15:47.600 --> 00:15:49.600
When he arrived back before Quraysh,

00:15:49.600 --> 00:15:51.600
they asked, "What news do you bring?"

00:15:51.600 --> 00:15:52.600
He said:

00:15:52.600 --> 00:15:55.600
"I went to Muhammad and spoke to him,

00:15:55.600 --> 00:15:58.600
but by Allah, he gave me no response at all.

00:15:58.600 --> 00:16:00.600
Then I went to the son of Abu Quhafah,

00:16:00.600 --> 00:16:02.600
but I found no good in him.

00:16:02.600 --> 00:16:05.600
Then I went to 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab,

00:16:05.600 --> 00:16:07.600
and I found him to be the most hostile of enemies.

00:16:07.600 --> 00:16:11.600
Then I went to 'Ali, and I found him to be the most lenient of the group;

00:16:11.600 --> 00:16:14.600
he suggested something to me, and I did it,

00:16:14.600 --> 00:16:16.600
though by Allah, I do not know

00:16:16.600 --> 00:16:19.600
whether it will be of any avail to me or not."

00:16:19.600 --> 00:16:21.600
They asked, "And what did he command you to do?"

00:16:21.600 --> 00:16:22.600
He replied:

00:16:22.600 --> 00:16:25.600
"He instructed me to proclaim protection among the people,

00:16:25.600 --> 00:16:26.600
so I did so."

00:16:26.600 --> 00:16:27.600
They asked:

00:16:27.600 --> 00:16:30.600
"Did Muhammad ratify that?"

00:16:30.600 --> 00:16:31.600
He said, "No."

00:16:31.600 --> 00:16:33.600
They said, "Woe to you!

00:16:33.600 --> 00:16:36.600
The man did nothing more than play with you!"

00:16:36.600 --> 00:16:37.600
He said:

00:16:37.600 --> 00:16:40.600
"No, by Allah, I found no alternative to this."

00:16:40.600 --> 00:16:44.820
At that point, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave his order

00:16:45.820 --> 00:16:46.820
and prayed:

00:16:46.820 --> 00:16:50.820
"O Allah, withhold intelligence and news from Quraysh,

00:16:50.820 --> 00:16:53.820
so that we may take them by surprise in their own land."

00:16:53.820 --> 00:16:56.820
*Treasures of the Seerah*