WEBVTT 00:00:00.140 --> 00:00:03.660 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:03.660 --> 00:00:13.179 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 00:00:13.179 --> 00:00:17.660 The Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah), 00:00:17.660 --> 00:00:22.899 Authored by Shaykh Musa ibn Rashid al-'Azimi, 00:00:22.899 --> 00:00:25.059 May Allah preserve him. 00:00:25.059 --> 00:00:35.219 The Mobilization of the Muslims by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to Battle the Romans 00:00:36.899 --> 00:00:42.259 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) summoned the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) 00:00:42.259 --> 00:00:46.530 And the surrounding Bedouin Arabs to prepare for the expedition against the Romans. 00:00:46.530 --> 00:00:50.049 It was his customary practice (peace be upon him) 00:00:50.049 --> 00:00:54.530 That whenever he intended an expedition, he would use ambiguity to conceal his real objective, 00:00:54.530 --> 00:00:56.530 Except for two expeditions: 00:00:56.530 --> 00:00:58.530 The Battle of Khaybar, 00:00:58.530 --> 00:01:02.450 Because Allah had explicitly promised him its conquest in the text of the Qur'an; 00:01:02.450 --> 00:01:04.209 And the Expedition of Tabuk, 00:01:04.209 --> 00:01:05.730 So that they might properly prepare 00:01:05.730 --> 00:01:08.290 Because of the formidable strength and vast numbers of their enemy, 00:01:08.290 --> 00:01:11.489 As well as the immense distance and the scorching heat. 00:01:11.489 --> 00:01:14.689 The two Shaykhs [al-Bukhari and Muslim] narrated in their Sahihs 00:01:14.689 --> 00:01:18.290 On the authority of Ka'b ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:01:18.290 --> 00:01:25.409 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) rarely set out on an expedition without disguising his real objective, 00:01:25.409 --> 00:01:27.890 Until that expedition arrived"— 00:01:27.890 --> 00:01:29.890 Meaning the Expedition of Tabuk— 00:01:29.890 --> 00:01:34.849 "Which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) undertook in intense heat, 00:01:35.010 --> 00:01:40.049 Facing a distant journey, perilous deserts, and a formidable enemy. 00:01:40.049 --> 00:01:44.930 So he clarified the matter to the Muslims so that they might fully prepare for their campaign, 00:01:44.930 --> 00:01:48.579 And informed them of the specific direction he intended." 00:01:48.579 --> 00:01:52.500 The very first portion of the Qur'an revealed regarding the Expedition of Tabuk 00:01:52.500 --> 00:01:54.500 Was the saying of Allah the Exalted: 00:01:54.500 --> 00:02:02.420 “O ye who believe! What aileth you that when it is said unto you: Go forth in the way of Allah, ye are bowed down to the ground with heaviness. Take ye pleasure in the life of the world rather than in the Hereafter? The comfort of the life of the world is but little in the Hereafter.” (9:38) 00:02:02.500 --> 00:02:10.500 “O ye who believe! What aileth you that when it is said unto you: Go forth in the way of Allah, ye are bowed down to the ground with heaviness. Take ye pleasure in the life of the world rather than in the Hereafter? The comfort of the life of the world is but little in the Hereafter.” (9:38) 00:02:10.500 --> 00:02:17.460 “O ye who believe! What aileth you that when it is said unto you: Go forth in the way of Allah, ye are bowed down to the ground with heaviness. Take ye pleasure in the life of the world rather than in the Hereafter? The comfort of the life of the world is but little in the Hereafter.” (9:38) 00:02:17.460 --> 00:02:22.659 “If ye go not forth He will afflict you with a painful doom, and will choose instead of you a folk other than you. Ye cannot harm Him at all. Allah is Able to do all things.” (9:39) 00:02:22.659 --> 00:02:28.659 "And He will replace you with another people, 00:02:28.659 --> 00:02:30.659 And you will not harm Him at all; 00:02:30.659 --> 00:02:36.659 And Allah is over all things competent." 00:02:36.659 --> 00:02:39.330 Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said: 00:02:39.330 --> 00:02:46.849 "This marks the beginning of the censure directed at those who stayed behind from accompanying the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) in the Expedition of Tabuk, 00:02:46.849 --> 00:02:50.849 At a time when the fruits had ripened and shade was most pleasant amid blistering heat 00:02:50.849 --> 00:02:52.849 And the height of summer's drought"— 00:02:52.849 --> 00:02:56.990 Meaning the sheer extremity of the heat. 00:02:56.990 --> 00:03:02.990 The Prophet's Urging of Financial Contributions for the Army of Hardship (Jaysh al-'Usrah) 00:03:02.990 --> 00:03:11.629 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) called upon the people to provide funds and mounts for the Army of Hardship, 00:03:11.629 --> 00:03:17.629 Whereupon the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) vied with one another in spending in the path of Allah for this army. 00:03:17.629 --> 00:03:19.789 Ibn Ishaq said: 00:03:19.789 --> 00:03:25.789 "Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) became resolute in his expedition, 00:03:25.789 --> 00:03:27.789 Ordering the people to equip themselves and make ready with utmost diligence, 00:03:27.789 --> 00:03:31.789 And urging the wealthy to spend and provide mounts in the cause of Allah. 00:03:31.789 --> 00:03:35.789 Thereupon, men of wealth provided mounts, seeking their reward with Allah." 00:03:35.789 --> 00:03:41.710 The Foremost Companions Competing in Giving 00:03:41.710 --> 00:03:48.349 The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) raced to contribute toward the Army of Hardship, 00:03:48.349 --> 00:03:54.349 For this was ever their habit: striving eagerly for matters of the Hereafter. 00:03:54.349 --> 00:04:00.349 Here are some of the monumental contributions made by certain Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). 00:04:00.349 --> 00:04:05.379 The Competition Between Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) 00:04:05.379 --> 00:04:10.639 Imam al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, and al-Hakim narrated with a good chain of transmission 00:04:10.639 --> 00:04:14.639 On the authority of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:04:14.639 --> 00:04:20.670 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded us one day to give in charity, 00:04:20.670 --> 00:04:22.670 And that coincided with some wealth I possessed. 00:04:22.670 --> 00:04:28.670 So I said: 'Today I shall outstrip Abu Bakr, if ever I am to outstrip him.' 00:04:28.670 --> 00:04:30.670 So I brought half of my wealth, 00:04:30.670 --> 00:04:34.670 And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) asked: 00:04:34.670 --> 00:04:36.670 'What have you left for your family?' 00:04:36.670 --> 00:04:38.670 I replied: 'An equal amount.' 00:04:38.670 --> 00:04:42.860 He said: 'Then Abu Bakr arrived with everything he possessed, 00:04:42.860 --> 00:04:46.860 And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) asked: 00:04:46.860 --> 00:04:48.860 'What have you left for your family?' 00:04:48.860 --> 00:04:52.860 He replied: 'I have left them Allah and His Messenger.' 00:04:52.860 --> 00:04:57.860 Thereupon I said: 'I shall never compete with you in anything again.'" 00:04:57.860 --> 00:05:00.019 Imam Ibn al-Jawzi said: 00:05:00.019 --> 00:05:03.019 "If an uninformed person objects, saying: 00:05:03.019 --> 00:05:07.019 'Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) gave away his entire wealth!' 00:05:07.019 --> 00:05:09.019 Then the response is: 00:05:09.019 --> 00:05:13.019 Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had active sources of livelihood and trade, 00:05:13.019 --> 00:05:15.019 So even if he gave away all his capital, 00:05:15.019 --> 00:05:19.019 He had the credit to borrow against it and sustain himself. 00:05:19.019 --> 00:05:22.019 Thus, whoever is in such a position, 00:05:22.019 --> 00:05:25.569 His giving away of all his wealth is not to be blameworthy." 00:05:25.569 --> 00:05:30.860 The Contribution of 'Uthman ibn 'Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:05:30.860 --> 00:05:32.860 Ibn Ishaq said: 00:05:32.860 --> 00:05:37.860 "And 'Uthman ibn 'Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) contributed an immense sum on that occasion, 00:05:37.860 --> 00:05:40.860 The likes of which no one else matched." 00:05:40.860 --> 00:05:46.949 Imam Ahmad narrated in his Musnad and al-Tirmidhi in his Jami' with a good chain of transmission 00:05:46.949 --> 00:05:50.949 On the authority of 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:05:50.949 --> 00:05:56.949 "'Uthman ibn 'Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:05:56.949 --> 00:05:58.949 With a thousand dinars in the fold of his garment, 00:05:58.949 --> 00:06:03.949 When the Prophet (peace be upon him) was equipping the Army of Hardship, 00:06:03.949 --> 00:06:09.079 And poured them into the lap of the Prophet (peace be upon him). 00:06:09.079 --> 00:06:15.110 The Prophet (peace be upon him) began turning them over with his hand, saying: 00:06:15.110 --> 00:06:18.769 'Nothing that Ibn 'Affan does after this day will harm him!' 00:06:18.769 --> 00:06:21.110 Repeating it over and over." 00:06:21.110 --> 00:06:24.990 The Contribution of 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf 00:06:24.990 --> 00:06:27.500 May Allah be pleased with him. 00:06:27.500 --> 00:06:33.500 Scholarly reports vary regarding the exact expenditure of 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) toward the Army of Hardship. 00:06:33.500 --> 00:06:37.600 Al-Hafiz [Ibn Hajar] cited several reports on this in Fath al-Bari, 00:06:37.600 --> 00:06:39.100 Then stated: 00:06:39.100 --> 00:06:45.899 "There is considerable variance regarding the exact amount brought by 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:06:45.899 --> 00:06:49.899 But the soundest transmission on the matter specifies eight thousand dirhams." 00:06:49.899 --> 00:06:55.439 Multiple Individuals Donating a Measure of a Sa' 00:06:55.439 --> 00:06:58.889 The two Shaykhs narrated in their Sahihs 00:06:58.889 --> 00:07:03.889 On the authority of Abu Mas'ud 'Uqbah ibn 'Amr al-Badri (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:07:03.889 --> 00:07:06.889 "When we were commanded to give charity, 00:07:06.889 --> 00:07:08.889 We used to work as porters, 00:07:08.889 --> 00:07:11.889 Carrying loads on our backs for wages, 00:07:11.889 --> 00:07:14.889 And give charity from those modest earnings, 00:07:14.889 --> 00:07:16.889 Or donate the entire wage itself. 00:07:16.889 --> 00:07:19.920 Then Abu 'Aqil brought half a sa' [of dates], 00:07:19.920 --> 00:07:22.920 While another man brought an amount larger than that. 00:07:22.920 --> 00:07:24.920 Thereupon the hypocrites scoffed: 00:07:24.920 --> 00:07:27.920 'Allah is surely free of need from this one's meager charity!' 00:07:27.920 --> 00:07:31.920 And: 'That other person only gave out of ostentation!' 00:07:31.920 --> 00:07:33.920 So Allah revealed: 00:07:33.920 --> 00:07:39.920 'Those who criticize the voluntary contributors among the believers concerning their charities...' 00:07:39.920 --> 00:07:43.920 “Those who point at such of the believers as give the alms willingly and such as can find naught to give but their endeavours, and deride them - Allah (Himself) derideth them. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (9:79) 00:07:43.920 --> 00:07:47.920 “Those who point at such of the believers as give the alms willingly and such as can find naught to give but their endeavours, and deride them - Allah (Himself) derideth them. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (9:79) 00:07:47.920 --> 00:07:51.920 “Those who point at such of the believers as give the alms willingly and such as can find naught to give but their endeavours, and deride them - Allah (Himself) derideth them. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (9:79) 00:07:51.920 --> 00:07:54.920 '...and for them is a painful punishment.'" 00:07:54.920 --> 00:07:57.300 In Sahih Muslim, 00:07:57.300 --> 00:08:01.300 In the account of the repentance of Ka'b ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:08:01.300 --> 00:08:04.300 Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 00:08:04.300 --> 00:08:06.300 "While he was thus engaged"— 00:08:06.300 --> 00:08:09.300 Referring to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)— 00:08:09.300 --> 00:08:12.300 "On his way to Tabuk, 00:08:12.300 --> 00:08:16.300 He caught sight of a man clad in white emerging through the shimmering mirage, 00:08:16.300 --> 00:08:20.300 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:08:20.300 --> 00:08:22.300 'Be Abu Khaythamah!' 00:08:22.300 --> 00:08:26.459 And indeed, it was Abu Khaythamah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:08:26.459 --> 00:08:29.459 He was the one who had contributed the single sa' of dates 00:08:29.459 --> 00:08:32.590 When the hypocrites derided him." 00:08:32.590 --> 00:08:34.590 Al-Hafiz said in Fath al-Bari: 00:08:34.590 --> 00:08:38.590 "This indicates that more than one person had brought a single sa', 00:08:38.590 --> 00:08:41.590 Corroborated by the fact that most narrations mention 00:08:41.590 --> 00:08:44.590 That he brought one sa'. 00:08:44.590 --> 00:08:46.590 Similarly, it occurred in the Book of Zakat 00:08:46.590 --> 00:08:49.590 That a man came and gave one sa' in charity, 00:08:49.590 --> 00:08:52.590 Whereas in the primary hadith of this chapter, 00:08:52.590 --> 00:08:55.590 Abu 'Aqil brought half a sa'." 00:08:55.590 --> 00:09:03.059 Allah the Exalted's Rebuking of the Bedouins and the Hypocrites 00:09:03.059 --> 00:09:09.639 A group of hypocrites came asking the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) for leave 00:09:09.639 --> 00:09:11.639 To stay behind without any valid excuse, 00:09:11.639 --> 00:09:13.639 And he granted them permission; 00:09:13.639 --> 00:09:16.639 They numbered eighty-odd men. 00:09:16.639 --> 00:09:20.669 “And those among the wandering Arabs who had an excuse came in order that permission might be granted them. And those who lied to Allah and His messenger sat at home. A painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (9:90) 00:09:20.669 --> 00:09:23.669 They offered their excuses to him, but Allah did not accept their excuses, 00:09:23.669 --> 00:09:26.669 And they were eighty-two men. 00:09:26.669 --> 00:09:29.669 So Allah revealed concerning them: 00:09:29.669 --> 00:09:36.669 “Had it been a near adventure and an easy journey they had followed thee, but the distance seemed too far for them. Yet will they swear by Allah (saying): If we had been able we would surely have set out with you. They destroy their souls, and Allah knoweth that they verily are liars.” (9:42) 00:09:36.669 --> 00:09:40.669 “Had it been a near adventure and an easy journey they had followed thee, but the distance seemed too far for them. Yet will they swear by Allah (saying): If we had been able we would surely have set out with you. They destroy their souls, and Allah knoweth that they verily are liars.” (9:42) 00:09:40.669 --> 00:09:46.669 “Had it been a near adventure and an easy journey they had followed thee, but the distance seemed too far for them. Yet will they swear by Allah (saying): If we had been able we would surely have set out with you. They destroy their souls, and Allah knoweth that they verily are liars.” (9:42) 00:09:46.669 --> 00:09:53.669 “Had it been a near adventure and an easy journey they had followed thee, but the distance seemed too far for them. Yet will they swear by Allah (saying): If we had been able we would surely have set out with you. They destroy their souls, and Allah knoweth that they verily are liars.” (9:42) 00:09:53.669 --> 00:09:56.799 Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said: 00:09:56.799 --> 00:10:02.799 "Allah the Exalted says, rebuking those who stayed behind from following the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:10:02.799 --> 00:10:04.799 In the Expedition of Tabuk, 00:10:04.799 --> 00:10:07.799 Remaining behind after asking his permission, 00:10:07.799 --> 00:10:11.799 Feigning to have valid excuses when they were nothing of the sort. 00:10:11.799 --> 00:10:13.799 So He said: 00:10:13.799 --> 00:10:17.799 “Had it been a near adventure and an easy journey they had followed thee, but the distance seemed too far for them. Yet will they swear by Allah (saying): If we had been able we would surely have set out with you. They destroy their souls, and Allah knoweth that they verily are liars.” (9:42) 00:10:17.799 --> 00:10:19.799 Meaning: close at hand, 00:10:19.799 --> 00:10:21.799 'They would have followed you'— 00:10:21.799 --> 00:10:24.799 Meaning: they would have marched alongside you for such gain— 00:10:24.799 --> 00:10:27.799 “Had it been a near adventure and an easy journey they had followed thee, but the distance seemed too far for them. Yet will they swear by Allah (saying): If we had been able we would surely have set out with you. They destroy their souls, and Allah knoweth that they verily are liars.” (9:42) 00:10:27.799 --> 00:10:30.799 Meaning: the arduous trek to the Levant. 00:10:30.799 --> 00:10:32.799 'And they will swear by Allah'— 00:10:32.799 --> 00:10:35.799 Meaning: to you, when you return to them— 00:10:35.799 --> 00:10:38.799 “Had it been a near adventure and an easy journey they had followed thee, but the distance seemed too far for them. Yet will they swear by Allah (saying): If we had been able we would surely have set out with you. They destroy their souls, and Allah knoweth that they verily are liars.” (9:42) 00:10:38.799 --> 00:10:43.860 Meaning: 'Had we not had genuine excuses, we would have gone forth with you.' 00:10:43.860 --> 00:10:45.860 Allah the Exalted said: 00:10:45.860 --> 00:10:52.090 “Had it been a near adventure and an easy journey they had followed thee, but the distance seemed too far for them. Yet will they swear by Allah (saying): If we had been able we would surely have set out with you. They destroy their souls, and Allah knoweth that they verily are liars.” (9:42) 00:10:52.090 --> 00:10:57.090 And Allah, Glorified and Exalted, admonished His Messenger (peace be upon him) 00:10:57.090 --> 00:10:59.090 With a gentle admonition, 00:10:59.090 --> 00:11:01.090 Whereupon the Exalted said: 00:11:01.090 --> 00:11:04.090 'May Allah pardon you! Why did you grant them leave...' 00:11:04.090 --> 00:11:13.340 “Allah forgive thee (O Muhammad)! Wherefor didst thou grant them leave ere those who told the truth were manifest to thee and thou didst know the liars?” (9:43) 00:11:13.340 --> 00:11:16.340 Imam Ibn Jarir al-Tabari said: 00:11:16.340 --> 00:11:19.340 "This is a censure from Allah, exalted be His mention, 00:11:19.340 --> 00:11:26.340 Wherewith He admonished His Prophet (peace be upon him) for having granted permission to those hypocrites who sought leave to stay behind, 00:11:26.340 --> 00:11:31.340 At the time he set out for Tabuk to battle the Romans." 00:11:31.340 --> 00:11:38.200 The Remaining Behind of a Number of Sincere Companions 00:11:38.200 --> 00:11:45.220 Then the expedition was firmly underway for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and he resolved to march, 00:11:45.220 --> 00:11:52.220 Yet there was a small group among the Muslims whose resolution slackened regarding accompanying the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:11:52.220 --> 00:11:56.220 Until they stayed behind without harboring any doubt or skepticism: 00:11:56.220 --> 00:12:01.220 Among them were Ka'b ibn Malik, Murarah ibn al-Rabi', 00:12:01.220 --> 00:12:06.220 Hilal ibn Umayyah, and Abu Lubabah Bashir ibn 'Abd al-Mundhir. 00:12:06.220 --> 00:12:11.220 They were men of genuine faith whose Islam was beyond suspicion. 00:12:11.220 --> 00:12:16.740 The Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah). 00:12:16.740 --> 00:12:22.740 Though the longings of all creation for one another may endure, 00:12:22.740 --> 00:12:29.960 The yearning directed toward you surpasses all measure; 00:12:29.960 --> 00:12:36.500 May Allah send blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised, 00:12:36.500 --> 00:12:45.529 And whenever lips move in continuous remembrance.