1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,399 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:03,399 --> 00:00:08,589 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:08,589 --> 00:00:14,109 Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammar. 4 00:00:14,109 --> 00:00:16,510 Surah al-Ma'idah. 5 00:00:16,510 --> 00:00:22,420 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:22,420 --> 00:00:28,820 “Allah hath appointed the Ka'bah, the Sacred House, a standard for mankind, and the Sacred Month and the offerings and the garlands. That is so that ye may know that Allah knoweth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and that Allah is Knower of all things.” (5:97) 7 00:00:28,820 --> 00:00:37,219 “Allah hath appointed the Ka'bah, the Sacred House, a standard for mankind, and the Sacred Month and the offerings and the garlands. That is so that ye may know that Allah knoweth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and that Allah is Knower of all things.” (5:97) 8 00:00:37,219 --> 00:00:49,219 “Allah hath appointed the Ka'bah, the Sacred House, a standard for mankind, and the Sacred Month and the offerings and the garlands. That is so that ye may know that Allah knoweth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and that Allah is Knower of all things.” (5:97) 9 00:00:49,219 --> 00:00:55,890 “Allah hath appointed the Ka'bah, the Sacred House, a standard for mankind, and the Sacred Month and the offerings and the garlands. That is so that ye may know that Allah knoweth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and that Allah is Knower of all things.” (5:97) 10 00:00:55,890 --> 00:01:00,289 Allah has made the Ka'bah, the Sacred House, a source of stability for the people. 11 00:01:00,289 --> 00:01:02,689 As well as the Sacred Month, the sacrificial animals, and the garlands. 12 00:01:02,689 --> 00:01:06,489 Stability for a thing is that which ensures its well-being. 13 00:01:06,489 --> 00:01:09,489 Like a great king who is the stability for his subjects. 14 00:01:09,489 --> 00:01:12,090 Because he is the one who manages their affairs. 15 00:01:12,090 --> 00:01:17,489 Likewise, the Ka'bah, the Sacred Month, the sacrificial animals, and the garlands. 16 00:01:17,489 --> 00:01:20,489 Were the stability for the affairs of the Arabs during the Age of Ignorance. 17 00:01:20,489 --> 00:01:25,379 And in Islam, they are for its people the landmarks of their Hajj and their prayers. 18 00:01:25,379 --> 00:01:32,579 He has ordained that for you so that you may know that Allah knows all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth. 19 00:01:32,579 --> 00:01:37,000 And so that you may know that He is All-Knowing of everything. 20 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:47,079 “Know that Allah is severe in punishment, but that Allah (also) is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:98) 21 00:01:47,079 --> 00:01:49,280 Know, O people. 22 00:01:49,280 --> 00:01:53,079 That your Lord is severe in punishment toward those who disobey Him. 23 00:01:53,079 --> 00:01:56,280 And He is Forgiving of the sins of those who turn to Him in repentance. 24 00:01:56,280 --> 00:02:00,680 And He is Merciful, in that He does not hasten to punish them for their past sins. 25 00:02:00,680 --> 00:02:05,260 The Messenger is not responsible for anything but the conveyance of the message. 26 00:02:05,260 --> 00:02:13,020 And Allah knows what you reveal and what you conceal. 27 00:02:13,020 --> 00:02:17,819 Our Messenger has no duty other than to deliver our message to you. 28 00:02:17,819 --> 00:02:21,419 Then, the reward is with Us, and the punishment is Our responsibility. 29 00:02:21,659 --> 00:02:25,659 Nothing that any of you does is hidden from Us. 30 00:02:25,659 --> 00:02:29,860 Whether you manifest it through your actions or speak it with your tongues. 31 00:02:29,860 --> 00:02:35,000 Or what you conceal within yourselves of faith or disbelief. 32 00:02:35,000 --> 00:02:42,599 “Say: The evil and the good are not alike even though the plenty of the evil attract thee. So be mindful of your duty to Allah, O men of understanding, that ye may succeed.” (5:100) 33 00:02:42,599 --> 00:02:50,110 “Say: The evil and the good are not alike even though the plenty of the evil attract thee. So be mindful of your duty to Allah, O men of understanding, that ye may succeed.” (5:100) 34 00:02:50,110 --> 00:02:54,310 Say, O Muhammad, the evil and the good are not equal. 35 00:02:54,310 --> 00:02:57,710 Even if the abundance of the people of sin impresses you. 36 00:02:57,710 --> 00:03:01,110 So fear Allah, O people of intellect and discernment. 37 00:03:01,110 --> 00:03:05,060 So that you may succeed in attaining what He has. 38 00:03:05,060 --> 00:03:11,659 “O ye who believe! Ask not of things which, if they were made unto you, would trouble you; but if ye ask of them when the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made known unto you. Allah pardoneth this, for Allah is Forgiving, Clement.” (5:101) 39 00:03:11,659 --> 00:03:19,060 If they are made plain to you, they will distress you; do not ask about things. 40 00:03:19,060 --> 00:03:25,060 If they are made plain to you, they will distress you, and if you ask about them. 41 00:03:25,060 --> 00:03:31,259 While the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made plain to you; Allah has pardoned them. 42 00:03:31,259 --> 00:03:37,159 And Allah is Forgiving, Forbearing. 43 00:03:37,360 --> 00:03:43,159 It is mentioned that this verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 44 00:03:43,159 --> 00:03:47,360 Because of questions that certain groups used to ask him. 45 00:03:47,360 --> 00:03:51,759 Sometimes to test him, and sometimes in mockery. 46 00:03:51,759 --> 00:03:55,159 Some would say to him, "Who is my father?" 47 00:03:55,159 --> 00:03:58,960 And some would say to him, when their camel went missing. 48 00:03:58,960 --> 00:04:00,759 "Where is my camel?" 49 00:04:00,759 --> 00:04:04,960 “O ye who believe! Ask not of things which, if they were made unto you, would trouble you; but if ye ask of them when the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made known unto you. Allah pardoneth this, for Allah is Forgiving, Clement.” (5:101) 50 00:04:04,960 --> 00:04:08,560 If We were to reveal to you the reality of what you ask about. 51 00:04:08,560 --> 00:04:10,960 Its revelation would distress you. 52 00:04:10,960 --> 00:04:15,759 Because the revelation only comes to you with that which tests you. 53 00:04:15,759 --> 00:04:17,759 Either by making an action obligatory. 54 00:04:17,759 --> 00:04:22,160 Or by prohibiting something that, had it not been prohibited by revelation. 55 00:04:22,160 --> 00:04:24,160 You would have been at liberty to do. 56 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:31,160 Allah has pardoned you for your questions about things that Allah disliked for you to ask about. 57 00:04:31,160 --> 00:04:34,759 And Allah is the Concealer of the sins of those who repent from them. 58 00:04:34,759 --> 00:04:39,050 Forbearing, in that He does not punish them for them. 59 00:04:39,050 --> 00:04:49,050 “A folk before you asked (for such disclosures) and then disbelieved therein.” (5:102) 60 00:04:49,050 --> 00:04:51,660 Do not ask about the signs. 61 00:04:51,660 --> 00:04:55,660 And do not search for things that, if they were made plain to you, would distress you. 62 00:04:55,660 --> 00:04:59,660 For a people before you asked about the signs. 63 00:04:59,660 --> 00:05:04,009 Then, when they were given them, they became disbelievers in them. 64 00:05:04,009 --> 00:05:22,009 “Allah hath not appointed anything in the nature of a Bahirah or a Sa'ibah or a Wasilah or a Hami, but those who disbelieve invent a lie against Allah. Most of them have no sense.” (5:103) 65 00:05:22,009 --> 00:05:29,009 “Allah hath not appointed anything in the nature of a Bahirah or a Sa'ibah or a Wasilah or a Hami, but those who disbelieve invent a lie against Allah. Most of them have no sense.” (5:103) 66 00:05:29,009 --> 00:05:33,009 And most of them do not reason. 67 00:05:34,649 --> 00:05:42,649 Allah has not instituted a Bahirah, nor a Sa'ibah, nor a Wasilah, nor a Hami. 68 00:05:42,649 --> 00:05:47,649 Rather, it is you who have done that, O disbelievers. 69 00:05:47,649 --> 00:05:50,649 So you prohibited them, fabricating lies against your Lord. 70 00:05:50,649 --> 00:05:55,649 And most of them do not understand that this prohibition is a lie and falsehood. 71 00:05:55,649 --> 00:06:00,709 As for the Bahirah, it is the one whose ear was slit. 72 00:06:00,709 --> 00:06:06,810 The Sa'ibah is the one set free and left alone, and the Wasilah. 73 00:06:06,810 --> 00:06:13,810 It is the female among their livestock in the Age of Ignorance; if she gave birth to a male and a female. 74 00:06:13,810 --> 00:06:19,810 It was said that the female had joined her brother by sparing him from slaughter. 75 00:06:19,810 --> 00:06:25,810 The Hami is the stallion camel that is protected from being ridden. 76 00:06:25,810 --> 00:06:30,420 Because of the succession of offspring resulting from his stud. 77 00:06:30,420 --> 00:06:37,420 And when it is said to them, "Come to what Allah has revealed and to the Messenger." 78 00:06:37,420 --> 00:06:47,420 “And when it is said unto them: Come unto that which Allah hath revealed and unto the messenger, they say: Enough for us is that wherein we found our fathers. What! Even though their fathers had no knowledge whatsoever, and no guidance?” (5:104) 79 00:06:47,420 --> 00:06:57,420 “And when it is said unto them: Come unto that which Allah hath revealed and unto the messenger, they say: Enough for us is that wherein we found our fathers. What! Even though their fathers had no knowledge whatsoever, and no guidance?” (5:104) 80 00:06:57,420 --> 00:07:04,930 And when it is said to these people, "Come to the revelation of Allah and the verses of His Book, and to His Messenger." 81 00:07:04,930 --> 00:07:09,930 So that the falsehood of your claims regarding what you attribute to Allah may be made clear to you. 82 00:07:09,930 --> 00:07:17,930 They respond by saying, "Sufficient for us is that which we found our forefathers practicing." 83 00:07:17,930 --> 00:07:25,930 Even if the forefathers of these people did not know that what they attributed to Allah. 84 00:07:25,930 --> 00:07:32,930 Regarding the prohibition of the Bahirah, the Sa'ibah, the Wasilah, and the Hami, was a lie and a fabrication against Allah. 85 00:07:32,930 --> 00:07:38,930 Nor were they upon guidance or truth in what they were practicing of that. 86 00:07:38,930 --> 00:07:41,930 Rather, they were upon misguidance and error. 87 00:07:41,930 --> 00:07:55,410 “O ye who believe! Ye have charge of your own souls. He who erreth cannot injure you if ye are rightly guided. Unto Allah ye will all return; and then He will inform you of what ye used to do.” (5:105) 88 00:07:55,410 --> 00:08:05,410 “O ye who believe! Ye have charge of your own souls. He who erreth cannot injure you if ye are rightly guided. Unto Allah ye will all return; and then He will inform you of what ye used to do.” (5:105) 89 00:08:05,410 --> 00:08:11,209 O you who have believed, you are responsible for yourselves; so rectify them. 90 00:08:11,209 --> 00:08:16,209 For those who disbelieve and follow a path other than the truth will not harm you. 91 00:08:16,209 --> 00:08:20,209 If you are guided and believe in your Lord. 92 00:08:20,209 --> 00:08:24,209 And obey Him in what He has commanded you and what He has forbidden you. 93 00:08:25,209 --> 00:08:28,209 So you prohibit what He has prohibited and permit what He has permitted. 94 00:08:28,209 --> 00:08:36,210 And you fulfill regarding those who have gone astray among the people what Allah has obligated upon you of enjoining good and forbidding evil. 95 00:08:36,210 --> 00:08:41,210 To Allah is your return in the Hereafter, O all you believers. 96 00:08:41,210 --> 00:08:46,210 Then He will inform every group there of what they used to do in the world. 97 00:08:46,210 --> 00:08:49,210 Then He will recompense them for their deeds. 98 00:08:49,210 --> 00:08:56,500 “O ye who believe! Let there be witnesses between you when death draweth nigh unto one of you, at the time of bequest - two witnesses, just men from among you, or two others from another tribe, in case ye are campaigning in the land and the calamity of death befall you. Ye shall empanel them both after the prayer, and, if ye doubt, they shall be made to swear by Allah (saying): We will not take a bribe, even though it were (on behalf of) a near kinsman nor will we hide the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we should be of the sinful.” (5:106) 99 00:08:56,500 --> 00:09:06,500 “O ye who believe! Let there be witnesses between you when death draweth nigh unto one of you, at the time of bequest - two witnesses, just men from among you, or two others from another tribe, in case ye are campaigning in the land and the calamity of death befall you. Ye shall empanel them both after the prayer, and, if ye doubt, they shall be made to swear by Allah (saying): We will not take a bribe, even though it were (on behalf of) a near kinsman nor will we hide the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we should be of the sinful.” (5:106) 100 00:09:06,500 --> 00:09:17,500 “O ye who believe! Let there be witnesses between you when death draweth nigh unto one of you, at the time of bequest - two witnesses, just men from among you, or two others from another tribe, in case ye are campaigning in the land and the calamity of death befall you. Ye shall empanel them both after the prayer, and, if ye doubt, they shall be made to swear by Allah (saying): We will not take a bribe, even though it were (on behalf of) a near kinsman nor will we hide the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we should be of the sinful.” (5:106) 101 00:09:17,500 --> 00:09:36,500 “O ye who believe! Let there be witnesses between you when death draweth nigh unto one of you, at the time of bequest - two witnesses, just men from among you, or two others from another tribe, in case ye are campaigning in the land and the calamity of death befall you. Ye shall empanel them both after the prayer, and, if ye doubt, they shall be made to swear by Allah (saying): We will not take a bribe, even though it were (on behalf of) a near kinsman nor will we hide the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we should be of the sinful.” (5:106) 102 00:09:36,500 --> 00:09:44,500 “O ye who believe! Let there be witnesses between you when death draweth nigh unto one of you, at the time of bequest - two witnesses, just men from among you, or two others from another tribe, in case ye are campaigning in the land and the calamity of death befall you. Ye shall empanel them both after the prayer, and, if ye doubt, they shall be made to swear by Allah (saying): We will not take a bribe, even though it were (on behalf of) a near kinsman nor will we hide the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we should be of the sinful.” (5:106) 103 00:09:44,500 --> 00:09:53,139 O you who have believed, let there be witnesses among you when death approaches one of you at the time of making a will. 104 00:09:53,139 --> 00:09:59,139 Two people of integrity and intellect from among the Muslims, or two others from among non-Muslims. 105 00:09:59,139 --> 00:10:03,139 If you are traveling and the calamity of death befalls you. 106 00:10:03,139 --> 00:10:11,139 And you entrust them with what you have of wealth and inheritance for your heirs. 107 00:10:11,139 --> 00:10:20,139 If they fail to deliver to your heirs what you entrusted them with, and you suspect them of betrayal, then the judgment is that. 108 00:10:20,139 --> 00:10:29,139 You detain them after the prayer, and they shall swear by Allah, if you suspect them of betrayal regarding what we entrusted them with. 109 00:10:29,139 --> 00:10:37,139 They shall swear by Allah, "We will not swear falsely for any compensation we might take for it, or for any wealth we might take away." 110 00:10:37,139 --> 00:10:44,139 "Or for any right we might deny to these people whose guardian and deceased person entrusted us." 111 00:10:44,139 --> 00:10:52,139 "Even if the one we are swearing for is a relative of ours, and we will not conceal the testimony of Allah that we have." 112 00:10:52,139 --> 00:10:55,139 “O ye who believe! Let there be witnesses between you when death draweth nigh unto one of you, at the time of bequest - two witnesses, just men from among you, or two others from another tribe, in case ye are campaigning in the land and the calamity of death befall you. Ye shall empanel them both after the prayer, and, if ye doubt, they shall be made to swear by Allah (saying): We will not take a bribe, even though it were (on behalf of) a near kinsman nor will we hide the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we should be of the sinful.” (5:106) 113 00:10:55,139 --> 00:11:08,620 If it is discovered that they have incurred sin, then two others shall stand in their place. 114 00:11:08,620 --> 00:11:21,620 “But then, if it is afterwards ascertained that both of them merit (the suspicion of) sin, let two others take their place of those nearly concerned, and let them swear by Allah, (saying): Verily our testimony is truer than their testimony and we have not transgressed (the bounds of duty), for them indeed we should be of the evil-doers.” (5:107) 115 00:11:21,620 --> 00:11:30,620 And we would then be among the wrongdoers. 116 00:11:30,620 --> 00:11:38,539 If it is discovered that they were lying in their oaths by Allah. 117 00:11:38,539 --> 00:11:48,539 Then two others shall stand in their place from the heirs of the deceased, from those who were most entitled to the inheritance, instead of the two who were initially entrusted. 118 00:11:48,539 --> 00:11:53,539 The one closest to the deceased among the first swearers, then the next closest. 119 00:11:53,539 --> 00:11:57,539 And it is possible it means the one most entitled to take the oath among them. 120 00:11:57,539 --> 00:12:04,539 Then the two others who stand in the place of those who were discovered to have incurred sin shall swear. 121 00:12:04,539 --> 00:12:08,539 The ones most entitled to the oath and the deceased from among the betrayers. 122 00:12:08,539 --> 00:12:14,539 "Our oaths are more truthful than the oaths of the swearers who incurred sin." 123 00:12:14,539 --> 00:12:21,539 "And their oaths were false, in that they betrayed such and such of our deceased's wealth." 124 00:12:21,539 --> 00:12:24,539 "And we have not transgressed the truth in our oaths." 125 00:12:24,539 --> 00:12:28,539 "If we had transgressed in our oaths." 126 00:12:28,539 --> 00:12:31,539 "And swore falsely and untruthfully." 127 00:12:31,539 --> 00:12:35,539 "Then we would be among those who take what is not theirs to take." 128 00:12:35,539 --> 00:12:39,539 "And consume the wealth of people through their false oaths." 129 00:12:41,340 --> 00:12:47,340 “Thus it is more likely that they will bear true witness or fear that after their oaths the oaths (of others) will be taken. So be mindful of your duty (to Allah) and hearken. Allah guideth not the froward folk.” (5:108) 130 00:12:47,340 --> 00:12:56,340 “Thus it is more likely that they will bear true witness or fear that after their oaths the oaths (of others) will be taken. So be mindful of your duty (to Allah) and hearken. Allah guideth not the froward folk.” (5:108) 131 00:12:56,340 --> 00:13:00,340 And fear Allah and listen. 132 00:13:00,340 --> 00:13:06,340 And Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people. 133 00:13:06,340 --> 00:13:11,080 This which I have told you regarding the matter of the executors. 134 00:13:11,080 --> 00:13:15,080 Is closer to them being truthful in their oaths and not concealing the truth. 135 00:13:15,080 --> 00:13:18,080 And acknowledging the truth and not betraying the trust. 136 00:13:18,080 --> 00:13:21,080 Or these executors fear. 137 00:13:21,080 --> 00:13:26,080 That if it is discovered that they have incurred sin in their oaths by Allah. 138 00:13:26,080 --> 00:13:29,080 Their oaths will be rejected in favor of the heirs of the deceased. 139 00:13:29,080 --> 00:13:33,080 After their oaths which were discovered to be lies. 140 00:13:34,080 --> 00:13:38,080 So they will then be truthful in their oaths and their testimony. 141 00:13:38,080 --> 00:13:41,080 For fear of scandal upon themselves. 142 00:13:41,080 --> 00:13:46,080 And fear Allah, O people, and be mindful of Him in your oaths. 143 00:13:46,080 --> 00:13:48,080 Lest you swear them falsely. 144 00:13:48,080 --> 00:13:52,080 And take by them the wealth of those whose wealth is forbidden to you. 145 00:13:52,080 --> 00:13:57,080 And listen to what is said to you and what you are exhorted with, and act upon it. 146 00:13:57,080 --> 00:14:01,080 And Allah does not grant success to those who deviate from the command of their Lord. 147 00:14:01,080 --> 00:14:05,080 By disobeying Him, obeying Satan, and rebelling against their Lord.