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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

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The Ifadah Center

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for Humanities Research and Studies

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presents

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An Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari.

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Chapter: The Ablution of Children,

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When Ritual Bathing and Purification Become Obligatory upon Them,

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Their Attendance at Congregational, Eid, and Funeral Prayers,

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and Their Rows.

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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:

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In one narration:

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A person whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to visit fell ill and died,

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dying during the night,

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so they buried him at night.

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When morning came, they informed him

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that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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passed by a grave of someone buried at night.

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In another narration:

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By an isolated grave,

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so he aligned them in rows and said four takbirs.

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He asked,

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"When was this person buried?"

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They replied,

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"Last night."

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He said,

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"Why did you not inform me?"

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They said,

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"We buried him in the dark of night,

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and we disliked waking you."

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So he stood,

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and we formed rows behind him.

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Ibn 'Abbas said,

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"And I was among them,"

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and he prayed over him.

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"He passed by an isolated grave" (qabr manbudh)

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means set apart on its own.

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"Last night" (al-barihah)

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refers to the most recent night that has passed.

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"Why did you not inform me?" (afala adhantumuni)

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means: Why did you not notify me?

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Key takeaways from the hadith:

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The hadith demonstrates the keenness of the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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to perform the funeral prayer over his Companions,

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as his prayer was a mercy and blessing for them.

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It also shows the deep love of the Companions for the Prophet, peace be upon him.

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It indicates the importance of attending to children and training them in the rites of Islam,

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and having them attend congregations so they become accustomed to them,

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making it a habitual practice for them.

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On the authority of Abu Sa'id, who said:

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I testify that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

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"Taking a bath on Friday is obligatory upon every person who has reached puberty,

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as well as using the tooth-stick (siwak),

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and applying perfume if it is available."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Taking a bath on Friday is obligatory"

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means highly emphasized and confirmed in his case.

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"Upon every person who has reached puberty" (muhtalim)

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means one who has reached full maturity,

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as experiencing wet dreams entails reaching puberty.

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"Using the tooth-stick" (an yastanna)

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means employing the siwak.

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"Applying perfume" (an yamassa tibba)

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means putting on some fragrance.

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Key takeaways from the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith that

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bathing, applying perfume, and using the siwak are recommended for whoever intends to attend the Friday prayer.

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The hadith also implies that the Friday prayer is not obligatory upon a child.

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Chapter: Women Going out to the Mosques at Night and in the Darkness of Dawn.

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On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, who said:

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A wife of 'Umar used to attend the Dawn and Night prayers in congregation at the mosque.

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It was said to her,

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"Why do you go out

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when you know that 'Umar dislikes that and feels protective jealousy?"

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She said,

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"What prevents him from forbidding me?"

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He replied,

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"What prevents him is the statement of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him:

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'Do not prevent the female servants of Allah from the mosques of Allah.'"

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In another narration:

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"If your women ask your permission at night to go to the mosque,

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give them permission."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Al-Ghalas" refers to the remaining darkness at the end of the night.

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The wife of 'Umar was 'Atikah bint Zayd ibn 'Amr ibn Nufayl.

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"Tash-had" means she attends the congregation,

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that is, she attends the congregational prayer.

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"It was said to her":

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It is said that the one who addressed her was 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him.

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"And feels protective jealousy" (yaghar):

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Protective jealousy (ghayrah) is a man's safeguarding of his womenfolk against anything shameful,

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referring here to a man's protective sense toward his female dependents.

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"The female servants of Allah" means the believing women.

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Key takeaways from the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith that

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protective jealousy in its proper place is praiseworthy,

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and that the command of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, must be prioritized

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over personal inclinations, reasoning, and desires.

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The hadith implies that a woman's home is better for her.

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It highlights a great virtue of 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him,

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namely his total submission to the command of Allah Almighty and the command of His Messenger, peace be upon him,

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even if it runs contrary to his personal inclinations.

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On the authority of Yahya ibn Sa'id,

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from 'Amrah,

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from 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:

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"Had the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) witnessed what women have introduced,

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he would have forbidden them from the mosques just as the women of the Children of Israel were forbidden."

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I asked 'Amrah,

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"Were they forbidden?"

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She said, "Yes."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"What women have introduced"

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refers to ostentatious adornment, perfume, fine clothing, and the like.

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"He would have forbidden them"

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means from going out to the mosques.

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"Just as the women of the Children of Israel were forbidden":

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It is possible that prohibition was their original religious law,

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or that they were prohibited after it had previously been permissible.

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Key takeaways from the hadith:

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The hadith demonstrates that warding off harm takes precedence over procuring benefits.

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It provides evidence for the obligation of blocking the means that lead to temptation and tribulation.

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It shows that the norm for a woman is modesty and concealment,

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even in earlier religious laws.

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The Book of Friday Prayer.

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Chapter: The Virtue of Bathing on Friday,

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and Whether Friday Attendance Is Obligatory upon Children

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or Women.

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On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) delivering a sermon from the pulpit,

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saying:

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"Whoever comes to the Friday prayer should take a bath."

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And on the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both,

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that while 'Umar ibn al-Khattab was standing delivering the Friday sermon,

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a man from the early Emigrants among the Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, entered.

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'Umar called out to him,

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"What hour is this?!"

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The man replied,

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"I was busy,

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and did not return to my family until I heard the call to prayer,

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so I did no more than perform ablution."

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'Umar said,

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"Only ablution, as well?!

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When you well know that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, used to command bathing!"

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In another narration:

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"Did you not hear that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said:

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'When one of you goes to the Friday prayer, let him take a bath'?"

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Whether Friday attendance is obligatory upon children":

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"Shuhud" means attending.

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The man was 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, may Allah be pleased with him.

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"The early Emigrants"

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refers to those who were present at the Pledge of Ridwan,

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and it is also said they were those who prayed toward both Qiblahs.

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"What hour is this?!"

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is an interrogative expression of disapproval,

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with the word "ayyah" made feminine to match "sa'ah" (hour).

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"I was busy"

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means in the marketplace.

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"I did not return to my family"

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means I did not go back home to them

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"until I heard the call to prayer,"

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meaning the adhan.

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"I did no more than perform ablution"

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means: I did not take a bath

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and contented myself with ablution alone.

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"Only ablution, as well?!"

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is an interrogative expression of disapproval.

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"Raha" means went.

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Key takeaways from the hadith:

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The hadith shows the permissibility of engaging in work and business on Friday prior to the call to prayer.

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It highlights the merit of arriving early for the Friday prayer.

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It establishes the legitimacy of the preacher drawing a worshiper's attention to virtuous deeds.

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It demonstrates that pointing out a mistake accompanied by evidence is more impactful on the soul.

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Chapter: The Virtue of Friday.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

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"Whoever takes a bath on Friday like the bath for major ritual impurity,

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then sets out in the earliest hour,

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it is as if he sacrificed a camel;

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and whoever sets out in the second hour,

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it is as if he sacrificed a cow;

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and whoever sets out in the third hour,

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it is as if he sacrificed a horned ram;

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and whoever sets out in the fourth hour,

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it is as if he offered a chicken;

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and whoever sets out in the fifth hour,

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it is as if he offered an egg.

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Then, when the Imam comes out,

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the angels arrive to listen to the remembrance."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Then sets out" (thumma raha)

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means goes in the early part of the day.

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"It is as if he sacrificed a camel" (badanah)

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means he gave a camel in charity seeking closeness to Allah Almighty.

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"In the second hour":

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The hours begin from the start of the day.

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"It is as if he sacrificed a horned ram (aqran)":

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It was described as horned

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Because it is the most complete and excellent form of it.

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"And when the imam comes out,"

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meaning, when he sits upon the pulpit,

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"they listen to the remembrance,"

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meaning, the sermon.

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Among the lessons of the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith

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that performing ghusl on Friday is recommended;

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it clarifies the virtue of arriving early for Friday prayer;

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that people's ranks in virtue correspond to their deeds;

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that the term charity (sadaqah) applies to both little and much;

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and that the angels attend the sermon and the prayer.

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Chapter: Applying Oil for Friday Prayer.

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On the authority of Salman al-Farsi, who said

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that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

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"No man bathes on Friday,

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purifies himself as much as he can,

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oils his hair,

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or applies perfume from his house,

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then goes out and does not separate between two people,

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then prays whatever is decreed for him,

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then listens attentively when the imam speaks,

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but that he is forgiven for whatever occurred between it and the next Friday."

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Commentary on the hadith:

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"Purifies himself as much as he can" —

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what is meant

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is going to great lengths in cleansing the body and clothes.

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"Oils his hair,"

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meaning he touches and rubs oil into it.

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"From the perfume of his house,"

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meaning from the perfume stored in his home,

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and it is said: from his wife's perfume.

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"And does not separate between two people,"

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meaning he does not step over the necks of people,

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nor does he squeeze between two men to push himself between them.

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"Then listens attentively,"

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meaning he remains silent.

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Among the lessons of the hadith:

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It is derived from the hadith

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that performing ghusl on Friday is recommended;

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that cleaning one's garments is recommended;

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that stepping over people on Friday is disliked;

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that it is permissible to offer as many voluntary prayers as one wishes before the Friday prayer;

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that listening attentively is obligatory due to the explicit command for it;

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that it is from the Sunnah to acquire perfume for oneself

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and to make its use a habit;

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and that attending Friday prayer fulfilling the conditions mentioned in the narration

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is a cause for forgiveness.

247
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On the authority of Tawus, who said:

248
00:12:57,659 --> 00:12:59,179
I said to Ibn Abbas:

249
00:12:59,740 --> 00:13:03,659
"They mentioned that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

250
00:13:04,220 --> 00:13:07,899
'Perform ghusl on Friday and wash your heads,

251
00:13:08,299 --> 00:13:10,299
even if you are not in a state of ritual impurity (janabah),

252
00:13:11,019 --> 00:13:13,019
and apply perfume.'"

253
00:13:13,730 --> 00:13:15,250
Ibn Abbas said:

254
00:13:15,649 --> 00:13:17,649
"As for ghusl, yes;

255
00:13:18,129 --> 00:13:20,850
but as for perfume, I do not know."

256
00:13:21,840 --> 00:13:23,840
Commentary on the hadith:

257
00:13:25,169 --> 00:13:25,970
"They mentioned" —

258
00:13:26,450 --> 00:13:29,730
what is apparent is that this refers to Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him).

259
00:13:30,529 --> 00:13:33,409
"And wash your heads" is for emphasis.

260
00:13:34,129 --> 00:13:35,649
"Apply perfume,"

261
00:13:36,129 --> 00:13:37,649
meaning use perfume.

262
00:13:38,799 --> 00:13:40,799
Among the lessons of the hadith:

263
00:13:42,159 --> 00:13:43,679
It is derived from the hadith

264
00:13:44,320 --> 00:13:48,480
that performing ghusl and being meticulous in cleansing on Friday is recommended;

265
00:13:49,120 --> 00:13:51,600
and that acquiring perfume is recommended.

266
00:13:54,429 --> 00:13:56,909
Chapter: Wearing the Best Clothes One Can Find.

267
00:13:58,460 --> 00:14:00,460
On the authority of Abdullah Ibn Umar,

268
00:14:00,860 --> 00:14:06,059
that Umar Ibn al-Khattab saw a silk-striped suit (hullat sayra') near the door of the mosque.

269
00:14:06,899 --> 00:14:07,860
In one narration:

270
00:14:08,419 --> 00:14:12,659
Umar took a cloak of brocade being sold in the market.

271
00:14:13,379 --> 00:14:14,419
And in another narration:

272
00:14:14,820 --> 00:14:16,179
a silk suit.

273
00:14:17,019 --> 00:14:17,899
He said:

274
00:14:18,220 --> 00:14:19,500
"O Messenger of Allah,

275
00:14:19,899 --> 00:14:21,419
would that you bought this

276
00:14:21,740 --> 00:14:24,779
and wore it on Friday and for the delegations."

277
00:14:25,629 --> 00:14:26,509
In one narration:

278
00:14:26,990 --> 00:14:29,710
"Adorn yourself with it for Eid and for the delegations

279
00:14:30,350 --> 00:14:31,870
when they come to you."

280
00:14:32,669 --> 00:14:35,870
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

281
00:14:36,590 --> 00:14:40,909
"Only he wears this who has no share of good in the Hereafter."

282
00:14:41,820 --> 00:14:46,379
Later, some suits of that kind were brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

283
00:14:47,019 --> 00:14:51,340
and he gave Umar Ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) a suit from them.

284
00:14:52,190 --> 00:14:52,990
In one narration:

285
00:14:53,470 --> 00:14:55,070
a brocade cloak.

286
00:14:55,789 --> 00:14:56,909
Umar said:

287
00:14:57,309 --> 00:14:58,590
"O Messenger of Allah,

288
00:14:59,070 --> 00:15:03,549
you give it to me to wear when you said what you said regarding the suit of Utarid?"

289
00:15:04,269 --> 00:15:07,389
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

290
00:15:07,950 --> 00:15:10,990
"I did not give it to you for you to wear it."

291
00:15:11,700 --> 00:15:12,580
In one narration:

292
00:15:13,059 --> 00:15:16,179
"You may sell it or fulfill your need with it."

293
00:15:16,820 --> 00:15:17,860
And in another narration:

294
00:15:18,340 --> 00:15:19,700
"or give it to someone to wear."

295
00:15:20,590 --> 00:15:26,429
So Umar Ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) gave it to a polytheist brother of his in Mecca.

296
00:15:27,730 --> 00:15:29,730
Commentary on the hadith:

297
00:15:31,039 --> 00:15:31,600
"Suit" (hullah):

298
00:15:32,159 --> 00:15:33,600
meaning a waist-wrapper (izar) and an upper cloak (rida');

299
00:15:34,159 --> 00:15:36,399
a hullah consists of two garments.

300
00:15:37,120 --> 00:15:37,919
"Sayra'":

301
00:15:38,320 --> 00:15:39,039
meaning silk,

302
00:15:39,519 --> 00:15:40,799
and other meanings have been stated.

303
00:15:41,789 --> 00:15:42,509
"And for the delegations" (wa lil-wafd):

304
00:15:43,149 --> 00:15:44,830
"wafd" is the plural of "wafid,"

305
00:15:45,309 --> 00:15:49,549
which refers to an emissary, a visitor, or one seeking a gift.

306
00:15:50,450 --> 00:15:51,649
"Has no share" (la khalaqa lahu):

307
00:15:52,049 --> 00:15:55,570
meaning he has no portion or share of goodness and righteousness.

308
00:15:56,559 --> 00:15:57,759
"The suit of Utarid":

309
00:15:58,320 --> 00:16:00,720
he is Utarid Ibn Hajib Ibn Zurarah;

310
00:16:01,360 --> 00:16:03,120
he used to sell these suits,

311
00:16:03,440 --> 00:16:04,559
so it was attributed to him.

312
00:16:05,470 --> 00:16:07,629
"A polytheist brother of his in Mecca":

313
00:16:08,190 --> 00:16:09,710
he was Uthman Ibn Hakim,

314
00:16:10,190 --> 00:16:12,190
and there is disagreement regarding his acceptance of Islam.

315
00:16:13,309 --> 00:16:15,470
Among the lessons of the hadith:

316
00:16:16,779 --> 00:16:18,220
It is derived from the hadith

317
00:16:18,860 --> 00:16:21,259
that the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) loved

318
00:16:21,580 --> 00:16:23,100
beautifying oneself in general;

319
00:16:23,820 --> 00:16:28,220
that buying and selling near the door of the mosque is permissible outside the times of prohibition;

320
00:16:29,059 --> 00:16:34,019
that it is permissible for the righteous and virtuous to engage directly in buying and selling;

321
00:16:34,820 --> 00:16:38,899
that it is permissible to buy and sell what one is not permitted to wear;

322
00:16:39,539 --> 00:16:41,940
that it is permissible to gift it to someone who may wear it;

323
00:16:42,720 --> 00:16:48,559
it demonstrates the Prophet's (peace be upon him) generosity and openhandedness;

324
00:16:49,039 --> 00:16:52,000
and it shows maintaining ties with brothers and companions through gifts.

325
00:16:54,700 --> 00:16:56,860
Chapter: Using the Siwak on Friday.

326
00:16:58,289 --> 00:17:00,610
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him),

327
00:17:01,169 --> 00:17:04,849
that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

328
00:17:05,680 --> 00:17:09,359
"Were it not that I would cause hardship for my Ummah — or for the people —

329
00:17:09,920 --> 00:17:12,960
I would have commanded them to use the siwak with every prayer."

330
00:17:14,019 --> 00:17:15,220
And on the authority of Anas, who said:

331
00:17:16,019 --> 00:17:18,980
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

332
00:17:19,700 --> 00:17:21,940
"I have emphasized the use of the siwak to you repeatedly."

333
00:17:23,119 --> 00:17:25,119
Commentary on the hadith:

334
00:17:26,430 --> 00:17:28,589
"Were it not that I would cause hardship for my Ummah":

335
00:17:29,390 --> 00:17:31,789
the obligation was withheld because hardship was established.

336
00:17:32,750 --> 00:17:34,589
"I have emphasized the use of the siwak to you repeatedly,"

337
00:17:35,309 --> 00:17:37,869
meaning I have urged you intensely regarding the matter of the siwak.

338
00:17:38,990 --> 00:17:41,150
Among the lessons of the hadith:

339
00:17:42,369 --> 00:17:43,730
It is derived from the hadith

340
00:17:44,210 --> 00:17:47,410
that using the siwak when standing for prayer is recommended,

341
00:17:47,890 --> 00:17:50,930
because it is a state of drawing near to Allah Almighty,

342
00:17:51,490 --> 00:17:54,769
which necessitates that it be a state of perfection and cleanliness,

343
00:17:54,769 --> 00:17:56,849
manifesting the honor of the act of worship;

344
00:17:57,599 --> 00:18:03,119
it demonstrates the Prophet's (peace be upon him) complete compassion for his Ummah;

345
00:18:03,680 --> 00:18:06,480
and that hardship brings about ease.

346
00:18:09,230 --> 00:18:11,950
Chapter: One Who Uses Another Person's Siwak.

347
00:18:13,230 --> 00:18:14,990
On the authority of Aisha, who said:

348
00:18:15,630 --> 00:18:17,630
"It was among the blessings of Allah upon me

349
00:18:18,190 --> 00:18:21,150
that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

350
00:18:21,150 --> 00:18:23,950
passed away in my house, on my turn,

351
00:18:24,769 --> 00:18:25,730
— in one narration:

352
00:18:26,400 --> 00:18:30,480
and one of us used to recite protective prayers for him when he was ill,

353
00:18:31,150 --> 00:18:32,670
so I went to recite them for him —

354
00:18:33,619 --> 00:18:35,619
and between my chest and my neck.

355
00:18:36,509 --> 00:18:37,390
In one narration:

356
00:18:37,950 --> 00:18:40,509
between my collarbone and my chin.

357
00:18:41,230 --> 00:18:44,430
So I never dislike the severity of death for anyone

358
00:18:44,589 --> 00:18:47,630
after the Prophet (peace be upon him).

359
00:18:48,940 --> 00:18:53,019
And that Allah united my saliva with his saliva at his death:

360
00:18:53,869 --> 00:18:55,869
Abd al-Rahman entered upon me

361
00:18:56,029 --> 00:18:57,309
holding a siwak,

362
00:18:57,950 --> 00:19:02,029
while I was supporting the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

363
00:19:02,750 --> 00:19:04,509
I saw him looking at it,

364
00:19:05,069 --> 00:19:07,549
and I knew that he loved the siwak,

365
00:19:08,369 --> 00:19:09,089
so I said:

366
00:19:09,650 --> 00:19:10,769
'Shall I take it for you?'

367
00:19:11,539 --> 00:19:13,940
He nodded his head in assent.

368
00:19:14,660 --> 00:19:15,700
So I took it,

369
00:19:16,259 --> 00:19:17,460
but it was too hard for him.

370
00:19:18,019 --> 00:19:18,740
I said:

371
00:19:19,220 --> 00:19:20,420
'Shall I soften it for you?'

372
00:19:21,140 --> 00:19:23,460
He nodded his head in assent.

373
00:19:24,259 --> 00:19:25,220
So I softened it,

374
00:19:25,940 --> 00:19:26,819
and he brushed with it.

375
00:19:27,700 --> 00:19:28,500
In one narration:

376
00:19:29,220 --> 00:19:30,099
So I bit off its end,

377
00:19:30,660 --> 00:19:32,579
shook it, and prepared it,

378
00:19:33,220 --> 00:19:36,980
then handed it to the Prophet (peace be upon him),

379
00:19:37,539 --> 00:19:38,579
and he brushed with it.

380
00:19:39,299 --> 00:19:42,740
I never saw the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

381
00:19:42,740 --> 00:19:45,700
brush his teeth better than that.

382
00:19:46,609 --> 00:19:50,609
There was in front of him a leather vessel or a container with water in it,

383
00:19:51,279 --> 00:19:53,519
and he began dipping his hands into the water

384
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:55,839
and wiping his face with them,

385
00:19:56,400 --> 00:19:57,200
saying:

386
00:19:57,759 --> 00:19:59,759
'None has the right to be worshiped but Allah;

387
00:20:00,400 --> 00:20:02,400
indeed, death has its agonies.'

388
00:20:03,200 --> 00:20:04,480
Then he raised his hand

389
00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:06,319
and began saying:

390
00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:08,720
'In the Highest Companionship.'

391
00:20:09,619 --> 00:20:10,420
In one narration:

392
00:20:11,059 --> 00:20:11,940
three times,

393
00:20:12,579 --> 00:20:15,140
until he was taken and his hand tilted."

394
00:20:16,339 --> 00:20:18,339
Commentary on the hadith:

395
00:20:19,619 --> 00:20:21,059
"Passed away in my house":

396
00:20:21,700 --> 00:20:26,980
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to ask during his terminal illness,

397
00:20:27,460 --> 00:20:28,180
He would ask:

398
00:20:28,740 --> 00:20:31,700
"Where am I tomorrow?"

399
00:20:32,259 --> 00:20:35,220
Meaning he desired the day assigned to 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her).

400
00:20:35,859 --> 00:20:38,980
So his wives granted him permission to stay wherever he wished,

401
00:20:39,619 --> 00:20:42,819
and he stayed at the house of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her).

402
00:20:43,680 --> 00:20:45,680
*Sahri* means my upper chest,

403
00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:48,400
*Nahri* means my lower neck,

404
00:20:49,230 --> 00:20:51,950
and Allah joined my saliva with his saliva,

405
00:20:52,589 --> 00:20:55,150
because she softened the miswak with her saliva,

406
00:20:55,630 --> 00:20:59,150
and then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) cleaned his teeth with it.

407
00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:00,960
*Haqinati*

408
00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:04,559
refers to the pit between the collarbone and the neck ligament,

409
00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:06,319
though other definitions have also been suggested,

410
00:21:07,119 --> 00:21:08,240
and *Dhaqinati*

411
00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:11,039
refers to the upper part of the chest reached by the chin.

412
00:21:11,920 --> 00:21:18,160
The summary is that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) passed away with his head resting between her chin and chest.

413
00:21:18,910 --> 00:21:19,869
"So she softened it,"

414
00:21:20,349 --> 00:21:24,670
meaning she severed and bit it with the tips of her teeth until it became soft.

415
00:21:25,390 --> 00:21:26,190
"So he passed it over his teeth,"

416
00:21:26,589 --> 00:21:27,710
meaning he brushed his teeth with it.

417
00:21:28,460 --> 00:21:29,259
*Rakwah*

418
00:21:29,579 --> 00:21:30,299
means a vessel,

419
00:21:31,099 --> 00:21:31,819
or a small container,

420
00:21:32,220 --> 00:21:33,740
specifically a milk bucket made of leather.

421
00:21:34,609 --> 00:21:36,289
"Indeed, death has its agonies,"

422
00:21:36,930 --> 00:21:37,809
meaning its severity.

423
00:21:38,900 --> 00:21:40,900
Benefits derived from the hadith:

424
00:21:42,450 --> 00:21:43,890
It is derived from the hadith:

425
00:21:44,529 --> 00:21:47,569
A clarification of the merit of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her),

426
00:21:48,049 --> 00:21:51,970
and her keen understanding of the Prophet (peace be upon him) even through a mere gesture.

427
00:21:52,690 --> 00:21:56,849
It indicates the recommendation for a wife to fulfill the desire of her sick husband.

428
00:21:57,599 --> 00:22:00,960
It shows the permissibility of a brother visiting his sister's house,

429
00:22:01,680 --> 00:22:04,240
and the permissibility of a woman reciting incantations (*ruqyah*) over her husband,

430
00:22:04,559 --> 00:22:07,279
as well as seeking protection for him through supplication when he is ill.

431
00:22:07,950 --> 00:22:11,630
The hadith serves as evidence for the purity of human saliva.

432
00:22:12,109 --> 00:22:16,509
It provides guidance on preparing, adjusting, and softening the miswak for use.

433
00:22:17,150 --> 00:22:20,430
It emphasizes the sunnah of using the miswak.

434
00:22:20,990 --> 00:22:25,069
It highlights the legitimacy of acting upon an informative gesture or physical movement.

435
00:22:27,900 --> 00:22:31,420
Chapter: What is recited in the Dawn Prayer on Friday.

436
00:22:32,930 --> 00:22:35,890
Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him):

437
00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:42,079
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to recite in the Dawn Prayer on Friday:

438
00:22:43,039 --> 00:22:46,640
*Alif-Lam-Mim Tanzeel* (Surah As-Sajdah),

439
00:22:47,279 --> 00:22:51,039
and *Hal Ata 'Ala Al-Insani Hinum Min Ad-Dahr* (Surah Al-Insan).

440
00:22:52,289 --> 00:22:54,289
Commentary on the hadith:

441
00:22:55,779 --> 00:22:58,660
*Alif-Lam-Mim Tanzeel* (Surah As-Sajdah)

442
00:22:59,220 --> 00:23:00,740
means in the first unit of prayer (*rak'ah*).

443
00:23:01,599 --> 00:23:04,559
*Hal Ata 'Ala Al-Insani Hinum Min Ad-Dahr* (Surah Al-Insan)

444
00:23:05,119 --> 00:23:06,720
means in the second unit of prayer (*rak'ah*).

445
00:23:07,519 --> 00:23:08,799
The wisdom behind this

446
00:23:09,039 --> 00:23:13,359
is the allusion to what these two surahs contain regarding the creation of Adam,

447
00:23:13,920 --> 00:23:15,680
the events of the Day of Resurrection,

448
00:23:16,079 --> 00:23:18,240
and the fact that it will occur on a Friday.

449
00:23:19,150 --> 00:23:21,309
Benefits derived from the hadith:

450
00:23:22,690 --> 00:23:24,130
It is derived from the hadith:

451
00:23:24,690 --> 00:23:30,609
The recommendation to recite Surah As-Sajdah and Surah Al-Insan in the Dawn Prayer on Friday.

452
00:23:31,390 --> 00:23:35,230
It highlights the recommendation to lengthen the recitation in the Dawn Prayer.

453
00:23:38,220 --> 00:23:40,700
Chapter: Holding Friday prayers in villages and towns.

454
00:23:42,109 --> 00:23:44,670
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:

455
00:23:45,470 --> 00:23:52,349
The first Friday prayer held after the Friday prayer in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

456
00:23:53,069 --> 00:23:57,390
was in the mosque of 'Abd al-Qays at Juwatha in Bahrain.

457
00:23:58,670 --> 00:24:00,670
Commentary on the hadith:

458
00:24:02,059 --> 00:24:04,460
*Jumma'at* comes from the gathering of people,

459
00:24:04,940 --> 00:24:06,220
meaning they attended the Friday congregational prayer.

460
00:24:07,039 --> 00:24:08,000
*Juwatha*

461
00:24:08,559 --> 00:24:11,200
is a fortress belonging to the tribe of 'Abd al-Qays in Bahrain,

462
00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:13,200
and it was also said to be a city.

463
00:24:14,259 --> 00:24:16,259
Benefits derived from the hadith:

464
00:24:17,920 --> 00:24:22,079
The hadith serves as evidence for the requirement of settled residence (*istiqan*) for establishing Friday prayer.

465
00:24:22,799 --> 00:24:26,079
It indicates the obligation of Friday prayer upon the residents of major towns.

466
00:24:28,799 --> 00:24:31,920
Narrated 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both):

467
00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:36,799
He heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say:

468
00:24:37,660 --> 00:24:41,099
"Every one of you is a guardian and is responsible for his charge.

469
00:24:41,180 --> 00:24:44,720
The ruler is a guardian and is responsible for his subjects.

470
00:24:45,519 --> 00:24:50,079
A man is a guardian over his family and is responsible for his charge.

471
00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:53,789
A woman is a guardian in the home of her husband,

472
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:58,319
over her husband's household and his child,

473
00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:01,599
and she is responsible for her charge.

474
00:25:02,319 --> 00:25:05,039
A servant is a guardian over the property of his master

475
00:25:05,200 --> 00:25:07,200
and is responsible for his charge."

476
00:25:07,200 --> 00:25:12,390
I heard these from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

477
00:25:12,390 --> 00:25:17,390
and I believe the Prophet (peace be upon him) also said:

478
00:25:17,390 --> 00:25:22,390
"And a man is a guardian over the property of his father and is responsible for his charge.

479
00:25:22,390 --> 00:25:27,420
So every one of you is a guardian and every one of you is responsible for his charge."

480
00:25:27,420 --> 00:25:32,000
Commentary on the hadith:

481
00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:34,000
"Every one of you is a guardian"

482
00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:36,539
"Every one of you is a guardian":

483
00:25:36,539 --> 00:25:39,539
The guardian (*ra'i*) is the protector and trustee,

484
00:25:39,539 --> 00:25:44,799
committed to the well-being of whatever he oversees and whatever is under his care.

485
00:25:44,799 --> 00:25:46,799
"The ruler is a guardian,"

486
00:25:46,799 --> 00:25:51,930
meaning by establishing the prescribed legal penalties and rulings among them according to the path of the Sacred Law.

487
00:25:51,930 --> 00:25:53,930
"A man is a guardian over his family,"

488
00:25:53,930 --> 00:26:00,150
meaning by managing their affairs and fulfilling their rights regarding maintenance and good companionship.

489
00:26:00,150 --> 00:26:03,150
"A woman is a guardian in the home of her husband,"

490
00:26:03,150 --> 00:26:10,150
meaning through good management in her husband's home, sincere counsel to him, and trustworthiness regarding his wealth and herself.

491
00:26:10,150 --> 00:26:13,309
"A servant is a guardian over the property of his master,"

492
00:26:13,309 --> 00:26:16,309
meaning by safeguarding the property in his custody

493
00:26:16,309 --> 00:26:20,440
and carrying out the duties required of his service.

494
00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:22,440
"And a man is a guardian over the property of his father,"

495
00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:24,440
referring to a son.

496
00:26:24,440 --> 00:26:26,440
As for one who is not a ruler,

497
00:26:26,440 --> 00:26:29,440
nor has a family, a master, or a father,

498
00:26:29,440 --> 00:26:31,440
and similar cases,

499
00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:35,440
his guardianship extends to his friends and companions.

500
00:26:35,440 --> 00:26:39,559
Benefits derived from the hadith:

501
00:26:39,559 --> 00:26:41,559
It is derived from the hadith:

502
00:26:41,559 --> 00:26:45,559
Guidance toward fulfilling justice in positions of authority,

503
00:26:45,559 --> 00:26:48,559
and that a person must discharge required duties

504
00:26:48,559 --> 00:26:51,559
and attend to the welfare of whatever he has been entrusted with.

505
00:26:51,559 --> 00:26:56,799
Chapter: From where the Friday prayer is attended,

506
00:26:56,799 --> 00:26:58,799
and upon whom it is obligatory.

507
00:26:58,799 --> 00:27:04,279
Narrated 'A'ishah, the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him):

508
00:27:04,279 --> 00:27:07,279
The people used to attend the Friday prayer in turns

509
00:27:07,279 --> 00:27:10,539
from their homes and the high grounds (*al-'awali*).

510
00:27:10,539 --> 00:27:12,539
In another narration:

511
00:27:12,539 --> 00:27:15,539
The people were their own laborers.

512
00:27:15,539 --> 00:27:17,539
In another narration:

513
00:27:17,539 --> 00:27:19,599
They used to do their own manual work,

514
00:27:19,599 --> 00:27:21,599
so they would arrive covered in dust,

515
00:27:21,599 --> 00:27:24,660
affected by the dust and sweat,

516
00:27:24,660 --> 00:27:26,660
with sweat dripping from them.

517
00:27:26,660 --> 00:27:28,890
In another narration:

518
00:27:28,890 --> 00:27:32,049
Strong odors used to emanate from them.

519
00:27:32,049 --> 00:27:35,049
One of them came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

520
00:27:35,049 --> 00:27:38,049
while he was with me,

521
00:27:38,049 --> 00:27:41,049
so the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

522
00:27:41,049 --> 00:27:46,140
"If only you would cleanse yourselves for this day of yours."

523
00:27:46,140 --> 00:27:47,140
In another narration:

524
00:27:47,140 --> 00:27:49,140
"If only you would perform total ablution (*ghusl*)."

525
00:27:49,140 --> 00:27:53,140
Commentary on the hadith:

526
00:27:53,140 --> 00:27:57,140
*Kana* denotes continuity and permanence.

527
00:27:57,140 --> 00:27:59,140
*Yantabun*

528
00:27:59,140 --> 00:28:01,140
means they attended in turns,

529
00:28:01,140 --> 00:28:04,140
such that one group came one time and another came another time.

530
00:28:04,140 --> 00:28:06,140
*Al-'Awali*

531
00:28:06,140 --> 00:28:08,140
refers to villages near Medina,

532
00:28:08,140 --> 00:28:10,140
situated on the eastern side;

533
00:28:10,140 --> 00:28:14,140
the nearest of them to Medina is two miles or more away,

534
00:28:14,140 --> 00:28:16,299
while the farthest is eight miles away.

535
00:28:16,299 --> 00:28:18,299
"If only you would cleanse yourselves"

536
00:28:18,299 --> 00:28:21,299
emphasizes thoroughness in purification

537
00:28:21,299 --> 00:28:23,299
"for this day of yours,"

538
00:28:23,299 --> 00:28:25,779
referring to Friday.

539
00:28:25,779 --> 00:28:29,700
Benefits derived from the hadith:

540
00:28:29,700 --> 00:28:31,700
It is derived from the hadith:

541
00:28:31,700 --> 00:28:35,700
The recommendation to perform total ablution (*ghusl*) and purify oneself for Friday.

542
00:28:35,700 --> 00:28:39,700
It indicates the permissibility of visiting people of knowledge on Friday.

543
00:28:39,700 --> 00:28:43,700
The hadith demonstrates gentleness in enjoining good,

544
00:28:43,700 --> 00:28:47,700
and the obligation to avoid harming a Muslim in any way.

545
00:28:47,700 --> 00:28:52,700
It illustrates the enthusiasm of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to comply with commands,

546
00:28:52,700 --> 00:28:56,849
even if it proved difficult for them.

547
00:28:56,849 --> 00:29:01,549
Chapter: The time of Friday prayer is when the sun passes the meridian.

548
00:29:01,549 --> 00:29:04,549
Narrated Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him):

549
00:29:04,549 --> 00:29:07,549
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

550
00:29:07,549 --> 00:29:09,549
used to offer the Friday prayer

551
00:29:09,549 --> 00:29:11,549
when the sun inclined past the meridian.

552
00:29:11,549 --> 00:29:14,619
Narrated Anas ibn Malik:

553
00:29:14,619 --> 00:29:16,619
We used to offer the Friday prayer early,

554
00:29:16,619 --> 00:29:19,619
and take a midday nap (*qailulah*) after the Friday prayer.

555
00:29:19,619 --> 00:29:23,740
Commentary on the hadith:

556
00:29:23,740 --> 00:29:25,740
"When the sun inclined"

557
00:29:25,740 --> 00:29:29,769
refers to the time when the sun moves away from the zenith of the sky.

558
00:29:29,769 --> 00:29:30,769
"We used to offer early"

559
00:29:30,769 --> 00:29:33,799
means we hastened to perform it.

560
00:29:33,799 --> 00:29:34,799
"And we took a midday nap":

561
00:29:34,799 --> 00:29:37,799
*Al-Qailulah* is rest taken in the middle of the day,

562
00:29:37,799 --> 00:29:40,799
even if it does not involve actual sleep.

563
00:29:40,799 --> 00:29:44,819
Benefits derived from the hadith:

564
00:29:44,819 --> 00:29:47,819
The hadith shows that the time for Friday prayer is after the sun passes the meridian,

565
00:29:47,819 --> 00:29:49,819
which is the time for the Zuhr prayer.

566
00:29:49,819 --> 00:29:53,819
It indicates that the prescribed times for acts of worship are fixed by divine decree (*tawqifiyyah*).

567
00:29:53,819 --> 00:29:57,819
It highlights the merit of going early to the Friday prayer,

568
00:29:57,819 --> 00:29:59,819
as well as the recommendation of the midday nap,

569
00:29:59,819 --> 00:30:03,819
and that it is delayed until after the Friday prayer.