WEBVTT 00:00:00.850 --> 00:00:04.799 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:04.799 --> 00:00:11.810 The life of the salaf was defined by the harmony between their words and their deeds. 00:00:11.810 --> 00:00:14.740 Guarding the tongue. 00:00:14.740 --> 00:00:18.859 Guarding the tongue against backbiting. 00:00:18.859 --> 00:00:21.859 It is narrated from Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: 00:00:21.859 --> 00:00:24.859 "The one who conveys a false statement, 00:00:24.859 --> 00:00:28.859 and the one who sustains it with sin, are both the same." 00:00:28.859 --> 00:00:32.149 It is also narrated from Ka'b, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: 00:00:32.149 --> 00:00:34.149 "Beware of backbiting, 00:00:34.649 --> 00:00:39.000 for its perpetrator finds no rest from the torment of the grave." 00:00:39.000 --> 00:00:42.500 Yahya ibn Abi Kathir, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:00:42.500 --> 00:00:45.000 "The backbiter corrupts in an hour 00:00:45.000 --> 00:00:50.899 what the sorcerer cannot corrupt in a month." 00:00:50.899 --> 00:00:55.460 Condemning the two-faced and warning against them. 00:00:55.460 --> 00:00:58.960 Some people said to Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both: 00:00:58.960 --> 00:01:01.960 "We enter upon our rulers, 00:01:01.960 --> 00:01:04.959 and we say to them things contrary to what we say 00:01:04.959 --> 00:01:07.459 when we leave their presence." 00:01:07.459 --> 00:01:08.959 He replied: 00:01:08.959 --> 00:01:11.459 "We used to consider that hypocrisy." 00:01:11.459 --> 00:01:18.010 Guarding the tongue against lying. 00:01:18.010 --> 00:01:22.010 It is narrated from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: 00:01:22.010 --> 00:01:24.510 "Beware of lying, 00:01:24.510 --> 00:01:27.510 for lying is incompatible with faith." 00:01:27.510 --> 00:01:30.859 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 00:01:30.859 --> 00:01:34.049 "You will not find a believer who is a habitual liar." 00:01:34.049 --> 00:01:38.549 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, used to say: 00:01:38.549 --> 00:01:43.079 "Lying is not appropriate, whether in earnest or in jest, 00:01:43.079 --> 00:01:45.579 nor should a man promise his child something 00:01:45.579 --> 00:01:47.969 and then fail to fulfill it." 00:01:47.969 --> 00:01:50.500 He also said, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:01:50.500 --> 00:01:54.000 "A man continues to speak the truth and strives for truthfulness 00:01:54.000 --> 00:01:57.500 until there is not left in his heart for wickedness 00:01:57.500 --> 00:02:00.500 even the space of a needle's eye to settle. 00:02:00.500 --> 00:02:04.629 And a man continues to lie and strives for falsehood 00:02:04.629 --> 00:02:07.629 until there is not left in his heart for righteousness 00:02:08.129 --> 00:02:11.509 even the space of a needle's eye to settle." 00:02:11.509 --> 00:02:17.080 Ibn Mas'ud and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: 00:02:17.080 --> 00:02:20.580 "A believer may be naturally inclined to all sorts of traits, 00:02:20.580 --> 00:02:23.080 except for lying and treachery; 00:02:23.080 --> 00:02:27.080 for you will never find a believer who is a traitor or a liar." 00:02:27.080 --> 00:02:31.060 Al-Hasan, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:02:31.060 --> 00:02:33.060 "It is counted as hypocrisy: 00:02:33.060 --> 00:02:35.060 the discrepancy between action and speech, 00:02:35.060 --> 00:02:38.060 the discrepancy between one's private and public life, 00:02:38.060 --> 00:02:40.560 and the discrepancy between what one enters into and what one exits from." 00:02:40.560 --> 00:02:45.060 "The root of hypocrisy, and that upon which hypocrisy is built, 00:02:45.060 --> 00:02:46.780 is lying." 00:02:46.780 --> 00:02:49.280 He also said, may Allah have mercy on him: 00:02:49.280 --> 00:02:52.599 "Lying is the sum of hypocrisy." 00:02:52.599 --> 00:02:55.599 Yunus ibn 'Ubayd, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:02:55.599 --> 00:02:59.599 "Every bad trait may be hoped to be abandoned one day, 00:02:59.599 --> 00:03:02.449 except for the one who is a habitual liar." 00:03:02.449 --> 00:03:05.949 Hudhayfah al-Mar'ashi, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:03:05.949 --> 00:03:08.449 "That I should intentionally tell a lie for the sake of Allah 00:03:08.949 --> 00:03:12.840 is more beloved to me than performing a Hajj pilgrimage." 00:03:12.840 --> 00:03:16.340 Samnun ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah have mercy on him, 00:03:16.340 --> 00:03:18.840 used to speak about divine love, 00:03:18.840 --> 00:03:21.340 then he named himself 'the liar' 00:03:21.340 --> 00:03:24.340 because of his claim in his own words: 00:03:24.340 --> 00:03:27.340 'I have no share in anything other than You, 00:03:27.340 --> 00:03:30.340 so test me however You wish.' 00:03:30.340 --> 00:03:32.870 He was then tested with urinary retention, 00:03:32.870 --> 00:03:35.370 and he would go around to the offices 00:03:35.370 --> 00:03:37.370 and say to the young boys: 00:03:37.370 --> 00:03:40.870 'Pray for your uncle who is afflicted by his tongue.'" 00:03:40.870 --> 00:03:43.620 Some eloquent scholars said: 00:03:43.620 --> 00:03:46.120 "The truthful person is protected and honored, 00:03:46.120 --> 00:03:49.120 while the liar is disgraced and humiliated." 00:03:49.120 --> 00:03:52.280 Ibrahim, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:03:52.280 --> 00:03:54.780 "They did not permit lying 00:03:54.780 --> 00:03:57.280 in either earnest or jest." 00:03:57.280 --> 00:04:00.979 Yazid ibn Maysarah, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:04:00.979 --> 00:04:04.479 "Lying waters the door of every evil, 00:04:04.479 --> 00:04:07.479 just as water waters the roots of trees." 00:04:08.199 --> 00:04:10.699 Some of the wise men of the Arabs said: 00:04:10.699 --> 00:04:13.699 "I examined the qualities of people, 00:04:13.699 --> 00:04:17.199 and I found the most noble of them to be the truthfulness of the tongue. 00:04:17.199 --> 00:04:20.699 Whoever lacks the virtue of truthfulness in his speech 00:04:20.699 --> 00:04:26.230 has been bereaved of his most honorable character." 00:04:26.230 --> 00:04:31.639 Guarding the tongue against reviling and insulting. 00:04:31.639 --> 00:04:34.639 It is narrated from Ka'b, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: 00:04:34.639 --> 00:04:37.639 "Whoever curses something without cause, 00:04:38.139 --> 00:04:42.139 the curse continues to circulate between the heaven and the earth, 00:04:42.139 --> 00:04:45.639 until it settles upon the collarbone of the one who uttered it." 00:04:45.639 --> 00:04:47.959 Abu Ja'far, 00:04:47.959 --> 00:04:50.959 Muhammad ibn 'Ali, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:04:50.959 --> 00:04:55.209 "The weapon of the base is foul speech." 00:04:55.209 --> 00:04:58.709 It is narrated from Ibn al-Mubarak, may Allah have mercy on him, that he said: 00:04:58.709 --> 00:05:02.709 "Whoever belittles the scholars loses his Hereafter, 00:05:02.709 --> 00:05:07.209 whoever belittles the rulers loses his worldly life, 00:05:07.209 --> 00:05:11.939 and whoever belittles his brothers loses his chivalry." 00:05:11.939 --> 00:05:14.939 Mujahid, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:05:14.939 --> 00:05:19.439 "It is said that whenever the devil mentions a people, he is present with them. 00:05:19.439 --> 00:05:22.939 So if he hears someone cursing him, he says: 00:05:22.939 --> 00:05:25.439 'You have cursed one who is already cursed.' 00:05:25.439 --> 00:05:30.470 And there is nothing more cutting to his back than 'La ilaha illa Allah' (There is no god but Allah)." 00:05:30.470 --> 00:05:37.149 Guarding the tongue against mockery. 00:05:37.149 --> 00:05:40.649 Ibrahim al-Nakha'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:05:40.649 --> 00:05:43.649 "I see something that is blameworthy, 00:05:43.649 --> 00:05:46.649 and nothing prevents me from speaking about it 00:05:46.649 --> 00:05:49.870 except the fear that I might be afflicted with it myself." 00:05:49.870 --> 00:05:52.870 Al-Hasan, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:05:52.870 --> 00:05:54.870 "They used to say: 00:05:54.870 --> 00:06:00.370 'Whoever mocks his brother for a sin from which he has repented to Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, 00:06:00.370 --> 00:06:05.949 will not die until Allah afflicts him with it.'" 00:06:05.949 --> 00:06:09.949 Guarding the tongue against speaking about Allah without knowledge. 00:06:09.949 --> 00:06:15.449 And piety in issuing fatwas and narrating from the Prophet, peace be upon him. 00:06:15.449 --> 00:06:20.990 Maymun ibn Mihran, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:06:20.990 --> 00:06:23.990 "Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:06:23.990 --> 00:06:28.519 when a dispute was brought to him, would look into the Book of Allah. 00:06:28.519 --> 00:06:33.019 If he found in it that which he could judge by, he would judge between them with it. 00:06:33.019 --> 00:06:35.550 If he did not find it in the Book, 00:06:35.550 --> 00:06:41.050 he would look to see if there was a Sunnah from the Prophet, peace be upon him, regarding it. 00:06:41.050 --> 00:06:44.050 If he knew it, he would judge by it. 00:06:44.050 --> 00:06:48.050 And if he did not know it, he would go out and ask the Muslims, 00:06:48.050 --> 00:06:51.550 saying: 'Such and such has come to me, 00:06:51.550 --> 00:06:54.050 and I have looked into the Book of Allah 00:06:54.050 --> 00:06:58.050 and into the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:06:58.050 --> 00:07:01.050 and I have not found anything regarding it. 00:07:01.050 --> 00:07:05.050 Do you know if the Prophet of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:07:05.050 --> 00:07:08.050 has issued a judgment regarding this?' 00:07:08.550 --> 00:07:11.050 Often a group would stand up 00:07:11.050 --> 00:07:15.550 and say: 'Yes, he judged such and such regarding it.' 00:07:15.550 --> 00:07:20.680 So he would accept the judgment of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him." 00:07:20.680 --> 00:07:25.180 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, used to do the same. 00:07:25.180 --> 00:07:29.180 If he found it difficult to find in the Qur'an and the Sunnah, 00:07:29.180 --> 00:07:33.240 he would look to see if Abu Bakr had issued a judgment regarding it. 00:07:33.240 --> 00:07:37.240 If he found that Abu Bakr had issued a judgment regarding it, he would follow it. 00:07:37.240 --> 00:07:41.240 Otherwise, he would call the leaders of the Muslims and their scholars, 00:07:41.240 --> 00:07:43.240 and consult them. 00:07:43.240 --> 00:07:47.240 If they agreed upon a matter, he would judge between them accordingly. 00:07:47.240 --> 00:07:50.819 'Ubayd ibn Jurayj said: 00:07:50.819 --> 00:07:54.819 "I used to sit in Makkah with Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:07:54.819 --> 00:07:58.819 and he would say 'I do not know' regarding what he was asked 00:07:58.819 --> 00:08:01.819 more often than he would issue a fatwa." 00:08:01.819 --> 00:08:04.139 It is narrated from Jabir ibn Zayd 00:08:04.139 --> 00:08:08.139 that Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, met him during the circumambulation (Tawaf), 00:08:08.139 --> 00:08:10.139 and said to him: 00:08:10.139 --> 00:08:12.139 "O Abu al-Sha'tha', 00:08:12.139 --> 00:08:15.139 you are one of the scholars of Basra, 00:08:15.139 --> 00:08:18.139 so do not issue a fatwa except based on a clear Qur'an 00:08:18.139 --> 00:08:20.139 or an established Sunnah, 00:08:20.139 --> 00:08:23.199 for if you do otherwise, 00:08:23.199 --> 00:08:25.199 you will perish and cause others to perish." 00:08:25.199 --> 00:08:29.490 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 00:08:29.490 --> 00:08:31.490 "O people, 00:08:31.490 --> 00:08:33.490 fear Allah. 00:08:33.490 --> 00:08:35.490 Whoever among you knows something, 00:08:35.490 --> 00:08:37.490 let him speak based on what he knows, 00:08:37.490 --> 00:08:39.490 and whoever does not know, 00:08:39.490 --> 00:08:40.490 let him say: 00:08:40.490 --> 00:08:42.490 'Allah knows best.' 00:08:42.490 --> 00:08:44.490 For it is better for one of you 00:08:44.490 --> 00:08:46.490 to say about what he does not know: 00:08:46.490 --> 00:08:48.490 'Allah knows best,' 00:08:48.490 --> 00:08:50.490 for Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, 00:08:50.490 --> 00:08:54.519 said to His Prophet, peace be upon him: 00:08:54.519 --> 00:08:57.519 'Say: I do not ask of you any reward for it.'" 00:08:57.519 --> 00:09:00.909 “Say (O Muhammad, unto mankind): I ask of you no fee for this, and I am no simulating.” (38:86) 00:09:00.909 --> 00:09:04.909 It is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud and Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:09:04.909 --> 00:09:07.000 that they said: 00:09:07.000 --> 00:09:11.000 "Whoever issues a fatwa to people on everything they ask him about 00:09:11.000 --> 00:09:13.070 is a madman." 00:09:13.070 --> 00:09:15.070 He also said, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:09:15.070 --> 00:09:19.070 "The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said..." 00:09:19.070 --> 00:09:21.070 then he trembled, 00:09:21.070 --> 00:09:23.070 and then he said something similar to that. 00:09:23.070 --> 00:09:26.289 Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:09:26.289 --> 00:09:30.289 used to narrate little from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:09:30.289 --> 00:09:34.320 and when he did narrate from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:09:34.320 --> 00:09:36.320 he would say: 00:09:36.320 --> 00:09:40.320 "Or as the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said." 00:09:40.320 --> 00:09:43.519 Al-Sha'bi, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:09:43.519 --> 00:09:46.519 "'I do not know' is half of knowledge." 00:09:46.519 --> 00:09:49.840 'Umar ibn Abi Za'idah said: 00:09:49.840 --> 00:09:51.840 "I have never seen anyone who was more frequent 00:09:51.840 --> 00:09:54.840 in saying, when asked about something: 00:09:54.840 --> 00:09:56.840 'I have no knowledge of it,' 00:09:56.840 --> 00:09:58.840 than al-Sha'bi, may Allah have mercy on him." 00:09:58.840 --> 00:10:02.190 It was said to al-Sha'bi, may Allah have mercy on him: 00:10:02.190 --> 00:10:05.190 "How did you used to act when you were asked?" 00:10:05.190 --> 00:10:07.190 He said: 00:10:07.190 --> 00:10:09.190 "When a man was asked, 00:10:09.190 --> 00:10:12.190 he would say to his companion: 'You answer it,' 00:10:12.190 --> 00:10:15.190 and they would continue until it returned to the first one." 00:10:15.190 --> 00:10:19.350 Ibn Abi Layla, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 00:10:19.350 --> 00:10:25.350 "I met one hundred and twenty of the Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:10:25.350 --> 00:10:28.350 and there was not one of them who was asked a hadith 00:10:28.350 --> 00:10:32.350 but that he wished his brother would suffice him in narrating it, 00:10:32.350 --> 00:10:34.350 nor was there one asked for a fatwa 00:10:34.350 --> 00:10:38.639 but that he wished his brother would suffice him in issuing it." 00:10:38.639 --> 00:10:40.639 Some wise men said: 00:10:40.639 --> 00:10:43.639 "Do not speak about what you do not know, 00:10:43.639 --> 00:10:47.019 lest you be accused regarding what you do know." 00:10:47.019 --> 00:10:50.019 Ibn Sirin, may Allah have mercy on him, 00:10:50.019 --> 00:10:53.019 when asked about the lawful and the unlawful, 00:10:53.019 --> 00:10:55.019 his color would change, 00:10:55.019 --> 00:10:58.019 until you would say he was not the same person he was before. 00:10:58.019 --> 00:11:01.620 The life of peace. 00:11:01.620 --> 00:11:04.940 Between speech and action.