WEBVTT

00:00:00.020 --> 00:00:04.019
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

00:00:04.019 --> 00:00:13.279
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

00:00:13.279 --> 00:00:18.469
A Concise Summary of the Prophetic Biography.

00:00:18.469 --> 00:00:24.629
Authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid Al-Azmi, may Allah preserve him.

00:00:24.629 --> 00:00:34.600
The Battle of Al-Muraysi' or Banu Al-Mustaliq.

00:00:34.600 --> 00:00:39.600
The Battle of Al-Muraysi' or Banu Al-Mustaliq took place in the month of Sha'ban.

00:00:39.600 --> 00:00:45.600
Scholarly opinions differed regarding the year in which this battle occurred, as follows:

00:00:45.600 --> 00:00:50.659
The first opinion: It took place in the fifth year after the Hijrah.

00:00:50.659 --> 00:00:55.700
The second opinion: It took place in the sixth year after the Hijrah.

00:00:55.700 --> 00:01:00.810
The Cause of This Battle:

00:01:00.810 --> 00:01:07.450
Word reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that Al-Harith ibn Abi Dirar,

00:01:07.450 --> 00:01:12.450
chief of Banu Al-Mustaliq, had rallied his tribe and whichever Arabs he could assemble,

00:01:12.450 --> 00:01:16.540
to wage war against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

00:01:16.540 --> 00:01:22.540
So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) dispatched Buraydah ibn Al-Husayb (may Allah be pleased with him)

00:01:22.540 --> 00:01:25.540
to ascertain the truth of the matter.

00:01:25.540 --> 00:01:29.540
He went to them, met Al-Harith ibn Dirar, and spoke with him,

00:01:29.540 --> 00:01:35.180
then returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and informed him of the news.

00:01:35.180 --> 00:01:43.560
The Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) Departure Toward Them:

00:01:43.560 --> 00:01:47.719
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) urged the people to march,

00:01:47.719 --> 00:01:49.760
and they hastened to set out.

00:01:49.760 --> 00:01:53.760
A large number of hypocrites accompanied him,

00:01:53.760 --> 00:01:57.290
who had never gone forth in any military expedition like it before.

00:01:57.290 --> 00:02:02.049
He appointed Zayd ibn Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) in charge of Medina.

00:02:02.209 --> 00:02:07.769
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) departed Medina on Monday,

00:02:07.769 --> 00:02:10.889
two nights having passed of the month of Sha'ban.

00:02:10.889 --> 00:02:14.530
When news reached Al-Harith ibn Abi Dirar and those with him

00:02:14.530 --> 00:02:18.849
regarding the march of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) toward them,

00:02:18.849 --> 00:02:21.250
they were struck with severe fear,

00:02:21.250 --> 00:02:27.419
and the Arabs who had joined them dispersed from them.

00:02:27.419 --> 00:02:32.310
Did Fighting Take Place in This Battle?

00:02:32.349 --> 00:02:36.990
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) arrived at Al-Muraysi',

00:02:36.990 --> 00:02:38.310
and a disagreement arose as to

00:02:38.310 --> 00:02:45.229
whether the Prophet (peace be upon him) called them to Islam before launching a surprise attack against them or not.

00:02:45.229 --> 00:02:48.430
What appears to be the case is that he did not invite them at that time,

00:02:48.430 --> 00:02:51.379
because the call of Islam had already reached them.

00:02:51.379 --> 00:02:54.060
Indeed, the two Sheikhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) narrated in their authentic collections—

00:02:54.060 --> 00:02:55.740
and the wording is Muslim's—

00:02:55.740 --> 00:02:57.900
from Ibn 'Awn, who said:

00:02:57.900 --> 00:02:59.699
"I wrote to Nafi'

00:02:59.740 --> 00:03:03.139
asking him about extending an invitation to Islam before fighting.

00:03:03.139 --> 00:03:04.180
He said:

00:03:04.180 --> 00:03:05.979
'So he wrote back to me:

00:03:05.979 --> 00:03:09.340
"That was only in the early days of Islam.

00:03:09.340 --> 00:03:12.539
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) launched a raid

00:03:12.539 --> 00:03:13.939
upon Banu Al-Mustaliq

00:03:13.939 --> 00:03:15.860
while they were unaware,

00:03:15.860 --> 00:03:18.539
and their cattle were being watered at the spring.

00:03:18.539 --> 00:03:22.180
He killed their fighting men and took their women and children captive,

00:03:22.180 --> 00:03:26.090
and on that day he acquired Juwayriyah, the daughter of Al-Harith.

00:03:26.090 --> 00:03:27.889
This hadith was narrated to me by

00:03:27.889 --> 00:03:30.969
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both),

00:03:30.969 --> 00:03:33.699
who was present in that army."'

00:03:33.699 --> 00:03:35.780
Imam Al-Nawawi said:

00:03:35.780 --> 00:03:37.500
"In this hadith lies

00:03:37.500 --> 00:03:39.979
the permissibility of launching a surprise attack on disbelievers who

00:03:39.979 --> 00:03:43.340
have already received the call to Islam, without giving prior warning."

00:03:43.340 --> 00:03:45.580
Al-Hafiz said in *Fath Al-Bari*:

00:03:45.580 --> 00:03:47.860
"It is a matter of scholarly disagreement.

00:03:47.860 --> 00:03:52.060
A group of scholars, including 'Umar ibn 'Abd Al-'Aziz, held

00:03:52.060 --> 00:03:56.180
that calling people to Islam before fighting is a strict prerequisite.

00:03:56.180 --> 00:03:57.780
Whereas the majority held

00:03:57.780 --> 00:04:00.620
that this requirement applied only in the beginning,

00:04:00.620 --> 00:04:03.419
before the call of Islam had spread widespread.

00:04:03.419 --> 00:04:06.259
Thus, if someone is found whom the call has not reached,

00:04:06.259 --> 00:04:08.979
he is not fought until he is invited to Islam;

00:04:08.979 --> 00:04:11.340
this was explicitly stated by Al-Shafi'i.

00:04:11.340 --> 00:04:12.979
Malik said:

00:04:12.979 --> 00:04:14.740
'Those who live near the lands of Islam

00:04:14.740 --> 00:04:16.699
are fought without an invitation,

00:04:16.699 --> 00:04:18.899
due to the fame and spread of Islam.

00:04:18.899 --> 00:04:20.740
But as for those from far lands,

00:04:20.740 --> 00:04:23.730
extending an invitation is more decisive in removing doubt.'

00:04:23.730 --> 00:04:27.329
Meanwhile, Al-Waqidi, Ibn Sa'd, and Ibn Ishaq held

00:04:27.370 --> 00:04:30.490
that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:04:30.490 --> 00:04:32.569
did invite them to Islam,

00:04:32.569 --> 00:04:35.449
and that actual fighting broke out between the two sides."

00:04:35.449 --> 00:04:37.470
Al-Waqidi stated:

00:04:37.470 --> 00:04:40.509
"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) reached

00:04:40.509 --> 00:04:41.949
Al-Muraysi',

00:04:41.949 --> 00:04:43.470
which is a watering place.

00:04:43.470 --> 00:04:46.470
He dismounted and pitched (peace be upon him)

00:04:46.470 --> 00:04:48.790
a leather dome tent for himself,

00:04:48.790 --> 00:04:52.149
accompanied by his wives 'A'ishah and Umm Salamah

00:04:52.149 --> 00:04:54.189
(may Allah be pleased with them both).

00:04:54.189 --> 00:04:56.430
The enemy had gathered at the water source

00:04:56.470 --> 00:04:59.629
and had prepared and arrayed themselves for battle.

00:04:59.629 --> 00:05:04.110
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) arranged his Companions in ranks,

00:05:04.110 --> 00:05:07.350
then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) ordered

00:05:07.350 --> 00:05:10.230
'Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:05:10.230 --> 00:05:12.269
who proclaimed among the people:

00:05:12.269 --> 00:05:14.990
'Say: "There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah,"

00:05:14.990 --> 00:05:18.269
by which you may protect your lives and your wealth!'

00:05:18.269 --> 00:05:19.629
But they refused.

00:05:19.629 --> 00:05:23.709
The first shot was fired by a man from among them with an arrow,

00:05:23.750 --> 00:05:27.100
whereupon the Muslims shot arrows for a brief hour.

00:05:27.100 --> 00:05:30.180
Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

00:05:30.180 --> 00:05:33.060
commanded his Companions to charge,

00:05:33.060 --> 00:05:35.899
and they charged as a single man.

00:05:35.899 --> 00:05:38.540
Not a single person among the enemy escaped;

00:05:38.540 --> 00:05:40.779
ten of their men were killed,

00:05:40.779 --> 00:05:42.939
and the rest were taken prisoner.

00:05:42.939 --> 00:05:45.939
Thus the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) captured

00:05:45.939 --> 00:05:48.899
the men, women, and children,

00:05:48.899 --> 00:05:51.189
as well as the camels and sheep."

00:05:51.189 --> 00:05:53.470
Imam Ibn Al-Qayyim said:

00:05:53.509 --> 00:05:55.990
"Likewise said 'Abd Al-Mu'min ibn Khalaf

00:05:55.990 --> 00:05:58.149
in his *Seerah* work and others,

00:05:58.149 --> 00:05:59.629
but this is an oversight,

00:05:59.629 --> 00:06:02.629
for there was no actual prolonged fighting between them;

00:06:02.629 --> 00:06:05.670
he merely launched a raid on them at the water source,

00:06:05.670 --> 00:06:08.470
taking their families and wealth as booty,

00:06:08.470 --> 00:06:10.720
as is established in *Al-Sahih*."

00:06:10.720 --> 00:06:13.319
Al-Hafiz reconciled the two views in *Fath Al-Bari*,

00:06:13.319 --> 00:06:14.560
saying:

00:06:14.560 --> 00:06:17.360
"It is possible that when the attack was launched against them,

00:06:17.360 --> 00:06:19.279
they stood their ground briefly,

00:06:19.279 --> 00:06:21.680
and when casualties mounted among them,

00:06:21.680 --> 00:06:23.079
they were routed.

00:06:23.079 --> 00:06:26.480
That is to say, when he ambushed them while they were at the water,

00:06:26.480 --> 00:06:28.680
they stood firm and formed battle ranks,

00:06:28.680 --> 00:06:31.759
and a brief clash took place between the two parties,

00:06:31.759 --> 00:06:35.759
after which victory was achieved over them."

00:06:35.759 --> 00:06:36.839
I say:

00:06:36.839 --> 00:06:39.040
It is astonishing how Ibn Sa'd

00:06:39.040 --> 00:06:42.480
preferred the *mursal* report of the historians (the people of *Maghazi*)

00:06:42.480 --> 00:06:45.680
over the authentic narration of Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

00:06:45.680 --> 00:06:48.680
For he said, after mentioning the report of the historians

00:06:48.680 --> 00:06:51.439
which I cited a moment ago:

00:06:51.480 --> 00:06:54.519
"'And Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to

00:06:54.519 --> 00:06:57.800
relate that the Prophet (peace be upon him)

00:06:57.800 --> 00:07:00.759
raided them while they were unaware

00:07:00.759 --> 00:07:03.480
and their cattle were being watered at the spring,

00:07:03.480 --> 00:07:07.279
killing their combatants and capturing their dependents;

00:07:07.279 --> 00:07:09.399
yet the former report is more firmly established.'"

00:07:09.399 --> 00:07:12.720
Al-Hafiz refuted him in *Fath Al-Bari*, stating:

00:07:12.720 --> 00:07:15.040
"The ruling that what is in the books of *Seerah*

00:07:15.040 --> 00:07:18.079
is more firmly established than what is in *Al-Sahih* is rejected,

00:07:18.079 --> 00:07:20.879
especially given the possibility of reconciling the two reports.

00:07:20.879 --> 00:07:22.279
And Allah knows best."

00:07:22.279 --> 00:07:27.699
A Concise Summary of the Prophetic Biography.

00:07:27.699 --> 00:07:34.620
Though the longing of creation for one another grows long,

00:07:34.620 --> 00:07:41.589
the longing for you knows no bound or end.

00:07:41.589 --> 00:07:48.220
May Allah send blessings upon you as long as the call to prayer is raised,

00:07:48.220 --> 00:07:56.069
and lips move with remaining devotions.