WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.169 --> 00:00:08.089 The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari. 00:00:08.599 --> 00:00:12.679 Abridged by Dr. Aqeel Ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:13.960 --> 00:00:16.120 Surah ar-Rahman. 00:00:18.140 --> 00:00:22.100 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.100 --> 00:00:25.140 The Most Gracious. 00:00:25.140 --> 00:00:28.219 Taught the Qur'an. 00:00:28.219 --> 00:00:32.700 Created humanity. 00:00:33.020 --> 00:00:36.219 Taught him eloquent speech. 00:00:37.539 --> 00:00:40.859 The Most Gracious, O people, out of His mercy toward you, 00:00:40.859 --> 00:00:42.420 Has taught you the Qur'an, 00:00:42.859 --> 00:00:44.820 Thereby bestowing this immense favor upon you. 00:00:45.570 --> 00:00:46.649 He created Adam, 00:00:47.049 --> 00:00:49.409 Who is "humanity" according to the view of some scholars. 00:00:49.890 --> 00:00:50.609 It is also said: 00:00:51.049 --> 00:00:53.369 He meant all of humanity thereby. 00:00:54.119 --> 00:00:56.799 He taught man what he needs, 00:00:57.000 --> 00:01:00.520 Regarding his religious and worldly affairs, such as the lawful and the unlawful, 00:01:00.840 --> 00:01:03.719 Means of livelihood, articulate speech, and other matters. 00:01:05.250 --> 00:01:09.329 The sun and the moon move by precise calculation. 00:01:09.650 --> 00:01:15.609 And the stars and trees prostrate. 00:01:16.879 --> 00:01:20.439 The sun and the moon run according to a precise calculation and predetermined stations. 00:01:21.079 --> 00:01:24.760 Whatever plants sprout from the earth and spread across its surface 00:01:24.760 --> 00:01:26.359 Without a stalk, 00:01:26.879 --> 00:01:28.560 And whatever stands erect upon a stalk, 00:01:29.000 --> 00:01:31.840 Both prostrate to Allah through the submission of their shadows, 00:01:32.439 --> 00:01:34.799 So that all things prostrate to Him, 00:01:35.079 --> 00:01:36.799 Despite their varying forms. 00:01:56.239 --> 00:01:58.560 And the heaven He raised high above the earth, 00:01:59.040 --> 00:02:01.760 And established justice among His creation on earth: 00:02:02.359 --> 00:02:04.959 That you do not transgress or defraud in the balance. 00:02:05.719 --> 00:02:08.280 Establish the weight with justice, 00:02:08.719 --> 00:02:11.960 And do not make the scale deficient when you weigh for people. 00:02:29.939 --> 00:02:33.240 And the earth He laid out for creation. 00:02:33.719 --> 00:02:35.310 In the earth are fruits, 00:02:35.310 --> 00:02:36.990 And date palms with sheaths of fiber, 00:02:36.990 --> 00:02:38.990 Wrapped within their protective envelopes, 00:02:38.990 --> 00:02:42.990 Bearing spathes enclosed in their coverings. 00:02:43.430 --> 00:02:44.750 And therein is grain, 00:02:44.750 --> 00:02:48.030 Namely the grain of wheat and barley with leaves, 00:02:48.030 --> 00:02:50.629 Which becomes straw when dry, 00:02:50.629 --> 00:02:53.430 And sweet-smelling plants with fragrance. 00:03:01.139 --> 00:03:04.219 So which of the favors of your Lord, 00:03:04.219 --> 00:03:07.219 O assembly of jinn and mankind, will you deny? 00:03:36.120 --> 00:03:41.080 Allah created Adam from dry clay that was not baked; 00:03:42.080 --> 00:03:47.080 Because of its dryness, it produces a ringing sound when tapped or struck, like pottery. 00:03:48.080 --> 00:03:50.080 “And the jinn did He create of smokeless fire.” (55:15) 00:03:51.080 --> 00:03:53.080 And it was blended together, 00:03:54.080 --> 00:03:56.080 From various types of earth: red, yellow, and green. 00:03:57.080 --> 00:03:59.080 And it is the blazing flame of fire and its tongue. 00:04:00.139 --> 00:04:05.139 So which of the favors of your Lord, O two weighty races, among these blessings will you deny? 00:04:06.879 --> 00:04:10.879 “Lord of the two Easts, and Lord of the two Wests!” (55:17) 00:04:11.879 --> 00:04:17.879 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:04:18.879 --> 00:04:22.519 That is, O two weighty races, the Lord of the two easts: 00:04:23.519 --> 00:04:26.519 The sunrise in winter and the sunrise in summer, 00:04:27.519 --> 00:04:31.519 And the Lord of the two wests: the sunset in winter and the sunset in summer. 00:04:32.519 --> 00:04:35.519 So which of the favors of your Lord, O assembly of jinn and mankind, 00:04:35.519 --> 00:04:40.519 Among these blessings which He has bestowed upon you, will you deny? 00:04:42.100 --> 00:04:46.100 He released the two bodies of water, meeting together. 00:04:47.100 --> 00:04:51.100 “There is a barrier between them. They encroach not (one upon the other).” (55:20) 00:04:52.100 --> 00:04:58.100 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:04:59.100 --> 00:05:01.540 He sent forth and let flow the two waters: 00:05:02.540 --> 00:05:03.540 The water of the sky, which is rain, 00:05:03.540 --> 00:05:05.540 And the water of the earth, meeting one another. 00:05:06.540 --> 00:05:08.540 Between them is a barrier and a distance, 00:05:09.540 --> 00:05:11.540 So neither of them spoils the other, 00:05:12.540 --> 00:05:14.540 Nor does either transgress against the other, 00:05:15.540 --> 00:05:18.540 Nor do they exceed the boundary that Allah has set for them. 00:05:19.540 --> 00:05:24.540 So which of the favors of Allah your Lord, O assembly of jinn and mankind, will you deny, 00:05:25.540 --> 00:05:28.540 Among these blessings He has bestowed upon you by letting the two bodies of water flow, 00:05:29.540 --> 00:05:32.540 Whereby He provided ornaments for you to wear? 00:05:33.540 --> 00:05:34.540 Likewise, 00:05:35.990 --> 00:05:39.990 “There cometh forth from both of them the pearl and coral-stone.” (55:22) 00:05:40.990 --> 00:05:46.990 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:05:47.990 --> 00:05:51.410 From both of these bodies of water come forth pearls, 00:05:52.410 --> 00:05:54.410 Extracted from seashells as precious gems, 00:05:55.410 --> 00:05:57.410 And coral, which are small pearls. 00:05:58.410 --> 00:06:02.410 So which of the favors of your Lord, O two weighty races, that He has bestowed upon you, 00:06:02.410 --> 00:06:06.410 Regarding the benefits He brought forth for you from the two waters, will you deny? 00:06:07.410 --> 00:06:14.949 “His are the ships displayed upon the sea, like banners.” (55:24) 00:06:15.949 --> 00:06:21.949 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:06:22.949 --> 00:06:28.459 And to the Lord of the two easts and two wests belong the ships sailing across the seas, 00:06:29.459 --> 00:06:31.459 With elevated sails towering like mountains. 00:06:31.459 --> 00:06:37.459 So which of the favors of your Lord, O assembly of jinn and mankind, that He has bestowed upon you, 00:06:38.459 --> 00:06:43.459 By causing these majestic ships to sail in the sea for your benefit, will you deny? 00:06:44.459 --> 00:06:49.040 “Everyone that is thereon will pass away;” (55:26) 00:06:50.040 --> 00:06:56.040 “There remaineth but the Countenance of thy Lord of Might and Glory.” (55:27) 00:06:57.040 --> 00:07:03.040 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:07:04.040 --> 00:07:09.620 Everyone upon the face of the earth, both jinn and mankind, will perish. 00:07:10.620 --> 00:07:13.620 “There remaineth but the Countenance of thy Lord of Might and Glory.” (55:27) 00:07:14.620 --> 00:07:19.620 So which of the favors of your Lord, O two weighty races, among these blessings will you deny? 00:07:21.579 --> 00:07:25.579 “All that are in the heavens and the earth entreat Him. Every day He exerciseth (universal) power.” (55:29) 00:07:25.579 --> 00:07:28.579 “All that are in the heavens and the earth entreat Him. Every day He exerciseth (universal) power.” (55:29) 00:07:29.579 --> 00:07:35.579 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:07:36.579 --> 00:07:42.250 To Him all who are in the heavens and the earth turn in distress, asking for their needs. 00:07:43.279 --> 00:07:45.279 Every day He brings about a matter regarding His creation: 00:07:46.279 --> 00:07:47.279 He relieves the distress of the distressed, 00:07:48.279 --> 00:07:50.279 Exalts some people and humbles others, 00:07:51.279 --> 00:07:53.279 Along with other affairs of His creation. 00:07:53.279 --> 00:07:58.279 So which of the favors of your Lord, O assembly of jinn and mankind, that He has bestowed upon you, 00:07:59.279 --> 00:08:02.279 In directing your affairs for your welfare, will you deny? 00:08:03.279 --> 00:08:08.889 We shall attend to you, O two weighty races. 00:08:09.889 --> 00:08:15.889 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:08:16.889 --> 00:08:21.500 We will hold you to account and settle your affairs, O mankind and jinn, 00:08:22.500 --> 00:08:26.500 Punishing the people of disobedience and rewarding the people of obedience. 00:08:27.500 --> 00:08:31.500 So which of the favors of your Lord, O two weighty races, that He has bestowed upon you, 00:08:32.500 --> 00:08:37.500 In rewarding those who obey Him and punishing those who disobey Him, will you deny? 00:08:38.500 --> 00:08:43.139 O assembly of jinn and mankind! 00:08:44.139 --> 00:08:50.139 “O company of jinn and men, if ye have power to penetrate (all) regions of the heavens and the earth, then penetrate (them)! Ye will never penetrate them save with (Our) sanction.” (55:33) 00:08:50.139 --> 00:08:59.139 “O company of jinn and men, if ye have power to penetrate (all) regions of the heavens and the earth, then penetrate (them)! Ye will never penetrate them save with (Our) sanction.” (55:33) 00:09:00.139 --> 00:09:05.139 “O company of jinn and men, if ye have power to penetrate (all) regions of the heavens and the earth, then penetrate (them)! Ye will never penetrate them save with (Our) sanction.” (55:33) 00:09:06.139 --> 00:09:12.139 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:09:13.139 --> 00:09:15.779 It will be said to them on the Day of Resurrection: 00:09:16.779 --> 00:09:18.779 "O assembly of jinn and mankind! 00:09:18.779 --> 00:09:22.779 If you are able to pass beyond the bounds of the heavens and the earth, 00:09:23.779 --> 00:09:26.779 So as to escape your Lord so that He has no power over you, 00:09:27.779 --> 00:09:28.779 Then pass beyond them! 00:09:29.779 --> 00:09:32.779 But you cannot pass except with authority and clear proof." 00:09:33.779 --> 00:09:34.779 It is also said: 00:09:35.779 --> 00:09:36.779 "O assembly of jinn and mankind! 00:09:37.779 --> 00:09:40.779 “O company of jinn and men, if ye have power to penetrate (all) regions of the heavens and the earth, then penetrate (them)! Ye will never penetrate them save with (Our) sanction.” (55:33) 00:09:41.779 --> 00:09:43.779 Escape, then, fleeing from death! 00:09:44.779 --> 00:09:47.779 But you cannot escape except with authority and clear proof." 00:09:48.779 --> 00:09:49.779 It is also said: 00:09:50.779 --> 00:09:53.779 "If you are able to know what is in the heavens and the earth, 00:09:54.779 --> 00:09:55.779 Then know it! 00:09:56.779 --> 00:09:58.779 But you will never know it except with authority and clear proof." 00:09:59.899 --> 00:10:03.899 So which of the favors of your Lord, O two weighty races, that have been bestowed upon you, 00:10:04.899 --> 00:10:06.899 In making all of you equal in helplessness, 00:10:07.899 --> 00:10:11.899 Unable to resist any decree He wills for you, will you deny? 00:10:13.740 --> 00:10:23.149 “There will be sent, against you both, heat of fire and flash of brass, and ye will not escape.” (55:35) 00:10:24.149 --> 00:10:29.149 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:10:30.149 --> 00:10:36.860 There will be sent against you, O two weighty races, on the Day of Resurrection, flames of fire and smoke, 00:10:37.860 --> 00:10:40.860 And you will not be able to defend yourselves, O jinn and mankind. 00:10:40.860 --> 00:10:48.860 So which power of your Lord, O assembly of jinn and mankind, regarding what He has informed you He will do to you, will you deny? 00:10:49.860 --> 00:10:59.559 And when the heaven splits open and becomes rosy red like burnt oil. 00:11:00.559 --> 00:11:06.559 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:11:07.559 --> 00:11:19.389 When the sky tears apart and cleaves on the Day of Resurrection, its color turning like a reddish-bay horse, glowing like refined oil in its brilliance, 00:11:20.419 --> 00:11:27.419 So which power of your Lord, O assembly of jinn and mankind, regarding what He has informed you He will do to you, will you deny? 00:11:28.419 --> 00:11:45.500 On that Day, neither human nor jinn will be questioned about his sin; so which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:11:46.500 --> 00:11:53.980 On that Day, the angels will not question the criminals about their sins, for Allah has already fully recorded them, 00:11:54.980 --> 00:11:57.980 Nor will Allah question some of them about the sins of others. 00:11:58.980 --> 00:12:05.980 So which of the favors of your Lord, O two weighty races, that He has bestowed upon you in His perfect justice among you, will you deny? 00:12:07.529 --> 00:12:14.529 “The guilty will be known by their marks, and will be taken by the forelocks and the feet.” (55:41) 00:12:15.529 --> 00:12:21.529 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:12:22.529 --> 00:12:29.940 The angels will recognize the criminals by their distinct marks and features that Allah marks them with, 00:12:30.940 --> 00:12:33.940 Such as black faces and blue eyes, 00:12:34.940 --> 00:12:39.940 And the angels of torment will seize them by their forelocks and feet, dragging them into Hell. 00:12:40.940 --> 00:12:45.940 So which of the favors of your Lord, O assembly of jinn and mankind, that He has bestowed upon you, 00:12:46.940 --> 00:12:51.940 In making known to His angels the sinners distinct from the obedient among you, 00:12:52.940 --> 00:12:57.940 So that humiliation and disgrace are singled out for the criminals and none else, will you deny? 00:12:58.940 --> 00:13:06.580 “This is hell which the guilty deny.” (55:43) 00:13:07.580 --> 00:13:11.580 “They go circling round between it and fierce, boiling water.” (55:44) 00:13:11.580 --> 00:13:18.580 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:13:19.580 --> 00:13:23.159 It will be said to these criminals: 00:13:24.159 --> 00:13:27.159 “This is hell which the guilty deny.” (55:43) 00:13:28.159 --> 00:13:32.159 These criminals will circle between the depths of Hell 00:13:33.159 --> 00:13:38.159 And scalding water that has been boiled until it has reached peak heat and intense boiling. 00:13:38.159 --> 00:13:43.220 So which of the favors of your Lord, O assembly of jinn and mankind, that He has bestowed upon you, 00:13:44.220 --> 00:13:50.220 In punishing those who disbelieve in Him and honoring those who believe in Him, will you deny? 00:13:51.220 --> 00:13:57.860 “But for him who feareth the standing before his Lord there are two gardens.” (55:46) 00:13:58.860 --> 00:14:04.860 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:14:05.860 --> 00:14:11.570 And for whoever feared Allah among His servants and dreaded standing before Him, 00:14:12.570 --> 00:14:17.570 Obeying Him by fulfilling His obligations and avoiding His prohibitions, there are two gardens. 00:14:18.629 --> 00:14:25.629 So which of the favors of your Lord, O two weighty races, that He has bestowed upon you by rewarding the righteous among you, will you deny? 00:14:26.629 --> 00:14:36.820 Having lush branches. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:14:38.820 --> 00:14:50.419 Having varied colors and delightful varieties. So which of the favors of your Lord, O two weighty races, that He has bestowed upon you by granting this reward to the obedient, will you deny? 00:14:51.419 --> 00:15:03.100 In both of them are two flowing springs. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:15:04.100 --> 00:15:12.769 In these two gardens are two springs of water flowing through them. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:15:13.769 --> 00:15:19.250 “Wherein is every kind of fruit in pairs.” (55:52) 00:15:20.250 --> 00:15:26.250 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:15:27.250 --> 00:15:31.919 In both of them are two kinds of every fruit. 00:15:32.919 --> 00:15:38.919 So which of the favors of your Lord that He has bestowed upon the people of His obedience through that will you deny? 00:15:39.919 --> 00:15:52.460 “Reclining upon couches lined with silk brocade, the fruit of both the gardens near to hand.” (55:54) 00:15:53.460 --> 00:15:59.460 So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:16:00.460 --> 00:16:08.230 For whoever feared the standing before his Lord are two gardens wherein they will delight, reclining upon couches 00:16:08.230 --> 00:16:12.230 Whose inner linings are made of rich, thick brocade, 00:16:13.230 --> 00:16:20.230 And the harvest of both gardens hangs near them, so they can gather fruit while seated without any exertion. 00:16:21.230 --> 00:16:29.299 So which of the favors of your Lord, O two weighty races, that He has bestowed upon you by granting the obedient among you this reward 00:16:30.299 --> 00:16:33.299 And honoring them with this dignity, will you deny? 00:16:33.299 --> 00:17:00.429 Therein are women of modest gaze whom no human or jinn has touched before them. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:17:01.429 --> 00:17:11.329 Upon these couches are women who restrict their gaze to their husbands, looking at no other men. 00:17:12.329 --> 00:17:16.329 No human or jinn has ever touched or had intimacy with them before them. 00:17:17.329 --> 00:17:26.329 So which of the favors of your Lord, O assembly of jinn and mankind, among these blessings He has granted the people of His obedience, will you deny? 00:17:27.329 --> 00:17:41.099 As if they were rubies and coral. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:17:42.769 --> 00:17:53.769 As though these maidens of modest gaze are, in their purity, like clear rubies through which light shines, and in their beauty like rubies and coral. 00:17:54.769 --> 00:18:05.769 So which of the favors of your Lord that He has bestowed upon you, O two weighty races, by rewarding the obedient among you as described in these verses, will you deny? 00:18:07.700 --> 00:18:21.700 Is the reward for excellence anything but excellence? So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:18:23.240 --> 00:18:29.240 Is the reward for fearing the station of Allah—for one who feared Him, did righteous deeds in this world, and obeyed his Lord— 00:18:30.240 --> 00:18:35.240 Anything other than that his Lord treats him with excellence in the Hereafter by rewarding him for his good deeds? 00:18:35.240 --> 00:18:44.240 So which of the favors of your Lord, O two weighty races, that He has bestowed upon you by rewarding the doer of good among you for his excellence, will you deny? 00:18:45.240 --> 00:18:59.009 And besides these two are two other gardens. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:19:00.009 --> 00:19:09.490 Below the two gardens mentioned for the one who feared standing before his Lord are two other gardens, lower in rank and virtue. 00:19:10.490 --> 00:19:19.519 So which of the favors of your Lord that He has bestowed upon you by rewarding the people of excellence with what is described of these two gardens will you deny? 00:19:19.519 --> 00:19:34.740 Dark green in color. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:19:35.740 --> 00:19:48.220 Deeply dark green due to the intensity of their lushness. So which of the favors of your Lord that He has bestowed upon you by rewarding the people of excellence with what is described of these two gardens will you deny? 00:19:49.220 --> 00:20:00.180 In both of them are two gushing springs. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:20:01.180 --> 00:20:16.720 In these two gardens, which are lower than the first two, are two springs bubbling with water. So which of the favors of your Lord that He has bestowed upon you by granting the righteous among you this immense reward will you deny? 00:20:17.720 --> 00:20:32.549 In both are fruit, date palms, and pomegranates. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:20:33.549 --> 00:20:48.029 In these two dark green gardens are fruit, date palms, and pomegranates. So which of the favors of your Lord that He has bestowed upon you through this honor with which He has honored the righteous among you will you deny? 00:20:49.029 --> 00:21:00.799 In them are good and beautiful women. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:21:01.799 --> 00:21:13.630 In these four gardens—the two for the one who feared the standing before his Lord and the other two dark-green ones below them— 00:21:14.630 --> 00:21:22.700 Are maidens of noble character and beautiful faces. So which of the favors of your Lord that He has bestowed upon you through what has been mentioned will you deny? 00:21:24.140 --> 00:21:36.140 Fair maidens reserved in pavilions. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:21:37.140 --> 00:21:47.660 Fair-complexioned women kept within pavilions for their husbands, desiring no substitute for them nor raising their eyes to any other men. 00:21:47.660 --> 00:21:56.660 So which of the favors of your Lord that He has bestowed upon you of dignity by granting the righteous among you this honor will you deny? 00:21:58.359 --> 00:22:15.359 Untouched before them by any human or jinn. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:22:15.359 --> 00:22:28.130 Untouched in marriage by any human or jinn before them. So which of the favors of your Lord that He has bestowed upon you from what has been described will you deny? 00:22:29.130 --> 00:22:43.859 Reclining on green cushions and beautiful fine carpets. So which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? 00:22:43.859 --> 00:23:00.539 Those whom Allah—exalted be His praise—has honored with this dignity will delight in the two gardens, reclining upon heavenly meadows—or it is said: green cushions—and reclining upon beautiful carpets. 00:23:01.539 --> 00:23:09.539 So which of the favors of your Lord that He has bestowed upon you by honoring the obedient among you with this dignity will you deny? 00:23:10.539 --> 00:23:18.210 “Blessed be the name of thy Lord, Mighty and glorious!” (55:78) 00:23:21.420 --> 00:23:28.420 Blessed is the Name of your Lord, O Muhammad, the Possessor of Majesty, to Whom all honor belongs from all His creation. 00:23:29.420 --> 00:23:35.339 The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.